TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI VIN CNG NGH THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG

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Bi tp ln: Mng my tnh

ti : Tm hiu v giao thc IMAP
Ging vin hng dn : Sinh vin thc hin Lp : : TS. Ng Qunh Thu Nguyn Duy Thnh 20082383

Truyn thng Mng - K53

H Ni thng 11/2011

Mc lc I.Lch s pht trin ca giao thc IMAP II.Mc ch s dng, phm vi ng dng, bn cht ca giao thc IMAP 1.Mc ch s dng 2.Phm vi ng dng 3.Bn cht ca giao thc IMAP III.M t nguyn l hot ng ca giao thc IMAP 1.Mc lin kt 2.Cc lnh v phn hi 3.Trng thi v s lu lng 4.nh dng d liu 5.Cc lnh ca khch hng 6.My ch tr li IV.Phn tch cc u, nhc im ca giao thc IMAP 1.u im 2.Nhc im V.Kt lun v xu hng pht trin

I. Lch s pht trin ca giao thc IMAP IMAP c thit k bi Mark Crispin vo nm 1986 nh l mt giao thc hp th t xa, tri ngc vi POP c s dng rng ri, mt giao thc cho truy xut cc ni dung ca mt hp th IMAP trc y c gi l Interner Mail Access Protocol, Interactive Mail Access Protocol (RFC 1064), and Interim Mail Access Protocol IMAP gc: Interim Mail Access Protocol gc c thc hin nh mt my khch Xerox Lisp v mt my ch TOPS-20 Khng tn ti bn sao v cc c im k thut hoc phn mm ca giao thc tam thi gc. Mc d mt s lnh v phn ng tng t IMAP2, giao thc tm thi khng c lnh/ phn ng gn th, v v th c php ca n khng tng thch vi vi tt c cc phin bn khc ca IMAP.F IMAP2: Giao thc tm thi c thay th nhanh chng bi Interactive Mail Access Protocol ( IMAP2), c nh ngha trong RFC 1064 (nm 1988) v sau cp nht bi RFC 1176 ( nm 1990). IMAP2 gii thiu lnh/ phn ng gn th v l phin bn u tin cng khai phn phi IMAP3: IMAP3 l mt bin th tuyt chng v cc k him c ca IMAP. N c xut bn trong RFC 1203 nm 1991.N c vit c th nh mt ngh truy cp RFC 1176, m bn thn n c xut sa i cho IMAP2. IMAP3 khng bao gi c th trng chp nhn. Vo nm 1993, IESG phn loi RFC 1203 Interactive Mail Access Protocol Version 3 nh mt giao thc lch s. Cc nhm cng tc s dng RFC 1176 (IMAP2) ch khng phi l RFC 1203 (IMAP3) nh l im khi u ca IMAP IMAP2bis: Vi s ra i ca MIME, IMAP2 c m rng h tr cc cu trc khung ca MIME v thm chc nng qun l hp th ( to, xa, i tn, ti tin nhn ln)

