Mo Hinh Mach Kich THYRISTOR

NGUY E NV A NBI E NT B D47@GMAI L.
C OM
H0 h!Nh HA0h K!0h 9U UN0 IhUk!I0k
N0! UN0
0haca 1 0!0! Ih!!U 90 !U00 V! IhYk!9I0k
! 0aa tac Naea l lam v|ec caa Ihr|stcr
1 0aa tac
Ihr|stcr cca c| la 90k (9|llcca 0catrclleJ kect|f|erl la lca| l|ah k|ea 4 lcp l
N 1at xea ke ahaa e t|ea v|ec phaa t|ch cac lcp |aa Jaa aa aac| ta 1at la l
1
, N
1
,
l
2
, N
2,
|aa cac lcp |aa Jaa h|ah thaah cac chaea t|ep laa lact ta trea xaca Jac| la
J
1
, J
2
, J

9c 1c caa trac, k h|ea, sc 1c taca 1aca va caa tac caa thr|stcr 1acc tr|ah
|a h1
h!1a h!1| h!1c h!1J
A Aact
K catct
0 0ac 1|ea kh|ea
J
1
, J
Hat t|ep |ap phat 1|ea t|ch

J
2
Hat t|ep |ap traa |aa
h!1a 9c 1c k h|ea caa 90k
h!1| 9c 1c caa trac |ca lcp caa 90k
h!1c 9c 1c mc ta caa tac caa 90k
h!1J 9c 1c taca 1aca caa 90k
2 Naea l lam v|ec caa thr|stcr
0c the mc phca mct Ihr|stcr |aa ha| traas|stcr Q
1
, Q
2
aha h!1J
Iraas|stcr Q
1
hep k|ea lNl, cca Q
2
k|ea NlN
0c|
1
,
2
la he sc traea 1|ea t|ch caa Q
1
va Q
2
Kh| 1at 1|ea ap U lea ha| 1aa
A &K caa Ihr|stcr, cac mat t|ep |ap J
1
& J
chaea J|ch thaaa, cca mat t|ep |ap J

2
chaea J|ch aacc ( J
2
mat t|ep |ap chaa caa Q
1
& Q
2
l c 1c Jca cha aa J
2
la
!
J2
!
J2
=
1
!e
1

2
!e
2
!
c

!
0
!a Jca 1|ea rc aa J
2
NGUY E NV A NBI E NT B D47@GMAI L. C OM
Nhaa v| Q
1
& Q
2
hep thaah mct tca the ta cc
!e
1
= !e
2
= !
J2
= !
c 1c !
J2
= ! =
1
!
2
! !
c

9a ra => ! = !
c
[1(
1

2
l] (1l
c J
2
chaea J|ch aacc aea haa che Jca cha aa ac, Jaa 1ea
1
,
2
caa
1|ea cc |a tr| ahc, ! !
c
, ca ha| traas|stcr c traa tha| aat
Ia ||ea thac (1l ta tha raa Jca 1|ea cha aa Ihr|stcr pha thacc vac he sc
traea 1|ea t|ch
1
&
2
Hc| aaa he |aa va Jca em|ter 1acc tr|ah |a c h!2
Nha va kh|
1

2
taa Jaa 1ea 1 th| ! taa rat ahaah Ihec sc 1c taca 1aca
caa 90k h!1J ta cc the |a| th|ch aha saa
ca !
01
cha vac cac 8 caa Q
2
lam chc Q
2
Jaa va !
02
taa, tac !
81
caa taa (!
02
= !
81
l kh|ea Q
1
Jaa maah > !
01
taa va ca t|ep J|ea aha the h|ea
taca aa c| la hc| t|ep Jaca ve Jca, tac 1|ea k|ea
lam taa traca ahaah Jca 1|ea cha aa Ihr|stcr
- ca !e
1
taa lam chc
1
taa (h!
2l, cca taa !e
2
lam chc
2
taa
0ac| caa thac h|ea 1acc 1|ea k|ea
(
1

2
l > 1, ca ha| traas|stcr
chaea saa traa tha| mc, lac aa ac| trc |aa A va K caa 90k rat
ahc
Va maca lam chc Q
1
, Q
2
ta traa tha| aat chaea saa traa tha| |ac hca
(ha maca mc Ihr|stcrl chi caa lam taa !
82
e lam 1acc v|ec aa aac| ta thaca
chc mct Jca 1|ea kh|ea !
1k
cha vac cac cca caa Ihr|stcr, 1aa thec ch|ea !
82
trea
h!1J

1
Ie
0
H.I. 2
!! ac taea Vclt Ampere caa Ihr|stcr

h!
h! ac taea Vclt Ampere caa Ihr|stcr
!
th

max
0|a tr| cac 1a| Jca thaaa
U
th
|ea ap thaaa
U
a
|ea ap aacc
U
Jt
|ea ap 1aah thaa
!
a
ca aacc
!
c
ca rc aa Ihr|stcr
!
Jt
ca Ja tr|
a |ea ap rc| trea Ihr|stcr
e |a| th|ch 1acc ah|a vat l caa 1aca 1ac taea Vclt Ampere Ihr|stcr,
aac| ta ch|a ra lam |ca 1caa 1aah sc la ma aha h! |
caa ( !l aa vc| traa tha| aat caa Ihr|stcr Irca 1caa aa (
1

2
l <
1, cc Jca rc aa Ihr|stcr ! !
c
, v|ec taa |a tr| U |t cc aah haca 1ea |a tr| Jca
! Kh| U taa 1ea |a tr| U
ch
(1|ea ap chaea machl th| |at Jaa aa tr|ah taa traca
ahaah chca caa Jca 1|ea,Ihr|stcr chaea saa traa tha| mc
caa (!!l aa vc| |a| 1caa chaea J|ch thaaa caa mat t|ep |ap J
2
(Q
1
, Q
2
chaea saa traa tha| |ac hcal 0 |a| 1caa aa, mc| mct laca taa ahc Jca 1|ea
aa vc| mct laca |am lca caa 1|ea ap caa aa 1acc c| la 1caa 1|ea trc am
caa (!!!l aa vc| traa tha| mc caa Ihr|stcr Irca 1caa aa ca mat t|ep
|ap J
1
, J
2
, J
1|ea 1a chaea J|ch thaaa, mct |a tr| 1|ea ap ahc cc the tac ra mct
Jca 1|ea lca !ac aa Jca 1|ea thaaa chi cca || haa che |c| 1|ea trc mach aca|,
1|ea ap rc| trea Ihr|stcr rat ahc Ihr|stcr 1acc |a c traa tha| mc chaa aac Jca
!
th
cca lca hca Jca Ja tr| !
Jt.
caa (!Vl aa vc| traa tha| caa Ihr|stcr kh| ta 1at mct 1|ea ap aacc lea ac
(cac Jaca lea catct, cac am lea AacJl !ac aa J
1
, J
chaea J|ch aacc, cca J

2
chaea J|ch thaaa, v| kha aaa khca caa J
rat ea aea ahaah aacc caa 1ac t|ah

VcltAmpere cha ea 1acc aet 1|ah |aa kha aaa khca caa mat t|ep |ap J
1,
Jc 1c
cc Jaa ahamh aacc caa 1ac t|ah J|cJ thaca ca 1|ea !
a
cc |a tr| rat ahc !
a

!
c
Kh| taa U
a
1ea |a tr| U
1t
(1|ea ap 1aah thaal th| J
1
|| chcc thaa va Ihr|stcr ||
pha hca V| va 1e traah ha hca chc Ihr|stcr ta khca aea 1at 1|ea ap aacc cc
|a tr| aa |aa U
1t
lea Ihr|stcr
Nea chc ahaa |a tr| khac ahaa caa Jca 1|ea kh|ea !
1k
th| se ahaa 1acc mct
hc 1aca 1ac t|ah VcltAmpere caa Ihr|stcr (h!4l caa (!l caa 1aca 1ac t|ah Vclt
Ampere se || rat aaa la| va 1|ea ap U
ch
caa ahc 1| aea taa Jaa |a tr| U
1k
Kh|
Jca 1|ea kh|ea taca 1c| lca !
1k
(h!4l th| 1aca 1ac t|ah 1acc aaa aa aha thaa
|ca aha ahaah thaaa caa 1ac t|ah |cJ, cc the ac| vc| |a tr| caa !
1k
aha the (
1

2
l va mat t|ep |ap J
2
chaea J|ch thaaa ahaah chca
!!! 0ac thca sc cha ea caa Ihr|stcr
1 |ea ap thaaa cac 1a| (U
thmax
l
!a |a tr| 1|ea ap lca ahat cc the 1at lea Ihr|stcr thec ch|ea thaaa ma
Ihr|stcr vaa c traa tha| mc Nea vact aa |a tr| aa cc the lam hca Ihr|stcr
2 |ea ap aacc cac 1a| (U
a max
l
!a 1|ea ap lca ahat cc the Jat lea Ihr|stcr thec ch|ea aacc ma Ihr|stcr
vaa khca hca ac| tac 1ca caa 1|ea ap aa, Jca 1|ea aacc cc |a tr| !a = (10
20lmmA Kh| 1|ea ap aacc 1at lea Ihr|stcr laa pha| |am Jca 1|ea kh|ea (h !
5l
U
a
U
amax

(1020lmA
!
1k
=0
!
1k1
=100mA
!
1k2
=1A !
a
!
1k
< !
1k1
< !
1k2
H.I. 5
|ea ap 1|ah mac (U
1m
l
la |a tr| 1|ea ap chc phep 1ac lea trea Ihr|stcr thec ch|ea thaaa va aacc
Ihca thaca U
1m
= 2 U
th max
4 |ea ap rc| trea Ihr|stcr
!a |a tr| 1|ea ap trea Ihr|stcr kh| Ihr|stcr 1aa c traa tha| mc
5 |ea ap chaea traa tha| (U
ch
l
0 |a tr| 1|ea ap aa, khca caa cc !
1k
, Ihr|stcr caa chaea saa traa tha|
mc

5 ca 1|ea 1|ah mac (!
1m
l
!a Jca 1|ea cc |a tr| traa ||ah lca ahat 1acc phep cha aa Ihr|stcr
7 |ea ap va Jca 1|ea 1|ea kh|ea (U
1km|a
, !
1km|a
l
!a |a tr| ahc ahat caa 1|ea ap 1|ea kh|ea 1at vac 0 K va Jca 1|ea 1|ea kh|ea
1am |ac mc 1acc Ihr|stcr
? Ihc| |aa mc Ihr|stcr (I
ca
l
!a khcaa thc| |aa t|ah ta saca tracc xaa 1|ea kh|ea 1ea thc| 1|em Jca 1|ea
taa 1ea 0,9 !
1m

9 Ihc| |aa khca Ihr|stcr (I
cff
l
!a khcaa thc| |aa t|ah ta thc| 1|em ! = 0 1ea thc| 1|em la| xaat h|ea 1|ea ap
thaaa trea AacJ ma Ihr|stcr khca chaea saa traa tha| mc
10 Icc 1c taa 1|ea ap thaaa chc phep (Ja Jtl
!a |a tr| lca ahat caa tcc 1c taa ap trea AacJ ma Ihr|stcr khca chaea ta
traa tha| khca saa traa tha| mc

11 Icc 1c taa Jca thaaa chc phep (J| Jtl
la |a tr| lca ahat caa tcc 1c taa Jca trca aa tr|ah mc Ihr|stcr
!V Hc Ihr|stcr
0ac ||ea phap mc Ihr|stcr
al Nh|et 1c
Nea ah|et 1c Ihr|stcr taa cac, sc laca 1|ea ta ta Jc se taa lea, Jaa 1ea
Jca 1|ea rc !c taa lea 9a taa Jca aa lam chc he sc traea 1|ea t|ch
1
,
2
taa
va Ihr|stcr 1acc mc Hc Ihr|stcr |aa phaca phap aa khca 1|ea kh|ea 1acc sa
cha hca lcaa caa Jca ah|et aea thaca 1acc lca| |c
| l |ea the cac
Nea phaa cac Ihr|stcr |aa mct 1|ea the lca hca 1|ea ap 1aah thaa U
1t
th|
Ihr|stcr mc Ia ah|ea phaca phap aa se lam chc Ihr|stcr || hca aea khca
1acc ap Jaa
c l Icc 1c taa 1|ea ap (JaJt l
Nea tcc 1c taa 1|ea ap thaaa 1at lea AacJ va 0atct th| Jca 1|ea t|ch caa ta
1|ea t|ep |ap cc kha aaa mc Ihr|stcr Ia ah|ea Jca 1|ea t|ch lca aa cc the pha
hca Ihr|stcr va cac th|et || |ac ve Ihca thaca tcc 1c taa 1|ea ap JaJt th| Jc
aha saa xaat a| 1|ah
Jl ca 1|ea kh|ea cac 0
Kh| Ihr|stcr 1a phaa cac thaaa ta 1aa Jca 1|ea kh|ea Jaca 1at vac ha| cac 0
& K th| Ihr|stcr Jaa, Jca !
0
caa taa th| U1t caa |am
V Khca Ihr|stcr
Khca Ihr|stcr tac la tra ac ve traa tha| |aa 1aa tracc kh| mc vc| 1a 1a cac
t|ah chat cc the 1|ea kh|ea 1acc ac 0c ha| phaca phap khca Ihr|stcr
0|am Jca 1|ea thaaa hcac cat aaca caa cap
at 1|ea ap aacc lea Ihr|stcr
Qaa tr|ah khca Ihr|stcr
Kh| 1at 1|ea ap aacc lea Ihr|stcr (h!7a l t|ep |ap J
1
, J
chaea J|ch aacc,

cca J
2
chaea J|ch thaaa c tac Jaa caa 1|ea traca aca|, cac lc trca trca lcp
l
2
cha aa J
ve 0atct va trca lcp N

1
lc trca cha aa J
1
ve AacJ tac aea Jca
1|ea aacc cha aa ta|, |a| 1caa aa ta t
c
t
1
( h!7| l Kh| cac lc trca || t|ea taa
het th| J
1
& J
(cha ea J
1
l aaa caa khca chc 1|ea t|ch t|ep tac cha aa, Jca
aacc |at 1aa |am xaca, ta t
1
t
2
c| la thc| |aa khca Ihr|stcr
Ihc| |aa khca aa thaca Ja| ap ? 10 laa thc| |aa mc
l
1
J
1
N
1
J
2
l
2
J
N
2
!
th
A
!
p
!
a
K
t
m
_
U k t
0
t
1
t
2
t
h!7a h!7|

