BI TP VT L I CNG

Bi 1: Cho phng trnh chuyn ng ca cht im l :

x = Acos t
y = Bsin t
z = 0
Trong A, B, l cc hng s.Hy tm phng trnh qu o, vn tc v gia tc ca cht im.
HD : qu o l mt ellip c cc bn trc l A v B nm trong mt phng xOy :
z = 0
= - A sin t + B cos t
= - A
2
cos t - B
2
sin t = -
2
: gia tc hng vo tm ellip v t l vi bn knh
.
Bi 2. T cao h = 25m mt vt c nm theo phng nm ngang vi vn tc ban u vo

= 15m/s.
Hy xc nh :
a) Qu o ca vt
b) Thi gian chuyn ng ca vt t khi nm cho ti khi chm t.
c) Gia tc ton phn, gia tc tip tuyn, gia tc php tuyn ca vt khi chm t.
d) Bn knh cong ca qu o khi vt chm t.
HD : qu o parapol
a) y =
b) t = = 2,26s
c) a=g=9,8m/s
2
; at= =8,112m/s
2
; an= = 5,6m/s
2
d) R = =122,7m )
Bi 3. Mt qu bng c nm vi vn tc ban u vo theo mt gc nghing so vi b mt ca mt
mt phng nghing. Mt phng nghing lm vi mt phng ngang mt gc .
a) Hy xc nh khong cch dc theo mt phng nghing t im nm cho ti khi qu bng chm mt
phng nghing theo vo, g, , .
b) Vi gc no khi nm th khong cch trn t gi tr cc i.
( S : a) ( )[tan( + ) - tan ]
b) )
Bi 4. Mt cu th bng r b phm li khi c gng nm bng vo r ca i bn v c hng hai qu
nm pht. Theo phng nm ngang t tm ca r n im nm pht l 4,21m v cao ca r l 3,05m
tnh t mt sn. Trong ln nm pht th nht cu th nm qu bng theo mt gc 35
o
so vi phng nm
ngang vi vn tc ban u vo=4,88m/s
2
. Khi bt u ri khi tay cu th th qu bng cao 1,83m so
vi mt sn. Ln nm ny qu bng khng lt vo r. Gi s b qua sc cn ca khng kh.
a) Hi cao cc i m qu bng t c.
b) xa qu bng t c theo phng nm ngang khi ri chm t.
c) Trong ln nm pht th hai cao ban u v gc nghing ca qu bng khi nm cng vn gi
nguyn nh trong ln nm u tin tc l 1,83m v 35
o
. Ln ny qu bng i vo tm r. Hi vn tc ban
u ca qu bng ln ny l bao nhiu?
d) cao cc i ca qu bng t c trong ln nm th hai.
(S : a) 2,32m; b) 3,84m; c) 8,65m/s; d) 3,09m. )
Bi 5. Mt cht im chuyn ng trn qu o trn bn knh bng 50m. qung ng i c trn qu
o c cho bi cng thc : s = -0,5t
2
+10t+10 (m)
Tm gia tc php tuyn, gia tc tip tuyn v gia tc ton phn ca cht
im lc t = 5(s).
(S : at

= -1m/s
2
; an

= 0,5m/s
2
; a = 1,12m/s
2
)
Bi 6. Mt vt A c t trn mt mt bn nm ngang. Dng mt si dy,
mt u buc vo A cho vng qua rng rc v u kia ca si dy buc vo
vt B sao cho vt B ri khng ma st thng ng t trn xung. Cho bit
mA= 2kg, h s ma st gia A v mt bn l k=0,25; gia tc chuyn ng
ca h l a= 4,9m/s
2
. Hy xc nh :
a) Khi lng mB.
b) Lc cng ca dy.
( S : a/ mB= 3kg; b/ T=14,7N)
Bi 7. Mt vt trt t nh mt mt phng nghing hp vi mt phng nm
ngang mt gc . H s ma st gia vt v mt phng nghing l k, vn tc
ban u ca vt bng 0. Vt trt ht mt phng nghing sau thi gian t.
Tnh chiu di l ca mt phng nghing.
(S : l =1/2.g(sin -kcos )t
2
)
Bi 8. Cho hai vt A v B c mc nh hnh di. Vt A c t nm trn
mt phng nghing c h s ma st k=0,2. B qua khi lng ca rng rc v
dy. Cho bit mA=1kg, lc cng ca si dy T=9,91N; g = 9,8m/s
2
; = 30
o
. Hy
tnh gia tc ca h.
( S : a=3,24m/s
2
)