cha c trong IMAP2. Phin bn th nghim ny c gi l IMAP2bis ; c im k thut ca n l khng bao gi c xut bn dng khng d tho. Trong thng 10 nm 1993, mt d tho internet ca IMAP2bis c xut bn bi nhm lm vic IETF IMAP. D tho ny c da trn cc thng s k thut sau y: ti liu IMAP2bis.TXT cha c cng b, RFC 1176, RFC 1064 (IMAP2). Ti liu d tho IMAP2bis.TXT c dng m rng trng thi IMAP2 nh ca thng 12 nm 1992. Vi s h tr ca IMAP2bis, nhng phin bn u ca Pine c phn phi rng ri ( Pine 4.00 v sau l h tr IMAP4rev1) IMAP4: Mt nhm cng tc IMAP c hnh thnh trong IETF u nhng nm 1990 c giao trch nhim cho vic thit k IMAP2bis. Nhm cng tc IMAP quyt nh i tn IMAP2bis thnh IMAP4 trnh nhm ln vi mt ngh v IMAP3 t mt nhm cnh tranh khc. Vic dch cc ch vit tt trong IMAP cng c thay i thnh Internet Mail Access Protocol Ta c th tm tt l trnh ca IMAP qua cc mc thi gian sau: -1986, IMAP c chp nhn i hc Stanford -1987, IMAP2 c nh ngha, cp nht client v server. c hin thc trn server Unix -1988, ti liu chnh thc ca IMAP c xut hin trn Net vo thng By -1989, Mark Crispin, tc gi u tin ca IMAP, c i hc Washington thu nhn -1990, bn sa i b sung ca ti liu chnh thc ca IMAP2 c xut bn vo thng Tm -1991, b sung h tr cho Multipurpose Internet Mail Extentions. Cho php truyn file khng phi ASCII trn Internet, b sung ny to nn tng cho IMAP2 beta -1992, i hc Washington trin khai server ca IMAP2 beta -1993, nhm thc hin IMAP ca t chc chuyn trch v cng ngh Internet IETF c thnh lp. IMAP c hin thc trn h iu hnh VMS server ca Digital dnh cho my tnh ln

-1994, ti liu chnh thc ca IMAP4 c xut bn -1995, i hc Carnegie Mellon a ra server IMAP4 u tin -1996, i hc Washington ch tr hai cuc hp u tin v IMAP. Sun, Netscape v nhng nh sn xut khc tuyn b h tr IMAP4 -1997, c t cho IMAP4.1 tip tc c hon thin. Pht hnh hai IMAP cho client l Netscape Messenger v Microsoft Outlook Express, c tch hp vi hai trnh duyt Web ph bin: Netscape Communicator v Microsoft Internet Explorer II. Mc ch s dng, phm vi ng dng, bn cht ca giao thc IMAP 1.Mc ch s dng: IMAP c s dng t s kim sot email trn mail server. C th, IMAP cung cp truy cp Email theo ba ch khc nhau: offline (ngoi tuyn), online ( trc tuyn) v disconnected ( ngt kt ni) Truy cp ch offline IMAP ging nh POP, cc thng ip email c truyn n my client server, xa khi mail server v mi lin kt b ngt. Sau ngi dng c, tr li v lm cc vic khc ch ngoi tuyn, cn nu mun gi th mi i h phi kt ni li Truy cp ch online IMAP l ch truy cp m ngi dng c v lm vic vi thng ip email trong khi vn ang gi kt ni vi mail server ( kt ni m). Cc thng ip ny vn nm mail server cho n khi no ngi dng quyt nh xa n i. Chng c gn nhn hiu cho bit loi c hay tr li Truy cp ch disconnected, IMAP cho php ngi dng lu tm thng ip client server v lm vic vi chng, sau cp nht tr li vo mail server ln kt ni k tip. Ch ny hu ch cho nhng ai dng laptop hay truy cp mng bng lin kt quay s in thoi, ng thi khng mun b ph nhng li im ca kho cha th mail server 2.Phm vi ng dng: Cc giao thc Internet tiu chun nh Gmail, ThunderBird, Mozilla Suite, SeaMonkey, 3.Bn cht ca giao thc IMAP: IMAP l th h mi ca giao thc POP (Post Office Protocol). IMAP l mt giao thc dng client/server m e-mail c nhn v v c lu tr trn servers. Khi s dng cc e-mail client nh OE,