V! Hct sc sc 1c cc |aa caa Ihr|stcr
1 9c 1c cha ea Jaa Ihr|stcr trca mach mct ch|ea
9aa kh| 1a h|ea ||et cac 1ac t|ah cc |aa caa Ihr|stcr ta ah|ea caa mct sc sc
1c cha ea 1e k|em chaa la| cac 1ac t|ah 1c ve phaca J|ea thac haah
h!9
h !9 |c| th|ea mct cca tac tc mct ch|ea 1ca |aa Jaa 1e 1|ea kh|ea |ca
1ea 12 Vclt,100mmA Nea caa th|et ta cc the tha ta| khac vac v| tr| caa |ca 1ea,
ahaa trca traca hcp ta| cam khaa th| caa pha| ac| sca sca mct |cJ
1
1e
traah chc mach khc| sa cc Jc sac 1|ea 1ca cam aa a ra Kh| 1ca hcac cat mach
Ihr|stcr Jaa trca mach aa cc the ch|a 1acc Jca 1|ea AacJ 1ea 2A va cc the
1acc 1ca (thca machl |c| Jca 1|ea 1|ea kh|ea |e cc va| tram m|l|Ampere ca
1|ea 1|ea kh|ea 1acc cap aa 1|ea trc |ac ve k
1
va aat aa 9
1
|ea trc k
2
1acc ac|
|aa cac kh|ea va 0atct Jaa 1e aaa cac 1c ca 1|ah caa mach 1|ea
Kh| ahaa 9
1
th| mach se 1ca 1|ea, mct kh| Ihr|stcr 1a mc th| Ja chc aat 9
1
hc
mach th| ac vaa Ja tr| traa tha| mc 1c Haca chc Ihr|stcr aaa Jaa ta ahaah
chca 1aa Jca 1|ea AacJ trc ve khca |aa cach ahaa aat 9
2
h!10 |c| th|ea mct phaca phap aat Ihr|stcr Ihac va, kh| I 1aa c traa
tha| mc, ta 0
1
1acc aap ta aaca aa 1|ea trc k
.
Kh| ta aa 9
2
la|, |aa cac Jaca caa ta ac| mass va ap trea ta lam chc AacJ caa
I trc thaah am, 1|ea aa a 1ac aacc phaa cac trea I va lam chc ac aat Ia 0
1
phca rat ahaah ahaa 1a 1e |a chc aacJ am trca va| phaa tr|ea |a, va Jc 1c
1am |ac chc I aaa Jaa 0aa cha raa aea 9
2
vaa |a traa tha| 1ca saa kh|
Jca ta| 1a 1acc aat, th| ta se 1acc aap aacc thca aa ta|, Jc 1c caa chca ta
khca phaa cac aha ta Hlar hcac ta lclester
H.I. 11
Hct phaca phap khac khca I |aa ta aha h!11 0 1a, aac| ta Jaa I
2
pha
1e tha the chc aat aa trca h!10 Ihr|stcr I
1
1acc aat |aa cach mc I
2
trca
khcaa thc| |aa rat aaa ahc mct xaa 1|ea 1|ea kh|ea rat ahc cha aa aat aa 9
2
v|
Jca AacJ caa ac 1acc cap aa k
cc |a tr| ahc hca Jca Ja tr|

h!12 |c| th|ea mct sc 1c Ihr|stcr ac| thec mach Jac 1ca Jaa 1e 1|ea kh|ea
ha| |ca 1ea r|ea ||et !l
1
& !l
2
0|a sa I
1
mc trca kh| I
2
aat ta 0
1
(lca| khca cc
cac t|ahl 1acc aap vc| cac t|ah Jaca ph|a !l
2
Kh| aa 9
2
, mach se chaea traa tha|, I
2
mc Jc tac Jaa caa cac 1|ea kh|ea va
I
1
se || ch|ah I
2
khca la| Jac| tac Jaa caa ta 0
1
ca thc| ta aa 1acc aap thec
ch|ea aacc la| Kh| ta 1acc aap 1a, traa tha| caa mach cc the tha 1c| aea ta aa
aat 9
1
kh| 1c I
2
aat ahc ta 0
1
Iraa tha| Jac 1ca aa cc the lap 1| lap la| ma|
H.I. 12
0ac mach h!9,h!10, h!11,h!12 1ea Jaa chc ta| cc 1|ah 1ca |aa thacc
lca| mach ta Ja tr|
H.I. 13a H.I. 13b
h!1 |c| th|ea mct he thca |ac 1ca 1ca |aa Jaa 1|ea mct ch|ea, vc| lca|
ta| khca l|ea tac aha chaca 1|ea, |c raa hcac cc| Kh| 1ca aaca, mct Jca 1|ea
se cha aa caca Ja phaa aa |c tr| trca mach cc ha| t|ep 1|em, Jca 1|ea 1c cam
aa ra ta traca trca caca Ja aea lam chc cac t|ep 1|em mc ra Kh| t|ep 1|em mc
Jca 1|ea || aat va ta traca caa || mat thec Ket aa la cac t|ep 1|em la| 1ca la|
Jca 1|ea cha aa caca Ja, h|ea taca aha trea ca the lap 1| lap la|
Hct ta| aha va 1acc xem aha mct cca tat tc 1ca mc thec cha k vc| tcc 1c
rat ahaah Kh| ta| trea 1acc ac| vac mach h!1a t|a h|ea |ac 1ca chi 1acc phat ra
aea 9
1
1ca c ta| cc 1|ea cam aea kh| sa Jaa vc| mach Ihr|stcr ta caa ac| sca
sca vc| mct J|cJ
1
caa J|a
Kh| caa th|et ta cc the lap sc 1c trea thec k|ea mach Ja tr| |aa cach ac| sca
sca vc| Jaa ca caah |ac mct 1|ea trc k
= 470 ( h!1| l Irca traca hcp aa,

kh| he thca |ac 1ca ta aat Jc raa Jca AacJ caa Ihr|stcr khca || tr|et t|ea,
ma chi |am 1ea mct |a tr| a| 1|ah |c| 1|ea trc k
va sac 1|ea 1ca caa aaca Nea

|a tr| aa lca hca Jca Ja tr| caa Ihr|stcr th| I se ta Ja tr| Nhaa 1|ea k|ea 1c
Jca AacJ se khca |am ve khca kh| t|a h|ea |ac 1ca chaea vac khcaa khe hc
Jca 1|ea |aa ha| laa raa, va Jc 1c I se || aat
Hach t|a h|ea |ac 1ca h!1 1acc Jaa ah|ea trca cac Jaa ca cc 1|ea ap
thap ( 1ea 12 vcltl aha chaca 1|ea, |c raa cc| c la ahaa Jaa ca 1|ea t|ea tha
Jca Jac| 2A 8c aaca pha| 1am |ac cap 1a mct 1|ea ap trea 15V sc vc| 1|ea ap
caa th|et 1e Jaa ca caah |ac hcat 1ca ||ah thaca lhaa 1|ea ap Jaa 1e |a vac
1|ea ap |ac hca caa Ihr|stcr kh| 1a thca

2 9c 1c cc |aa Jaa Ihr|stcr trca mach xca ch|ea
H.I. 14
h!14 tr|ah |a mct mach 1|ea taca 1aca aha Jaa khca 1ca cat thec
aaa cha k 1e 1|ea kh|ea |ca 1ea 100h ac| vc| aaca 1|ea xca ch|ea 120V hcac
240V Kh| khca 9
1
mc cac 1|ea kh|ea caa Ihr|stcr I aat va 1ea tat Nacc la|, aea
9
1
1ca c thc| 1|em khc| 1aa caa mc| aaa cha k Jaca I 1aa aat, Jc 1c tcaa |c
1|ea ap 1at lea cac 1|ea kh|ea aa 1ea, |cJ
1
& k
1
, kh| 1|ea ap 1a 1e mc| thca I
th| 1ea saa lea Ke ta lac I mc, 1|ea ap trea ac |am xaca |a tr| xap xi khca, Jc
1c Jca 1|ea kh|ea khca cca aaa !ac aa Jca AacJ cc |a tr| 1a lca aea I thac te
1acc Ja tr| c traa tha| mc trca sact aaa cha k Jaca Nc se ta 1ca aat vac
cac| aaa cha k aa kh| |a tr| Jca AacJ |am xaca khca
Qaa tr|ah aea trea se 1acc lap 1| lap la| thec cac aaa cha k aea ta |a 9
1
c
traa tha| 1ca Kh| mc 9
1
,I se aat va 1ea tat, v| aha 1a tr|ah |a,I khca vac mc|
cha k Jaca
|cJ
1
trca mach aa cc tac Jaa aaa khca chc 1|ea ap am 1at lea cac
kh|ea |ea trc k
1
cc |a tr| 1a ahc 1e chc phep mc| thca I vac 1aa aaa cha k
Jaca, ahaa ac caa pha| cc |a tr| 1a lca 1e haa che Jca 1|ea 1iah ahca trca cac
1|ea kh|ea c mct |a tr| th|ch aa Kh| ta 1ca 9
1
vac thc| 1|em cc 1|ea ap cac 1a|
trea 1aca Ja, caa cha raa 1iah ahca caa ap va Jca chi 1at lea 1|ea trc k
1
trca va| phaa tr|ea |a 1e mc| thca I, aea cca saat t|ea taa trea k
1
rat |e
H.I. 15
0c ah|ea cach Jaa Ihr|stcr 1e 1|ea kh|ea ca ha| aaa cha k trca mach xca
ch|ea Irca h!15 va h!15 1|ea ap xca ch|ea 1acc ||ea 1c| thaah 1|ea ap chiah
laa ( khca lcc l ahc caa |ca |cJ
1
,
2
,
,
4
|ea ap chiah laa 1c 1acc 1at lea
Ihr|stcr I Kh| khca 9
1
mc, I aat aea khca cc Jca 1|ea cha aa caa va ta| Kh|
9
1
1ca, I 1acc ac| thca aa ta 1aa mc| aaa cha k, aea tcaa |c cca saat 1acc
1at lea ta| Irca kh| I Jaa, cac 1|ea kh|ea mat tac Jaa mct cach ta 1ca, ahaa I
vaa |a c traa tha| mc trca sact ca aaa cha k aha |a| th|ch trea I se ta 1ca
aat vac cac| mc| aaa cha k kh| Jca AacJ |am xaca khca, Jc 1c sc 1c aa
Jaa 1e cap 1|ea chc ta| mct ch|ea 0 ph|a xca ch|ea caa caa chiah laa aac| ta 1at
caa ch| |ac ve kh| cc sa cc
H.I. 16
Irca h!15 ta| 1acc ac| c ph|a xca ch|ea caa caa, Jc 1c mach aa 1acc Jaa
1e 1|ea kh|ea ta| xca ch|ea Iraca hcp aa khca caa caa ch| |ac ve, v| ch|ah ta| 1a
cc tac Jaa haa che Jca 1|ea |a tr| chc phep kh| cc sa cc trca cac phaa ta
0ac| caa h!17 mac ha| Ihr|stcr I
1
& I
2
sca sca aacc ahaa 1e tac ra mct
sca hcaa chiah cap chc ta| Kh| 9
1
mc, cac kh|ea caa I
1
& I
2
khca 1acc cap 1|ea,
ta| khca t|ea tha aaa laca Kh| 9
1
1acc 1ca, cac kh|ea I
1
1acc cap 1|ea trca cac
aaa cha k Jaca thca aa J|cJ
2
, 1|ea trc k
2
va I
1
mc Nacc la| trca cac aaa
cha k am, I
2
1acc mc thca aa
1
va k
2
Nha va ta thac h|ea 1acc 1|ea kh|ea
tcaa sca

H.I. 17
0haca!!
0hlNh !UU 00 !!U Kh!!N UN0 IhYk!9I0k
Ihr|stcr thaca 1acc Jaa 1e 1|ea kh|ea cac th|et || Jaa 1|ea mct ch|ea aha
cac 1ca cc 1|ea mct ch|ea, lc 1|ea, cac ma haa 1|ea va 1ea ch|ea saa vc| h|ea saat
cac e mc 1acc Ihr|stcr caa pha| thca maa ha| 1|ea k|ea
- U
AK
> 0 va cc t|a h|ea Jaca U
0K
0c Jca !
0
tac 1ca vac cac 1|ea kh|ea 0 caa Ihr|stcr
c 1c Ihr|stcr thaca mc cham hca |cJ mct cc taca aa 0cc aa la
cc mc cham (cc k|chl caa Ihr|stcr
Iacc =
Iaa sc cc Jca 1|ea xca ch|ea
Ihc| |aa t|ah ta thc| 1|em mc |cJ taca aa (U
AK
|at 1aa Jacal 1ea
thc| 1|em mc Ihr|stcr (cc t|a h|ea 1|ea kh|ea !
0
l
Irca cac mach chiah laa Jaa Ihr|stcr, cac Ihr|stcr 1acc caa cap ta aaca
1|ea xca ch|ea mct pha hcac |a pha |ea aa cc ah|a la Ihr|stcr se khca la| kh|
Jca 1|ea aa ac 1| aa tr| sc khca, hcac ac || phaa cac a|ch mct cach ta ah|ea
thec a| laat caa aaca 1|ea xca ch|ea va t|ah chat chat caa pha ta|
! 0ac che 1c caa cap 1|ea chc mct pha ta| aa mach chiah laa Jaa Ihr|stcr
1. 0he 1c caa cap |aa 1caa 0he 1c aa Jca caa cap chc pha ta| khca
l|ea tac
e m|ah hca chc che 1c aa ta xet mach chiah laa mct pha mct aaa cha k,
cc sc 1c aaea l (h!!1al

H.II. 1a

9c 1c h!!1a, Ihr|stcr1acc 1|ea kh|ea |aa cac xaa Jca 1|ea !
0
xaat h|ea
cham saa 1|ea ap U mct cc aac 1c aha h!!1|
Kh| cc t|a h|ea !
0
,Ihr|stcr se mc, aea cc 1acc c| la cc mc cham caa
Ihr|stcr Kh| Ihr|stcr ap trea ha| 1aa pha ta| la
U
J
= U = U
m
s|at
ca ! aa pha ta| 1acc xac 1|ah |c| phaca tr|ah
!(J|Jtl k|J = U = U
m
s|at
Nh|em phaca tr|ah
e
t
L
R
A
t Sin
Z
Um
id