Bi 9. Cho hai vt m
1
v m
2
nh c mc hnh bn vi
m
1
=m
2
=1kg. B qua ma st, khi lng ca cc rng rc v dy. Xc
nh gia tc ca cc vt m
1
, m
2
v lc cng ca si dy.
Cho g = 9,8m/s
2
.
( S : a
1
= = g = 3,92m/s
2
; a
2
= g =1,96m/s
2
T= m
2
g 5,9N )
Bi 10. Trn mt toa tu khi lng M c hai vt m
1
v m
2
c mc nh hnh di. Cho bit h s ma
st gia vt m
1
v mui tu l k. B qua khi lng ca dy v rng rc cng nh ma st gia chng. Tc
dng mt lc y theo phng nm ngang lm cho toa tu chuyn ng trn ng ray. B qua lc ma
st ln gia toa tu v ng ray. Hi lc y phi c ln bng bao nhiu cho khi toa tu chy
m hai vt m
1
v m
2
vn ng yn so vi toa tu?
Bi gii :
gip cc bn c th hiu r vic p dng cc nh lut ng lc hc Niu-tn trong cc h qui chiu
khc nhau cng nh vai tr ca lc qun tnh chng ta s gii bi ton ny trong hai h qui chiu khc
nhau :
- H qui chiu ng yn (chng hn nh sn ga)
- H qui chiu chuyn ng (toa tu)
1- Gii bi ton trong h qui chiu ng yn :(sn ga)
y l mt h qui chiu qun tnh (gn ng), ta nhn thy vt m
1
chuyn ng vi gia tc (l gia tc ca con tu) cn vt m
2
ng yn khng chuyn ng theo phng thng ng (trong
thc t m
2
chuyn ng theo phng nm ngang vigia tc
nhng ta khng quan tm n chuyn ng ny ca m
2
m ch
quan tm chuyn ng ca m
2
theo phng thng ng!). Ta qui
c chn chiu dng ca trc ta nm ngang hng t tri
qua phi.
*Xt vt m
1
:
C hai lc tc dng ln m
1
: lc cng ca si dy hng t tri qua phi, lc Fms

= km
1
g hng t phi
qua tri. Hiu ca hai lc ny gy ra chuyn ng c gia tc ca vt m
1
nn theo nh lut II Niu-tn ta
c: T-km
1
g = m
1
a (1)
*Xt vt m
2
:
Theo phng thng ng vt m
2
chu tc dng ca hai lc : lc cng ca si dy hng thng ng ln
trn v trng lng ca n
2
hng thng ng xung di. V theo u bi th m
2
ng yn theo
phng ny nn theo nh lut II Niu-tn ta c:
T-P
2
= 0 hay T= P
2
= m
2
g.
Thay gi tr T= m
2
g vo (1), ta tm c
a =
Lc y tc dng ln h gm toa tu v hai vt m
1
, m
2
v gy cho h gia tc nn :
= (m
1
+m
2
+M)
T , ln ca lc y l :
F = (m
1
+m
2
+M) (2)
2- Gii bi ton trong h qui chiu chuyn ng : (toa tu)
V toa tu chuyn ng thng vi gia tc l nn y l mt h qui chiu khng qun tnh. Trong h qui
chiu ny v hnh thc ta cng c th p dng nh lut II Niu-tn nhng khi trong cc lc tc dng
ln vt ta phi k thm c lc qun tnh.
*Xt vt m
1
:
Trong h qui chiu ny vt m
1
ng yn. Cc lc tc dng ln vt m
1
gm :
- Lc cng ca si dy hng sang phi.
- Lc ma st Fms=km
1
g hng sang tri.
- Lc qun tnh
qt
= -m
1
hng sang tri.
V vt ng yn nn tng ca cc lc ny phi bng 0, tc l ;
T-km
1
g-m
1
a = 0
T a = (3)
*Xt vt m
2
:
Trong h qui chiu ny m
2
ng yn. Theo phng nm ngang m
2
chu tc dng ca lc qun tnh m
2
hng t phi qua tri lm cho m
2
p st vo thnh toa. Phn lc ca thnh toa s trit tiu lc qun tnh
ny nn theo phng ngang m
2
ng yn. Theo phng thng ng m
2
chu hai lc : lc cng hng
ln trn v trng lng
2
= m
2
hng xung di. Hai lc ny trit tiu nhau nn :
T= P
2
= m
2
g
Thay gi tr ny ca T vo (3) ta tm c :
a =
*Xt h gm toa tu khi lng M v cc vt m
1
, m
2
. Lc tc dng ln h gm :
- Lc y tc dng ln toa tu.
- Lc qun tnh -(m
1
+m
2
+M)a tc dng ln tt c cc vt ca h.
V trong h qui chiu ny cc vt ca h u ng yn nn theo nh II Niu-tn ta phi c :
-(m
1
+m
2
+M)a+F = 0.
Hay t :
F = (m
1
+m
2
+M)a = (m
1
+m
2
+M) (4)
So snh (4) v (2) ta thy chng ta thu c cng mt kt qu khi gii bi ton ny trong hai h
qui chiu khc nhau.
Bi 11. Trn mt mt phng nghing lm vi mt phng nm ngang mt gc
c hai vt c khi lng m
1
v m
2
(m
2
>m
1
) c ni vi nhau bng mt si
dy khng co dn. H s ma st gia m
1
v m
2
vi mt phng nghing l k
1
v
k
2
(k
1
< k
2
). Hy xc nh :
a) gc ti thiu ca mt phng nging cho h hai vt c th bt u
chuyn ng xung pha dui.
b) gia tc a ca hai vt v sc cng T ca si dy ni khi h chuyn ng trn mt phng nghing c
= 45
o
.
p dng vi m
1
=2kg; m
2
= 8kg; k
1
= 0,2; k
2
= 0,4; g =10m/s
2
.
(S: a) tan
gh
= 0,36 19
o
8
b) a = gsin -gcos ( ) = 4,525m/s
2
)
Bi 12. Mt h gm hai vt c khi lng mA v mB

