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Thuyt minh: n Tt Nghip B mn: Ch To My
LI NI U
Trong giai on pht trin ca x hi hin nay, vic xy dng mt nn
cng nghip hin i l mt nhim v trng tm trong thi k pht trin nn
kinh t th trng. Nhn r c nhim v quan trng ng v Nh nc
ta rt ch trng n vic pht trin nn cng nghip nng trong mi
nhn l c kh ch to my.
Trnh k thut ca mt t nc trc ht c nh gi bi s
pht trin ca ngnh c kh ch to my - mt trong nhng ngnh ch o
ca nn cng nghip, trong my ct kim loi l mt thit b ch yu ca
ngnh, chng dng bc i mt lng d no t phi bin thnh cc
chi tit my theo mun. Ngy nay cng ngh sn xut phi t c
nhng thnh tu to ln trong vic to ra nhng phi c hnh dng gn ging
vi chi tit v lng d cn bc i rt nh. Xong khng v th m ngha
ca my ct kim loi trong ngnh c kh li gim m cn tng ln bi qu
trnh gia cng trn my rt phc tp v yu cu chnh xc rt cao m cc
dng gia cng khc kh hoc khng th t c.
Nhim v t ra cho nhng nh thit k my Vit Nam l phi trang
b cho t nc mt h thng nhng my ct kim loi c ch tiu kinh k
thut ph hp vi yu cu s dng nhm mc ch a nn cng nghip i
ln.
Sau 5 nm hc tp ti Trng i hc k thut Cng nghip n
nay em hon thnh chng trnh i hc ngnh C Kh Ch To My.
c c s tng hp cc kin thc hc trong cc mn hc ca ngnh v
c c s khi qut chung v nhim v ca mt ngi thit k em c
nhn ti Thit k my Phay Ln Rng. c s ch bo tn tnh ca
thy gio ThS.Nguyn Thun v tp th cc thy gio trong b mn My
v t ng ho cng vi s c gng ca bn thn, n nay em hon
thnh n tt nghip ca mnh. Trong qu trnh lm n, chc chn s
khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Em rt mong c s ch bo ca cc thy
em c iu kin hc hi thm. Em xin chn thnh cm n!
Thi Nguyn, ngy thng nm 2012
Sinh vin thit k
V c Hip
GVHD: ThS.Nguyn Thun - 1 - SV: V c Hip
PHN: I
TNG HP CU TRC
NG HC MY
I - XC NH CNG DNG CA MY - CHN CC THNG S
CH YU
My phay ln rng l loi my chuyn dng, n c ch to gia
cng bnh rng tr rng thng, rng nghing v bnh vt (bng phng php
chy dao hng knh hay tip tuyn ).
Vic ct bnh rng c thc hin bng cch ln bao hnh gia dao
phay trc vt v phi, gia cng bng phng php phay thun hay phay
nghch vi chy dao thng thng hay chy dao ng cho.
My phay ln rng lm vic theo chu k bn t ng. ng knh ln
nht ca bnh rng c gia cng : D
max
=800
Modul ln nht ca bnh rng c gia cng: m
max
=10
II - PHNG PHP TO HNH B MT CHI TIT GIA CNG
My phay ln rng lm vic theo phng php bao hnh, to hnh b
mt bng phng php ln v tip xc.
- Trn my c cc chuyn ng sau :
+ Chuyn ng to ra ng chun c .
+ Chuyn ng to ra ng sinh s
+ Chuyn ng phn Fa .
- ng sinh cng ngh l ng thn khai, cn ng chun l
ng rng.
2.1.Phng php phn tch chuyn ng to ra ng sinh s , v
chuyn ng phn F
a
.
Theo phng php bao hnh, ng thn khai (1) c to thnh l
ng bao ca cc v tr lin tip ca li ct thc (2). Qu trnh hnh thnh
bin dng rng l qu trnh n khp cng bc gia bnh rng cn gia cng
v dao phay trc vt (nhc li s n khp ca trc vt v bnh rng). Do
dao v phi c chuyn ng quay ph hp vi nhau. Vy chuyn ng phn
Fa s trng vi chuyn ng to thnh ng sinh s. to ra chuyn
ng ny ta c s nh (hnh-1).
Nu bnh rng c ct c Z rng dao phay trc vt c K u mi, tc
quay ca dao l n
d
th tc quay ca phi l: n
f
sao cho:
Z
K
n
n
d
f
Gi i
x
l chc phn ta c :
n
d
.i
12
.i
x
.i
34
= n
f
34 12 34 12
.
1
.
1
. .
i i Z
K
i i nd
n
x
f
i
i
x
3
2
1
n
d
5
n
f
4
2
Dao
Hnh-1
1
2
Z
K
x x
C i .
2.2.Phn tch to ra ng chun c
Khi ct bnh rng tr rng thng, ng chun l ng song song
vi trc phi. to ra ng chun ny dao phay dch chuyn dc trc
phi vi lng chy dao S
d
xc nh trn mt vng quay ca phi. Chuyn
ng n
d
l chuyn ng ca dao phay trc vt nhm to ra tc ct ng vi
chuyn ng quay ca dao theo t s truyn:
Z
K
n
n
i
f
d

Nhm
S
(n
d
, n
f
): lin h vi nhau theo t s truyn trn c gi l
ng sinh T.
Chuyn ng tnh tin ca bn mang dao hoc ca bn my mang
phi theo phng dc trc ca chi tit nhm ct ht b rng rng.
s (T) : Nhm to hnh ng chun. Khi g dao sao cho :
= t
Trong : - Gc nghing trc dao
- Gc nng rng trc vt.
Khi ct bnh rng tr rng nghing th ng chun l ng xon vt
c gc nng bng gc nng ca bnh rng. Chuyn ng to ra ng chun
c th xc nh nh sau : (Hnh - 2)
Hnh - 2
T
A A
B
B1
B1
B
Sd
nf
nt
nd
d
d
T
x
nf
nt
nd
Hnh - 2
Khi gia cng bnh rng thng th phi c quay 1 vng th dao tnh tin
mt on l S
gia cng ht on rng t AB.

Khi gia cng bnh rng nghing , dao phay ct ht on rng nghing t
AB
1
th phi phi quay thm mt lng l n
t
sao cho c s phi hp gia
n
t
v n
phi
dao dch chuyn mt cung AB
1
. Mi lin h gia n
t
v dao nh
sau:
Gi s phi quay thm (n
t
) mt gc
i
no th dao s dch chuyn
mt lng l S
d
.
Nu phi quay thm mt lng (n
t
) = 1 vng phi th lc dao tnh
tin mt lng l T (T :l bc xon vt tr). Ta c:
T d Cotg . .
Trong :
d - l ng knh phi:
Sin
Z
g
Z
Cos
Z m
d
n
. .m
cot .
cos
. .m
= T
.
n n

Nh vy ta thy khi dao dch chuyn mt lng l T th phi quay ph
thm 1 vng. Nu dao dch chuyn mt lng l S
th phi quay ph thm

mt lng n
t
. Ta c:
T
S
n
n
T
S
d
t
t d

1
(vng phi)
Vy khi phi quay thm mt lng n
t
(vng phi) th dao quay thm
mt lng l :
T
S
K
Z
d
. (vng dao).
Nh vy gia cng bnh rng tr rng nghing th:
+) Phn : Phi quay 1 vng , dao quay
K
Z
(vng)
+)To rnh nghing:Phi quay n
t
(vng), dao quay
T
S
K
Z
d
. (vng).
Lng di ng tnh ton l:
1 vng phi
K
Z
K
Z
S
T
d
t .
(Vng dao).
Du (-) khi ng xon ca rng gia cng v dao trng nhau
Du (+) khi chng ngc chiu nhau.
Khi ct bnh vt gm hai chuyn ng n
d
,n
f
v s (n
d
;n
f
) nhm ng
hc to hnh ng sinh:
T
k
- Chuyn ng chy dao hng knh ct ht chiu su ct theo
phng php chy dao hng knh, nu chy dao tip tuyn th dch chuyn
mt lng S
t
ca dao.
M
1 2 3 4
5
6
iv
ix
7 8 9 10
is
nd
nf
T
k
tvm
+) Xch tc :
M - 1 - 2 - i
v
- 3 - 4 - dao phay trc vt.
Lng di ng tnh ton:
n
d/c
(v/p) ng c M n
d
(v/p) DTV
Phng trnh iu chnh ng hc :
n
d/c
. i
1-2
. i
v
. i
3-4
= n
d
i
v
=C
v
.n
d/c
+) Xch phn :
Dao phay trc vt - 4- 5 - i
x
- 6 - 7 - phi
1 vng dao k/z vng phi .
Phng trnh iu chnh ng hc:
1 . i
4-5
. i
x
. i
6-7
=k/z
Cng thc iu chnh
i
x
= C
x
. k/z
C
x
: H s iu chnh xch bao hnh
+) Xch chy dao :
Phi - 7 - 8 - i
S
- 9 -10 - Vt me chy hng knh.
1 vng phi bn my tnh tin hng knh S
K
(mm).
1 . i
7-8
. i
s
. i
9-10
. t
vm
= S
k
i
S
= C
sk
. S
k

Ct bng phng php chy dao tip tuyn. Dao phay c dng u cn
hoc dao bay p dng cho ct bnh vt vi s u mi ln hn hai.
M
1 2 3 4
7
8
iv
ix
9 10 11 12
is
nd
nf1
Tt
nf2
tvm
5 6
15
14 13
iy
M
+) Xch tc : M 1 2 iv 3 4 DTV
Lng di ng tnh ton:
n
dc
(v/p) n
d
(v/p) DTV
phng trnh iu chnh ng hc
n
dc
. i
12
. i
v
. i
3-4
= n
d
Cng thc iu chnh ng hc
iv = C
v
.n
d
+) Xch phn : DTV 4 5 6 7 ix 8 9 - Phi bnh
vt.
Lng di ng tnh ton
1(vng) DTV K/Z (Vng) Phi BR
Phng trnh iu chnh ng hc
1. i
4-5
. i
. i
6-7
. i
x
. i
89
= K/Z
Cng thc iu chnh
i
x
= C
x
. K/Z
C
x
: H s iu chnh ng hc
+) Xch chy dao dc trc (tip tuyn).
Phi - 9 -10- i
S
-11- 12 -vt me tip tuyn
Lng di ng tnh ton
1(vng) phi bnh vt S
t
(mm) bn dao tip tuyn
1 . i
9-10
. i
s
. i
11-12
. t
vm
= S
t
i
s
= S
t
. C
t
+ Xch vi sai: Vt me tip tuyn mang bn dao ko di 12 13 i
y
14 15 6 7 i
x
8 9 Bn my mang phi
Lng di dng tnh ton:
vm
t
t
m .
(vng) Vt me tip tuyn
Z
1
(vng) Phi bnh vt
Z
x y
t
m
i i i i i i i
vm
t 1
9 8 7 6 15 14 13 12
.
. . . . . . .

i
x
= C
x
.k/z
Cng thc iu chnh xch vi sai:
k m
y y
t
C i
1
.
III - THNH LP S CU TRC MY
T phn tch phng php to hnh trn ta thy my phay ln rng c
cc chuyn ng to hnh sau:
Khi ct bnh rng tr rng thng cn c chuyn ng quay chnh ca
dao l Q
1
to ra tc ct, chuyn ng quay phi Q
2
ph hp vi Q
1
.
Do vy gia dao v phi phi c lin kt ni vi chc iu chnh i
x
, l
nhm to hnh ng sinh s (Q
1
,Q
2
) .
Khi ct bnh rng tr rng nghing to thnh ng chun th my
phi c thm chuyn ng to thnh ng xon c l chuyn ng quay
ph thm Q
3
ph hp vi chuyn ng thng ng ca bn my T, lc ny
bn my mang phi nhn ng thi 2 chuyn ng c lp nhau (Q
2
,Q
3
) v
vy trong cu to ca my cn b tr thm c cu cng (c cu vi sai) gp
2 chuyn ng ny l nhm to hnh ng chun c(Q
3
,T).
GVHD: ThS.Nguyn Thun - 10 - SV: V c
Hip
1
i
x
5
i
y
1
i
x
4
5
i
y
to thnh cc chuyn ng trn ta thy c rt nhiu phng n
thnh lp s cu trc.
C s cho vic thnh lp s cu trc: Trc ht phi vit c lin
kt ni v chuyn ng ca cc nhm hnh thnh. T ta c 4 phng n
thnh lp s cu trc a,b,c,d.

