Cc hp cht oxi ha trong thc phm 4.

1 Tng quan v cc ph gia chng oxi ha trong thc phm Trong qu trnh ch bin cng nh bo qun thc phm thng xy ra mt lot cc loi phn ng oxi ha khc nhau, lm bin i phm cht v gi tr ca thc phm. Chnh v vy phi s dng nhng cht c tc dng ngn nga hoc kim ch cc qu trnh ny li. Cc cht chng oxi ha c dng trong thc phm phi m bo cc yu cu sau: - Tng kh nng n nh v cht lng thc phm. Hn ch hoc loi b cc qu trnh oxi ha. - Bo tn cc gi tr dinh dng c bn ca thc phm. - Cc gi tr cm quan ca thc phm phi c gi nguyn. - Qu trnh s dng nhng cht ny phi tin li, chi ph thp. 4.2 Phn loi: 4.2.1 Theo ngun gc: Ngun gc t nhin: L cc cht c kh nng chng oxi ha c sn trong thnh phn cc loi rau qu. Li ch chnh ca vic s dng nhng hp cht chng oxy ha t nhin l tnh an ton so vi vic s dng nhng hp cht chng oxy ha tng hp. Tuy nhin cc nh khoa hc cng khuyn co nn thn trng trong vic s dng nhng hp cht ny, v vi mt liu lng no c th c nhng tc ng ph i vi ngi s dng. Cc cht chng oxi ha c ngun gc t nhin thng gp: Axit L- ascorbic (vitamin C) dng t nhin, Acid citric hoc Acid limonic, Tocopherol (vitamin E), Acid tactric v mt s loi gia v tho mc nh cy hng tho (Rosmariquinon v Rosmaridiphenol l hai thnh phn c kh nng chng oxy ha ca loi cy ny). Ngun gc nhn to: Vitamin C tng hp, Vitamin E (hay Tocopherol) tng hp, BHA, BHT, BTHQ 4.2.2 Theo bn cht: Cht chng oxi ha c bn cht acid (bao gm acid hoc mui v ester ca chng): aicd citric, acid ascorbic... Cht chng oxi ha c bn cht l cc hp cht phenolic: Tocopherol (vitamin E), BHA, BHT, BTHQ... 4.3 Mt s ph gia chng oxi ha thc phm: 4.3.1 Vitamin C Tnh cht Axit ascorbic l mt hp cht hu c t nhin vi nhng c tnh chng oxy ha. N l mt cht rn mu trng i lc vn c mu vng. Ha tan kh tt trong nc cho pH acid. + C ch tc dng Acid ascorbic rt d b oxy ha cho acid dehydroascorbic; nh m thc phm c cc hp cht d b oxi ha nh polyphenol s c bo v gip cho sn phm lu sm mu hn, ngoi ra do to pH thp nn