+ = *
Vc|
) (
2
2
L
R
Z

+ =

R
L
arctg

=
A la haa sc t|ch phaa 1acc xac 1|ah ta 1|ea k|ea |aa 1aa aa vac ||ea thac
|J ta cc 1aca cca |J |am 1ea khca va Ihr|stcr ta 1ca tat c 1c cc c| la
cc tat caa Ihr|stcr, Ihr|stcr t|ep tac aat chc 1ea thc| 1|em xaat h|ea xaa !
0
t|ep
thec c cha k saa caa 1|ea ap U
Nha va trca mc| cha k caa U Jca 1|ea aa pha ta| |J chi tca ta| trca
khcaa ta 1ea , cca ta 1ea 2 Jca |
J
= 0, tcm la| Jca aa pha ta| la Jca
|aa 1caa
2 0he 1c caa cap l|ea tac
0 che 1c aa Jca 1|ea aa pha ta| la mct Jca 1|ea l|ea tac (laca laca lca hca
khcal e m|ah hca che 1c aa ta xet mach chiah laa mct pha ha| aaa cha k
H.II. 2a
Irca sc 1c h!!2a cac Ihr|stcr I
1
& I
2
1acc 1|ea kh|ea |aa cac xaa Jca
1|ea !
01
va !
02
, c mc| cha k xaa 1|ea kh|ea !
01
1acc chc trea cac 1|ea kh|ea caa I
1
cham saa 1|ea ap a
1
mct cc , cca !
02
1acc chc trea cac 1|ea kh|ea I
2
cham saa !
01
mct cc aha h!!2|
- Ia| cc cc !
01
va U
1
> 0 aea I
1
mc va |a tr| Jca 1|ea ta| traa ||ah la

e i
t
T
t
R
A t Sin
Z
Um
id

) (
1
= =

va cc Jaa 1aca cca !
I1
c h!!2|
- Ia| cc , cc |
02
va U
2
> 0 aea I
2
mc, kh| I
2
mc U
k
= U
A 2
=
U
2
|ea ap trea I
1
lac 1c la U
A1k
= U
A 1
U
k
= U
1
U
2
< 0
aea I
1
khca la| Nha va kh| I
1
Jaa th| I
2
khca ha aacc la| kh| I
2
mc th| |
J
=|
I2
va cc Jaa |ca |
I1
c aaa cha k tracc 8a |c ta ha
xem 1|ea k|ea aac th| Jca |
J
aa pha ta| la l|ea tac, ta tha 1e |J l|ea
tac th| aa tracc kh| mc I
2
, Jca |
J
= |
I1
chaa |am 1ea 0 Nc| cach
khac Jca !
J
c cc va lca hca khca Ia cc

e id
L
R
A t Sin
Z
Um

+ = ) (

e
u
id
t
R
A Sin
Z
m
) (
) (

+
+
+ + =

e e
R
R
A Sin
Z
Um
+ = * ) (
V i
d
= i
d( + )
=i
do
, aea:

e
t
R
A Sin
Z
Um
+ ) (
e
t
R
A Sin
Z
Um ) (
) (

+
+ =
Ia 1a rat ra:
) 1 /( ) (
2
*
e e
L
R
L
R
Sin
Z
Um
A

=
Ta co:
) ( = Sin
Z
Um
ido ) 1 /( ) (
2
e
L
R
Sin
Z
Um

]
1
2
1 )[ (
e
L
R
Sin
Z
Um
=
)]
1
1
( )[ (
e
L
R
L
R
e
Sin
Z
Um
+
=
V :
0
1
1
( >
e
e
L
R
L
R
Nea 1e |Jc > 0 caa cc: 0 ) ( < Sin

Z
Um
sa ra 1|ea k|ea 1e

|
J
l|ea tac ( |
Jc
> 0l la 9|a( l < 0 hcac <
trong o = arctg L/R.
Nha va 1|ea k|ea 1e chiah laa mct pha ha| aaa cha k lam v|ec c che 1c caa
cap l|ea tac la cc mc cham Ihr|stcr <
!! 9c 1c chiah laa caa mct pha Jaa Ihr|stcr
1 0hiah laa caa mct pha Jaa Ihr|stcr vc| pha ta| la thaaa trc
9c 1c aaea l h!! a va 1c th| Jca ap h!! |
al 9a hcat 1ca caa mach va sa ||ea th|ea 1|ea ap va Jca 1|ea chiah laa
Irca mach h!!a Jaa 4 Ihr|stcr I
1
, I'
1
, I
2
, I
2
' cac Ihr|stcr 1acc 1|ea kh|ea
|aa cac xaa Jca 1|ea taca aa !
01
, !
01
' !
02
, !
02'
Hach chiah laa 1acc caa cap ta mct aaca 1|ea xca ch|ea aa ma ||ea ap
vc| 1|ea ap tha cap U
2
=U
2m
s|a t
H.II. 3a

0ac xaa 1|ea kh|ea !
01
, !
01
',!
02
, !
02
' cc caa cha k vc| U
2
ahaa xaat h|ea
khca 1ca thc| vc| U
2
, cac xaa !
01
, !
02
'xaat h|ea saa U
2
mct cc la
0ca cac xaa !
02
, !
01
' xaat h|ea saa U
2
mct cc (h!!|l
Irca aaa cha k 1aa U
2
(0 <=t < l, U
2
Jaca, cac Ihr|stcr I
1
, I
2
' 1acc
phaa cac thaaa c 1c t = (cc !
01
va !
0'2
l cac Ihr|stcr I
1
va I'
2
mc !ac 1c Jca
1|ea 1| ta 1|em A aa I
1
1ea H aa pha ta| k 1ea N aa I'
2
ve 8
0ac Ihr|stcr aa mc chc 1ea lac t = , ta| t = th| U
2
= 0 ca 1|ea
Ihr|stcr caa |aa khca (c mach thaaa trc Jca 1|ea caa pha 1|ea apl va
Ihr|stcr tat mct cach ta ah|ea
Irca thc| |aa Ihr|stcr aa mc ( =< =< l 1|ea ap chiah laa (1|ea ap
c ha| 1aa pha ta|l la
a
J
= a
2
= a
2m
9|a t,
ca aa pha ta| va Ihr|stcr
|
J
= |
I1
= a
J
k = a
2m
k 9|a t
0ca 1|ea ap trea I
1
la a
I1
= 0
9aa aaa cha k ha| caa a
2
( =< t = < 2 l, a
2
= 0, cac Ihr|stcr I
1
' va I
2
phaa cac thaaa c 1c ta| cc (cc |
01
va |'
01
l cac I
2
, I'
1
mc, Jca 1| ta 8 aa
I
2
1ea H aa k 1ea N aa I'
1
ve A 0ac Ihr|stcr aa mc chc 1ea t = 2 Ia| =
2 , U
2
= 0, Jca aa Ihr|stcr |aa 0 va Ihr|stcr aat Irca thc| |aa I
2
, I'
1
mc,
1|ea ap chiah laa la
a
J
= a
2
= a
2m
9|a t
Jca aa pha ta| va I
2
la |
J
= |
I2
= U
J
k = (a
2m
k l9|a t
Vc| sa mc caa I
2
va I'
1
, a
H
=a
8
va a
N
= a
A
!ac 1c 1|ea ap trea I'
2
va I
1
se la
a
I1
= a
A
a
H
= a
A
a
8
= a
2
< 0
a
I'2
= a
N
a
8
= a
A
a
8
= a
2
< 0
c 1c I
1
va I'
2
khca la| (|
I1
= 0l, aha va sa mc caa mct 1c| Ihr|stcr aa, se
Jaa 1ea sa khca mct cach ta ah|ea caa 1c| Ihr|stcr khac va cac 1aca cca ||ea
th|ea caa a
J
, |
J
va a
I1
cc Jaa h!!|
|l 0ac thca sc caa mach chiah laa caa mct pha Jaa Ihr|stcr kh| ta|
thaaa trc
- 0|a tr| traa ||ah caa 1|ea ap chiah laa
-
2
0
2
1
t d
u u
d do
Ia h!!|, ta cc
) cos 1 (
2
2
2
2
0

+ = =
u
u
m
do
t td Sin
U
2m
la ||ea 1c tha cap ma ||ea ap
Kh| ta 0 1ea th| a
Jc
caa tha 1c| ta U
2m
1ea 0 c 1c ta cc the
1|ea kh|ea U
Jc
|aa cach tha 1c|
0|a tr| 1|ea ap aacc cac 1a| trea mc| Ihr|stcr
a
amax
= a
2m
kh| =< 2
a
amax
= a
2m
9|a kh| >= 2
- he sc ahap ahc caa 1|ea ap chiah laa
K
0
= (a
Jmax
a
J m|a
l2a
Jc
c| vc| mach chiah laa aa a
Jm|a
= 0 , a
Jmax
= a
2m
, kh| =< 2 va
a
Jmax
= a
2m
9|a kh| > 2
c 1c kh| =< 2, ta cc
) cos 1 ( 2
2
min max
+
=
=
u
u u
do
d d
Ko
Kh| > 2, ta cc
) cos 1 ( 2
2
min max

+
=
=
Sin
Ko
u
u u
do
d d
0|a tr| traa ||ah caa Jca 1|ea aa pha ta|
) 1 (
2
Cos
R R
Id
u u m do
+ = =
Ir| sc cac 1a| !
max
, tr| sc h|ea Jaa ! va tr| sc traa ||ah |
c
caa Jca 1|ea aa mc|
Ihr|stcr
|
max
= |
J

max
= a
2m
k
cos sin
2 2
1
2
2
1
+
= =
R
t d I
u
i
m
T
2
) cos 1 (
2 2
1
2
1
Id
R
t d io
u
i
m
T
= + = =

Ir| sc h|ea Jaa !
2
caa Jca tha cap va cca saat 9 caa Ha ||ea ap 0 mc| aaa
cha k 1|ea ap a
2
, Jca 1|ea aa caca Ja tha cap ch|ah la Jca 1|ea aa cac
Ihr|stcr mc c 1c
= t d I
iT

2
1
2
2
2

2
cos
2
Sin
R
u m
+
=

2
cos
*
2
2 2
2 21
Sin
R
S
u u
I u
m m
+
= =

2
cos
2
2
2
2
Sin
R
u m
+
=
he sc cca saat caa mach tha cap Ha ||ea ap
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
) 1 (
Cos Sin
R
R
S S
Cos
u
Cos
u
I u P
m
m
d do d
+
= = =
+
2
2
2
) 1 ( 2
Cos Sin
Cos
+
=
+
2 0hiah laa caa mct pha Jaa Ihr|stcr vc| pha ta| k, !
9c 1c aaea l h!!4a va 1c th| ap Jca h!!4|
al 9a hcat 1ca caa mach va sa ||ea th|ea caa 1|ea ap va Jca 1|ea chiah laa
|ea kh|ea mc Ihr|stcr trca mach aa |ca aha vc| pha ta| thaaa trc, tac la
chaa ta Jaa cac xaa Jca 1|ea kh|ea |
01
,!'
01
,|
02
,!'
02
cc caa cha k vc| 1|ea ap a
2

9ca !
01
va !'
02
cham saa a
2
mct cc , cca !
02
va !'
01
cham saa a
2
mct cc
Irca aaa cha k 1aa caa 1|ea ap a
2
( 0 =< t =< l , a
2
> 0 cac Ihr|stcr I
1
va I
2
' mc ca 1|ea 1| ta 1|em A aa I
1
1ea H aa pha ta| 1ea N va aa I'
2
ve 1|em
8
H.II. 4a

|ea ap chiah laa (c ha| 1aa pha ta|l
a
J
= a
2
= a
2m
s|a t
- |ea ap trea I
1
la a
I1
= 0
- ca 1|ea aa pha ta| |J 1acc xac 1|ah
!(J|
J
Jtl k|
J
= a
2
= a
2m
9|a t
0|a| ra ta 1acc
e
u
i
t
L
R
m
d
A t Sin
Z

+ = ) (
2
Vc|
L R
Z

2 2
+ =
= Art !k
A haa sc t|ch phaa xac 1|ah ta 1|ea k|ea |aa 1aa
Irca aaaa cha k saa caa 1|ea ap a
2
( =< =<2 l , a
2
< 0, I
1
' va I
2
phaa
cac thaaa c 1c ta| cc pha t = (cc |
01
va |'
01
l cac Ihr|stcr I
2
, I'
1
mc, lac
1c Jca 1|ea 1| ta 8 aa I
2
1ea H aa pha ta| 1ea N aa I'
1
ve A
|ea ap chiah laa la
a
J
= a
2
= a
2m
9|a t
ca1|ea chiah laa |
J
||ea th|ea |ca aha aaa cha k 1aa sa mc caa I
2
va I'
1
lam chc a
H
=a
8
va a
N
= a
A
!ac 1c 1|ea ap trea I'
2
va I
1
ta| t = , se la
a
I1
= a
A
a
H
= a
A
a
8
= a
2
< 0
a
I'2
= a
N
a
8
= a
A
a
8
= a
2
< 0
|ea 1c lam chc I
1
va I'
2
aat mct cach ta ah|ea
| l 0ac thca sc caa mach chiah laa
- 0|a tr| traa ||ah 1|ea ap chiah laa
Cos
t td Sin d
u u
u U u
m do
m d do
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
=
= =

Nha va kh| tha 1c| cc caa Ihr|stcr ta 0 1ea 2 ta cc the 1|ea kh|ea U
Jc
ta 2a
2m
1ea 0
- |ea ap cac 1a| trea mc| Ihr|stcr
a
amax
=a
2m
- he sc ahap ahc caa 1|ea ap chiah laa
K = ( a
Jmax
a
Jm|a
l 2a
Jc
, ma a
max
= 2a
2m
a
Jm|a
= a
2m
9|a ( l= a
2m
s|a

) 1 (sin
cos 4
2
2
) sin 1 (
2
2
+ =
+
=
Cos
K
u
u
m
m
0|a tr| traa ||ah caa Jca 1|ea aa pha ta|
t d Id
id

=
2
0
2
1
Ihec 1aca cca h!!4| th|
t d Id
i
d

+
=
0
2
2
ma |
J
1acc xac 1|ah ta phaca tr|ah ! ( J
|J
Jt l k|
J
= a
J
!a t|ch phaa ha| ve
t d t d
R
did
L
i i
d d

+ + +
= +
1
Ia 1aca cca h!!4| ta cc

t d Id
id

+
=
2
0
1
|
J( l
=|
J

( l
= !
c,
Jc 1c
0 = =

+ Io
io
did did

0ca
udo
t d ud
RId t did
R
=
=
+
+

.
1
Nha va ta cc k!
J
= a
Jc
ha !
J
= U
Jc
k = (2k la
2m
ccs
Iraca hcp pha ta| cc 1|ea cam ! rat lca th| |
J
cc |a tr| khca 1c| va |aa tr|
sc traa ||ah !
J
caa ac
- Ir| cac 1a| !
max
, tr| sc h|ea Jaa ! va tr| sc traa ||ah |
c
caa Jca 1|ea aa
Ihr|stcr
e t|ah tcaa ta |a sa |
J
= !
J
= ccast
!ac 1c |
max
= !
J

2 2
1
2
2
1 2
Id
t d
Id
t d I
i i
i
d o
d
= =
= =
+
+
- Ir| sc h|ea Jaa caa Jca tha cap !