Theo phng n a,b
Hip
1
i
x
5
i
y
1
i
x
4
5
i
y
1
i
x
2
3
i
y
7
1
i
x
2
3
5 i
y
i
s
9
Hip
3
8
9
Phng n - a
6
1
i
x
4
5
10
i
y
7
T
Q
1
Q
f
Q
2
Phng n - b
8
1
i
x
4
5
10
i
y
9
T
Q
1
Q
f
Q
2
1
i
x
2
3
i
y
7
1
i
x
2
3
5 i
y
i
s
9
2
2
3 6
7
Ta c : Lng di ng tnh ton xch vai l:
T (mm) bn dao phi quay ph thm t 1 (vng)
T
t
vm
vng vt me phi quay ph thm t 1 (vng)
T
t
vm
.i
78
.i
y
.i
910
.i
.i
56
= t 1 vng
Hay:
Z m
Sin
i i i
t
T i i i
t
i i i i T
t
y
n
vm vm vm
i
. . . .
1
. . . . . .
. .
56 910 78 56 910 78 56 910 78

Trong :
+) t
vm
: Bc ca trc vt me ng.
+) i
: T s truyn ca c cu cng chuyn ng

+) m
n
: Modul php ca bnh rng cn gia cng
+) Z :S rng ca bnh rng cn gia cng
+) :Gc xon vt ca bnh rng cn gia cng
Khi iu chnh xch bao hnh: Lng di ng tnh ton l:
1 vng dao K/Z vng phi
Phng trnh iu chnh:
1.i
12
.i
x
.i
34
.i
.i
56
= K/Z vng phi
( ) 1 .
. . .
1
56 34 12
Z
K
i i i i
i
x

Theo phng n c,d:
Hip
Q
2
Phng n - c
6
1
i
x
2
3
10 i
y
7
T
Q
1
Q
f
Phng n - d
6
1
i
x
2
3
5 i
y
i
s
9
T
Q
1
Q
f
Q
2
Hip
S
k

S
t

4
5
8 9
4
5
7
8
10
11
Ta c : Lng di ng tnh ton xch vai l:
T (mm) bn dao phi quay ph thm t 1 (vng)
T
t
vm
vng vt me phi quay ph thm t 1 (vng)
T
t
vm
.i
78
.i
y
.i
910
.i
.i
34
.i
x
.i
56
= t 1 vng
Ta c:
Z m
Sin
i i i i i i
t
T i i i i i i
t
i i i i i i T
t
i
n x
vm
x
vm
x
vm
y
. .
.
. . . . .
1
.
. . . . . . . . . . .
56 34 910 78 56 34 910 78 56 34 910 78

(2)
Thay (1) vo (2) ta c:
K m
Sin
C
K m
Sin
i i
i t
i
n
y
n
vm
y
. .
.
. .
.
.
.
910 78
12

Trong 4 phng n trn ta thy phng n c, d c vic iu chnh vi
sai khng ph thuc vo rng ca s rng b ct, do khi ct rng vi s
rng khc nhau ta ch cn iu chnh chc i
x
s rt ngn c thi gian iu
chnh my m bo cp bnh rng lm vic tt v chng c cng gc
nghing. Cn phng n a, b th khng c u im no.
Phng n c, c nhc im l khi ct bnh rng nghing lng chy
dao thng ng ph thuc vo tc quay ca dao. Do nng xut khng
cao v khng th tng tc quay ca dao ln lin tc c.
khc phc nhc im ny ta s dng s cu trc my theo
phng n (d) c thm khu iu chnh lng chy dao i
S
.
Mt khc khi ct bnh vt trn my phay, cn c cc chuyn ng sau:
n
d
- to tc ct
n
f
- chuyn ng ca phi ph hp vi chuyn ng ca dao
S
k
- l chuyn ng chy dao hng knh ct ht chiu su
ct khi ct bnh bng phng php chy dao hng knh.(hnh e)
Hip
S
k

n
f
n
t
9
8
7
i
S
6
i
0
5
15
4
Hnh - h
12
i
x
i
y
S
k

n
f
9
8 7
i
S
6
i
x
5
10
Hnh - g
S
t

S
t
- l chuyn ng chy dao dc trc khi ct bnh bng phng
php chy dao tip tuyn ( hnh f ).
Nh vy ta phi c khu iu chnh i
s
vo xch chy dao thnh lp
c s cu trc ca my trng hp ny.
Cc s cu trc my nh ( hnh g,h ).
Khi ct bnh vt bng phng php chy dao tip tuyn th chuyn
ng quay ca dao v quay ca phi l chuyn ng nhc li s n khp ca
trc vt bnh vt.
Chuyn ng chy dao ca vt me mang bn dao ( S
t
) nhc li s n
khp ca bnh rng thanh rng do phi phi quay thm 1 lng l n
t
do
xch vi sai m nhim.
m rng v thay i lng chy dao tip tuyn trn s cu trc
ng hc ta b tr thm khu iu chnh i
0
. Nh vy c cc yu cu ca
my ta chn phng n b tr ng hc ( hnh d ).
Hip
S
k

n
d
n
f
n
f
n
t
9
8
7
i
S
6
i
0
5
15
4
Hnh - h
12
i
x
i
y
S
k

n
f
9
8 7
i
S
6
i
x
5
10
Hnh - g
i
V
i
0
S
t
S
K
S
i
S
i
x
12
8
7
M
n
d
10
11
4
3 2
1
9
i
y
14
13
6
5
15

S cu trc ng hc my phay ln rng
S
t

n
d
n
f
Hnh - f
Hnh - e
Hip
n
d
n
f
n
t
9
8
7
i
S
6
i
0
5
15
4
Hnh - h
12
i
x
i
y
S
t
S
k

n
d
n
f
9
8 7
i
S
6
i
x
5
10
T
Hnh - g
i
V
i
0
S
t
S
K
S
i
S
i
x
12
8
7
M
n
d
10
11
4
3 2
1
9
i
y
14
13
6
5
15

4
10 11
13 14
T ta thnh lp c s cu trc ng hc ton my gm cc
xch lin kt trong, ngoi v cc khu iu chnh nh sau:
Hip
i
V
i
0
S
t
S
K
S
i
S
i
x
12
8
7
M
n
d
10
11
4
3 2
1
9
n
f
n
t
i
y
14
13
6
5
15

16
17
18 19
20
Vi s cu trc trn ta c cc thnh phn lng di ng tnh ton
v cng thc iu chnh nh sau:
1- Chuyn ng quay ca dao (Xch tc )
Chuyn ng ca nhng khu cui cng l trc ng c quay v dao
quay. Lng di ng tnh ton :
n
c
( vg/ph ) n
d
( vg/ph ).
Phng trnh cn bng :
n
c
. i
12
. i
v
. i
34
= n
d
.
Cng thc iu chnh :
dc
d
dc
n
n
y
i i n
d v
C n i . .
34 12
. .
1

2- Xch bao hnh ( Xch to ng thn khai )
Xch ny lin h gia chuyn ng quay ca phi v dao.
+) Lng di ng tnh ton:
1 vng dao K/Z vng phi BR.
+) Phng trnh cn bng:
1.i
45
.i
.i
67
.i
x
.i
89
= K/Z.
+) Cng thc iu chnh:
i
x
= C
x
.K/Z
3- Xch n dao
Trong xch chuyn ng ca nhng khu cui cng l bn my quay,
cn dao dch chuyn thng ng. Lng di ng tnh ton:
1vng bn my S
d
dch chuyn thng ng.
+) Phng trnh cn bng: 1.i
9-10
.i
s
.i
11-12
.i
12-16
= S
d
.
+) Cng thc iu chnh:
Hip
i
s
= C
s
. S
d
.
4- Xch vi sai ( xch to thnh ng xon vt )
a. Khi ct bnh rng nghing
Lng di ng tnh ton:
1 vng phi
t
Z/K S
/T
1.i
9-10
.i
s
.i
11-12
.i
12-13
.i
y
.i
14-15
.i
=
t
Z/K S
/T
i
y
=
t
C
y
. Sin/(m
n
.K.)
b. Khi c chuyn ng chy dao tip tuyn ct bnh vt
Lng di ng tnh ton:
Dao dch chuyn mt lng
vm
t
t
m .
dc trc th phi quay 1/Z
phi
(vng phi). Ta c phng trnh cn bng :
p vm
t
Z
y
t
m
i i i i i i
1
9 8 7 6
15
14 13 12
.
. . . . . . .