Netscape, khch hng c th xem trc thng tin header bao gm ngi gi v ch l th, t cho php khch hng quyt nh c download l th v hay khng. Khch hng cng c th to nhiu folder hoc mailboxes trn server, xa tin nhn III. M t nguyn l hot ng ca giao thc IMAP 1.Mc lin kt: Giao thc IMAP4 c nhn mt dng d liu ng tin cy cung cp bi TCP. Khi s dng TCP, IMAP4 s nhn thng tin trn port 143 2.Cc lnh v phn hi: Mt phin IMAP4 bao gm vic thit lp mt kt ni my khch/my ch, mt li cho ban u t my ch v tng tc my khch/my ch.Nhng tng tc my khch/my ch bao gm lnh ca mt khch hng, d liu ca my ch v mt kt qu hon tt do my ch tr li lnh tng ng Tt c cc tng tc truyn bi my khch v my ch di dng dng, ngha l chui kt thc vi mt CRLF. Giao thc nhn ca mt khch hng IMAP4 hay my ch IMAP4 s c mt dng hoc mt chui cc octet vi mt s ng sau mt ng thng (Octet: khi d liu c kch thc 8 bit) 2.1.Giao thc khch hng gi v giao thc my ch nhn Mt lnh ca khch hng s bt u mt hot ng. Mi lnh ca khch hng c bt u bi mt nh danh (thng l mt chui ch s ngn. V d: A0001, A0002, ..v.v) c gi l mt th (tag). Mt th khc nhau c to ra bi mi lnh ca khch hng C hai trng hp trong mt ng dy t khch hng khng i din cho mt lnh cn hon thnh. Trong trng hp mt, mt i s lnh l trch dn vi mt s octet, trong trng hp hai, cc i s lnh yu cu thng tin phn hi ca my ch. Trong c hai trng hp, my ch s gi mt lnh tip tc p ng yu cu nu n sn sng cho octet ( nu thch hp) v phn cn li ca lnh

Lu : Nu thay vo , my ch pht hin mt li trong cc lnh, n s gi mt cu tr li BAD c tag ph hp vi lnh t chi lnh v ngn cn khch hng gi thm bt k lnh no N cng c th cho my ch gi mt p ng hon thin cho mt s lnh khc ( nu ang tin hnh nhiu lnh), hoc ang tho th d liu. Trong c hai trng hp, khch hng s c hnh ng thch hp quyt nh cc lnh s tip tc tin hnh hay l ch gii quyt Giao thc nhn ca IMAP4 s c mt dng lnh t khch hng, phn tch c php lnh v i s ca n, truyn d liu v my ch v my ch s hon thnh lnh a n phn hi 2.2.Giao thc my ch gi v giao thc khch hng nhn D liu c truyn bi my ch n khch hng v trng thi lnh khng c hon thnh s c bt u bi du *, c gi l phn hi untagged ( tho th) D liu my ch c th c gi nh l kt qu ca mt lnh khch, hoc c th c gi n phng bi my ch. Khng c s khc bit v c php gia mt d liu my ch t mt lnh c th v d liu c gi n phng My ch phn hi mt kt qu hon thin cho thy hot ng thnh cng hay tht bi. N c gn th vi cc t kha tng t vi cc lnh khch vn hnh. V vy, nu tin hnh nhiu hn mt lnh, cc t kha trong mt cu tr li c th xc nh phn ng ca my ch. C ba loi kh nng c th c phn hi t my ch: OK ( ch th thnh cng), NO ( ch th tht bi) v BAD ( giao thc b li do lnh khng c cng nhn hoc li c php lnh) Giao thc nhn ca khch hng IMAP4 c dng phn hi t my ch, sau n s c cc hnh ng phn hi da trn cc m thng bo u tin ca phn ng, v d nh mt th * hoc th + Khch hng phi chun b sn sng chp nhn bt k phn ng no ca my ch bt k thi gian no. iu ny c th bao gm c d liu my ch m n khng c yu cu. D liu ca my ch nn c ghi li, cho cc khch hng c th tham kho d liu t bn sao ch khng cn gi lnh cho my ch yu cu d liu. Trong vi trng hp, mt s d liu ca my ch bt buc phi c ghi li