2
va cca saat 9 caa ma ||ea ap
0 mc| cha k caa a
2
, Jca 1|ea aa caca Ja tha cap ch|ah la Jca 1|ea aa cac
Ihr|stcr mc c 1c
Cos
R
S
t d
u I
u
I u
I i I
m d
m
d d
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
= = =
= =
+
- he sc cca saat caa mach tha cap Ha 8|ea Ap
-
R Cos
Id Udo
S S
Cos
U
I u P
m
d do d

/ 2
.
2
2
2
= = =
cos
2 2
. 2
4
/ 2
. / 2 (
2
2
/ ) 2
2
= = = Cos
R Cos
Cos
U
U
m
R Cos m
Kh| cc mc caa lca th| 0cs
2
caa |e
!!! Hach chiah laa caa mct pha khca 1c| xaa
1 9c 1c mach va aaea l hcat 1ca
Irca sc 1c h!!5a sa Jaa ha| Ihr|stcr I
1
va I
2
, ha| J|cJ '
1
va '
2
V|ec tha
the cac Ihr|stcr |aa cac J|cJ la |am |a thaah caa cac mach chiah laa ma vaa 1|ea
kh|ea 1acc U
Jc
0ac Ihr|stcr I
1
va I
2
1acc 1|ea kh|ea |aa cac xaa Jca 1|ea !
01
, !
02
xaat h|ea cham saa 1|ea ap a
2
mct cc va
H.II. 5a
Irca aaa cha k 1aa caa a
2
(0 =< t =< l, a
2
> 0, I
1
va '
2
phaa cac
thaaa '
2
Jaa aa ta| cc t = 0, sca pha| 1c| 1ea cc pha t = (cc t|a h|ea
|
01
l th| I
1
mc| mc va mach 1|ea mc| thca ta A aa I
1
1ea H aa pha ta| 1ea N aa
'
2
ve 8 !ac aa 1|ea ap trea ha| 1aa pha ta| H va N la a
J
= a
2
|ea ap trea I
1
va '
2
a
I1
= a
'2
= 0
0|a th|et pha ta| cc 1|ea cam ! lca, Jca aa pha ta| la khca 1c| va |aa tr| sc
traa ||ah caa ac !
J

Irca aaa cha k saa caa a
2
( =< t =< 2 l, a
2
< 0,I
2
va '
1
phaa cac
thaaa, '
1
Jaa aa ta| cc t = , sca pha| 1c| 1ea cc pha t = (cc t|a
h|ea |
01
l th| I
2
mc| mc va mach 1|ea mc| thca ta 8 aa I
2
1ea H aa pha ta| 1ea N
aa '
1
ve A !ac aa 1|ea ap trea ha| 1aa pha ta| H va N la
a
J
= a
2

c I
2
va '
1
mc aea 1|ea ap ta| 1|em N va H la U
N
= U
A
= U
2,
U
H
= U
8
= U
2
|ea ap trea '
2
a
'2
= a
N
a
8
=a
A
a
8
= a
2
< 0
c 1c
2
aat |ea ap c ha| 1aa pha ta| a
J
= a
8A
= = a
2

|ea ap trea I
1
a
I1
= a
'2
= a
A
a
H
= a
A
a
8
= a
2
< 0 c 1c I1 va '2 aat
mct cach ta ah|ea
I
2
mc chc 1ea thc| 1|em t = 2 9aa t = 2, mach hcat 1ca trc la| aha
cha k| vaa xet Irea cc sc hcat 1ca caa mach aha trea ta cc 1aca cca a
J
, a
I1
, a
I2
,
!
0

2. 0ac thca sc caa mach
- 0|a tr| traa ||ah 1|ea ap chiah laa

0 0
) 1 (
2
2
2
2
2
= =
+ = =
u
u
u
u u
m
do
m
m do
th Khi
Cos t td Sin
|ea ap aacc lca ahat trea mc| Ihr|stcr va |cJ
a
amax
= a
2m
- he sc ahap ahc 1|ea ap chiah laa
K = ( a
Jmax
a
Jm|a
l2a
Jc
Ihec 1aca cca h!!5| th|
a
Jm|a
= 0
a
Jmax
= a
2m
kh| =< 2
a
Jmax
= a
2m
9|a , kh| > 2
) cos 1 ( 2
) cos 1 (
2
2 /
) cos 1 ( 2
) cos 1 (
2
2 /
2
2
2
2

+
=
+
= >
+
=
+
=
Sin
Sin
K thi khi
K thi khi
u
u
u
u
m
m
m
m

- 0|a tr| traa ||ah Jca 1|ea aa pha ta|
0|a th|et pha ta| la 1|ea cam ! rat lca va Jca 1|ea aa pha ta| |
J
cc tr| sc khca
1c| |
J
= !
J
c aaa laca t|ea tha trca trca 1|ea cam ! trca mct cha k la |aa 0 va
aaa laca t|ea tha trca pha ta| trca mct cha k la
ht = k !
2
J
I
Vc| I la cha k 1|ea ap
0ca aaa laca aaca caa cap chc pha ta| trca mct cha k

dt Wn
i u d d
=

2
Kh| tha |
J
= !
J
= ccast, ta cc
dt Id Wn
u
d
=

2
ha| aaa laca ht va ha pha| |aa ahaa
dt Id dt R
u I d d
=

2
2
Nhaa ha| ve phaca tr|ah chc , tha I = 2, a
J
= a
2m
9|a t,

R R
t td Sin
R
t d t Sin Id R
u u
u I
u I
do m
m d
m d
= + = =
=
) cos 1 (
1
2 2
2
2
2
2

ca 1|ea traa ||ah aa mc| Ihr|stcr (!
I
l
V| I
1
Jaa trca khcaa =< t =<
I'
1
Jaa trca khcaa =< t =< 2
Kh| Ihr|stcr mc, Jca aa ac ch|ah la Jca aa pha ta|
|
J
= !
J
= ccast

2 / ) (
2
1
= =
I I I d d T
t d
ca 1|ea traa ||ah aa mc| |cJ
0 =< t =< , '
2
mc
=< =< 2
Kh| |cJ mc Jca aa ac ch|ah la Jca aa pha ta|

2 / ) (
2
1
0
= =
+
I I I d d D
t d
Ir| sc h|ea Jaa caa Jca 1|ea tha cap Ha 8|ea Ap ( H8Al !
2
ca 1|ea chi aa caca Ja tha cap trca thc| |aa I
1
mc ( =< t =< l va I'
1
mc ( =< t =< 2l
Ir| sc Jca tha cap ch|ah la Jca aa pha ta| |
J
= !
J
= ccast
= = =
1 / ) (
2
2
1
2 I I
I
I d d
t d
d
0ca saat H8A
+
= = = 1 )
cos 1
(
2
1
2
2
2 2
2 2 2
R
u
I
u
I u S
m
d
m
he sc cca saat caa mach tha cap
)
1
1
(
2
1
2
) 1 (
1
2
2
2
2 2
2
+
=
+
=
= =
Cos
Cos
Id
Cos
u
u
u
I u
S
P
m
m
m
d do d
!V Hach chiah laa |a pha h|ah t|a Jaa Ihr|stcr
1 9c 1c mach va aaea l hcat 1ca
H.II. 6a
e 1|ea kh|ea cac Ihr|stcr I
1
,I
2
,I
aac| ta 1aa ra cac xaa Jca 1|ea kh|ea |

01
,
|
02
, |
0
, 0ac xaa 1|ea kh|ea aa cc caa cha k vc| cac 1|ea ap tha cap U
1
, U
2
, U

caa ma ||ea ap aaca |a pha Iha ta phat cac xaa 1|ea kh|ea la |
01
1ea |
02
1ea |
0
cach ahaa mct cc pha 2
Va trca mc| cha k ta| cc pha
1
= 5, I
1
mc v| |
01
va a
1
lca ahat
Ia| cc pha
2
= 5 2, I
2
mc v| |
02
va a
2
lca ahat
Ia| cc pha

= 5 4, I
mc v| |
0
va a

lca ahat
Kh| mct Ihr|stcr mc th| ha| Ihr|stcr khac la| khca
Irca khcaa
1
=< t =<
2
th| I
1
mc, Jca 1|ea 1| ta A aa I
1
1ea H aa
pha ta| 1ea N ve 1|em 0 Ap trea ha| 1aa pha ta| la
aJ = a
1
,
a
I1
= 0 (ap trea Ihr|stcr I
1
Irca khcaa
2
=< t =<

th| I
2
mc, Jca 1|ea 1| ta 8 aa I
2
1ea H aa
pha ta| 1ea N ve 1|em 0 Ap trea ha| 1aa pha ta|
a
J
= a
2
9a mc caa I
2
lam chc a
H
= a
8
va ap trea I
1
la
a
I1
= a
A
a
H
= a
A
a
8
= a
1
a
2
= a
12
Irca khcaa thc| |aa

=< t =<
4
th| I
mc, Jca 1|ea 1| ta 1|em 0 aa

I
1ea H aa pha ta| 1ea N ve 1|em 0

Ap trea ha| 1aa pha ta| la a
J
= a
9a mc I
lam chc a
H
= a
0
va ap trea I
1
la
a
I1
= a
A
a
H
= a
A
a
0
= a
1
a
= a
1
2 0ac thca sc mach

0|a tr| traa ||ah caa 1|ea ap chiah laa
Cos t td Sin t td Sin

u u u u
m m m do
2
3 3
2
3
2
3
6
5
6
1
2
= = =

+
+
a
m
||ea 1c 1|ea ap tha cap mct pha
|ea ap aacc trea mc| Ihr|stcr

u u
m ng
3
max
=
- he sc ahap ahc 1|ea ap chiah laa

u
u u
do
d d
K
2
min max
=
Kh| < th| a
Jmax
= a
m

a
Jm|a
= a
m
s|a
2
= a
m
9|a (5 5 l = a
m
0cs( l
Kh| =< =< 2 th|
a
Jmax
= a
m
9|a ( 5 l = a
m
0cs( l
a
Jm|a
= a
m
s|a
2
= a
m
0cs( l
Nha va vc| 0 =< =< th|
)
)
3
cos( 1
(
3 3
2
3 6
)
3
cos(
Cos
Cos
K
u
u u
m
m m
+
=
+
=
0ca vc| =< =< 2 th|
tag
Cos
Cos
K
u
u
m
m
3
)
)
3
cos( )
3
cos(
(
3 3
2
3 6
)
3
cos( )
3
cos(
=
+
=
+
=
0|a tr| traa ||ah Jca 1|ea pha ta|
Cos
R R
u
u
I m
do
d
2
3 3
= =
0|a tr| traa ||ah |
c
, |a tr| h|ea Jaa !, |a tr| cac 1a| |
max
caa Jca 1|ea aa mc|
Ihr|stcr
|
c
= !
J

! = !
J

|
max
= !
J
- Ir| sc h|ea Jaa caa Jca 1|ea tha cap !
2,
va cca saat caa H8A 9
2
V| Jca 1|ea tha cap mc| pha la Jca 1|ea aa Ihr|stcr trea pha 1c c 1c
R
Cos
Cos
R
u
u
u
I u
I S
I
I
m
m
d m
d
2 2
9
3 2
3 3
2
3
3 2
3 3
3
2
2
2 2
2
= = = =
=
Cos
Cos
S
Cos
u
u
I
u
I u P
m
m
d
m
d do d
2
2 3
6
3
2
3 3
6
3
2
= = = =
V Hach chiah laa caa |a pha 1c| xaa Jaa Ihr|stcr
1 9c 1c aaea l va hcat 1ca caa mach
H.II. 7a
Irca sc 1c h!!7a aac| ta Jaa saa Ihr|stcr I
1
, I
2
, I
, I'
1
,I'
2
,I'
e 1|ea kh|ea
mc cac Ihr|stcr aa aac| ta thaca Jaa mct ma phat xaa Jca 1|ea 1|ea kh|ea
|
0
0ac xaa Jca 1|ea |
0
phat ra thec tha ta |
01
,!'
0
, |
02
, |'
01
,|
0
,|'
02
cach ahaa mct
khcaa = aha h!!7| Nca| ra |
01
cham pha hca sc a
1
mct cc
1
= 5
0aa |ca aha mach chiah laa |a pha Jaa J|cJ, cac Ihr|stcr ch|a lam ha| ahcm
- Nhcm 0atcJ chaa I
1
,I
2
,I
va ahcm AacJ chaa la I'

1
,I'
2
,I'
Hc| Ihr|stcr
trca ahcm 0atcJ chaa se mc kh| 1|ea ap pha caa caca Ja tha cap ac| vc|
ac la lca ahat va ac cc t|a h|ea 1|ea kh|ea |
0
0ca mc| Ihr|stcr trca ahcm
Aact chaa se mc kh| 1|ea ap pha caa caca Ja tha cap ac| vc| ac la am ahat
va ac cc t|a h|ea 1|ea kh|ea |
0
Kh| mct trca |a Ihr|stcr ahcm mc th| ha|
Ihr|stcr cca la| caa ahcm se khca 0|a th|et raa pha ta| caa mach cc 1|ea
cam ! rat lca, aea mach lam v|ec trca che 1c l|ea tac caa Jca 1|ea pha ta|
va |a tr| Jca 1|ea aa |aa tr| sc traa ||ah caa ac !
J
Nha va ta| cc pha

1
, I
1
mc (a
1
la lca ahatva cc t|a h|ea |
01
l I
1
se mc chc
1ea
(ta|
, I
2
mc va I
1
khca la|l
Ia|
2
th| I'
mc (a
la ahc ahat va cc t|a h|ea !'