c ni vi nhau bng
mt si dy khng co dn vt qua mt rng rc nh hnh bn. Mt phng
nghing c gc nghing l . H s ma st gia mA v mt phng nghing l k .
a) Hy tm iu kin cho mA chuyn ng xung pha di.
b) Tm iu kin cho mA chuyn ng ln pha trn.
c) Tm iu kin cho h ng yn.
(S : a) < sin -kcos ;
b) > sin +kcos ;
c) sin -kcos < < sin +kcos )
Bi 13. Trn mt t mt ngi ng ln mt ci cn th ch s ca cn l 50 (50kg).
a) Khi trong thang my ang i ln vi gia tc a=1m/s
2
ci cn ch bao nhiu?
b) Khi thang my i xung vi gia tc bng bao nhiu th ch s ca ci cn l 0 (tnh trng khng trng
lc)
(S: a) 54; b) a= g = 9,8m/s
2
)
Bi 14. Mt vt c khi lng m c ko trn mt mt phng nghing c
gc nghing l , vi vn tc khng i bi mt si dy ni. H s ma st
gia vt v mt phng nghing l k. Hy xc nh gc hp bi si dy v
mt phng nghing lc cng dy l nh nht. Tnh gi tr lc cng dy lc
.
(S: = arctgk; Tmin= (sin +kcos ) )
Bi 15. Mt vt khi lng m
1
chuyn ng ti va chm vi vt th hai ng yn c khi lng m
2
=1kg.
Bit rng sau va chm vt th nht truyn cho vt th hai mt lng x=36% ng nng ban u ca
mnh. Coi va chm l hon ton n hi. Hy tnh m
1
.
(S: m
1
= 9kg hay m
1
= 1/9 kg)
Bi 16.Mt con lc n c trng lng P c ko ra khi phng thng ng
mt gc =90
o
sau con lc c th ri. Hy tnh sc cng T ca dy khi
con lc i qua v tr cn bng.
(S: T= 3P )