Thay cc gi tr bit vo phng trnh trn ta c:

K m y y
d
C i
.
1
.
Hip
PHN :II
XC NH C TRNG
C BN MY
Hip
I - C TRNG V CNG NGH
My phay ln rng l loi my chuyn dng gia cng bnh vt,
bnh rng tr rng thng, rng nghing.
Phi gia cng l phi tr c ng knh ln nht:
D
max
= 800mm.
Vt liu gia cng trn my: Thp, gang, ng v cht do. Dao c
s dng l dao phay trc vt, dao bay.
II - C TRNG V KCH THC
+) ng knh ln nht ca bnh rng gia cng:
D
max
= 800mm.
+) Modul ln nht ca bnh rng c ct:
m
max
= 10mm.
+) Gc nghing ln nht ca bnh rng gia cng:
= t 60
0
T cc thng s trn tra bng - 50 [1]
+) Modul nh nht ca bnh rng gia cng:
m
min
= m
max
/R
m
R
m
= 3,5 5
Chn R
m
=5 nn m
min
= 2 mm.
Ta c thng s ca dao l:
D
dmin
= 50 mm ; D
dmax
= 200 mm.
Z
dmax
= 12.
III - C TRNG V NG HC
1 - Xch tc
Tc ct gii hn c chn cn c vo cc ti liu thng k. Tham
kho ti liu cho i vi my chun khi phay ln rng, tc ct c th
s dng theo bng 68 [6] . i vi vt liu dao l thp gi:
Hip
Vn tc ln nht : V
max
= 50 m/f
V
min
= 16 m/f
Phm vi iu chnh tc :

R
V
V
v

max
min
,
50
16
3125
Phm vi iu chnh ng knh ca dao:

R
D
D
d

max
min
200
50
4

Vt liu Vn tc ct (m/f)
Th Tinh
Gang
16 20 20 25
Thp
b
< 60(kg/mm
2
) 25 28 20 25
Thp
b
> 60(kg/mm
2
) 20 25 25 30
ng
25 40 25 40
Cht do
25 50 25 50
Vy phm vi iu chnh s vng quay trc chnh ca dao l :
R
n
= R
v
.R
d
= 3,125.4 = 12,5.
S vng quay nh nht ca trc dao l :

n
V
D
v ph
d
min
min
max
,
, ( / )

1000 1000 16
314 200
25 5
Trong thc t, s vng quay nh nht t c s dng. Nu dao phay

trc vt lm bng thp gi Coban th c th tng tc ct 1 n 2 ln, vy :
n
min
= (1 2) . 25,5 = 25,5 51 v/p
Ly n
min
= 50 v/ph. Khi s vng quay trc chnh dao c phm vi
iu chnh:
R
n
= 12,5. 1/2 =6,25.
Chn cng bi :
tn tht nng sut khng i khi gia cng phi c ng knh khc
nhau ta chn chui s vng quay trc chnh l chui s nhn. Tra bng: 6-2
Hip
[4] . Chn cng bi tiu chun. My thit k l my phay ln rng nn
chn =1,26.
Khi s tc ca my thit k l:

Z
R
n
+ +
lg
lg
lg ,
lg ,
1
6 25
1 26
1 9
Ly theo bng 5 [1] . Ta c chui s vng quay tiu chun sau:
50 ; 63 ; 80 ; 100 ; 125 ;160 ; 200 ; 250 ; 315 (v/f).
2- Xch chy dao
My b tr 3 xch chy dao. Xch chy dao thng ng, xch chy dao
tip tuyn v xch chy dao hng knh. Vi lng chy dao S
, S
v
, S
t
,
c xc lp theo yu cu bng v chnh xc ca chi tit gia cng.
a) Xch chy dao thng ng
Theo nguyn l ct, khi ct th lng chy dao t 2 n 3mm/v (vt
liu phi , gang ,thep, ng). Khi ct tinh lng chy dao t 0,8 n 1,5
mm/v. Lng chy dao ny qu b nn d xy ra hin tng trt dao.
Chiu su ct c xc nh theo modul ca bnh rng cn gia cng.
i vi cc bnh rng c modul nh hn 10 mm th ta cho mt hnh trnh
ct ht chiu su. i vi bnh rng c m > 10mm (vt liu bnh rng l
gang ) v m > 8mm (vt liu l thp ) th ct 2 hnh trnh. Hnh trnh u ct
theo chiu su t = 1,4 mm hnh trnh sau ct ht phn cn li.
Vi vt liu gia cng l cht do th lng chy dao c th chn ln
hn. Theo my chun c lng chy dao cho my thit k l.
S
min
= 0,8 mm/v ; S
max
= 5 mm/v.
Vy:
R
S
S
sd
d
d

max
min
,
,
5
0 8
6 25
khng ch tn tht my khng i, v c c tc v lng
chy dao ta chui chy dao l chui cp s nhn vi
s
= 1,26.
Ta c chui cp chy dao ng l:
Zs
R
sd
+ +
lg
lg
lg ,
lg ,
1
6 25
1 26
1 9
Hip
Lng chy dao ng:
0,8 ; 1 ; 1,26 ; 1,58 ; 2 ; 2,52 ; 3,2 ; 4 ; 5 (mm/v)
b) Xch chy dao hng knh
gia cng bnh vt bng chy dao hng knh, trong my b tr xch
chy dao hng knh c ni t xch chy dao dc. Theo my chun ta
chn lng chy dao hng knh ca my l 1/3 lng chy dao ng. Khi
ta c lng chy dao hng knh l:
0,27 ; 0,34 ; 0,43 ; 0,54 ; 0,68 ; 0,85 ; 1,08 ; 1,36 ; 1,7(mm/v).
c) Xch chy dao tip tuyn
ct bnh bt bng phng php chy dao tip tuyn v ct bnh
rng bng phng php chy dao ng cho. My cn b tr xch chy dao
tip tuyn. Lng chy dao ph thuc vo gc nghing ca bnh rng v s
rng ca bnh vt khi gia cng.
d) Xch chy dao nhanh
gim thi gian ph cc hnh trnh chy khng, trn my b tr
xch chy dao nhanh cho chy dao hng knh v chy dao thng ng
lng dch chuyn c th ly bng 0,1 0,6m/ph. Theo my chun chn
lng dch chuyn nhanh ca bn my l 0,17m/ph. Dch chuyn nhanh ca
bn trt dao l 0,55m/ph. Dch chuyn nhanh ca trc g dao dc theo trc
dao l 0,13 m/ph.
IV - C TRNG V NG LC HC MY
+) c trng v ng lc hc my c xc nh theo ch ct tnh
ton c ti trng v cng sut ln nht. Cng sut ct c th tnh theo 2
phng php:
Hip
1 -Theo nguyn l ct
+)Cng sut ct c tnh theo cng thc:
N
C V S m
KW
c
p
x y
.
( ).
60 120
Tra bng 112 [6] C
p
= 30 y = 1 x = 0,75
Vt liu gia cng l thp:
Lng chy dao : S
*
= 0,7 . S
max
=0,7 . 5 = 3,5 mm/vg.
Vn tc ct : V = 20 m/ph.
Modul : m = 10 mm.
ng knh dao : D
d
= D
dmax
= 200 mm.
S u mi dao phay : k = 1.
S rng ca bnh rng gia cng : Z = 12.
N KW
c

30 20 3 5 10
102 60
5 81
0 75
,
, ( )
,
2 -Theo nguyn l n hi
Lc ct c tnh theo cng thc:
P
z
= k(a + 0,4c). b.
Trong : k: c tnh ca vt liu ct . Vi thp 40X v 40XH
Chn : k =1800N/mm
a: Chiu su ct.
b: Chiu di lp ct .
c: mn ln nht cho php ca dao theo mt sau:
Chn: c = 0,6mm (bng II 3 [1] ).
Vi phng php gia cng ny thi tr s ca a, b lun bin i. Do
tnh ton ta xc nh tr s trung bnh ca chng:
b
tb
= 3,14 . m/ 2 = 3,14 .10/ 2 = 15,7 mm
a
tb
=F .S / D . .n
lc
.l
cd
(mm)
F: Din tch tit din rnh rng ca ton b bnh rng
F = 3,14.m.z = 3,14.100.12 = 3768 mm
Hip
S: Lng chy dao. S =3,5 mm/vg
n
lc
: S lt ct sau mt vng quay ca phi . Khi phi quay c mt
vng th dao quay c 12 vng . Vy s lt ct l:
n
lc
= 12.12 = 144
l
cd
: Chiu di ct:
l
cd
= R R
d d
2 2
2 25 ( , ) = 9
: S rng ng thi tham gia ct c quy c trn hnh tr chia
ca dao vi trc ngoi ca phi:
= L/T = L /3,14 .m
L =2.
D D
m
c c
2 2
2 2
_
,
_
,
D
c
: ng knh ngoi ca phi.
D
c
= Z .m + 2 . m = (12 + 2 ) . 10 = 140 mm
L = 72,1 mm
Vy =72,1/3,14.10 = 2,3 rng.
a
tb
= 0,04 mm
Lc ct tnh cho mt rng
P
z1
= k(a + 0,4c) b = 1800(0,04 + 0,4.0,6).15,7 = 1912,8 N
Vy P
z
= .P
z1
= 18120 N
Chn vn tc khi ct th v vt liu thp: V
c
= 25 m/ph
Ta c : P
z
.V
c
/ 60.1000 = 6,04 KW
Chn hiu sut truyn dn:
= 0,83 0 [4]
n
c
= K
s
.n
c
/ =1,02.6,04 / 0,83 =7.42 KW
K
s
= 0,2 : H s k n cng sut chy dao.
Da vo cng sut ng c tnh ton, tra bng 3-P4 [7] - chn ng c
kiu A02 51-4 c:
N = 7,5KW; n = 1460 v/p; i = 0.23 ; M
bd
/M
dm
= 1,8.
Hip
PHN :III
TNH TON NG HC
MY
Hip
VII VI IV III V II I
i
1
i
9
i
10
i
8
i
7
i
5
i
4
i
3
i
2
I - HP TC
V my thit k l my chuyn dng, chi tit c gia cng hng lot.
Do ta s dng hp tc dng bnh rng thay th.
Hp tc dng bnh rng thay th c u , nhc im sau:
+ Kch thc chiu trc nh.
+ S cp bnh rng thay th khng hn ch, n ch b gii hn
bi t s truyn.
+ Phm vi iu chnh ca nhm l: R
p
= i
max
/i
min
= 16 20:
- Nu phm vi truyn dn khng vt qu R
p
th vic iu chnh
s vng quay ch cn tin hnh vi mt nhm truyn. Nh th kt cu truyn
dn s n gin.
+ Kh nng ng cn tc lm gy bnh rng khng c do
khng phi dng c cu hm no c.
+ Vic iu chnh my chm chp l nhc im gy ra do ta
s dng cp bnh rng thay th. Nhng ta li gia cng mt l sn phm nn
thi gian ph l qu nh so vi thi gian chy my. Do khng nh
hng n nng sut my.
1- Chn dng kt cu
Ta c :
8 , 50
26 , 1
8
2
2