0
l va I
se mc chc 1ea
4
(ta|
4
, I'
1
se mc va I'
khca la|l
Iaca ta I
2
se mc trca khcaa

=< =<
5

I
mc trca khcaa
5
=< =<
7
I'
1
mc trca khcaa
4
=< =<
5

I'
2
mc trca khcaa
5
=< =<
?
- Irca khcaa
1
=< =<
2
, I
1
, I'
2
mc ca 1|ea 1| ta 1|em A aa I
1
1ea H
aa pha ta| 1ea N aa I'
2
ve 1|em 8
J
= a
A
a
8
= a
1
a
2
= a
12

Ap trea I
1
la a
I1
= 0
Irca khcaa
2
=< =<

, I
1
, I'
mc ca 1|ea 1| ta 8 aa I
1
aa pha ta|,
aa I'
ve 0
J
= a
A
a
0
= a = a= = a
1

Ap trea I
1
la a
I1
= 0
Irca khcaa
=< =<
4
, I
2
, I'
2
aa pha ta|,
aa I'
ve 0
J
= a
8
a
0
= a
2
a
= a
2
Ap trea I
1
la a
I1
= 0
Kh| I
2
mc th| a
H
= a
8
= a
2

a
I1
= a
A
a
H
= a
A
a
8
= a
1
a
2
= a
12
Irca khcaa
4
=< =<
5
, I
2
, I'
1
2,
aa pha ta|,
aa I'
1
ve A
J
= a
8
a
A
= a
2
a
1
= a
2 1
Ap trea I
1
la a
I1
= a
A
a
H
= a
A
a
8
= a
1
a
2
= a
12
Irca khcaa
5
=< =<
5,
I
, I'
1
,
aa pha ta|,
aa I'
1
ve A
J
= a
0
a
A
= a
a
1
= a
1
Ap trea I
1
la a
I1
= a
A
a
H
= a
A
a
0
= a
1
a
= a
1

Irca khcaa
5
=< =<
1
, I
, I'
2
,
aa pha ta|,
aa I'
2
ve 8
J
= a
0
a
8
= a

a
2
= a
2
Ap trea I
1
la a
I1
= a
A
a
H
= a
A
a
0
= a
1
a
= a
1

2 0ac thca sc caa mach
2
0
2
1
t d
u u
d do
Ia 1aca cca h!!7|, ta cc
Cos
t d t Cos
t d t Sin t Sin
t d
u u
u
u
u u u
m do
m
m
do
3 3
) 3 / (
3
)] ( [
2
6
) (
2
6
2 /
6 /
0
2 /
6 /
2
1
2 1
120
=
=
=
=
+
+
+
+
Kh| tha 1c| ta 0 1ea 2th| cc the tha 1c| |a tr| traa ||ah 1|ea ap chiah
laa ta a
m
1ea 0
|ea ap aacc cac 1a| trea mc| Ihr|stcr
a
amax
= a
m
- 0|a tr| traa ||ah caa Jca 1|ea aa pha ta|

Cos
R R
Id
u
u
m
do
3 3
= =
- Ir| sc cac 1a| |
max
, |a tr| h|ea Jaa !, |a tr| traa ||ah |
c
caa Jca 1|ea aa
mc| Ihr|stcr
|
max
= !
J
|
c
= !
J

3
Id
I =
- Ir| sc h|ea Jaa caa Jca 1|ea tha cap !
2
va cca saat 9 caa H8A
Ia h!!7| tha raa c mc| cha k trca khcaa
1
=< t =<
th| I1 mc,
Jca tha cap |
2
= !J 0ca trca khcaa
4
=< t =<
5
th| I'
1
mc, Jca 1|ea
tha cap |
2
= !
J
aea ta cc
2
4 6 1 3
( [
2
1
2
6
4
2 3
1
2
)
+
=
+ =

I
I I
d
d
t d
d
t d I
Kh| tha

1
=
5

4
= 2 ta 1acc
2
3
2
3 3
816 . 0
2
3
2
2
Id u S
Id Id I
u
I
m
= =
=
Iha
udo
Cos
Um
3 3
=
Ia cc
I u I u d do d do
Cos Cos
S

05 . 1
3
= =
Cos O
Cos
S
Cos
I u
I u P
d do
do do d
95 .
05 . 1
2
= = =
Va aea caa lca th| ccs caa ahc va ccs
2
caa ahc
V! Hach chiah laa caa |a pha khca 1c| xaa
H.II. 8a

Irca sc 1c h!!?a sa Jaa |a Ihr|stcr I
1
,I
2
,I
va cac |cJe '

1
,'
2
, '
0ac
Ihr|stcr I
1
,I
2
, I
1acc 1|ea kh|ea |aa cac xaa Jca 1|ea 1|ea kh|ea |
01
, |
02
,|
0
Hc|
Ihr|stcr chi mc kh| cc t|a h|ea |
0
va 1|ea ap trea caca Ja tha cap ac| vc| ac la lca
ahat trca sc |a 1|ea ap a
1
,a
2
, a
Nca| ra ta caa |a th|et raa pha ta| cc 1|ea cam

! lca aea mach lam v|ec trca che 1c l|ea tac caa cap chc pha ta| vc| Jca 1|ea pha
ta| cc tr| sc khca 1c| va |aa |a tr| traa ||ah caa ac !
J
Irca che 1c aa mc|
Ihr|stcr se t|ep tac mc chc 1ea lac mct Ihr|stcr khac mc
0ca mc| |cJe trca ahcm |a J|cJe '
1
, '
2
, '
se mc trca khcaa thc| |aa ma

1|ea ap trea caca Ja tha cap ac| vc| ac cc tr| sc |e ahat (am ahatl trca sc a
1
,a
2
,a
Kh| cc mc caa Ihr|stcr < ta cc 1c th| ||ea th|ea caa 1|ea ap va Jca
1|ea chiah laa h|ah h!!?|, cca > , ta cc 1c th| ||ea th|ea caa 1|ea ap va Jca
1|ea chiah laa h!!?c
Irea cac 1c th| aa aac| ta ||ea J|ea cac khcaa mc caa Ihr|stcr va |cJe Ia
tha raa kh| > (h!!?cl trea 1c th| tca ta| ahaa khcaa mc 1ca thc|
Ihr|stcr va |cJe 1acc ac| vc| caa mct Ja aaa tha cap
V| Ja trca khcaa
=< =<
4
, I
1
va
1
1acc mc 1ca thc| Irca khcaa
aa pha ta| || ac| tat |c| I
1
va
1
va 1|ea ap c ha| 1aa pha ta| U
J
= 0 0ca kh| <
(h!!?|l trea 1c th| khca tca ta| aham khcaa mc 1ca thc| ha| l|ah k|ea
Ihr|stcr va |cJe 1acc ac| vc| caa mct pha caa aaca 1|ea
20ac thca sc caa mach

2
0
2
1
t d
u u
d do
ma a
J
= a
H
a
N
Irca khcaa
1
=< =<
, I
1
mc, a
H
= a
1

=< =<
5,
I
2
mc, a
H
= a
2
5
=< =< 2, I
mc, a
H
= a
c 1c |a tr| traa ||ah caa a

H
la
cos
2
3 3
2
3
2
3
6 / 5
6
3
1
u u u
u u
m m M
m M
t td Sin
t td Sin
= =
=
+
+
Vc|
1
= 5

2
=
1
2
Iaca ta
2
=< =<
4
, '
mc, a
N
= a

4
=< =<
5
, '
1
mc, a
N
= a
1

5
=< =< 2 '
2
mc, a
N
= a
2
Va 0 = < =<
2
c 1c |a tr| traa ||ah caa a
N
la
m
m m N
U t td Sin t td Sin
u u u

2
3 3
2
3
2
3
6
11
6
7
6
4
= = =

Vay :
) 1 (
2
3 3
Cos udo
u u
N M
+ = =
Kh| tha 1c| ta 0 1ea ta cc the tha 1c| a
Jc
ta ( 2 la
m
1ea 0
- |ea ap aacc cac 1a| trea mc| Ihr|stcr hcac |cJ

u u
m ng
3
max
=
Ir| sc traa ||ah caa Jca pha ta|

( )
Cos
R R
u
u
I n
do
d
+ = = 1
2
3 3
- Ir| sc cac 1a| |
max
, tr| sc traa ||ah |
c
, tr| sc h|ea Jaa ! caa Jca 1|ea aa
mc| Ihr|stcr hcac J|cJe
V| mc| Ihr|stcr hcac |cJ Jaa trca 1 cha k va kh| mc Jca 1|ea aa ac
ch|ah la Jca pha ta| |
J
= !
J
aea
3
3
max
I
I
i
I i
d
d
o
d
I =
=
=
Ir| sc h|ea Jaa caa Jca 1|ea tha cap !
2
va cca saat 9 caa H8A
0c ha| traca hcp 1e t|a !
2

Kh| < ( h!!?|l pha ta| khca || aaa mach |c| sa mc 1ca thc| caa
Ihr|stcr va J|cJe 1acc ac| caa mct pha caa aaca
Irca khcaa
1
=< =<
, I
1
mc Jca tha cap |
2
= !
J
,
Irca khcaa
4
=< =< =, '
1
mc Jca tha cap |
2
= !
J
Va
Id Udo
Cos
u S
thay
t d
d
t d
I
u
I
I I
I
I
I I
d
m
d
d
d
.
) 1 (
09 , 2
3
2
2
3 3
. 3 / 2
3
2
4 6 1 3
.
) 4 6 1 3 (
2
1
2
1
2
2
3
1
6
3
2
2
2
) (
+
= = =
=
= =
+ =
+ =

Kh| > (h!!?cl th|
4
= (75l <
= 55
c 1c I
1
va '
1
mc 1ca thc| trca khcaa
4
=< =<
Irca khcaa aa
pha ta| 1acc ac| tat aa I
1
va '
1
va Jca 1|ea tha cap |
2
=0 aea ta cc
3
+
=
+
=
= =
=
+ = =
+ = =
+ =
+ =

1
) 1 (
56 . 2
1
) 1 ( 6
2
1
2
3 3
. 1
6
5
3 ,
6
11
6
6
1 ,
6
7
4
.
) 3 6 1 4 (
2
1
2
1
2
2
4
1
6
3
2
2
2
) (
I u I
u
I
u
I
I I
I
I
I I
d do d
do
d
m
d
d
d
Cos
S
Cos
u S
thay
t d
d
t d
-he sc cca saat caa mach tha cap H8A:
Cos
2
= P
d
/S
-
) 1 (
1
1
39 . 0
1 56 . 2
1
1
1
56 . 2 3
) 1 ( 48 . 0
09 . 2
1
1
09 . 2
3
2
2
Cos
Cos
Cos
Cos Khi
Cos
Cos
Cos
Cos Khi
I u
I u
I u
I u
d do
d do
d do
d do
+
+
=
+
= >
+
+
=
+
= <
V!! Hct sc mach 1|ea kh|ea Ihr|stcr t|ea ||ea
1 Hach 1|ea kh|ea Ihr|stcr Jaa khaa lech pha k0

H.II. 9a
Irca mach aa aac| ta Jaa khaa lech pha k0 1e 1|ea kh|ea cc lech pha |aa
1|ea ap Aact caa cap chc Ihr|stcr va 1|ea ap 1|ea kh|ea U
0K
Ihat va 1|ea ap Aact
U
a
1acc 1aa vac caca Ja sc cap ma ||ea ap caa khaa lech pha k0 0ca 1|ea ap ra
caa khaa aa 1acc 1aa 1ea ha| cac 0 va K caa Ihr|stcr aa 1|ea trc k
0
va J|ct c
1c c aaa cha k Jaca caa 1|ea ap ra U
0,
Jca 1|ea 1|ea kh|ea !
0
caa pha va ti le
vc| U
0
c th| ||ea th|ea 1|ea ap U
a
va Jca 1|ea |
0
aha h|ah h!!9| Ia ||et la cc
lech pha |aa U
a
va |
0
cc the 1acc tha 1c| |aa cach tha 1c| 1|ea trc k caa khaa
lech pha k0
- Ua 1|em ahacc 1|em caa mach
- Ua 1|em
Hach 1ca |aa Je lap rap
!|ah k|ea Je tha the
- Nhacc 1|em
Hach chi lam v|ec c cac aaa cha k Jaca
Khca lam v|ec trca cac aaa cha k am
Khc 1|ea chiah khaa lech pha k0
|ea ap 1|ea kh|ea chi tha 1c| thec ch|ea aaa
2 Hach 1|ea kh|ea Ihr|stcr Jaa 1|ea ap mct ch|ea va khaa lech pha k0
H.II.10
0ac 1|ea trc k
1
, k
2
, k
0
Jaa 1e haa che Jca 1|ea kh|ea !
0
va 1|ea ap 1|ea kh|ea
U
0K
haa aha khca 1c| Irca mach aa (h!!10l aac| ta Jaa them mct aaca 1|ea
mct ch|ea ! mac |aa 1|em 0 caa khaa lech pha k0 va cac K caa Ihr|stcr c 1c
1|ea ap caa cap chc mach 1|ea kh|ea Ihr|stcr la
U
K
= ! U
c
Nca| ra khaa lech pha k0 caa mach 1|ea aa ma ||ea ap 1acc aaa sac chc 1|ea
ap tha cap U
A8
aacc pha vc| 1|ea ap sc cap U
a
va k = 1 0 khca 1c| c 1c 1|ea
ap U
c
cc pha cham saa U
a
mct cc khca 1c| = arct k0 = 2 arct1 = 2
Nea U
a
= U
am
9|a t th| U
c
= U
rm
9|a(t 2 l = U
rm
0cst
Va U
k
= ! U
c
= ! U
rm
0cst, cca Jca 1|ea 1|ea kh|ea !
0
cc pha traa vc|
U
K