Bi 17. T nh ca mt bn cu bn knh l R ngi ta bung tay cho mt vt
trt xung pha di theo b mt ca bn cu. Hi cao no so vi so vi
mt t vt bt u ri khi b mt ca bn cu
Bi gii
Xt mt v tr bt k ca vt khi n cn tip xc vi mt bn cu nh
hnh trn. Khi vt chu tc dng ca hai lc :
- Phn lc ca mt bn cu. Lc ny hng theo
phng ni tm O ca bn cu vi vt v c chiu hng
t trong ra ngoi bn cu.
OO
RR
v
00
mg m
F
LL
vvv
- Trng lng mg ca vt hng theo phng thng ng t trn xung di. Lc ny c th phn
tch thnh hai lc thnh phn:
+ Thnh phn php tuyn mgcos .
+ Thnh phn tip tuyn mgsin l thnh phn lc trc tip lm cho vt chuyn ng trt xung
di theo b mt bn cu. Trong l gc lc php tuyn lm vi phng thng ng.
Do theo phng php tuyn ca qu o hai lc mgcos v ngc chiu nhau nn khi tng hp li
ta c lc (mgcos -N). Chnh lc ny ng vai tr l lc hng tm lm cho vt chuyn ng theo qu
o trn. Do vy, ta c :
mgcos -N = m
vi v l vn tc tc thi ca vt ti thi im m ta ang xt.
T :
N= mgcos - m = m(gcos - ) (1)
T (1) ta c nhn xt sau : khi vt cng trt xung pha di th gc cng tng lm cho thnh phn
gcos cng gim trong khi thnh phn cng tng do v cng ln (v cng ln do thnh phn mgsin
cng tng) n mt lc no th gcos = v khi N= 0. Lc ny vt bt u ri khi mt cu (v
rng khi ri khi bn cu vt khng cn tip xc vi mt bn cu nn n khng cn chu tc dng ca
phn lc N, tc l N = 0)
Khi vt bt u ri khi bn cu, ta c :
mgcos = m gcos = cos = (2)
Mun tnh c gc khi vt bt u ri khi bn cu ta phi tnh c vn tc tc thi v ca vt khi
. Mun vy, ta c th p dng nh lut bo ton c nng v vt chuyn ng trong trng trng lc l
mt trng th. Gi h l khong cch tnh theo phng thng ng t nh ca bn cu n v tr m vt
bt u ri khi bn cu. Theo nh lut bo ton c nng, ta c :
1/2. mv
2
= mgh v
2
= 2gh
Thay gi tr ny vo (2) ta tm c :
cos = (3)
Mt khc, t hnh v ta tnh c :
cos = (4)
T (3) v (4) ta c :
= 2h = R-h h = R/3
Cui cng, vt bt u ri khi bn cu cao :
H = R h = R R/3 = 2R/3
Bi 18. Mt khc g c khi lng 1,5 kg tip xc vi mt l xo b
nn t chn mt mt phng nghing c gc nghing 30
o
(im A).
Khi l xo c th lng cho bung ra n y khc g chuyn ng dc
mt phng nghing . im B cch A 6m dc theo mt phng nghing th khc g c vn tc 7m/s v
khng lin kt vi l xo na. Cho bit h s ma st ng gia khc g v mt phng nghing l
OO
RR
v
00
mg m
F
LL
vvv
k = 0,5. B qua khi lng ca l xo. Hy tnh th nng bin dng d tr
trong l xo lc ban u. Cho g = 9,8m/s
2
.
(S: U =119J )
Bi 19. Mt h gm hai vt c khi lng m
1
= 12kg v m
2
= 4kg c ni
vi nhau bng mt si dy v c vt qua mt rng rc nh hnh bn. Ban
u vt m
2
nm sn nh cn m
1
nm cao 2m. bung tay cho m
1
ri
xung di. Hy xc nh vn tc ca m
1
khi n chm nn nh. B qua ma
st v khi lng ca dy v rng rc.
(S: 4,4m/s )

Bi 20. Mt thang my c khi lng 1 tn, i ln nhanh dn u vi vn tc
ban u bng khng v gia tc l 2 m/s2. Tnh:
a) Cng ca thang my thc hin c trong 5 giy u tin.
b) Cng sut trung bnh v cng sut cc i sau 10 giy u tin.
(S: a) 50kW=J b) CS t.bnh=Cng ton b/thi gian=20kW; CSmax=F.vmax=40kW)
Bi 21. Mt ng c c cng sut l 3 m lc (HP) (1HP=736W). Hiu sut ca my l 75%. ng c
dng nng mt vt ln cao vi vn tc khng i l 3m/pht. Tnh khi lng ti a ca vt c
nng. (S: 3380kg)
Bi 22.Vn ng vin chy xe p trn ng vng xic l mt ng trn tm O v bn knh R. Tm
vn tc ti thiu v0 ngi i qua im cao nht ca ng trn m khng b ri xung.