i
R
Phm vi iu chnh R
n
= 6,25 < 50,8. Do ta s dng kt cu truyn
dn n gin.
2 - Chn phng n kt cu
V s dng bnh rng thay th nn ta s dng phng n cu trc
Z = 1 9 1
Hip
i
1
i
9
i
10
i
8
i
7
i
5
i
4
i
3
i
2
thi vng quay : Khi ta v th s vng quay ta phi ch n
chiu ngang ca hp khng c qu ln, ta hn ch t s truyn trong cc
nhm:
i
min
= 1/4 < i < 4 = i
max
Cn tn cng cc tia trong nhm truyn cng i xng cng tt
gim chiu ngang ca nhm v ton b hp .
T s truyn ai nh hn 2,5. T ng c n = 1460 v/ph, ta t cp
bnh rng thay th t trc I v trc II.
T ta c chui s vng quay ca hp tc nh sau: (Hnh v).
Hip
1460(v/f)
2000
(v/ph)
(v/ph)
(v/ph)
(v/ph)
(v/ph)
(v/ph)
(v/ph)
(v/ph)
(v/ph)
315
250
200
160
125
100
80
50
63
i
1
th vng quay my phay ln rng
i
9
i
10
i
8
i
7
i
6
i
5
i
4
i
3
i
2
Trong xch ta b tr mt b truyn ai t trc dng c n trc I v
cc cp bnh rng cn c t s truyn bng 1 i hng truyn chuyn
ng trong khng gian cp bnh rng tr rng nghing hn ch t s
truyn ca cc nhm trong gii hn cho php.
Ta xy dng th s vng quay nh hnh v trn: T th s vng
quay ta xc nh c t s truyn.
i
1
= 1/4 = i
min
= 1/
6
Da vo chui s vng quay ta chn l:
50 ; 63 ; 80 ; 100 ; 125 ; 160 ; 200 ; 250 ; 315 (v/ph).
Ta gi:
i
1
= i
ai
= i
b

i vi lng b th ta cha xt n.
Ly i
10
= 1/
5
Tc l 635 v/p
Khi ta c:
i
2
=
3
= 2 i
5
=
0
= 1 i
8
= 1/
3
= 0,5
i
3
=
2
= 1,58 i
6
= 1/ = 0,79 i
9
= 1/
4
= 0,39
i
4
= = 1,26 i
7
= 1/
2
= 0,63 i
10
= 1/
5
=
0,315
Gi i
1
: L t s truyn ca ai , da vo chui s vng quay trn li
v cc t s truyn trn ta xc nh c tc sau khi qua ai t ng c
n trc i l 635v/ph.
i
1
= 6,35/1460 = 0,43
Hip
3 - Tnh ton b truyn
Tnh b truyn bnh rng thay th:
i
2
= 2 = 58/29 a
2
+b
2
=87 = 29.3
i
3
= 1,58 53/34 a
3
+ b
3
=87 = 29.3
i
4
= 1,26 49/38 a
4
+ b
4
= 87 =29.3
i
5
= 1 44/43 a
5
+ b
5
=87 =29.3
i
6
= 0,79 38/49 a
6
+ b
6
=87 =29.3
i
7
= 0,63 34/53 a
7
+b
7
=87 =29.3
i
8
= 0,5 29/58 a
8
+b
8
= 87 =29.3
i
9
= 0,39 23/64 a
9
+b
9
= 87 = 29.3
i
10
= 0,315 21/66a
10
+ b
10
= 87 = 29.3
Vy ta c bi s chung nh nht ca : aj + bj = 87.
Ta thy bnh rng nh nht trong nhm bnh rng ch ng l: Z
min
= 18
Z
10
=a
10
.E
min
.K/ (a
10
+b
10
) > 18 chn E
min
= 1. T ta c
Z
10
= 21 Z'
10
= 66 Z
9
= 24 Z'
9
= 63
Z
8
= 29 Z'
8
= 58 Z
7
= 34 Z'
7
= 53
Z
6
= 38 Z'
6
= 49 Z
5
= 44 Z'
5
= 43
Z
4
= 49 Z'
4
= 38 Z
3
= 34 Z'
3
= 53
Z
2
= 58 Z'
2
= 29
Tnh ton b truyn cui cng ca xch tc my lm vic t b
rung ng nn b truyn ny ta chn cp bnh rng nghing c gc
nghing = 18
0
. Modul dc trc m = 4 mm.
Ta c : i
11
= 1/4 = Z
11
/Z
11
= 17/68.
Chn Z
11
= 17 ; Z
11
= 68.
4 - Kim tra sai s vng quay
Trong qu trnh tnh ton s rng do phn tch t s truyn c sai s
lm trn s rng Z c tnh.
Hip
Tn s quay ca trc chnh c th sai lch so vi tn s quay tiu
chun. V vy ta phi kim tra sai s vng quay ri so snh vi s vng quay
cho php:
Sai s cho php xc nh theo cng thc:
[
n
] = 10( - 1) % = 10( 1,26 - 1) % = 2,6%
Sai s tng i phi m bo
n
< [
n
].
Hay :
n n
n
tt tc
tc
< [
n
].
Ta lp bng kim tra sai s vng quay :
STT Phng trnh truyn dn n
tc
(v/f) n
tt
(v/f)
%
1
635.
58
29
.1.1.1.
17
68
315 317,5 0,79
2
635.
53
34
.1.1.1.
17
68
250 247,75 - 0,89
3
635.
49
38
.1.1.1.
17
68
200 204,7 2,3
4
635.
44
43
.1.1.1.
17
68
160 162,4 1,53
5
635.
38
49
.1.1.1.
17
68
125 123,1 -1,68
6
635.
34
53
.1.1.1.
17
68
100 101,1 1,8
7
635.
29
58
.1.1.1.
17
68
80 79,31 -0,78
8
635.
24
63
.1.1.1.
17
68
63 60,47 2
9
635.
21
66
.1.1.1.
17
68
50 50,51 1
Hip
i
13
i
o
i
1
i
10
i
8
i
9
i
7
i
5
i
4
i
3
i
2
i
6
Vy sai s vng quay thc so vi sai s vng quay tiu chun nm
trong gii hn cho php .
II - THIT K XCH CHY DAO
1 -Xch chy dao dc
bin chuyn ng quay thnh chuyn ng tnh tin dc ca bn
dao, ta s dng c cu vt me ai c c bc t = 10 mm.
Nh phn tch chn phng n thay i tc ca xch tc , xch
chy dao ta cng s dng bnh rng thay th. Ta cng c :
R
s
= 6,25 nn hp chy dao ta s dng cp bnh rng thay th
(R
s
<16).
Ta c chui vng quay ca trc vt me nh sau:
n = S/T (v/1vph) n
5
= 0,2 (v/vphi)
n
1
= 0,08 (v/1vph) n
6
= 0,25(v/1vph)
n
2
= 0,1 (v/1vph) n
7
= 0,32(v/1vph)
n
3
= 0,126(v/1vph) n
8
= 0,4(v/1vph)
n
4
= 0,158(v/1vph) n
9
= 0,5(v/1vph)
+) Ta xy dng th vng quay ca trc vt me tnh s rng ca
cp bnh rng thay th, ta chn li vng quay ca trc vt me hon ton i
xng nhm mun cho cc cp bnh rng thay th c s dng hai ln, mt
ln to t s truyn i, mt ln to t s truyn 1/i.
Lp bng ta c:
i
1
= 96 i
5
= 0,79 i
9
= 2 i
13
= 1/24
i
2
= 0,39 i
6
= 1 i
10
= 2,52
i
3
= 0,5 i
7
= 1,26 i
11
= 39/65
i
4
= 0,63 i
8
= 1,58 i
12
= 10/9
+) i vi cc cp bnh rng thay th ca xch ny ta kt hp vi xch
chy dao hng knh cho tnh ton n gin hn v cng gip cho vic
bo qun, ch to bnh rng thay th ca hai xch ny d dng hn, trnh
nhm ln v la chn d khi s dng.
T trn ta c th vng quay trc vt me nh sau:(Hnh v).
Hip
i
13
i
o
i
1
i
10
i
8
i
9
i
7
i
5
i
4
i
3
i
2
i
6
Hip
th vng quay xch chy dao ng.
0,50
0,40
0,32
0,25
0,20
1vphi
0,158
0,128
0,08
0,10
i
13
i
o
i
1
i
10
i
8
i
9
i
7
i
5
i
4
i
3
i
2
i
6
2 -Xch chy dao hng knh
Nh ta bit xch chy dao ng ta s dng cc cp bnh rng
thay th ca xch chy dao ng cho xch chy dao hng knh ny:
Tra bng 70 - X [6] : Ta c.
S
kmax
= 1,7 mm/v ; S
kmin
= 1,7/6,25 = 0,27 mm/v.
Da vo chui vng quay tiu chun ta chn chui vng quay :
S
k1
= 0,27 mm/v S
k6
= 0,85 mm/v
S
k2
= 0,34 mm/v
S
k7
= 1,08 mm/v
S
k3
= 0,43 mm/v
S
k8
= 1,36 mm/v
S
k4
= 0,54 mm/v
S
k9
= 1,7 mm/v
S
k5
= 0,68 mm/v
Chn vt me chy dao hng knh c bc t = 10mm , ta c chui
vng quay ca trc vt me:
n
1
= 0,027 (v/f) n
6
= 0,085 (v/f)
n
2
= 0.034 (v/f) n
7
= 0.108 (v/f)
n
3
= 0,043 (v/f) n
8
= 0,136 (v/f)
n
4
= 0,054 (v/f) n
9
= 0,17 (v/f)
n
5
= 0,068 (v/f)
th chy dao ca xch chy dao hng knh l:
i
0
= 96/1 i
8
= 1,58 i
5
= 0,19
i
1
= 1/13 i
9
= 2 i
6
= 1
i
2
= 0,39 i
10
= 2,5 i
7
= 1,26
i
3
= 0,5 i
11
= 39/65 i
13
= 3/5
i
4
= 0,63 i
12
= 9/10 i
14
= 1/36
Tnh ton b truyn cho xch chy dao:
Tnh ton b truyn bnh rng thay th .
Hip
VIII VII VI IV III V II I
i
10
i
8
i
9
i
7
i
5
i
4
i
3
i
2
i
6
i
11
i
13
i
14
i
12
i
1
=2,25 17/7 a
1
= b
1
= 24 = 3.2
3
i
2
= 2 = 2/1 a
2
+ b
2
= 3
i
3
= 1,58 11/7 a
3
+ b
3
= 18 = 2.3
2
i
4
= 1,26 53/43 a
4
+ b
4
= 96 = 3.2
5
i
5
= 1 = 1/1 a
5
+ b
5
= 2
i
6
= 0,8 43/53 a
6
+ b
6
=96 =3.2
5
i
7
= 0,63 3/5 a
7
+b
7
= 8 = 2
3
i
8
= 0,5 =1/2 a
8
+b
8
= 3
i
9
= 0,39 = 7/17 a
9
+b
9
= 24 = 3.2
3
K = 3
2
.2
5
= 288
Ta thy K ln hn l do cp bnh rng c t s truyn:
i
3
= 1,58=11/7.
th vng quay xch chy dao hng knh nh hnh v:
Hip
i
10
i
8
i
9
i
7
i
5
i
4
i
3
i
2
i
6
i
11
i
13
i
14
i
12
Lng chy dao:
Hip
0,170
0,136
0,100
0,085
0,068
0,054
0,043
0,027
0,039
th vng quay xch chy hng knh
i
10
i
8
i
9
i
7
i
5
i
4
i
3
i
2
i
6
i
11
i
13
i
14
i
12
i
1
i
0
S
d
= 3,2 mm/v
S
k
= 0,1 mm/v
C th b qua khng cn dng. Mt khc phn tch li t s truyn ta
c s sai s qu ln do ta c th b qua cp bnh rng c t s truyn i =
1,58.
Khi : K =3.8.4 = 96
Chn : Z = 18
Ta thy bnh rng b nht l bnh rng ch ng.Ta c:
a
a b
9
9 9
+
.K.E
min
> 1
7
7 17 +
.96.E
min
> 18
Nn E
min
> 0,64 Chon E
min
= 1
Khi ta c :
Z
1
=
a
a b
1
1 1 +
.K.E
min
=
17
17 7 +
.96.1 = 68 Z
1
=28
Z
2
= a
2
.K.E
min
/a
2
+b
2
= 2.96.1/2+1 = 64 Z
2
= 32
Z
4
= a
4
.K.E
min
/a
4
+b
4
= 53.96.1/53+43 = 53 Z
4
= 43
Z
5
= a
5
.K.E
min
/a
5
+b
5
= 1.96.1/1+1 = 43 Z
5
= 53
Z
6
= a
6
.K.E
min
/a
6
+b
6
= 43.96.1/43+53 = 43 Z
6
= 53
Z
7
= a
7
.K.E
min
/a
7
+b
7
= 3.96.1/3+5 = 36 Z
7
= 60
Z
8
= a
8
.K.E
min
/a
8
+b
8
= 1.96.1/43+53 = 43 Z
8
= 64
Z
9
= a
9
.K.E
min
/a
9
+b
9
= 7.96.1/7+17 = 28 Z
9
= 68
III - THIT K XCH BAO HNH (XCH PHN )
Gi: Z :l s rng ca bnh rng cn ct .
K: l s u mi ca dao phay trc vt.
Xch bao hnh thit k phi m bo lng di ng tnh ton:
Z/K (vng dao) 1 (vng phi).
V K v Z u c th thay i c, do trn xch bao hnh cn phi
b tr cp bnh rng thay th. d dng tnh ton bnh rng thay th trong
xch ta b tr hai cp bnh rng thay th a
x
/b
x
v c
x/
d
x
.
Gi C
x
l t s truyn c nh ta c:
Hip
Z
K
C
a
b
c
d
a
b
c
d
K
Z
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
. . . . . 1 C
x (1)
hn ch kch thc ca my trong my ct ngi ta hn ch t s
truyn ca cc nhm l:
1/4< i < 4
1
16