3.Trng thi v s lu lng Mt my ch IMAP4 lun mt trong bn trng thi. Hu ht cc lnh c hiu lc vi trng thi nht nh. l li giao thc khi khch hng c gng thc hin mt lnh trong khi lnh ang trng thi khng ph hp. Trong trng hp ny, my ch s tr li vi mt lnh kt qu BAD hoc NO (ty thuc my ch thc hin) 3.1.Trng thi cha xc thc Trong trng thi cha ng nhp, ngi dng phi cung cp v xc nhn cc thng tin trc khi phn ln cc lnh c cho php. Trng thi ny c nhp khi mt kt ni bt u, tr khi kt ni c xc thc trc 3.2.Trng thi xc thc Trong trng thi xc thc, ngi dng c xc nhn v phi chn mt hp th truy cp trc khi lnh nh hng n tin nhn c cho php. Trng thi ny c nhp khi bt u mt kt ni c xc thc trc, khi thng tin xc nhn c cung cp c chp nhn, hoc sau mt li trong vic la chn mt hp th 3.3.Trng thi la chn Trong trng thi la chn, mt hp th c la chn truy cp. Trng thi ny c nhp khi mt hp th c la chn thnh cng 3.4.Trng thi ng xut Trong trng thi ng xut, phin hot ng ca ngi dng ang chm dt, v my ch s ng kt ni, Trng thi ny c th c nhp nh l mt yu cu ca khch hng hoc mt quyt nh n phng ca my ch

+--------------------------------------+ |kt ni ban u v li cho t my ch| +--------------------------------------+ || (1) || (2) || (3) VV || || +-----------------+ || || | cha ng nhp | || || +-----------------+ || || || (7) || (4) || || || VV VV || || +----------------+ || || | ng nhp |<=++ || || +----------------+ || || || || (7) || (5) || (6) || || || VV || || || || +--------+ || || || || |la chn|==++ || || || +--------+ || || || || (7) || VV VV VV VV +--------------------------------------+ | ng xut v ng kt ni | +--------------------------------------+

(1)Kt ni khng cn ng nhp trc (li cho OK) (2)Kt ni ng nhp trc ( li cho PREAUTH) (3)Kt ni b t chi ( li cho BYE) (4)Lnh NG NHP thnh cng (5)Lnh CHN hoc KIM TRA thnh cng (6)Lnh NG, hoc lnh CHN hoc KIM TRA tht bi (7)Lnh NG XUT, tt my ch hoc ng kt ni 4.nh dng d liu IMAP4 s dng cc lnh v phn ng dng vn bn. D liu trong IMAP4 c th di mt trong cc hnh thc: nguyn t, s, chui, danh sch ngoc v NIL 4.1.Nguyn t Mt nguyn t bao gm mt hoc nhiu k t khng c bit

4.2.S Mt s bao goomg mt hoc nhiu k t ch s, v i din cho mt gi tr s 4.3.Chui Mt chui l mt trong hai hnh thc: ch v chui trch dn. Cc hnh thc theo ch l hnh thc chung ca chui. Cc hnh thc theo chui trch dn l mt cch thay th trnh chi ph hn ch khi x l mt ch Mt ch l mt chui khng hoc nhiu octet (bao gm c CR v LF), tin t c trch dn dng mt du m ngoc {, s lng octet, du ng ngoc }, v CRLF. Trong trng hp ch truyn t my ch n khch hng, cc d liu octet s lp tc theo sau CRLF. Trong trng hp ch truyn t khch hng n my ch, khch hng phi ch i nhn c mt lnh yu cu tip tc trc khi gi d liu octet (v phn cn li ca lnh) Mt chui trch dn l mt chui khng hoc nhiu k t 7-bit (khng bao gm CR v LF), vi du (<>) mi ch kt thc Chui rng tiu biu nh ( mt chui trch dn vi khng k t trong du ngoc kp) hoc nh {0} theo sau l CRLF ( mt ch vi octet ca s 0) Lu : Ngay c khi octet l 0, khch hng vn phi ch i nhn c lnh yu cu tip tc 4.4.Danh sch ngoc Cu trc d liu c biu din nh l mt danh sch ngoc, mt chui cc mc d liu, phn cch bng du space, v kt thc bng du ngoc n. Bn thn mt danh sch ngoc c th cha cc danh sch ngoc, s dng nhiu du ngoc n chia ra Danh sch ngoc rng tiu biu nh () mt danh sch ngoc vi khng thnh vin 4.5.NIL Nguyn t c bit NIL i din cho s khng tn ti ca mt mc d liu c th c biu din nh l mt chui hoc mt danh sch ngoc.