Bi gii:
Ti im cao nht, gn h quy chiu vi xe (hqc l phi qun tnh), ta c cc lc tc dng: trng lc mg v
lc ly tm FL.
xe khng ri: FL = m.v
2
/R >= mg (1).
vi v c th tnh c t nh lut bo ton c nng:
m.v0
2
/2 = m.v
2
/2 +2mgR. Suy ra: v
2
=v0
2
- 4gR. Th vo (1), ta c: v0
2
>= 5gR.
Bi 23. Mt qu cu c khi lng l 1 kg treo vo u mt si dy buc c nh vo trn nh. a qu
cu lch khi phng thng ng mt gc 60
0
ri bung ra khng vn tc u. Tnh vn tc ca qu cu
khi n v tr to vi v tr cn bng mt gc 30
0
. Tnh lc cng ca dy cng ti v tr . Cho bit
chiu di ca dy l 1m.
(S: 2,7m/s; 16N)
Bi 24. Tnh khi tm ca vt hnh trn c khot mt hnh trn nh pha trong c bn knh bng na hnh
trn ln v ca hnh vung cnh l ng knh hnh trn ln v cng khot mt hnh trn nh pha trong
(theo hnh v).
OO
RR
v
00
mg m
F
LL
vvv
Bi 25.Mt vin n khi lng m=10g bay vi vn tc 600 m/s. Sau khi xuyn thng mt bc tng,
vn tc ch cn 200 m/s. Tm bin thin xung lng v bin thin ng lng ca vin n.
Tnh lc cn trung bnh m bc tng tc dng vo vin n cho bit thi gian m vin n xuyn qua
tng l 1/1000 s.
Bi 26.Sau va chm n hi ca hai qu cu c khi lng bng nhau, c hai c cng vn tc sau l
10 m/s. Cho bit trc va chm qu cu th hai ng yn. Tnh gc to bi phng chuyn ng ca
qu cu th hai so vi phng chuyn ng ca qu cu th nht trc khi va chm. Tnh vn tc ca
qu cu th nht trc va chm.
Bi 27. Mt ngi ng gia gh Giukpski cm trong tay hai qu t, mi qu khi lng m=10kg.
Khong cch t qu t n trc quay l 0,2m. Gi s ban u gh quay vi vn tc w 1 = 4,1vng/s. Hi
vn tc gc ca gh thay i nh th no nu ngi dang tay ra khong cch t mi qu t n trc
l 0,75m. Cho bit mmen qun tnh ca ngi v gh (khng k qu t) i vi trc quay l IO =
2,5kgm2.
(S : w 2 = 0,984 1vng/s.)
Bi 28. Mt rng rc bn knh R, khi lng M. Trn rng rc c qun mt si dy mt
u treo mt vt nng khi lng m. Hy tnh :
a/ Gia tc ri ca vt nng.
b/ Sc cng T ca si dy.
c/ Vn tc ca vt nng khi n ri c mt on s.
(S : a/ a = 2mg/(2m+M) ;
b/ T = mMg/(2m+M) ;
c/ v = )
Bi 29. Mt h gm hai vt m
1
v m
2
c mc nh hnh bn. Khi
lng ca rng rc l M v bn knh R. H s ma st gia m
1
v mt
bn l k. Hy xc nh gia tc chuyn ng ca h v cc lc cng T
1
,
T
2
ca cc on dy. Cho m
1
=1kg; m
2
=2kg; M = 2kg; k = 0,1; g
=10m/s
2
.
( S :
a = = 4,75m/s
2
T
1
= m
1
(kg+a) = 5,75N
T
2
= m
2
(g-a) = 10,5N )
Bi 30. Cho hai rng rc ging ht nhau c khi lng m v bn knh R. Hai vt m
1
v m
2
c mc nh hnh v. Si dy ni khng co dn v b qua khi lng ca
dy.
a/ Gi s ban u cc vt ng yn. Hy xc nh gia tc chuyn ng ca cc vt
m
1
, m
2
.
b/ Tm iu kin cho m
1
ri t trn xung v ko m
2
ln.
c/ Tm cc sc cng T
1
, T
2
, T
3
ca cc on dy.
Bi gii
Chn h trc ta Ox c chiu dng hng thng ng t trn xung di nh
hnh trn. Gi ta ca rng rc th nht l xo. Ta c nhn xt l xo khng i
trong qu trnh h chuyn ng. Gi ta ca rng rc th hai l x
2
. Ta cng c nhn xt l chuyn
ng ca m
2
ging ht nh chuyn ng ca rng rc th hai v chng c ni vi nhau bng mt on
dy khng co dn. Gi ta m
1
l x
1
.
Ta ln lt vit phng trnh chuyn ng ca cc vt trong h.
* Xt vt m
1
:
Vt m
1
chu tc dng ca hai lc ngc chiu nhau : m
1
hng xung di (m
1
g > 0), lc cng
1
ca
si dy hng ln trn (T
1
< 0).
Vy theo nh lut II phng trnh chuyn ng ca m
1
l :
m
1
g T
1
= m
1
a
1
(1)
* Xt chuyn ng quay ca rng rc th nht :
Rng rc chu tc dng ca hai mmen lc : T
1
R v T
2
R ngc chiu nhau, do phng trnh chuyn
ng ca rng rc th nht l :
(T
1
-T
2
)R = I
1
= I(a
1
/R) = mR
2
(a
1
/R) = ma
1
R
hay : T
1
-T
2
= ma
1
(2)
* Xt chuyn ng quay ca rng rc th hai (lu rng rc 2 bao gi cng quay ngc chiu
vi rng rc 1)
Tng t rng rc 1, ta c phng trnh chuyn ng :
(T
3
-T
2
)R = I
2
= I(a
2
/R) = mR
2
(a
2
/R) = ma
2
R
Hay : T
3
-T
2
= ma
2
(3)
* Lu l rng rc th hai va tham gia c chuyn ng quay v c chuyn ng tnh tin. V vt m