- Ua ahacc 1|em caa mach
Hach 1ca|aa Je lap rap
!|ah k|ea Je tha the
- Nhacc 1|em
Hach chi lam v|ec c cac aaa cha k Jaca
0cc mc cham chi tha 1c| ta 0 1ea 1?0
0
Khc 1|ea chiah khaa lech pha k0
|ea ap 1|ea kh|ea U
K
chi tha 1c| thec ch|ea trac thaa
1aa
2 Hach 1|ea kh|ea Ihr|stcr Jaa Iraas|stcr mct mat hep (UJIl
H.II. 11a
Hach h!!11a Ihr|stcr va Iraas|stcr mct mat hep UJI 1acc caa cap 1|ea ta
mct aaca 1|ea xca ch|ea chaa Uac aa mct |c chiah laa ha| aaa cha k 1,
2 |ea ap ra |c chiah laa aa cc Jaa ahap ahc aha h!!11| 9aa 1c ahc
3 ,
1|ea ap U
J
1acc saa phaa va 1|ea ap U
a
caa cap chc Ihr|stcr va Iraas|stcr UJI
cc Jaa aha 1aca cca h!!11| Vc| Jaa 1|ea ap caa cap U
a
aha va, trca
mc| aaa cha k caa 1|ea ap Uac, Iraas|stcr mct mat hep UJI cc the mc mct sc
laa, ahaa chi aaa tam 1ea ha| laa mc caa ac
- !aa mc tha ahat kh| U
a
= 0
ien ap m cua UJT la U
M
= U
a

Kh| U
a
= 0 th| U
H
= 0, lac 1c ta 0 chaa aap 1a, ap trea ta U
0
> U
H
Kh| UJI mc ta
0 xa 1|ea aa I va k
1
Kh| xa het 1|ea U
0
= 0 th| UJI khca la|, ta 0 1acc aap va ap
trea ta 0 taa 1ca thc| vc| 1|ea ap U
a
!aa mc tha ahat aa I khca mc v| U
a
= 0,
ahaa ac lam chc U
c
taa 1ca pha vc| U
a
!aa mc tha ha| xa ra kh| U

a
= U
3
va ta 1|ea 1acc aap 1|ea 1ea U
c
= U
H
= U
3
0
laa mc aa ta 0 xa 1|ea aa I va k
1
a aea mct xaa 1|ea ap U
0
c cac kh|ea 0 caa
I va lam chc I mc (U
a
= U
3
> 0l
- Ua ahacc 1|em caa mach
Hach lam v|ec ca ha| aaa cha k
Iha 1c| ac ra |aa ch|et ap k
Hach lam v|ec khca taea t|ah
Hach 1|ea kh|ea Ihr|stcr |aa 1|ea ap
Iaca ta aha mach h!!11a, ta tha traas|stcr mct mat hep UJI |aa ha|
traas|stcr khac lca| Q
va Q
4
(lca| NlN va lNll, 1ca thc| tha ||ea trc ch|et ap k
|aa taa khaech 1a| ap Jaa traas|stcr Q
1
, Q
2
1acc 1|ea kh|ea |c| ||ea trc tha 1c|
1|ea ap mct ch|ea V
k
cac Jaa sca ac ra caa taca ta aha h!!11| 9aa 1a la sc
1c aaea l caa mach
H.II. 12
Naea l lam v|ec caa mach Hach k|ch Ihr|stcr (h!!12l 1acc caa cap 1|ea
ta aaca xca ch|ea aa |c chiah laa ha| aaa cha k |ea ap ac ra caa mach la mct
Jaa ahap ahc, Jc 1c ahc |cJe 3eaer
3
saa phaa 1|ea ap ahap ahc aa, 1ca thc|
h|m ap chc mach 1|ea kh|ea lam v|ec
Iaa khaech 1a| ap Q
1
lam v|ec 1acc ahc aaca U
1k
thca aa ||ea trc V
k
1|ea
chiah 1|ea ap 0ac 1|ea trc k
2
, k
5
phaa cac chc chaa 0 va ! caa taa khaech 1a| Q
1
lam v|ec 0ca taa khaech 1a| thac Q
2
lam taa 1|ea ap ac vac 1e caa cap chc khc|
tac xaa Q
,Q
4
k|ch mc Ihr|stcr 0ac 1|ea trc k
4
, k
5
tac aea mct caa phaa the cap
ap chc taa tac xaa hcat 1ca |ea trc k
1
1ca va| trc |c| haa Jca chc mach
1|ea kh|ea
ha| Ihr|stcr khac lca| Q

(lNll va Q
4
(NlNl trca mach h1!12 tha the chc
traas|stcr mct mat hep UJI (h!!11al 1e tac ra 1caa 1ac t|ah 1|ea trc am Kh| mach
1acc cap aaca Vcc th| ta 0 1acc aap thec ham ma
U
c
= Vcc (1 e
(
t k0
l
l
Kh| U
A
> U
0
, mat t|ep |ap 8! caa Q
phaa cac ah|ch, cc Jca aacc rat ahc cha

ta A saa !
Kh| U
c
>= U
1m
th| Q
chaea saa lam v|ec c vaa khaech 1a|, Jca !

0Q
taa Jaa
1ea !
8Q4
taa, Jc 1c !
0Q4
taa thec ca !
0Q4
taa Jaa 1ea !
0Q
taa aaa Qaa tr|ah
hc| t|ep Jaca ca the phat tr|ea va Q
, Q
4
chaea saa traa tha| |ac hca mct cach
ahaah chca !ac aa ta ahaa 1acc mct xaa ra trea k
7

- Ua va ahacc 1|em caa mach
Hach 1ca |aa Je lap hep
Hach lam v|ec ca ha| aaa cha k
Iha 1c| ac ra |aa 1|ea kh|ea 1|ea ap
Hach lam v|ec khca taea t|ah
0hU0N0 !!!
lhU0N0 lhAl !00 lhAN0 !!N Al VA 0N0 !!N 0hlNh !UU
8c lcc la th|et || ac| |aa |c aaca chiah laa va pha ta| 0hac aaa chaa caa ac
la chc Jca 1|ea cc taa sc aac 1c 1| aa ma khca || sa |am, 1ca thc| lam sa
|am maah Jca 1|ea c taa sc khac e 1aah |a mac 1c lcc aac| ta xac 1|ah he sc
ahap ahc caa 1|ea ap saa kh| lcc
K
f
=k
avac
k
ara
he sc ahap ahc
Irca 1c
1
2
1
2
2
2
max
= =
n
u
n
u
u
u
k
do
do
do
n
nvao
la ti sc ahap ahc 1|ea ap
chiah laa 1aa vac mach lcc
Kara = U
amaxra
U
Jc
ti sc ahap ahc 1|ea ap ra khc| |c lcc
U
amaxra
8|ea 1c thaah phaa Jac 1ca cc |aa 1|ea ap ra caa |c lcc

0c |a phaca phap lcc phaa 1|ea ap va Jca 1|ea chiah laa
! 8c lcc Jaa ta 1|ea
Xet sc 1c chiah laa mct pha ha| aaa cha k cc mach lcc Jaa ta 1|ea 0 h!!!1a
Irca sc 1c aa ta 0 mac sca sca vc| pha ta| c 1c ap trea ha| 1aa pha ta| U
J
=
U
c
e Je khac sat ta chi xet traca hcp pha ta| la thaaa trc |ea ap tha cap caa
H8A 1acc ch|a lam ha| aaa |aa ahaa ahaa aacc pha ahaa
a
1
= a
2
= a
m
9|a t
va cc Jaa 1aca cca a
1
, a
2
( h!!!1|l
0|a sa cc pha |aa 1aa (t = 0l ta cc ap la U
c (0l
9a ra U
c(cl
> a
1
= a
2
= 0
H.III. 1a
c J|cJe
1
,
2
khca aea 0 xa 1|ea aa k Irca aa tr|ah xa 1|ea U
c
|am Jaa,
1ea thc| 1|em t
1
taca aa vc| cc pha
1
= t
1
, 1|ea ap U
1
|at 1aa lca hca U
c
va
1
1
1ea H, saa 1c ch|a lam ha| Jca 1|ea
|
k
= a
1
k = (a
m
k l 9|at aa k va
|c = 0 ( Ja
1
Jt l = a
m
c 0cst aa ta 0 va aap chc ta
1|ea Ap trea ta 0 (U
c
l taa thec U
1
1ea thc| 1|em t
2
taca aa vc| cc pha
2
=
t
2
= 2, U
1
|at 1aa |am va ahc hca U
c
!ac aa
1
khca va ta 0 phca 1|ea aa
k
Irca aa tr|ah phca 1|ea U
c
|am Jaa, 1ea thc| 1|em t
taca aa vc|
= t
,
ap a
2
|at 1aa lca hca U
c
va
2
2
1ea H saa 1c
ch|a lam ha| Jca 1|ea
|
k
= a
2
k aa k va
|
0
= 0 (Ja
2
Jtl aa ta 0 va aap chc ta 1|ea |ea ap trea ta
0 taa thec a
2
ea thc| 1|em t
4
taca aa vc|
4
= t = 2, a
2
|am xaca va
ahc hca hca U
0
, lac 1c
2
khca la| va ta 0 phca 1|ea aa k, trca aa tr|ah phca
U
0
|am xaca 9aa cha k saa aa tr|ah lap la| aha cha k vaa xet Ia l laaa trea
ta cc 1c th| ||ea th|ea caa U
J
aha 1aca cca 1am aet h!!!1|
Ia 1c th| h!!!1|, ta cc I 2 = t
a
t
p

I 0ha k 1|ea ap xca ch|ea caa chiah laa
t
a
Ihc| |aa aap ta 0
t
p
Ihc| |aa phca ta 0
Ihca thaca t
p
>> t
a
aea ta cc the xem aha aa 1aa t
p
I 2
Hat khac 1|ea laca caa ta 0 phca aa k trca thc| |aa phca t
p
Q
c
= 0 U
c
= !
k
t
p
= !
k
I2
U
c
!aca |am caa U
0
trca thc| |aa phca (U
c
= U
cmax
U
cm|a
l
!
k
0|a tr| traa ||ah caa Jca 1|ea aa k
9a ra U
c
= (120l !
k
I
vc| !
k
= U
Jc
k, I = 1f
9a ra U
c
= U
cmax
U
cm|a
= U
Jmax
U
Jm|a
= ( 1 20kfl U
Jc
Irca 1c f la taa sc caa 1|ea ap xca ch|ea caa chiah laa
U
Jc
0|a tr| traa ||ah caa 1|ea ap caa chiah laa
Ia 1a ta sa ra he sc ahap ahc caa 1|ea ap chiah laa

ncRf
K
2
1
=
!aa raa chi sc ahap ahc caa sc 1c chiah laa 1acc xet la a = 2 Irca traca
hcp Jaa ta 1|ea 0 1e lcc trca sc 1c chiah laa cc chi sc ahap ahc a, ta cc
K = 1 2a0kf
Vc| a va f khca 1c| th| K caa ahc aea k va 0 caa taa c 1c cach lcc |aa ta
1|ea 0 thaca 1acc Jaa kh| pha ta| cc 1|ea trc lca
!! Hach lcc Jaa 1|ea cam
Xet sc 1c chiah la |a pha tha cap cc mach lcc Jaa 1|ea cam h!!!2a Irca sc
1c aa ! mac ac| t|ep vc| pha ta| e Je khac sat ta chi xet traca hcp pha ta| la
thaaa trc aa 1|ea ap saa kh| chiah laa 1acc tr|ah |a h!!!2| |ea ap aa cc chi
sc ahap ahc a =
H.III. 2a
Ia cc U
J
= U
Jc
U
amax
0cst
Vc| u u
n
u do do n
udo 25 . 0
1
2
1
2
3
2 2 max
=
=

- c| vc| thaah phaa khca 1c| U
Jc
, taa sc cc = 0, 1|ea khaa X
!
=
!
=
0, Ica trc mach lcc va pha ta| la 3 = k
- c 1c Jca aa ! va k Jc U
Jc
tac ra la !
J
= U
Jc
k
- c| vc| thaah phaa Jac 1ca U
amax
0cst tac ra, 1|ea khaa X
!
= !, tca
trc caa mach lcc va pha ta| la
Z
L
R
= +
) 3 (
2
2
c 1c Jca aa ! va k Jc U
amax
0cst tac ra la

R
L
arctg t Cos
L
R
u
i
n
n

3
), 3 (
) 3 (
2
2
max
=
+
=
Ihec aaea l xep chca, Jca aa ! va k la
|
J
= !
J
|
a
|ea ap trea ta| k saa kh| lcc
), 3 (
max
2
2
) 3 (

+
+ = = t Cos R
u
L
R
R
u i u n do d R
Kh| lcc |aa 1|ea cam, thca thaca chca ! sac chc X
!
= ! >> k
Irca traca hcp 1c
L Z
L
R

3
) 3 (
2
2
+ =
) 3 (
3
max
3

+ = t Cos
L
u u u
n do R
Nha va ti sc ahap ahc tracc kh| lcc la
K
avac
=U
amax
U
Jc
= 025
Ii sc ahap ahc cca la| saa kh| lcc la
L
R
L
R
u
u
K
do
ra
3
25 . 0
3
max
= =
he sc lcc Jaa 1|ea cam la
R
L
K
K
K
nra
nvao
f
3
= =
Ica aat kh| Jaa 1|ea cam ! 1e lcc trca mach chiah laa cc chi sc ahap ahc la
a

R
L n
L n
R
K
K
K
n
K
n
K
nra
nvao
f
nra
nvao
= =
=
1
2
1
2
2
2
Ia tha raa k caa ahc va ! caa lca th| he sc lcc K
f
caa lca va h|ea aa lcc
caa tct c 1c cach lcc Jaa 1|ea cam ! thaca 1acc Jaa kh| pha ta| cc 1|ea trc
|e
!!! Hach lcc Jaa 1|ea cam va ta 1|ea
H.III. 3a
Xet sc 1c mach chiah laa caa mct pha cc mach lcc Jaa 1|ea cam va ta 1|ea
(h!!!al Irca sc 1c aa 1|ea cam ! mac ac| t|ep vc| pha ta|, cca ta 0 mac sca
sca pha ta| e 1ca |aa ta xet pha ta| la thaaa trc
c th| 1|ea ap 1acc ||ea J|ea h!!!| |ea ap aa cc chi sc ahap ahc a =2, Ia
cc
U
J
= U
Jc
U
amax
0cs2t
Vc|
u u u
n
u
do do do n
3
2
1
2
1
2
2
2 2
max
=
=
- c| vc| thaah phaa khca 1c| U
Jc
X
!
= ! = 0
X
0
= 1 0 =
Ica trc mach lcc va pha ta| 3 = k
ca 1|ea aa k va ! Jc U
Jc
tac ra la !
J
= U
Jc
k
c| thaah phaa Jac 1ca U
amax
0cs2t, X
!
= 2 !, X
0
=120 Ica trc phac
caa mach lcc va pha ta| la