N khc bit vi mt chui rng hoc danh sch ngoc rng () 5.Cc lnh ca khch hng 5.1.Lnh trng thi bt k: C th c s dng bt k trng thi no Lnh Capability Noop Tham s Khng c Khng c M t Yu cu my ch cho khch hng nhng kh nng v tnh nng m n h tr Khng c g. C th c s dng thit lp li b m thi gian hoc nh k nhc nh my ch gi thng bo khi c th mi Thng bo vi my ch khch hng sn sng kt thc phin, sau my ch s ng kt ni

Logout

Khng c

5.2.Lnh trong trng thi cha xc thc: Lnh ch c s dng trong trng thi cha xc thc. Nhng lnh ny thng c s dng xc thc Lnh Authenticate Login Tham s Tn ngi dng v mt khu Tn c ch xc thc M t Ch nh mt tn ngi dng v mt khu s dng cho vic chng thc Cho my ch m khch hng mun s dng mt c ch xc thc c th, nhc nh khch hng v my ch trao i thng tin xc thc ph hp vi quy ch Thng bo vi my ch IMAP4 s dng giao thc Transport Layer Security (TLS) xc thc, v nhc nh TLS bt u m phn

STARTTLS

Khng c

5.3.Lnh trong trng thi xc thc: c s dng thc hin cc hnh ng khc nhau trn hp th ( C th s dng c trong trng thi la chn?

Lnh Select

Tham s Tn hp th

Examine Create Delete Rename Subscribe

Tn hp th Tn hp th

M t Chn mt hp th ring bit truy cp. Nu lnh ny thnh cng s chuyn sang trng thi la chn. Cc my ch s thng xuyn phn hi thng tin cho khch hng v cc hp th c la chn Ging nh lnh Select, ngoi tr vic hp th m ra ch c ch khng th thay i c To ra mt hp th vi tn hp l

Tn hp th Xa hp th quy nh Tn hp th hin t li tn mt hp th ti v mi Tn hp th Thit lp thm hp th quy nh Loi b cc hp th t danh sch tch cc Yu cu mt phn danh sch cc tn hp th c sn, da trn cc tham s c cung cp Tng t nh List nhng ch tr v tn t danh sch tch cc Thm mt thng ip ti hp th

Unsubscribe Tn hp th List Tn hp th hoc chui tham chiu Tn hp th hoc chui tham chiu Tn hp th, tin nhn, c ty chn v ngy/thi gian Tn hp th

Lsub

Append

Status

Yu cu tnh trng ca hp th quy nh. My ch p ng cung cp thng tin nh s lng tin nhn trong hp v s lng tin nhn mi n v n

5.4.Trng thi la chn: Mt tp hp cc lnh c s dng truy cp v thao tc tin nhn c nhn m ch c th c s dng trong trng thi la chn

Lnh Check

M t Thit lp mt trm kim sot cho hp th hin ti.c s dng nh du khi mt trnh t nht nh ca hot ng hon thnh Close Khng c ng hp th hin ti v tr phin v trng thi xc thc. Khi lnh ny c ban hnh, my ch cng s mc nhin thc hin hot ng Xa trn hp th Expunge Khng c Vnh vin loi b bt k tin nhn c nh du xa ca khch hng. iu ny c thc hin t ng khi hp th ng li Search Tiu ch tm kim Tm kim cc hp th cho tin nhn ph hp vi v mt c im tiu ch tm kim quy nh. My ch s lit k cc k thut thit lp con s p ng ty chn Fetch Trnh t s tin Ly thng tin v mt hoc mt tp hp tin nhn t nhn v danh sch hp th hin ti cc i tng d liu tin nhn (mt hoc nhiu) Partial Trnh t s tin Tng ng vi lnh Fetch vi cc tnh nng b nhn v danh sch sung m ch s quy nh ca octet c tr v, ch cc i tng d c mt thng ip duy nht c th c ly ti thi liu tin nhn (mt im octet u tin hoc nhiu), v tr octet u tin v s octet Uid Tn lnh v i s c thc hin cho php mt trong cc lnh khc c thc hin bng cch s dng s nhn dng duy nht xc inh hot ng ca cc tin nhn, thay v nhng con s thng bo trnh t Store Trnh t s tin Bo qun mt gi tr cho mt mc d liu tin nhn nhn v tn mc c th d liu tin nhn, gi tr Copy Trnh t s tin Sao chp cc thit lp cc tin nhn c th cui hp nhn v tn mt th quy nh hp th