2
ni
vi rng rc th hai bng mt si dy khng co dn nn ta c th coi rng rc th hai v vt m
2
nh l
mt vt vi khi lng l (m+m
2
) cng tham gia chuyn ng tnh tin.
Lc tc dng ln (m+m
2
) gm (m+m
2
)g hng xung di v (T
2
+T
3
) hng ln trn. Vy
phng trnh chuyn ng l :
(m+m
2
)g - (T
2
+T
3
) = (m+m
2
) a
2
(4)
* n y ta tm c bn phng trnh (1),(2),(3) v (4) nhng ta li c ti nm n s : a
1
, a
2
, T
1
, T
2
, T
3
do c th gii c bi ton ta cn phi tm thm mt phng trnh na.
Ta c nhn xt l hai rng rc khng chuyn ng hon ton c lp i vi nhau v chng c vt
qua bi cng mt si dy c di khng i.
Biu thc xc nh chiu di l ca si dy l :
x
2
+ (x
2
xo) + (x
1
xo) + R + R = l
hay 2x
2
+ x
1
2xo +2 R = l
ly o hm bc hai theo thi gian v rng xo, R, l l hng s, ta i n phng trnh :
2 =0 hay 2a
2
+ a
1
= 0
hay a
1
= -2a
2
(5)
* Cui cng ta gii h gm nm phng trnh (1),(2),(3),(4) v (5) nh sau :
(1)+(2)m
1
g T
2
= (m
1
+ m)a
1
= (m+2m
1
)a
1
hay - T
2
= (m+2m
1
)a
1
m
1
g
thay a
1
= -2a
2
t (5) vo phng trnh trn, ta c :
- T
2
= -(m+2m
1
) a
2
m
1
g (*)
(3) + (4) (m+m
2
)g 2T
2
= (3m+2m
2
)a
2
(**)
Thay 2T
2
t (*) vo (**), ta c :
(m+m
2
)g 2(m+2m
1
)a
2
2m
1
g = (3m+2m
2
)a
2
hay (m+m
2
-2m
1
)g = (3m+2m
2
)a
2
+2(m+2m
1
)a
2
= (3m+2m
2
+4m+8m
1
)a
2
= (7m+2m
2
+8m
1
)a
2
T ta tnh c :
a
2
=
T (5) a
1
= -2a
2
nn :
a
1
=-2a
2
=
Mun cho m
1
chuyn ng xung pha di, tc l a
1
>0, th cn tha mn iu kin :
8m
1
> 4(m+m
2
) hay 2m
1
>(m+m
2
)
(1) T
1
= m
1
(g-a
1
) = m
1
[g- ]
= m
1
[
=
T
1
=
(*)T
2
= (m+2m
1
)a
2
+m
1
g = (m+2m
1
) + m
1
g
T
2
=
(3)T
3
= T
2
+ ma
2
=
T
3
=
Bi 31.Mt khi trc c c khi lng l M v c bn knh R c th quay
khng ma st chung quanh trc ca n theo phng nm ngang. Ngi ta
treo hai vt c khi lng bng nhau v bng m nh hai si dy nh qun
quanh khi tr v th cho chng ri khng vn tc ban u. Hy xc nh :
a/ Gia tc ca cc vt.
b/ Lc cng ca mi si dy.
c/ Vn tc gc ca khi tr khi hai vt ri c mt on h.
(S : a/ a = 4mg/(M+4m) ; b/ T = Mmg/(M+4m) ; c/ =
)
Bi 32. Cho mt h nh hnh v. Rng rc l mt rng rc kp
ng tm c bn knh ln lt l R v R/2. Cho bit mmen qun
tnh ca rng rc l I. Tm iu kin cho m
1
chuyn ng i xung. Vi iu kin hy tnh gia tc
gc ca rng rc v lc cng trn cc oan dy.
(S : m
1
>2m
2
= g ;
T
1
= m
1
g[1- ] ;
T
2
= m
2
g[1+ ])
Bi 33.Mt thanh mnh khi lng m c chiu di l L c th quay khng ma st quanh
trc O nm ngang i qua u thanh. Trn trc O cn treo mt si dy chiu di l khng
co dn. u kia ca si dy c vt nng khi lng m. B qua khi lng ca dy treo.
Ko qu cu sao cho dy lch mt gc no so vi thanh (dy vn phi cng)
ri th tay. Hi chiu di l ca dy treo qu cu phi bng bao nhiu sau khi
va chm vi thanh th qu cu dng li. Coi va chm gia qu cu vi thanh l
hon ton n hi.
(S : l= )
Bi 34. cao h trn mt mt phng nghing lm vi mt phng nm ngang mt gc , ngi ta th
cho mt hnh xuyn, c khi lng M c cc bn knh ngoi v trong ln lt l R
1
v R
2
, ln khng
trt vi vn tc ban u bng khng. Cho h s ma st ln ca hnh xuyn vi mt phng nghing v
mt phng ngang l . Hy tnh vn tc ca hnh xuyn khi n ln n mt phng nm ngang v qung
ng BC m n tip tc ln trn mt phng nm ngang cho n khi dng li.
(S : v=2 ; )
Bi 35. Mt thanh ng cht c chiu di l ang v tr thng ng th b xung.
Hy xc nh :
a/ Vn tc di ca nh thanh khi n chm t.
b/ V tr ca im M trn thanh sao cho khi M chm t th vn tc ca n ng
bng vn tc chm t ca mt vt ri t do t v tr M.
Bi gii
a/ Khi thanh xung c th xem thanh quay quanh im O vi vn tc gc .
Khi thanh v tr thng ng th thanh c th nng (thay thanh bng cht im nm
ti khi tm G cch O mt on l/2)
U = mgl
Khi chm t th th nng ca thanh bin hon ton thnh ng nng quay ca thanh :
K
quay
= I
2
= ( ml
2
)
2
= ml
2