X
X
X
C
C
L
j R
R j
j Z
+ =
0hca ! va 0 sac chc X
!
= 2! > k >> X
0
= 1 2 0
ta cc the xem aa 1aa
X
X
X
C
C
C
j
j R
R j

3 j X
!
jX
0
jX
!
= j2!
ca 1|ea aa ! Jc U
amax
0cs 2t tac ra la

) 2 (
2
90
0
max
= t Cos
L
u
i
n
n

Ihec aaea l xep chca, Jca aa ! la

|
J
= !
J
|
a

|ea ap trea pha ta| la
) 2 (
2
.
180
0
max
+ = t Cos
L
R
C
n
d R
u
I u

Iha !
J
k = U
Jc
, X
0
= 120, ta cc
) 2 (
4
180
0
2
max
+ = t Cos
LC
u
u u
n
do R

he sc ahap ahc 1|ea ap tracc kh| lcc

K
avac
= U
amax
U
Jc
= 2
he sc ahap ahc caa 1|ea ap saa kh| lcc
K
ara
= U
amax
4
2
!0 U
Jc
= 2 (`4
2
0!l = 1 5
2
!0
he sc |c lcc Jaa ! va 0 la
K
f
= K
avac
K
ara
= 4
2
!0
Ica aat kh| Jaa mach lcc 1|ea cam va ta 1|ea trca sc 1c chiah laa cc chi sc
ahap ahc a ta cc

LC Kf
LC
n
K
K
n n
K
n
K
nra
nvao
nra
nvao
2 2
2 2 2
2
) ( 1
2
1
2
= =
=
0hU0N0 !V
Ih!!I K! VA Ih! 00N0 HA0h !!U Kh!!N IhYk!9I0k
I ! Hct sc ea caa 1c| vc| mach 1|ea kh|ea
II 1 Yea caa ve 1c lca 1|ea ap va Jca 1|ea kh|ea
- 0|a tr| lca ahat khca vact aa tr| sc chc phep c sc ta tra caa
- 0|a tr| ahc ahat pha| 1am |ac mc 1acc Ihr|stcr caa lca| c mc| 1|ea k|ea lam
v|ec
- Ica hac cca saat traa ||ah trea cac kh|ea pha| ahc hca |a tr| chc phep
2 Yea caa ve 1c rca xaa 1|ea kh|ea
aa vac 1ac t|ah Vclt Ampere caa Ihr|stcr ta tha thc| |aa tca ta| xaa 1|ea
kh|ea pha| 1am |ac chc Jca aa Ihr|stcr taa ta 0 1ea !
thmax
Ihca thaca 1c
rca xaa 1|ea kh|ea khca ahc hca 5Hs Nea taa 1c rca xaa 1|ea kh|ea se chc
phep |am ahc ||ea 1c xaa 1|ea kh|ea
Yea caa ve 1c Jcc saca tracc caa xaa
c Jcc saca tracc caa xaa caa cac th| v|ec mc Ihr|stcr caa tct va 1c aca
cac |c caa Ihr|stcr caa |am, ma 1ac ||et la trca mach cc ah|ea Ihr|stcr mac ac|
t|ep hcac sca sca Ihca thaca ea caa 1c Jcc saca tracc caa Ja xaa 1|ea kh|ea
la J|
1k
Jt >= 01 (AHsl
4 Yea caa ve 1c t|a ca
Hach 1|ea kh|ea pha| 1am |ac lam v|ec t|a ca trca mc| hcaa caah aha ah|et 1c,
aaca t|a h|ea ah|ea taa vv c 1c ea caa
- |ea trc ra caa keah 1|ea kh|ea pha| ahc 1e Ihr|stcr khca ta mc kh| Jca rc
taa
- Xaa 1|ea kh|ea |t pha thacc vac Jac 1ca ah|et 1c, Jac 1ca 1|ea ap aaca,
ah|ea
- 0aa kha 1acc ah|ea cam aa (c cac khaa sc saah, khc| cach l ac ra l 1e
traah mc aham
5 Yea caa ve lap rap vaa haah
- Ih|et || Je tha the, Je lap rap va 1|ea chiah
- 0ac khc| trca mach cc kha aaa lam v|ec 1cc lap
!! 0ac khc| mach 1|ea kh|ea Ihr|stcr
Ia cc sc 1c khc| aha saa

1 Khc| aaca cc ah|em va caa cap aaca aaa laca chc khc| cach l ac ra
la ta lac| 1|ea xca ch|ea cc taa sc f = 50 ht
2 Khc| cach l ac vac va ra
ha| khc| aa lam ah|em va cach l mach 1|ea kh|ea Ihr|stcr vc| phaa cca saat
caa mach chiah laa khca Jca ta phaa cca saat cha vac phaa 1|ea kh|ea ha
aacc la| 0ac khc| aa thaca 1acc sa Jaa H8A 1e cach l
3. Khc| 1ca |c 0c ah|em va tac ra 1ca |c t|a h|ea, cc ha| cach 1ca |c ch|ah,
1c la
ca |c 0cs|a
ca |c raa caa
ca |c 0cs|a
|ea ap 1aa vac mach t|ch phaa, lam chc Jaa sca lech 1| mct cc 90
c
va la
1|ea ap aa sc saah vc| 1|ea ap 1|ea kh|ea Ia cc sc 1c Jca |c 0cs|a h!V1a va 1c
th| 1|ea ap h!V1|

H.IV. 1a
H.IV. 1b
Iac 1ca |c 0cs|a trca khcaa ta 0 1ea 1?0
c
,U
1k
va U
1|
1ca tr| (chi cat mct
1|eml Yea caa aa vc| mc| |a tr| caa t th| cc mct |a tr| caa U
lhaca phap aa 1ca |aa ahaa cc 1c t|a ca khca cac
ca |c raa caa
lhaca phap 1ca |c raa caa la Jaa cac mach chac aaa tac ra 1|ea ap raa
caa 1e sc saah vc| 1|ea ap 1|ea chiah c khc| sc saah ph|a saa lhaca phap aa 1acc
Jaa rca ra| trca cac mach 1|ea kh|ea Ihr|stcr
ca |c Jaa ta va |cJ
Ia cc sc 1c aaea l h!V2a va 1c th| thc| |aa h !V2|
h!V2a h!V2|
U
A0
1|ea ap xca ch|ea 1ca pha vc| 1|ea ap trea AK caa 90k
U
0
Naca 1|ea ap mct ch|ea
U
0
= U
1|
|ea ap 1ca |c la ra
- Kh| U
A0
> 0 th|
1
,
2
phaa cac aacc, ta 0 1acc aap ta aaca U
A0
aa k
1
- Kh| U
0
= U
A0
(ta| t
2
l th| ta 0 phca 1|ea aa
2
va k
2
- Kh| U
A0
< 0
1
Jaa, |a tr| ap trea ta 0 ch|ah la U
A0
chc 1ea kh|
1
khca
- Kh| !
A0
!
0
= 0 (ta| t
1
l ta 0 |at 1aa aap va lap la| cha k mc|
- 0cc k|ch aam trca khcaa t
1
1ea t
2
va 1acc xac 1|ah
= arcs|a( U
A0(t1l
U
A0max
l
Ua 1|em Hach 1ca |aa |t l|ah k|ea, cc 1|ea chiah ta 10
c
1ea 150
c
Nhacc 1|em e || sa| lech Jc khc chiah 1|ah haa sc thc| |aa aap ta ch|ah xac
0aa pha| cc mach xac 1|ah 1|em 0 |aa 1aa, tca hac cca saat lca
- ca |c Jaa Ia Iraas|stcr
Ia cc sc 1c aaea l h!Va va 1c th| 1|ea ap h!V| aha saa

H.IV. 3a H.IV. 3b
- Kh| U
A0
> 0 Iraas|stcr I
1
|| |ac hca
U
0
= U (U la sat ap trea I
1
l
- Kh| U
A0
< 0 I
1
aat, ta 0 1acc aap ta aaca U
0
aa k
1
va k

- Ia cc t
aap
= (k
1
k
2
l 0!a (1 U
0
U
0
l
= ( k1 k l 0!a (1 U
1k
U
0
l
0hca k1 >> k sac chc t
aap
>> t
xa
U
1k
|ea ap 1|ea kh|ea
Ua ahacc 1|em
Hach 1ca |aa |t l|ah k|ea, cc tha 1c| 1a rca, tca hac cca saat khca
lca
lha| chiah 1|ah haa sc thc| |aa caa ta |aa cac keah kha phac tap cc h|ea
taca trc| xaa mc thec taa sc
4. Khc| sc saah !am ah|em va sc saah |aa 1|ea ap 1ca |c (raa caal vc| 1|ea ap
1|ea kh|ea U
1k
e sc saah khc| aa cc the Jaa mach khaech 1a| thaat tcaa hcac
Iraas|stcr Irca traca hcp traas|stcr th| 1|ea ap raa caa 1acc 1aa vac cac
kh|ea 1e sc saah vc| U
1k
ta| cac phat 0c cac l|ah k|ea chaea Jaa vac chac aaa
aa aha Iraas|stcr mct t|ep |ap (UJI the aa|jaact|ca Iraas|stcrl, ha traas|stcr
mct t|ep |ap lap tr|ah 1acc (lUIl
5Khc| tac Jaa xaa 0c ah|em va saa Jaa xaa 1aa ra caa |c sc saah sac chc cc
1c rca va ||ea 1c th|ch hcp vc| Ihr|stcr caa k|ch 0c the chca Jca k|ch lca, 1|ea
ap k|ch ahc hcac aacc la| ahaa pha| 1am |ac cca saat t|ea taa ahc hca cca saat
chc phep c rca xaa 1acc aet 1|ah |c| thc| |aa Jca aa Ihr|stcr 1at 1ea |a
tr| Jca ca| (tra trca sc ta ah|ea caa aa vc| lca| Ihr|stcr sa Jaa l
Irca thac te mach tac xaa thaca sa Jaa mach v| phaa t|a h|ea xaa vaca ta
|c sc saah 1acc 1aa aa |c v| phaa k0 ||ea 1c| thaah cac a| v| phaa cc 1c rca caa
th|et 9aa 1c aa J|cJ chaa thaah phaa a| am Ia cc mach tac xaa h!V4a va |aa
1c xaa h!V4|

H.IV. 4a
H.IV. 4b
0c| t
x
la 1c rca xaa t
x
= = 0 ( k1 k2 l
- 0hca 0 = 047 01 H!
- 0hca k
1
va k
2
se 1acc 1c rca xaa t
x
th|ch hcp
!!! I|ah tcaa chca H8A mct pha
1Xac 1|ah t|et J|ea thac caa lc| sat ( 9cl
9c = ( 09 09 l 9 (mm
2
l
Vc| 9 = a` |, chca a = mm, | = 5mm
9a ra 9 = 5` = 15 mm
2
Va 9c = 09 ` 15 = 15 ( mm
2
l
0ca saat Ja t|ah lJt 1c| vc| k|ch thacc mach ta 9c
lJt = U
2
!
2

0hca U
1
= 220 V, f = 50 ht
U
2
= 15 V, !
2
= 1A
Va lJt = 15 `1 = 15 (VA l
2I|ah sc vca Ja mc| vclt h
8 07 0? 09 10 11 12 1 14 15
K 54 55 50 45 41 75 45 24 0
0hca 8 = 07 (Ieslal, sa ra K = 54
Va h = 5415 = 47 vca Vclt
0hca h = 5 vca Vclt
Xac 1|ah sc vca Ja caa caca sc cap va tha cap H8A h1, h2
9c vca Ja caca sc cap
h1 = h` U
1
= 5`220 =1100 vca
9c vca Ja caca tha cap
h2 = h (U
2
a
2
l
a
2
la 1c Ja tra 1|ea ap tra thec |aa saa
l(VA l 10
0
200 00 500 750 100
0
120
0
150
0
>1500
J(Amm
2
l 45 4 9 25 25 25 2,5 2
0hca a
2
= 45%
Va h
2
= 5 ` (15 45%l = 75225 vca
0hca h
2
= 100 vca
5 Xac 1|ah t|et J|ea Ja aaa
- I|et J|ea Ja aaa sc cap

) (
2
1
2
1 mm
u
P
S
J
=
0hca h|ea saat H8A = 0?5 09
Hat 1c Jca J chca thec |aa Jac| 1a
l ( VA l
0 50 50 100 100
200
200
250
500
1000
J ( A mm
2
l 4 5 25 2
0hca J = 4 (A mm
2
l
Va 9
1
= 15 (09`220`4l = 0019 mm
2
002 (mm
2
l
I|et J|ea Ja aaa tha cap
92 = !2J = 14 = 025 ( mm
2
l
aca k|ah Ja sc cap
mm S
d
16 . 0 02 . 0 13 . 1 1 13 . 1
1
= = =
aca k|ah Ja tha cap
25 . 0 13 . 1 2 13 . 1
2
= = S
d
5 K|em tra khcaa trca chaa Ja
- 9c vca Ja sc cap chc mct lcp Ja h
1lcp

0hca lca| Ja 1ca cc traa ema e
cJ
= 00 00? mm
J
1cJ
= J
1
e
cJ
= 015 00 = 019 (mml
0hca ! = 50 mm
Va
) / ( 16 , 262 1
19 . 0
50
1
11
1
lop vong
L
d
W
cd
lop
= = =
0hca h
1lcp
= 250 vcalcp
- 9c lcp Ja c cacasc cap

lop
W
W
N
lop
lop
23 . 4
260
1100
1
1
1
= = =
0hca N
1lcp
= 4 lcp
- 8e Ja caca sc cap
1
=( J
1cJ
` N
lcp
l e
cJ
( N
1lcp
1l
1
= ( 019 ` 4 l 00 (4 1l = 0?5 (mml
- 9c vca Ja tha cap chc mct lcp Ja
J
2cJ
= J
2
e
cJ
= 055 00 = 059 mm
h
2lcp
= (!J
2cJ
l 1 = 50 059 1 = ?7 Vca lcp
0hca h
2lcp
= ?5 vcalcp
- 9c lcp Ja c caca tha cap
N
2lcp
= h
2
h
2lcp
= 100 ?5 = 1,1? (lcpl
0hca N
2lcp
= 2 lcp
- 8e Ja caca tha cap
2
= (J
2cJ
` N
2lcp
l e
cJ
(N
2lcp
1l
2
= (059 ` 2l 00 ( 21l = 121(mml
- 8e Ja tcaa |c caa caca Ja aaa
I
= (11 125l ( e
k