Tham s Khng c

6.My ch tr li Cu tr li ca my ch c ba hnh thc: phn ng tnh trng, d liu my ch v lnh yu cu tip tc Phn hi ca d liu my ch c xc nh bi d liu trong phn ng, c m t theo chc nng ch khng phi c php. C php chnh xc ca d liu my ch c m t trong phn c php Lnh yu cu tip tc s dng m thng bo + thay v mt tag Phn ng tnh trng c gn th cho thy kt qu hon thnh lnh ca khch hng, v c mt th ph hp vi lnh -M kt qu: C ba m kt qu chnh c th c gi khi tr li mt lnh v hai m s dng trong mt s trng hp c bit OK: Kt qu tch cc, thng c gi km vi cc t kha ca lnh thnh cng. C th c gi untagged trong li cho u tin ca my ch khi phin bt u NO: Kt qu tiu cc. Khi c gn th, ch ra lnh khng thnh cng, khi untagged, c coi l thng ip cnh bo chung v mt s tnh hnh trn my ch BAD: Ch th mt thng bo li. N c gn th khi li ny trc tip lin quan n mt lnh c gi, v mt khc l untagged PREAUTH: Mt thng bo untagged gi vo lc bt u ca mt phin lm vic cho bit rng khng c yu cu xc thc, chuyn trc tip sang trng thi xc thc BYE: Gi khi my ch mun ng kt ni. N lun lun l untagged, v c gi tr li bi mt lnh LOGOUT hoc khi kt ni phi ng ca v l do no khc -M phn hi: c s dng giao tip cc thng tin vi khch hng. Cu tr li thng i km vn bn m t cc thng tin chi tit v nhng g ang c truyn t. Di y l cc m phn hi c xc nh bi cc tiu chun IMAP ALERT: Mt thng ip cnh bo c gi n mt khch hng IMAP thng bo v mt ci g quan trng

 BADCHARSET: Gi khi tm kim mt b k t khng c h tr CAPABILITY: Mt danh sch cc kh nng my ch c th thc hin PARSE: Gi khi xy ra li phn tch c php cc tiu hoc ni dung MIME ca mt tin nhn email PERMANENTFLAGS: Truyn t mt danh sch cc c trng thi tin nhn m khch hng c php thao tc READ-ONLY: Thng bo cho khch hng rng hp th ch c th truy cp trong ch ch c READ-WRITE: Thng bo cho khch hng rng hp th c th truy cp trong ch c- ghi TRYCREATE: Gi khi lnh APPEND hoc lnh COPY b li v hp th mc tiu khng c sn, ngh khch hng c gng to hp th UIDNEXT: Gi vi mt s thp phn m xc nh gi tr nh danh duy nht s dng trong hot ng. Nhng nh danh ny cho php mi tin nhn c xc nh l duy nht UIDVALIDITY: Gi mt s thp phn m xc nh tnh hp l ca gi tr nh danh l duy nht, c s dng xc nhn dng tin nhn duy nht UNSEEN: Gi vi mt s thp phn m thng bo vi khch hng rng tin nhn c nh du l tin nhn mi IV. Phn tch cc u, nhc im ca giao thc IMAP 1.u im: Khi bn c th xem c cc header information m khng cn phi download ton b th v, bn c th xa c mt s lng ln th m khng s lng ph thi gian. Cng v vn lu tr trn server, bn c th truy cp hp th t nhiu ni khc nhau v bo m cc tin nhn lun sn sng. V vi vic th vn cn lu trn server th khi my b mt s c cng khng cn lo v vic mt cc tin nhn Kt ni v ngt kt ni cc phng thc hot ng: Khi s dng POP, ch khi cn ti tin nhn mi, khch hng mi kt ni vi my ch e-mail mt thi gian ngn. Khi s dng IMAP4, khch hng thng xuyn kt ni khi giao din ngi dng c kch hot v ti ni dung tin nhn theo yu cu. i vi ngi s dng nhiu tin nhn hoc lng tin nhn ln, m hnh s dng IMAP4 c th dn n thi gian phn ng nhanh hn