a
b
c
d
K
Z
x
x
x
x
.
. T (1) ta c:
( )
a
b
c
d
K
Z C
K
Z C
Z
K C
Z
K
K
Z
C
x
x
x
x x x
x
x
. .
.
.
.
.

1 1
16
16
16
1
16
16
2
My thit k c D
max
= 800mm ; m
max
=10mm
m
min
= 2mm
D
max
= (2m + Zm)
Z
max
= D
max
/m
min
- 2 = 388 (rng).
Z
min
= 12 (rng)
s bnh rng i theo my l t nht ta phn thnh hai trng hp:
Trng hp 1: Z 160, s u mi K
max
= 2 ; K
min
= 1
T cng thc (2) ta c:
2
1216
16 2
160
1
812
1
5 .
.
.
C C
x x
thun li cho vic b tr my ta ni xch bao hnh vi xch tc
trc cp bnh rng 68/17.
2
1216
1
4 5
1
96 4
1
20 . . .
' '
C C
x x
tng chnh xc ca bnh rng gia cng ta cn hn ch s
nhm truyn trong xch. Do trong xch ta b tr b truyn trc vt bnh
vt, gn bnh vt vo mm quay ca bn my. hn ch khe h gia bnh
vt v trc vt , ta thit k bnh vt c s rng ln.
T cc phn tch trn ta chn b truyn ny c:
S rng bnh vt Z = 96.
Hip
S u mi trc vt K = 1. T ta c cng thc iu chnh:
Z
K
a
b
c
d
Hay i
a
b
c
d
K
Z
K
Z
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
. . . . . . . .
. . .
.
68
17
29
29
29
29
27
27
33
33
35
35
1
96
1
96
1
17
68
24

x
Trng hp 2: Ct vi bnh rng c Z 160
i vi s rng Z 160 ta c th dng bnh rng thay th dng
vi s rng Z 160, v m rng phm vi iu chnh trong xch b tr
thm cp bnh rng thay th c t s truyn : e/f = 1/4
Ta khng dng bnh rng di trt m dng bnh rng thay th vi
mc ch l lm cho k cu my n gin.
Ta c cng thc iu chnh xch phn :
+) Khi ct bnh rng c Z < 160
i
x
=
a
b
c
d
K
Z
x
x
x
x
.
.
24

+)Khi ct bnh rng c Z > 160.
i
x
=
a
b
c
d
K
Z
x
x
x
x
.
.
48

IV - THIT K XCH VI SAI
T cng thc tnh phn trc (phn cu trc ng hc my) ta
c: i
y
= C
y
.Sin/3,14.K.m
n
y l t s truyn chc bnh rng thay th xch vi sai. d dng
tnh ton bnh rng thay th, ta dng hai cp bnh rng thay th cho xch:
i
y
=
a
b
c
d
x
x
x
x
.
tnh C
y
ta tnh cho trng hp gia cng bnh rng nghing c gc
nghing = 30
0
. Modul trung bnh m
n
= 5,5, K = 1:
Hip
1
16
16
30
16
1
314125 5
16 552 92

a
b
c
d
C
Sin
K m
C
y
y
y
y
y
o
n
y
. .
. .
.
. . . . ,
,

1
16

1
16
2,15 C
y
Chn C
y
= 25
Cng thc iu chnh xch vi sai trong trng hp chy dao ng:
i
a
b
c
d
Sin
m K
y
y
y
y
y n
.
.
. .
25
Lng di ng tnh ton ca xch vi sai l:

1(vng phi T
mm
dch chuyn ln nht ca bn dao
Phng trnh cn bng:
( )
1
1
96
1
2
1 1
24
1
1
1
96
1
24
1
1
2
1
24
2
96
1
. . . . . . . . .
.
.
. .
.
. . . . . .
. . . . .
.
.
'
'
'
d
c
b
a
f
e
i C
d
c
b
a
t T
i
d
c
b
a i
K
Z
K
Z
C
d
c
b
a
t
d
c
b
a
T
t
K
Z
C
Z
Sin
d
c
b
x
x
x
x
vs y
y
y
y
y
vm
vs
x
x
x
x x
y
y
y
y
y
vm
y
y
y
y vm
y
y
y
mm
; ;
f
e

T =
.m
n
y
y
y
y
y
a
C
Sin
Z
C
Sin
Z
C

96
2 24
10
96
2 24
10 25 1 25
. . .
.
.
.
. . ,
'
'
'
.m .m
;
C C
n n
y y
'
Hip
Ta phn tch C
y
thnh cc t s truyn C
y
=
45
1
.
22
33
.
1
24
T s truyn 45/1 l b truyn trc vt bnh vt gn vi v ca c cu
vi sai.
V-THIT K XCH CHY DAO TIP TUYN
Xch chy dao tip tuyn c s dng gia cng bnh vt v bnh
rng bng chy dao ng cho.
Tra bng (X- 70) [6] ta c lng chy dao tip tuyn:
1,1 < S
t
< 1,6
Lng chy dao ny c s dng ct bnh vt. Nhng khi ct
bnh rng bng phng php chy dao ng cho, lng chy dao ny c
th ln hn hoc b hn tu thuc vo gc nghing . V bng b mt
gia cng yu cu da theo my chun 5K32. Ta chn:
0,17 < S
t
< 0,37 (mm/vg)
Xc nh t s truyn ca xch
Lng di ng tnh ton:
1vng phi S
tmm
chy dao dc trc.
Chn vt me chy dao tip tuyn c t = 12 mm.
Phng trnh cn bng ng:
0 17
2
26
39
65
50
40
2
, . . . . . . < 1.
96
1
< 0,37
a
b
i i
k
Ta c: 1/4 < a/b < 2,5
i
k
: T s truyn cn li ca xch 0,006 < i
k
< 0,025
Theo my chun 5K32 ta chn:
i
k
= i
0
.
32
40
2
36
68
40
5
48
. . .
M rng phm vi chy dao tip tuyn ta chn i
0
c 3 t s truyn l:
i
01
= 46/20 ; i
02
= 24/48 ; i
03
= 36/36
Khi ta c i
k
c 3 t s truyn: i
k1
= 0,021
Hip
i
k2
= 0,006 ; i
k3
= 0,012.