1

2

12
e
a
l
chca e
k
= 1, e
12
= 0, e
a
= 05
=>
I
= 11 ( 1 0?5 0 121 05 l = 425(mml

IV. I|ah chca aaca chiah laa 0 caa cap chc mach 1|ea kh|ea Ihr|stcr :

H.IV. 7a H.IV. 7b
Hach chiah laa tcaa k |ca |cJ
1
,
2
,
,
4
,1acc caa cap aaca xca ch|ea ta
lac| 1|ea 220V cc taa sc f = 50 ht, ha ap xaca ph|a tha cap U
2
aha h!V7a
Naea l hcat 1ca caa mach
0|a sa |aa k 1aa Jaca ca 1|ea 1| ta A aa
1
, aa pha ta| k, aa
va trc
ve 8 Va trca |aa k aa
1
,
Jaa, cca
2
va
4
aat
8aa k saa ca 1|ea 1| ta 8 aa
2
aa k va aa
4
trc ve A
aa sca chiah laa aha h!V7|
- ien ap trung bnh tren tai:
u t Sin
u u u u m m DC
9 . 0
2 2 2
2
2
0
= = = =
- |ea ap h|ea Jaa trea ta|

u t td
u
Sin u V
m
m rms
= = =
2
2
2 2
0
2

- ca 1|ea traa ||ah trea ta|

R R
u
R
u
I
L L
m
L
DC
DC
u 9 . 0
2
= = =
- 0hca J|cJ chc mach chiah laa vc| cac thca sc saa
ca 1iah !
p
>= !
m
ca traa ||ah !
av
>= !
0
2
|ea ap aacc 1iah !
amax
>= U
m
c 1c ta chca |ca |cJe lca| N4007
0hca ta 0 = 470H!
V I|ah chca ma ||ea ap xaa chc mach 1|ea kh|ea
8|ea ap xaa trca mach cc ah|em va cach l 1|ea the cac vc| cac 1|ea kh|ea Ir|ah ta
t|ah tcaa aha saa
0hca vat l|ea sat ta 0 vc| lc| cc Jaa !,! lam v|ec trea mct phaa 1ac t|ah ta
hca
- 0hca 8 = 07 I 1e traah lc| ||ea ap xaa || |ac hca
- Ira |aa chca h = 50 Am (cc khe hc l
- Ia tham lc| sat ta

10
10
4
7
0
* 4 . 1
50 . 4
7 . 0
= =
H
B
0hca sc |c l = 01 m
l
kh
= 001 mm = 10
5
m (ch|ea Ja| khe hc l
Ia tham traa ||ah caa sat ta
10
10
10
3
4
5
* 8 . 5
* 4 . 1
1 . 0
1 . 0
=
+
=
+
=
l
lkh
l
tb
- Ihe t|ch lc| sat ta

B
I
E S tx
l Q V
tb
2
'
2
0
* * * * *
*
= =

Q t|et J|ea lc| sat
tx = 500Hs c rca xaa
9 = 12% c sat tcc 1c
! = 12v Naca caa cap
!'
2
= 0 A ca tha cap a| 1c| ve sc cap

cm
V
V
2
2
6 7 3
32 , 13
3 . 0 * 12 * 15 . 0 500 * * 4 * * 8 . 5
7 . 0
10 10 10
=
=

Va t|et J|ea lc| sat Q = V ! = 12 01 = 12 cm

2
aa vac |aa 55 sach |ea ta cca saat lca (Naea 8|ahl ta chca lc| !,! (12
x 5l
Q = 15 cm
2
a = 12 cm
c = 12 cm
| = 15 cm
h = cm
h = 42 cm
8 = 15 cm
0 = 4? cm
H.IV. 9
- 9c vca Ja caca sc cap H8A

BKQ
E
t
W
x
=
1
K = 075 he sc lap 1a
69
* 63 . 1 * 76 . 0 * 7 . 0
* 500 * 12
.....
10
10
4
6
1
= =
W
Suyra
0hca ti le 11 aea h
2
= h
1
= 59 vca
- aca k|ah Ja aaa sc cap |aa 1aca k|ah Ja aaa tha cap

J
I
d d
'
2
2 1
13 . 1 = =
0hca mat 1c Jca 1|ea J = 5A mm
2
(Jc H8A lam v|ec aaa haa lap la|l
mm Suyra
d d
27 . 0
5
3 . 0
13 . 1 ....
2 1
= = =
0hca J
1
= J
2
= 02 mm Vc| J la mat 1c Jca 1|ea
V! 9c 1c aaea l va t|ah tcaa l|ah k|ea chc mach 1|ea kh|ea mct pha Jaa
Ihr|stcr
1 9c 1c aaea l
Nha chaa em 1a |c| th|ea trca chaca !!, mach 1|ea kh|ea Ihr|stcr cc ah|ea
lca|, mc| mach 1ea cc aa ahacc 1|em khac ahaa Va em aet 1|ah chca mach 1|ea
kh|ea Ihr|stcr |aa 1|ea ap 1e th| cca |c| v|
Hach 1ca |aa, ca ahe chi caa tha 1c| ||ea trc V
k
1e tha 1c| cc k|ch
Hach lam v|ec ca 1|ah, |t aa h|em
0|a thaah taca 1c| re, cc t|ah thac te cac.

H.IV. 10
2 Ket ac| mach 1|ea kh|ea vc| cac mach chiah laa aha saa
al Ket ac| mach mct pha
h!V11 h!V12
h!V11 la mach chiah laa mct pha mct aaa cha k|, h!V12 la mach
chiah laa mct pha ha| aaa cha k|
H.IV. 13
H.IV. 14
h!V1 la sc 1c chiah laa caa mct pha |at 1c| xaa, h!V14 la sc 1c chiah laa
caa mct pha 1c| xaa,
|l Ket ac| mach |a pha:

H.IV. 15
0ac 1|em h| cac sc 1, 2, , 4 va cha 0 trea mach 1|ea kh|ea la ahaa 1|em ac|
vac cac 1|em va cha sc h| c cac sc 1c chiah laa taca aa
Vc| cac mach 1|ea kh|ea va chiah laa trea, ahaa v| thc| |aa, k|ea thac va k|ah te
cc haa, aea em chi th| cca |a mcJal caa mach 1|ea kh|ea va |a sc 1c chiah laa la sc
1c chiah laa mct pha mct aaa cha k, chiah laa caa mct pha khca 1c| xaa va chiah
laa caa |a pha khca 1c| xaa
6. I|ah tcaa cac l|ah k|ea chc mach 1|ea kh|ea ( h!V10l
0hca
1
,
2
la J|cJe lca| N4007
2
= 15 V , !
2
= 500mA
0hca xaa ac ra trea 0 cc
U
0
= 10 V
!
0
= 150 mA
k
7
= U
0
!
0
= 20 150`10
k
7
= 55
c Q
,Q
4
lam v|ec c che 1c |ac hca aea ap ta| A la V
A
= U
0
= 10V
Ia cc V
cc
= V
A
( k
4
k
5
l k
4

0hca k
4
= k
5
= 10 K
V
cc
= 10`2 =20 V
0
Va 1|ea ap tha cap H8A

VAC
V
u
15
2
20
2
=
I|ah taa khaech 1a| Q
1
,Q
2
0hca 1|ea the cac ! caa Q
1
,Q
2
( sc vc| 1at l la V
!1
= 1V
0|a sa Q
1
, Q
2
1ea cc V
8!
= 05 V c 1c
V
81
= V
!1
V
8!1
= 1 05 = 15V
0hca V
0!1
= V
0!2
= 4 V
Iacc V
01
= V
0!1
V
!1
= 4 1 = 5 V
V
!2
= V
82
V
8!2
= 5 05 =44 V (V
82
= V
01
l
V
02
= V
!2
V
0!2
= 44 4 = ?4 V
0hca Jca aa chaa 0 caa Q
1
la
!
01
= 50 mA , = 120
9a ra k
2
= ( V
cc
V
c1
l !
01
= (20 5 l50mA = 00
0hca k
2
= 0
0hca Jca aa chaa 0 caa Q
2
la
!
02
= 100mA, = 100
) ( 136
100
4 . 8 20
....
2
1
3
=
=
mA
I
V V
R
c cc
0hca k
= 220
0ca saatcac 1a| rc| trea cac 0 caa Q
1
va Q
2
la
l
01
= !
01
` V
01
= 50mA ` 5V =250 mh
l
02
= !
02
` V
02
= 100mA ` ?4V =?40 mh
Nha va ta chca Q
1
,Q
2
cc cac thca sc saa
0hca Q
1
la 290?2? (lca| NlNl cc
!c =50 mA
= 10 520 mA
!
8
= 50 120 = 042 mA
lc = 400 mh
V
080
= 0 V
V
!80
= 7 V
Ij =150
c
0
0hca Q
2
la 2945?
!c =1 mA
= ?5 240 mA
!
8
= 1 100 = 10 mA
lc = 900 mh
V
080
= 25 V
V
!80
= 5V
Ij = 150
c
0
Ihec sc 1c taca 1aca caa UJI 1acc tha the |c| ha| Iraas|stcr khac lca| ta chca
Q
la lca| 29A1015 (lNll cc

!c = 150 mA
= 70 240 mA
lc = 400 mh
V
080
= 50 V
V
!80
= 5 V
Ij =125
c
0
Q
4
la lca| 2901?15 (NlNl cc
!c = 150 mA
= 70 700 mA
lc = 400 mh
V
080
= 50 V
V
!80
= 5 V
Ij =125
c
0
0hca 1|ea trc |c| haa k
1
= 47K ,5h
0 = 01 !,500V
0hca ||ea trc 1|ea chiah V
k
= 10 K
I|ah chca k
5
U
1k
= !
81
`V
k
V
8!1
!
!1
k
5
Xem !
!1
!
01
= 50V
U
1k
= ? 5V
Iraca hcp ||ea trc V
k
c |a tr| Hax tac V
k
= 10K th|
=

=

= 74
50
10 * 42 . 0 6 . 0 5 . 8
1
1 1 1
6
mA
k mA
I
V I V u
R
C
R B BE dk
Iraca hcp ||ea trc V
k
c v| tr| m|a tac la V
k
=0
=

=

= 158
50
0 * 42 . 0 6 . 0 5 . 8
1
1 1 1
6
mA
k mA
I
V I V u
R
C
R B BE dk

Ia ha| traca hcp trea chca k
5
= 220 ,k
9
= k
10
= 15
V
k2
=10 K
Vc| cac |a tr| t|ah tcaa aha trea mach 1|ea kh|ea 1acc ve la| aha saa
H.IV. 10
7. Ih|et ke mach |a chc mach 1|ea kh|ea ( h!V10l
9c 1c mach |a 1acc chaa em th|et ke aha saa
5 I|ea haah lap rap mach
9aa kh| thac h|ea cca tac chc mach cha tha trea Iest|carJ, chaaa || l|ah k|ea va
mach |a, cca tac lap rap 1acc t|ea haah aha saa
Ve mach |a va aam mach vac hca chat
aa 0hm ke 1e k|em tra cac 1aca ac| trea mach |a
I|ea haah rap va haa chaa l|ah k|ea
I|ea haah haa Ja cap aaca thca aa H8A, ha ap ph|a tha cap cca 15V
0
- Iha mach va 1|ea chiah kh| caa th|et
- !ap rap mach vac vc hcp
- hcaa chiah ahaa phaa cca la|
V!!9c 1c aaea l mach 1|ea kh|ea |a pha h|ah t|a ha |a pha |at 1c| xaa Jaa
Ihr|stcr
0ach t|ah chca l|ah k|ea chc mach 1|ea kh|ea lca| aa caa taca ta aha c mach 1|ea
kh|ea mct pha, va ta cc sc 1c aaea l aha (hV!!l
Nha va 1e 1|ea kh|ea mach chiah laa caa mct pha |at 1c| xaa ta chi Jaa mct
mcJal 1e 1|ea kh|ea 0ca 1c| vc| mach chiah laa |a pha h|ah t|a ha mach chiah laa
caa |a pha |at 1c| xaa ta pha| sa Jaa ca |a mcJal 1e 1|ea kh|ea
V!!! haca phat tr|ea caa 1e ta|
V| l Jc thc| |aa va k|ah te cc haa chc aea em chi |c| haa th| cca |a mcJal va
khca cc sa Jaa ma ||ea ap xaa e 1|ea kh|ea 1acc cac mach chiah laa caa mct
pha va |a pha 1c| xaa Jaa Ihr|stcr ta pha| th| cca tat ca saa mcJal cc sa Jaa
ma ||ea ap xaa 1e cach l 1|ea ap |aa ac vac va ac ra caa mach 1|ea kh|ea

Mo Hinh Mach Kich THYRISTOR

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mo Hinh Mach Kich THYRISTOR

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

NGUY E NV A NBI E NT B D47@GMAI L.

Hat t|ep |ap phat 1|ea t|ch

chaea J|ch thaaa, cca mat t|ep |ap J

chaea J|ch aacc, cca J

rat ea aea ahaah aacc caa 1ac t|ah

chaea J|ch aacc,

ve 0atct va trca lcp N

cc |a tr| ahc hca Jca Ja tr|

= 470 ( h!1| l Irca traca hcp aa,

va sac 1|ea 1ca caa aaca Nea

Nea 1e |Jc > 0 caa cc: 0 ) ( < Sin

- Ir| sc h|ea Jaa caa Jca tha cap !

aac| ta 1aa ra cac xaa Jca 1|ea kh|ea |

mc, Jca 1|ea 1| ta 1|em 0 aa

1ea H aa pha ta| 1ea N ve 1|em 0

2 0ac thca sc mach

Cos t td Sin t td Sin

va ahcm AacJ chaa la I'

Nha va ta| cc pha

la ahc ahat va cc t|a h|ea !'

va cac |cJe '

Nca| ra ta caa |a th|et raa pha ta| cc 1|ea cam

se mc trca khcaa thc| |aa ma

c 1c |a tr| traa ||ah caa a

!aa mc tha ha| xa ra kh| U

phaa cac ah|ch, cc Jca aacc rat ahc cha

chaea saa lam v|ec c vaa khaech 1a|, Jca !

Ihec aaea l xep chca, Jca aa ! la

he sc ahap ahc 1|ea ap tracc kh| lcc

- |ea ap h|ea Jaa trea ta|

- ca 1|ea traa ||ah trea ta|

Va t|et J|ea lc| sat Q = V ! = 12 01 = 12 cm

la lca| 29A1015 (lNll cc

You might also like