Nhiu khch hng ng thi kt ni n cng mt hp th: Giao thc POP yu cu khch hng hin ang kt ni sao cho ch duy nht mt khch hng c th kt ni n hp th ( ch h tr 1 USER). Ngc li, cc giao thc IMAP c bit cho php truy cp ng thi bi nhiu khch hng, v cn cung cp c ch cho cc khch hng pht hin cc thay i ca hp th c thc hin bi nhng khch hng ng thi kt ni khc Truy cp vo phn tin nhn MIME v ly mt phn: Thng th tt c cc e-mail trn Internet c truyn i trong nh dng MIME, cho php tin nhn c mt cu trc cy m cc nt l bt k l mt lot cc b phn ni dung ring l v cc nt khng l bt k l mt lot cc kt ni lin tc nhiu lp. Giao thc IMAP4 cho php khch hng ly bt k mt b phn ring l no ca MIME mt cch ring bit v cng c th ly cc phn ca tng b phn ring bit hoc ton b tin nhn. Cc c ch ny cho php khch hng ly phn vn bn ca mt tin nhn m khng cn ly cc tp tin nh km hoc cho truyn ti ni dung khi n ang c ti xung Thng tin trng thi tin nhn: Thng qua vic s dng cc l c c nh ngha trong giao thc IMAP4, khch hng c th theo di cc thng ip trng thi; v d: c hay khng tin nhn c c, tr li hoc xa b. Nhng l c ny c lu tr trn my ch, do khch hng khc nhau truy cp vo cng mt hp th trong cc thi im khc nhau c th pht hin nhng thay i trng thi c thc hin bi cc khch hng khc. POP khng cung cp c ch lu tr trng thi thng tin nh vy cho khch hng trn my ch, do nu hai khch hng POP khc nhau cng truy cp vo mt hp th, trng thi thng tin- nh l tin nhn c truy cp hay cha- s khng th c ng b ha gia cc khch hng. Giao thc IMAP4 h tr c hai loi: c h thng v t kha cho khch hng. C h thng dnh cho cc thng tin trng thi, v d: xem tin nhn c c hay cha. T kha, th m cc my ch IMAP khng h tr, cho php tin nhn a ra mt hoc nhiu th c ngha cho khch hng. B sung thm ngi dng to ra th cho cc tin nhn chnh l mt hot ng c h tr bi mt s dch v e-mail trn web, chng hn nh Gmail Nhiu hp th trn mt my ch: Khch hng IMAP4 c th to, i tn v/hoc xa hp th trn my ch, v di chuyn tin nhn gia cc hp th. Nhiu h tr hp th cng cho php cc my ch cung cp quyn truy cp vo cc th mc