VI - THIT K XCH CHY DAO NHANH
Theo my 5K32 ta dng ng c M
2
c:
n
2
= 1420 v/ph ; N = 3KW
ng c c ni vi trc XVIII ca xch chy dao, qua b truyn
xch v b truyn bnh rng Z39/Z38 = 42/52
Tc dch chuyn nhanh ca chy dao dc.
1420.
44 5010
52 4524
. .
. .
= 560 mm/ph
Tc dch chuyn nhanh ca chy dao hng knh.
1420.
44 50 361
52 4560 36
. . .
. . .
.10 = 170mm/ph.
Hip
P
X
n
f
n
d
PHN :IV
TNH TON NG LC
HC MY
Hip
P
X
n
f
n
d
I - XC NH THNH PHN LC
Theo phn c trng v ng lc hc my ta c.
Lc ct Pz ca dao c tnh theo cng thc:
P
Z
= K(a + 0,4c).b = 18120N
Lc php tuyn P
y
:
P
y
=P
N
= K(0,4a + c).b =1800.(0,4.0.04 + 0,6).15,6 =17397N.
Lc ko c cu chy dao: Theo cng thc Rxetop vi:
Q = K
n
.P
x
+ F
P
Z
: L lc ct
P
N
: L lc php tuyn
R : Hp lc
P
x
: Thnh phn lc ct tc dng theo phng chy dao
Vi trng hp phay thun: P
x
= (0,8 0.9).Pz
Vi trng hp phay nghch: P
x
= (1 1,2).Pz
Hip
P
N
P
X
P
C
R
P
Z
n
f
n
d
Lc ct ln nht tc dng ln c cu chy dao:
Phay thun: P
x
= 0,9.Pz = 0,9.18120 = 16308N
Phay nghch: P
x
= 1,2.Pz =1,2.18120 = 21744N
H s nh hng n m men lt, pht sinh do phn b lc chy dao
khng i xng. Vi my phay c sng trt hnh ch nht:
K
n
= 1,1
F = P
c
.f + G ; G = (0,1 0,2).P
z
Vy G = (1812 3624 ) N
H s ma st : f = 0,15
+) i vi phay thun
P
c
=( 0,75 0,8)P
z
. Ly P
c
= 14496 N
+) i vi phay nghch.
P
c
= ( 0,2 0,3 ).P
z
. Ly P
c
= 5436 N
Thay vo trn ta c:
Phay thun : F = 14496.0,15 + 3624 = 5798,4 N
Phay nghch : F = 5436.0,15 - 1812 = - 996,6 N. Vy lc ko ca c
cu chy dao thay vo ta c:
Phay thun : Q = 23737,2 N
Phay nghch : Q = 22921,8 N
Lc ko c cu chy dao nhanh:
Q
nhanh
= G + m.a
a : Gia tc chy dao nhanh : a = 0
Vy : Q
nhanh
= G = 1812 N
II - TNH TON NG HC TRONG THI K N NH
Xch tc :
Ta c N
C
= 0,64 KW
M men xon ln nht c xc nh khi tc dng ln trc chnh c
tnh theo cng thc:
M
x
=
9 5510 9 5510 6 04
50
6
, . . , . . , Nc
n
= 1,75.10
6
Nmm
Hip
Cng sut, m men xon trn trc I ca xch tc c tnh theo
cng thc:
N
j
= N
C
./
jtc
M
xj
= N
C
.i
jtc
/
jtc
Trong :
jtc
=
brj-tc
.
j-tc
Hiu xut ca b truyn t trc j n trc chnh:
br
= 0,96 ;
bv-tv
= 0,76 ;
= 0,99.
Cng sut trc chnh:
N
C
= 6,04 KW
M men xon trn trc chnh:
M
xtc
= 1,75. 16 Nmm
Trc chnh trn bn v c kh hiu l trc VII. Trc chnh l trc
mang dao do yu cu kt cu ca trc chnh ta ch to trc l trc rng.
Ta c l t s truyn gia ng knh ngoi v ng knh trong ca
trc. Chn = 0,5.
+) ng knh s b trc c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
d
VII
=
d
d
4
vi d C
N
n
.
3
(mm)
C : H s tnh ton .Ta chn C = 160
Vy d 160
6 04
50
3
.
,
= 79,2 mm
Nn d
VII
=
79 2
1 0 5
,
,
= 84,48 mm
Chn d
VII
= 85 mm
+) Trn trc VII ta c:
n
Vl
= n
Vll
.68/17 = 200 v/ph
M
Vl
x
= M
VIl
x
/ . 17/68 = 0,31.10
6
(N.mm)
N
Vl
= N
Vll
/ =
6 04
0 96
,
,
= 6,25 (KW)
Hip
Vy : d
Vl
C
N
n
.
3
= 160
6 25
200
3
.
,
= 49 mm.
Chn d
VI
= 50 mm di 300 mm
+) Trn trc V c : N
v
= 6,47 KW M
V
x
= 0,316.10
6
Nmm
Tng t nh trn ta tnh c : d
V
= 52 mm
Chn d
V
= 60 mm
+) Trc IV chu tc dng ca ba ng truyn l xch tc , xch bao
hnh v xch chy dao, v vy ta phi tnh ring m men xon v cng sut
cho tng xch ri cng li.
i vi xch tc :
M
lV
x

= M
IV
x
/ = 0,332.10
6
N.mm
N
lV
= N
V
/ = 6,6 KW
ng knh s b trc c tnh ton sau khi cng cng sut c 3
xch li.
Tnh modul s b ca cc trc truyn ca xch:
Trong qu trnh thit k ng lc hc. Do yu cu phi m bo cc t
s truyn m bo tt vng quay ca trc chnh do s rng Z ca b
truyn c chn trc, nn ta phi tnh modul s b ca cc b truyn:
m
Sb

[ ]
19 1 10
3
6
0
,
"

K N
y Z
m u

(mm)
hoc
m
i
i
M
Z
sb

+
0 2
1
3
2
,
(mm)
i = Z
2
/Z
1
= n
1
/n
2
.
Trong :
M: M men xon ca bnh rng b.
Z : S rng ca bnh rng b.
m
= b/m = 8 chn l chiu di tng i ca rng. Vt liu bnh
rng l thp 40X.
M dun ca b truyn trc VI n trc VII:
i = Z
54
/Z
53
= 68/17 = 4
M = 0,3 . 10
3
N.mm
Hip
m
sb

5
4
0 3 10
17
3
3 4
3
2
,
, mm
Chn modul b truyn m = 4 mm.
Modul b truyn bnh rng nn t trc V n trc VI:
m
sb

[ ]
19 1 10
0 85
6
3
,
, "

K N
y Z n
m u

(mm)
Trong :
K = 1,4
n : S vng quay trong mt pht ca bnh rng ang tnh.
y : H s dng rng y = 0,49.
Z : S rng ca bnh rng Z = 29.

m
: Chiu di tng i ca bnh rng ly
m
= 10 mm.
: H s kh nng ti. Vi b truyn bnh rng nn, rng thng
ly = 1. Vi b truyn bnh rng nn rng nghing ta chn = 1,5.
m
tb
: Modul trung bnh trn tit din trung bnh. Vi cp bnh rng
ny : Z = 29 , N = 6,47 KW
[
u
] =
1
n k .
-1
: Gii hn chu k mch ng
-1
= ( 0,4 0,45 ) .
br
Chn
-1
= 0,4.
br
Vt liu bnh rng l thp 40 X :
br
= 750 N/mm
2
.
n : H s an ton . n = 1,8 ( ph thuc vo c tnh ca thp)
k
: H s tp trung ng sut chn rng ph thuc vo c tnh ca

thp k
= 1,2
u
=
30015
181 2
. ,
, . ,
= 208,3 N/mm
2
m
tb

19 1 10 1 4 6 47
0 85 0 49 29 200 10 15 208 3
3
2 89
6
, , ,
, , , ,
,

mm
m
s
= m
tb
+ b.Sin/Z = 2,89 + (30 .Sin45
0
) / 29 = 3,62 mm
Chn m
s
= 4 mm
Hip
Tng t vi bnh rng gia trc IV n trc V ta cng tnh c: m
s
= 4 mm.
III - TNH TON NG LC HC CHO THI K N NH XCH
CHY DAO
A - XCH CHY DAO NG
1 - Tnh cng sut v m men trn cc trc ca xch chy dao ng
T lc ko c cu chy dao l:
Q = 23737,2 N
C th xc nh c m men xon trn trc vt me ng theo cng
thc.
M
vm
x
=
( )
P t
N mm
vm
.
. .
, .
. , . ,
, . .
2
23737 210
2 314 0 5
36 510
3

Trong : t - L bc vt me t = 10mm ;
vm
= 0,5
Cng sut tnh ton trn trc vt me chy dao ng l:
N = M
vm
.n
vm
/9,55.10
6
(KW).
Trong : n
vm
= 0,35 v/1v.phi
n
d
= 50 v/ph
n
f
= n
d
.K/Z = 50.1/12 = 4,17 v/ph
N
vm
= 36,5.10
3
.1,46 / 9,55.10
6
= 0,006 KW
+) Cng sut trn trc XX:
N
XX
= N
vm
/ = 0,006/0,93 = 0,0064 KW
M
XX
x
= M
vm
x

.i/ = 24.36,5.10
3
/0,93.1 = 1,64.10
3
Nmm.
n
XX
= 1,64.24 = 35 v/ph
+) Trn trc XIX:
N
XIX
= N
XX
/ = 0,0064/0,93 = 0,0068 KW
M
(XIX)
x
= M
(XX)
x

/ = 1,64.10
3
/0,93 = 1,74.10
3
Nmm.
n
XIX
= n
XX
.i = 35.1 = 35 v/ph.
+) Trn trc XVIII:
N
XVIII
= N
XIX
/ = 0,0072 KW
Hip
M
x(XVIII)
= M
x(XIX)
.50/.45 = 2,05.10
3
Nmm
n
XVIII
= n
XIX
.i = 35.45/50 = 31,5 v/ph
+) Trn trc XVI:
Qua b truyn s dng khi phay nghch 42/37 ta tnh c cng sut,
m men v tc trn trc XVI.
N
XVI
= N
XVII
/ = 0,008 KW
M
x(XVI)
= M
x(XVII)
/ .
39
65
= 1,36 . 10
3
Nmm.
n
XVI
= n
XVII
.65/39 = 52,5 v/ph
Vi tc vng quay ca phi l 4,17 v/ph th ta c tc quay ca
trc XIII l:
n
XIII
= 4,17.96 = 400,3 v/ph.
Trc XI quay cng tc vi trc XIII nn:
n
XI
= n
XIII
= 400,3 v/ph
Trc XII:
n
XII
= n
XIII
. 2/26 = 400,3.(2/26) = 30,8 v/ph.
M
x(XII)
= M
x(XVI)
/.64/32 = 3.10
3
Nmm
N
XII
= N
XII
. = 0,009 KW.
Trc XI chu tc dng ca hai ng truyn l xch chy dao v xch
bao hnh. Do m men v cng sut l tng hai xch trn. Xch chy dao:
N
XI
= N
XII
/ = 0,01 KW.
M
x(XI)
= M
x(XII)
/.(2/26) = 0,26.10
3
Nmm.
n
XI
= 400,3 v/ph.
2- Xc nh ng knh v modul cc b truyn trong xch chy dao
ng.
Modul s b cc bnh rng tr c xc nh theo cng thc:
m
sb
0,2.
i M
Z
+
1
1
3
2
.
(mm)
+) Modul s b ca b truyn gia trc XIX v trc XX:
i =1 ; Z = 45 ; M =1,74 .10
3
Nmm
Hip
m
sb
0,2.
2
1
1 7410
45
3
3
2
, .
= 2,46 mm
chn m
sb
= 2,5 mm.
+) Modul s b ca b truyn XVIII n XIX :
i = 45/50 = 0,9 ; M = 2,05.10
3
N.mm
m
sb
0,2.
1 9
0 9
2 0510
45
3
3
2
,
,
, .
= 2,00 mm .
Chn m
sb
= 2,5mm.
+) Modul s b ca b truyn bnh rng thay th:
i = 32/64 = 0,5 M = 3.10
3
Nmm
m
sb
0,2 .
15
0 5
310
32
3
3
2
,
,
.
= 2,43 mm
Chn m
sb
= 2,5mm
+) Modul b truyn trc vt bnh vt, gia trc XI v trc XII. Chn
vt liu trc vt l thp 45 ta c:
[
tx
] = 180.0,8 = 144 N/mm
2
.
Z =26 ; M
x(XI)
= 0,26.10
3
Nmm
Modul m v h s ng knh q c xc nh theo cng thc :
m.
3
q
1 45 10
3
6
2
,
[ ]
.
tx
Z
K N
n
_
,
(*)
Vi : N = 0,009 KW ; n = 30,8 v/ph; Z = 26 ; K = 1,2
Thay cc gi tr vo cng (*) thc ta c:
m.
3
q
7,4 chn = 8 . Tra bng 4-6 [7].
C m = 3,5 mm ; q = 12
+) Modul ca b truyn trc vt bnh vt gia trc vt me chy dao dc
XX:
Chn vt liu ca cp b truyn trc vt bnh vt nh trn :
N = 0,006 KW ; n = 1,46 v/ph ; Z = 24 (rng)
Thay tt c cc s liu trn vo cng thc (*) ta c:
Hip
m.
3
q
6,7 . Ly = 6,9
Tra bng 6-4 [7] c: m = 3 mm ; q = 12
Xc nh ng knh s b ca cc trc thuc xch:
Theo cng thc:
d
Mx
x
0 2
3
, .[ ]
. Vi [
x
] = 20 N/mm
2
+) ng knh trc vt me XXI:
M
x
= 36,5.10
3
Nmm
d
XXI