2
= mgl
T :
=
Vn tc di ca nh thanh c tnh theo cng thc v = l :
v = l =
b/ Ta bit rng vt ri t do cao h khi chm t th c vn tc l v= . Ap dng cng thc ny
vi im M c cao xM ;
v
M
=
Theo u bi :
= x
M
= x
M
T tm c :
x
M
= l
Bi 36. T nh mt bn cu bn knh R ngi ta bung tay cho mt vin bi ln khng trt trn b mt
bn cu. Hi vin bi ri khi mt cu cao no so vi mt t. B qua nh hng ca ma st.
( S : h = )
Bi 37: T mt t mt vt c khi lng m (kg), c bn vi vn tc ban u V
0
(m/s) , hp vi
phng nm ngang mt gc

. Hy xc nh:
a. Thi gian chuyn ng ca vt.

g
v
t
gt
t v y
d d

sin 2
2
. sin 0
0
2
0

b. Tm xa m vt c th t c.

g
v
t v x
d d

cos . sin 2
. cos
2
0
0

c. cao cc i m vt c th t c.

g
V
y
g
V
t va
t g
t V y
H
H
H
2
sin . sin
2
.
. sin
2 2
0
max
0
2
0 max

d. Vct vn tc ti thi im chm t.

0
2
0
2
0 0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2 2
) sin 2 sin ( ) cos (
) sin ( ) cos (
v v v v v
gt v v v v v v v v
d dy dx d dy dx d
+
+ + +



e. Vct vn tc ti thi im t bt k k t lc nm.

2
0
2
0
2 2
) sin ( ) cos (
A Ay Ax A Ay Ax A
gt v v v v v v v v + + +

f. Gi s gc

c th thay i c . Hy xc nh gc

vt c th t c tm xa cc i v
tnh gi tr cc i .

0
2
0
2
0
0 max
45 1 2 sin
2 sin cos . sin 2
. cos

g
v
g
v
t v x
d d
g. Phng trnh qu o ca vt.

x tg x
v
g
v
x g
v
x v t g
t v y
v
x
t t v x
. .
cos . 2 cos
2 cos
. sin
2
.
. sin
cos
. cos
2
2 2
0
2 2
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
0

+

h. Ti thi im t
A
(s) k t lc bt u nm hy xc nh gia tc tip tuyn, gia tc php tuyn, bn
knh cong qu o.