cng cng v c chia s. Phn m rng (RFC 4314) Danh sch iu khin Truy nhp ( Access Control List ACL) IMAP4 c th c s dng iu chnh quyn truy cp Tm kim trn my ch: IMAP4 cung cp mt c ch mt khch hng c th yu cu my ch tm kim cc tin nhn p ng vi tiu ch no . C ch ny gip trnh vic khch hng yu cu ti v tt c cc tin nhn trong hp th thc hin tm kim Xy dng c ch m rng: Phn nh kinh nghim ca cc giao thc Internet trc , IMAP4 nh ngha mt c ch r rng m n c th c m rng. Rt nhiu m rng cho giao thc c s c xut v c s dng ph bin. IMAP2bis khng c c ch m rng v POP c mt c ch c nh ngha bi RFC 2449 2.Nhc im: Khng nh POP3, IMAP yu cu truy cp lin tc trong sut qu trnh lm vic vi cc e-mail. Do vic tr tin nhn trn server t dn n vic vt qu gii hn khng gian lu tr cho php Trong khi IMAP tm bin php khc phc nhng thiu st ca POP, .Phn ln cc vn phc tp ( v d: nhiu khch hng cng mt lc truy cp vo cng mottj hp th) c b p bng cch gii quyt nh Maildir hoc cc phn ph tr c s d liu phia my ch Cc c im k thut ca IMAP b ch trch v khng nghim ngt v cho php tn ti cc hnh vi c hiu qu ph nhn tnh hu dng ca n. V d, c im k thut ni rng mi tin nhn c lu tr trn my ch ch c mt unique ID cho php cc khch hng xc nh cc tin nhn m h nhn gia cc phin. Tuy nhin, c im k thut cng cho php cc unique ID b v hiu khng hn ch, thc t iu ny ph nhn mc ch ca h Tr khi vic lu tr th v cc thut ton tm kim trn my ch c thc hin mt cch cn thn, mt my khch c kh nng tiu tn mt lng ln ti nguyn my ch khi tm kim cc hp th ln Khch hng ca IMAP4 cn phi duy tr mt kt ni TCP/IP cho my ch IMAP c thng bo v s xut hin ca th mi. Thng bo th n c thc hin

thng qua bng tn tn hiu, gp phn tng thm s phc tp trong vic x l giao thc IMAP bn my khch. Mt c nhn xut, push IMAP, s m rng IMAP thc hin y th in t bng cch gi thng bo ton b thay v ch mt thng bo. Tuy nhin, push IMAP ni chung khng c chp nhn v hin ti cc nhm lm vic IETF gii quyt vn bng nhiu cch khc Khng ging nh mt s giao thc c quyn kt hp gia vic gi v hot ng phc hi, gi mt tin nhn v lu mt bn sao trong th mc pha my ch vi mt khch hng IMAP cp c s i hi truyn ti ni dung tin nhn hai ln, mt ln SMTP giao hng v ln th hai IMAP lu tr vo mt th mc dnh cho th gi. iu ny c khc phc bi mt tp hp cc phn m rng c xc nh bi nhm lm vic IETF LEMONADE cho cc thit b di ng: URLAUTH (RFC 4467) and CATENATE ( RFC 4469) trong IMAP v BURL ( RFC 4468) trong SMTP-SUBMISSION. Cc my ch POP khng h tr th mc phia my ch, do khch hng khng c la chn no ngoi vic gi th trn my khch. Nhiu my khch IMAP c th c cu hnh lu th gi trong mt th mc pha my khch, hoc sao n mnh v sau lc th gi n thay v lu mt bn sao trong mt th mc trc tip. Ngoi ra b ba LEMONADE, Courier Mail Server cung cp mt phng php khng tiu chun ca vic gi bng IMAP bng cch sao chp mt tin nhn gi vo mt th mc dnh ring cho hp th i Cng ging nh POP, IMAP l mt giao thc ch dnh cho e-mail. Do , cc hng mc nh a ch lin lc, cc cuc hn hoc cng vic khng th c qun l hoc truy cp bng cch s dng IMAP V. Kt lun v xu hng pht trin Qua nhng iu c nu trn, ta thy IMAP mang li cho ngi dng mt phng thc lu tr th in t thng minh. Mc d vn cn tn ti vi nhc im nhng ta khng th ph nhn s u t ca IMAP so vi giao thc th in t khc nh SMTP, POP. T d thy nu IMAP trong tng lai tip tc c hon thin hn th s khng kh n tr thnh trnh duyt th in t c nhiu ngi a thch nht

Ti liu tham kho: -Bi ging mn Mng my tnh ca c Ng Qunh Thu -Trang web http://en.wikipedia.org -Trang web http://www.ietf.org -Trang web http://www.tcpipguide.com -Mt s trang web khc