36 510
0 2 20
3
3
, .
, .
= 20,9 mm
V trc ny l trc vt me, nn m bo cng ta chn:
d
XXI
= 45 mm , di trc l = 930 mm
+) ng knh trc XX:
M
XX
= 1,64.10
3
Nmm
d
XX
=
16410
0 2 20
3
3
, .
, .
= 7,43 mm
V trc ny c then hoa nn ta chn d
XX
= 40 mm chiu di trc l 650
mm.
+) ng knh trc XIX:
M
XIX
= 1,74.10
3
Nmm
d
XIX
= 7,6 mm
Chn d
XIX
= 30 mm ; chiu di l = 200 mm
+) ng knh trc XVIII : c M
XVIII
= 2,02.10
3
Nmm
d
XVIII
= 8 mm.
Chn d
XVIII
= 40 mm. Chiu di l = 1000 mm
+) ng knh trc XVI:
M
x
= 1,36.10
3
N mm
d
XVI
= 7 mm
Chn d
XVI
= 40 mm. Chiu di l = 450 mm
Hip
B - XCH CHY DAO HNG KNH
1 -Xc nh lc ko chy dao
Nh trn phn tch, thnh phn lc ct tc dng theo phng
hng knh l P
c
.
-) Khi phay nghch: P
c
= 5436 N
-) Khi phay thun : P
c
= 14496 N
Theo Rexetop lc ko chy dao vi bn my sng trt ui n c
xc nh:
Q
k
= K.P
c
+f(P
x
+ G) (**)
Trong :
+) P
x
: Lc gy ra p lc ma st trn sng trt.
Phay thun : P
x
= 16308 N
Phay nghch: P
x
= 21744 N
+) G : Trng lng phn di chuyn da theo kch thc bn my v
sng trt, tnh s b : G = 3624 N
K = 1,4 f = 0,15
Thay tt c tr s trn vo cng thc (**). Ta c:
Phay thun : Q
k
=1,4.14496+0,15(16308 + 3624) =23284,2 N
Phay nghch:Q
k
= 1,4.5436 + 0,15(21744 + 3624) = 11415,6 N
2 - Xc nh m men xon trn trc.
Ta c cng thc: M
X
=
Q T
i vm vm
.
. , . . 2 314
+) Trn trc XXIII:

M
x(XXIII)
=
Q T
k k
vm
.
. , . 2 314
=
23284 210
2 314 0 5
, .
. , . ,
= 74,15.10
3
Nmm.
ng knh s b trc:
d
XXIII

74 1510
0 2 20
3
3
, .
, .
= 26,5 mm.
Hip
y l trc vt me, c di l = 500 mm. m bo cng vng
ta chn d
XXIII
= 50 mm.
+) Trn trc XXII:
M
x
XXII
=
M
x
XXIII .

1
36
=
74 151
0 9336
, .
, .
= 2,29 . 10
3
Nmm
d
XXII

2 2910
0 2 20
3
3
, .
, .
= 8,3 mm.
y l trc then hoa di 400 mm, chn d
XXII
= 35 mm.
+) Trn trc XXI:
M
x
XXI
=
M
x
XXI

34
61
= 1,42.10
3
(N.mm)
d
XXII

1 4210
0 2 20
3
3
, .
, .
= 6,9 mm.
y l trc then hoa di 300mm, m bo cng vng chn d
XXI
= 30 mm.
+) Modul s b ca b truyn trc vt.
m q
Z
K M
tx
x
.
, .
[ ].
.
3
6
2
1 4510
9550
3
1
]
1

(mm)
Trong : K = 1,2 ; M
x
=74,15.10
3
Nmm ; Z = 36 (rng)
Chn vt liu bnh vt l BPM 9-4. c trong khun ct c:
bk
= 480 N/mm
2
m:

tx
= 0,8.
bk
= 0,8.480 = 384 N/mm
2
Thay vo ta c : m q .
, .
.
, . ,
3
6
2
1 4510
384 36
1 2 74 15
9550
3
1
]
1
= 6,9 (mm)
Tra bng 4-6 [7] : m = 3 (mm) q = 12. Modul cc b truyn bnh rng
thuc xch, ta thy m men xon trn cc trc XVIII do xch chy dao hng
knh gy ra b hn so vi xch chy dao dc vn c s dng. Ta ch cn
tnh modul cho b truyn gia cc trc XXII, XXI, XXIII.
Xc nh modul s b gia cc trc XXIII v XXI.
Hip
Ta c : m
sb
+
0 2
1
3
2
, .
i
i
M
Z

(mm)

Vi M = 1,29.10
3
Nmm ; Z = 45 (mm) ; i = 1,1
m
sb
0 2
2 1
11
1 2910
45
3
3
2
, .
,
,
, .
= 0,21 mm.
Chn m
sb
= 2,5 mm.
Xc nh modul s b gia b truyn trc XXII v trcXXI :
Ta c Mx = 1,29.10
3
Nmm ; Z = 34 ; i = 1,8
Thay vo ta c:
m
sb

0 2
2 8
18
1 29
34
3
2
,
,
,
,
= 0,24. Chn m
sb
= 2,5 mm.
C - XCH CHY DAO TIP TUYN
1 - Xc nh lc ko ca c cu chy dao.
Theo nguyn l ct ta c:
P
t
= 0,9.P
z
= 0,9.18120 = 16308 N.
P
V
= 0,4.P
z
= 0,4.18120 = 7248 N.
Khi chy dao tip tuyn dao dch chuyn dc trc nh c cu vt me -
ai c. Do lc ko ca c cu chy dao l:
Q = P
T
= 16308 N
Hip
P
t
P
P
v
2 -Tnh m men xon trn cc trc thuc xch.
Ta c cng thc:
M
x
J
=
Q t
i
t vm vm
t vm
.
. . . 2
(mm)
+) Trn trc XXX [ trc vt me ] c t = 12 mm.
M
x
XXX
=
16308
2 314 0 4 . , . ,
= 77,9.10
3
Nmm.
Vy : d
XXX

77 910
0 2 20
3
3
, .
, .
= 27 mm.
lp rp vi trc chnh trc vt me phi ch to rng theo my cng
c: Nn chn d
XXX
= 110mm ; l = 300mm.
+) Trc XXVIII :
M
x
XXVIII
=
77 910 5
48
3
, .
= 9.10
3
Nmm.
d
XXVIII
910
0 2 20
3
3
.
, .
= 13,1 mm . Chn d
XXVIII
= 25mm,
l
XXVIII
= 350 mm.
+) Trc XXVII:
M
x
XXVII
=
910 1
1
3
.
= 10.10
3
Nmm.
d mm
XXVII
10
0 2 20
3
6 4
4
, .
, . Chn d
XXVII
= 40mm,
l
XXVII
= 650 mm.
+) Trc XXVI :
M
XXVI
=
10 68
40
2
36
1 0510
4
3
, . . Nmm
d mm
XXVI
1 0510
0 2 20
3
6 4
3
, .
, .
, Chn d
XXVI
= 40mm,
Hip
l
XXVI
= 650 mm.
+) Trc XXV :
M Nmm
XXV

1 0510 32
40
0 9310
3
3
, .
, . .
d mm
XXV
0 9310
0 2 20
3
6 2
3
, .
, .
, Chn d
XXV
= 40 mm,
l
XXV
= 480 mm.
+) Trc XXIV :
M mm
XXIV

0 9310 46
26
18410
3
3
, .
, . ..
d mm
XXIV
18410
0 2 20
3
7 7
3
, .
, .
, Chn d
XXIV
= 40 mm,
l
XXIV
= 1600 mm.
3 - Modul ca b truyn trong xch.
+) Modul b truyn trc vt bnh vt gia hai trc XXX v XXVIII.
Chn vt liu bnh vt : Bp010 - 1 c :
bk
= 260 N/mm
2
tx
= 0,8.
bk
= 208 N/mm
2
.
Ta c cng thc : m q
Z
K M
tx
.
, .
.( )
.
3
6
2
1 4510
9550
3
1
]
1

(mm)
Trong :
K = 1,2
M = 77,9.10
3
(N.mm)
Z = 4,8 (rng)
Thay cc tr s vo cng thc trn ta c:
m q .
, .
.
, . ,
,
3
6
2
1 4510
36 208
1 2 77 9
9550
3
7 2

1
]
1
(mm)
Hip
P
b
P
x
P
o
Chn q = 8 ; m = 3,5 ; q = 12 ( Bng 4-6-TKCTM )
+) B truyn trc vt : i = 2/36
M = 1,36.10
3
Nmm.
Chn vt liu : Bp010 - 1
Thay v ta c:
m q .
, .
.
, . ,
,
3
6
2
1 4510
36 208
1 21 36
9550
3
4 2

1
]
1
(mm)
V bnh vt c Z = 36 v c trc lun qua do ta tng kch thc
bnh vt bng cc tng modul ca b truyn.
Chn m.
3
q = 5,14 bng 4-4 [7] m = 2,5 (mm);
q = 12.
+) Tnh b truyn bnh rng nn gia trc XXVII v trc XXVIII.
Ta c cng thc ;

[ ]
m
M K
y Z
tb
x
n m
200
0 85
3
. .
, . . . . ' '
(mm)
Trong :
= 1
Chn vt liu l thp 40X ta c:
[
n
] =
15237 5
151 2
197 9
, . ,
, . ,
,
N/mm
2
.
m
= 10
y = 0,49
Z = 29 (rng)
K = 1,4
M = 10
4
Nmm.
Thay cc tr s vo cng thc trn ta c :
m mm
tb

20010 1 4
0 850 49 29197 9101
3
1 018
4
. . ,
, . , . . , . .
, .
M m m
b Sin
Z
s tb
+ +
.
,
.
.
,
1 018
30 2
2 29
1 75 (mm)
Hip
P
b
P
x
P
o
Chn m
s
= 2 mm.
+) Modul ca b truyn bnh rng tr. Z40/Z68.
Chn vt liu thp 40X ta c:
M
x
= 2,03.10
3
Nmm.
m
i
i
M
Z
sb

+
0 2
1
3
0 2
158
0 58
2 0310
40
3
0 28
2
3
2
, . , .
,
,
, .
, mm
Chn m
sb
= 2 mm.
i vi cm bnh rng t 74-86 vi cc t s truyn tng ng ta
thy:
Trn trc XXIV v trc XXV gm cc cp bnh rng di trt to
thnh cc cp t s truyn:
Z38/Z86 ; Z82/Z85 ; Z81/Z84; Z80/Z78 ; Z76/Z77.
Hai cm ny l cc bnh rng tng nn theo nguyn tc n khp v gia
cng th modul ca chng ging nhau. Nn cm chuyn ng ny ta chn
modul s b cc bnh rng m
sb
= 2 mm.
D - XCH BAO HNH.
xc nh cng xut bao hnh ta xt trng hp c trng l khi ct
bnh rng nghing. C m = 10 (mm) ; = 45
0
; Z
f
= 12 rng.
Dao phay c gc xon vt = 2
0
. Vy + = 47
0
.
Ta thy P
b
c chiu quay
ngc vi chiu quay ca phi, do
m men do xch bao hnh gy
nn trc ng c ngc vi m
men do xch tt v xch cha
dao gy nn.
Cng xut xch bao hnh
c xc nh theo cng thc:
N
P V
KW
B
b f
.
.
)
6010
3
(
.
Hip
+
+
P
b
P
x
P
o
n
d
n
f
Trong :
P
b
= P
z
.Cos ( + ) = P
z
.Cos 47
0
= 18120.Cos47
0
= 12357,8 N.
n*
f
= n*
d
.K*/Z* = 59.1/12 = 4,17 v/ph.
Vy tc phi l :
V
D n
v ph
f
f f

. . , . . . ,
, /
1000
3141012 4 17
1000
157
Vy cng sut xch bao hnh:
N KW
B

12357 8157
601000
0 324
, . ,
.
,
M men xon trn trc bn my l:
M Nmm
VI
9 5510
4 17
74210
6
3
, .
,
.
Cng sut v m men trn cc trc ca xch l:
+) Trc XIV:
N
XIV
= N
b
. = 0,324.0,93 = 0,308 KW
M
XIV
= M
XV
..1/96 = 7,3.10
3
Nmm
+) Trc XIII:
N
XIII
= N
XIV
. = 0,292 KW.
M
XIII
= M
XIV
..1/1 = 6,9.10
3
Nmm.
+) Trc XI:
N
XI
= N
XIII
. = 0,277 KW.
M
XI
= M
XIII
..1/1 = 6,56.10
3
Nmm.
Trc XI chu tc dng ca lc chy dao v xch bao hnh gy ra m
men xon ngc chiu nhau. Do vy cng sut tng cng trn trc XI l:
M men xon trn trc l:
N
XI
= N
bXI
- N
SXI
= 0,277 - 0,105 = 0,2665 KW
M
XI
=
N
n
Nmm
XI
XI
. , . , . , .
,
, . .
9 5510 0 6659 5510
400 3
6 3610
6 6
3

+) Trc X:
N
X
= N
XI
. = 0,228 KW
Hip
M
X
= M
XI
=
N
n
Nmm
X
X
. , . , . , .
, . .
9 5510 0 2239 5510
200
111310
6 6
3
Dao quay vi tc 50 v/ph. Vy trc IX quay vi tc 200v/ph.

Nhn vo s ta thy: N
X
= N
IX

+) Trc VIII:
N
VIII
= N
X
. = 0,214 KW.
M
VIII
= M
X
..9,4.10
3
Nmm.
+) Trc IV:
N
IV
= N
IV ct
- N
IV bao hnh
N
IV ct
= 6,6 KW
N
IV bao hnh
= N
VIII
. = 0,203 KW
Vy N
IV
= 6,379 KW

M
N
n
Nmm
IV
IV
IV

. , . , . , .
.
9 5510 6 397 9 5510
200
30510
6 6
3
.
+) Trc III:
N
III
= N
IV
. = 6,75 KW
M
III
= M
IV
. = 321.10
3
Nmm.
+) Trc II:
N
II
= N
III
. = 7,08 KW
M
II
= M
III
. = 144.10
3
Nmm.
+) Trc I: (Trc ng c ).
N
I
= 7,45 KW
Tnh ng knh s b:
+) Trc XV:
d
M
mm
X

0 2 20
3
7 4210
0 2 20
3
12 29
3
, .
, .
, .
,
Chn d
XV
=60 mm, l
xv
= 450 mm.
+) Trc XIV:
d
7 310
0 2 20
3
12 2
3
, .
, .
, mm

Hip
Chn d
XIV
= 35 mm , l
XIV
= 500 mm.
+) Trc XI:
d mm
6 3610
0 2 20
3
11 7
3
, .
, .
,
Chn d
XI
= 35 mm , l
XI
= 520 mm.
+) Trc V v trc VIII tnh tng t:
Chn d
V
= 35 mm ; l
V
= 350 mm
d
VIII
= 45 mm; l
VIII
= 650 mm.
+) Trc IV : Tnh trc IV theo cng sut ca xch tc ta c:
d mm
IV
160
6 6
200
3
52 .
,

y l trc then hoa di 1600 mm m bo cng vng ta chn
d
IV
= 65 mm.
+) Cc trc III , II , I tnh theo cng xut ca ng c trc II:
N
II
= N
c
.
ai

= 7,06 KW
n
II
= 1460/2,04 = 715,6 v/ph
M
II
= 94,2 . 10
3
(Nmm)
d
II
160
7 06
715 6
3 43 5
,
,
, mm
y l trc then hoa ta chn d
II
= 45 mm. Trc di 350 mm
+) Trc III:
Quay vi tc 200 v/ph.
N
III
= 6,71 KW
M
III
= 320.10
3
Nmm.
Chn d
III
= 55 mm. l
III
= 500 mm.
Tnh modul s b cc b truyn thuc xch:
+) Modul b truyn trc vt bnh vt 1/96. Chn vt liu ch to bnh
vt l : Bp010 - 1
[
tx
] = 160 N/mm
2
M
x
= 742.10
3
Nmm.
Hip
m q
3
6
2
3
1 4510
160 96
1 2 74210
9550
3
9 4

1
]
1

, .
.
, . .
, (mm)
Tra bng 4-4 [7] . Chn m.
q
3
=10,1 nn m = 4,5 ; q =11.
+) Modul b truyn bnh rng tr 35/35.
Chn vt liu l thp 45X.
N = 7,3KW ; M
x
= 0,308.10
3
Nmm.
m
sb

+
0 2
1 1
1
0 30810
35
3
0 5
3
2
, .
, .
, mm.Chn m
sb
=
2,5 mm.
+) Modul b truyn bnh rng 33/33:
M = 6,9.10
3
N.mm
m
sb
+
0 2
1 1
1
6 910
33
3
0 5
3
2
,
, .
, mm
. Chn
m = 3 (mm)
+) Modul truyn bnh rng thay th:
Khi ct rng Z=12 ta dng cp bnh rng thay th.
a/b = 50/25 ; M = 6,21.10
3
Nmm
m
sb
0 2
3
2
6 2110
25
3
0 5
3
2
,
, .
, mm
. Chn m
sb
= 2,5 mm
+) Tnh tng t ta c modul b truyn e/f l:
m
sb
= 2,5 mm
+) Modul b truyn bnh rng nn 27/27:
m
tb
19 110
0 85
3
6
, . . .
, . . . . [ ]
"
K N
y Z n
m u

(mm)
Chn vt liu l thp 45.[
u
] = 197,9 N/mm
2
M = 9,4.10
3
Nmm ; N = 0,292 KW ; n = 200 v/ph ;
m
= 10
Khi tnh ly N = N
IV
= 6,397 KW
Hip
m
tb

19 110 1 6 6 397
0850 49 27 20015197 910
3
2 95
6
, . . , . ,
. . , . . . , . , .
,
(mm)
m
s
= m
tb
+ b.Sin /Z = 3,7 (mm). Chn : m
s
= 4 mm
+) Modul b truyn bnh rng nn Z
29
/Z
29
gia trc III v trc IV ca
xch tc .
Chn vt liu l thp 45X: N = 6,71 KW ; n=200 v/ph
m mm
tb

19 110 14 6 71
0 850 49 29 20015197 910
3
2 93
6
, . . , . ,
, . , . . . , . , .
,
m
s
= m
tb
+ b.Sin/Z = 3,67 mm. Chn m
s
= 4mm
+) Tnh modul b truyn bnh rng thay th ca xch tc a/b.
Chn vt liu l thp 45 .
m
sb
0 2
1 4394 2
0 4329
3 1 4
2
,
, . ,
, .
, mm

Z
1
=29 ; Z
2
=68 . Chn m
sb
= 2,5mm.
E- BNG NG LC HC I VI CC XCH.
XCH TC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
K hiu
trc theo
s
Tn s
vng quay
(v/ph)
M men
xon
(N/mm)
Cng
sut
(KW)
ng
Knh s
b (mm)
Modul
s b
(mm)
Chiu
di trc
(mm)
Hip
ng
VII 50,0 1150.10
3
6,04 85 4 710
VI 200 300.10
3
6,25 50 4 300
V 200 316.10
3
6,47 60 4 350
IV 200 305.10
3
6,397 65 4 1200
III 200 320.10
3
6,73 55 4 500
II 715,6 94,4.10
3
7,08 54 4 350
XCH CHY DAO HNG KNH
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
XXIII 47,15.10
3
50 3 500
XXII 2,29.10
3
35 2,5 400
XXI 1,42.10
3
30 2,5 300

XCH CHY DAO DC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
XXI 1,46 36,5 0,006 45 3 930
XX 35 1,64 0,0064 40 2,5 650
IX 35 1,74 0,0068 30 2,5 200
XVII 31,5 2,05 0,0072 40 2,5 1000
XVI 52,5 1,36 0,008 40 2,5 450
XII 30,8 3 0,009 35 2,5 300

XCH CHY DAO TIP TUYN
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
XXX 77,9 110 3,5 300
XXIX 1,74 40 2
XXVIII 9,0 25 2 350
XXVII 1,0 25 2,5 300
XXVI 1,05 40 2 650
XXV 0,93 40 2 480
Hip
XCH BAO HNH
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
XIV 400,3 7,3 0,308 50 2,5 500
XIII 400,3 6,9 0,292 55 3 1600
XI 400,3 6,56 0,277 35 2,5 520
X 200 11,13 0,223 35 2,5 350
VIII 200 9,4 0,214 45 4 650
Hip
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Thit k my ct kim loi - Mai Trng Nhn
[2] Tp bn v kt cu v hng dn s dng my phay ln rng 5K32.
- Hong Duy Khn
[3] S tay cng ngh ch to my Tp -2, 3, 4.
[4] Thit k chi tit my. Nguyn Trng Hip.
[5] - Thit k dng c ct.
[6] - Dung sai v o lng k thut. - Ngi dch H Vn Vui
[7] - Gio trnh my ct kim loi. - Hong Duy Khn
[8] - Gio trnh my t ng. - Trn V Quc
Hip

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Thuyt minh: n Tt Nghip B mn: Ch To My

gia cng ht on rng t AB.

th phi quay ph thm

: T s truyn ca c cu cng chuyn ng

Thay cc gi tr bit vo phng trnh trn ta c:

Trong thc t, s vng quay nh nht t c s dng. Nu dao phay

Lng di ng tnh ton ca xch vi sai l:

: H s tp trung ng sut chn rng ph thuc vo c tnh ca

+) Trn trc XXIII:

Dao quay vi tc 50 v/ph. Vy trc IX quay vi tc 200v/ph.

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