2
0
2
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
) sin ( ) cos (
cos
. . cos
) sin ( ) cos (
. sin
. . sin .
A
A
x A
n
A
A
A
y A
t
t g v v
v
g
v
v
g g a
t g v v
t g v
g
v
v
g g a
+

+

2
1

T

( ) [ ]

cos . .
) sin ( cos
0
2 / 3
2
0
2
0
2 2
v g
t g v v
a
v
R
R
v
a
A
n
n
+

i. Mmen ngoi lc tc dng ln vt i vi im nm ti thi im vt t cao cc i.

mg
g
V
M
mg x P r P r M P r M
H
.
sin . cos .
. cos . .
2
sin . .
2
0

,
_

j. Mmen ng lng ca vt i vi im nm ti v tr vt t cao cc i.

cos . .
2
sin
. . sin . .
0
2 2
0
max
V m
g
V
V m y mV r L V m r L
Hx H H

y
r

0
0
V

max
y

H
V

H
P

y
r

0
0
V

H
Hnh v
a
t
a
n
a
k. Mmen ngoi lc tc dng ln vt i vi im nm ti thi im t k t lc nm.
mg t V
mg x P r
P r M
P r M
A
A
. . cos .
. cos . .
2
sin . .
0

,
_

l. M men ng lng i vi im nm ti thi im t (s )k t lc nm.

2
. cos 0
. . cos . . . cos .
2
0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0
A
A
t
t
t
t
A
t
t
L
L
t
mg V L L
dt t mg V dt t mg V L L dt M dL M
dt
dL
A A A A

Bi 38 : Mt vt ri t do i c 10m cui cng ca qung ng trong khong thi gian t
1
= 0,25s
Cho g = 9,8m/s
2
. Tnh:
a. Vn tc ca vt khi chm t.
b. cao t vt bt u ri.
c. Nu t cao ny ngi ta nm thng ng mt vt khc th phi nm vi vn tc bng bao nhiu v
phi theo hng no vt ri xung ti mt t chm hn (v nhanh hn ) vt ri t do mt khong t
2
=
1s.
a. Ti im chm t ) 1 (
2 2
.
2 2
0
d d
d d
t g t g
t V h y +
Ti B : ) 2 (
2
2
B
B
t g
S h y

) 3 ( 25 , 0 25 , 0
1

d B B d
t t s t t t
T (1) v (2) ta c : ) 4 (
2 2
2 2
S
gt gt
B d
+
Thay (3) vo (4) ta c : ( ) s t t s t g gt
d d d d
2066 , 4 20 6125 , 0 9 , 4 2 25 , 0
2 2
+ +
s m gt V
d d
/ 225 , 41 2066 , 4 . 8 , 9
b. m
t g
h
d
71 , 86
2
.
2

P

y
r

0
0
V

A
Hnh v
a
t
a
n
a
c.
+
+ +
02 2
2
2
2 02 2
01 1
2
1
1 01 1
) 1 (
2
.
) 1 (
2
.
V t t
gt
t V h y
V t t
gt
t V h y
d d
d
d d
d d
d
d d
Bi 3 9 : Mt v lng sau khi quay c mt pht th thu c vn tc 700 vng/pht. Tnh gia tc gc
ca v lng v s vng m v lng quay c trong mt pht y nu chuyn ng ca v lng l nhanh
dn u.
Vn tc gc ca v lng t = 700v ng/pht = 700.2/60 (rad/s), sau thi gian t = 1pht = 60s.
M = . t Gia tc gc:
( )
2
/ 22 , 1
3600
1400
60
60 / 1400
s rad
t

.
Gc quay c sau thi gian t= 1 pht l:
( ) rad t
2 2
60 . 22 , 1 .
2
1
.
2
1

Do vy s vng quay c trong 1 pht l:
vng
4
.
2
n
2

t
.
Bi 40 . Mt bnh xe c bn knh R = 10cm lc u ng yn, sau quay xung quanh trc ca n vi gia
tc gc bng 3,14 rad/s
2
. Hi sau giy th nht:
a) Vn tc gc v vn tc di ca mt im trn vnh bnh?
b) Gia tc php tuyn, gia tc tip tuyn v gia tc ton phn ca mt im trn vnh bnh?
c) Gc gia gia tc ton phn v bn knh ca bnh xe (ng vi cng mt im trn vnh bnh?)
Bi gii:
a. Sau giy th nht, vn tc gc v vn tc di ca mt im trn vnh bnh l:
( )
( ) s m R v
s rad t
/ ... .
/ ... .

b. Gia tc tip tuyn c gi tr khng i v gia tc php tuyn :
( )
( )
2 2 2
n
2
t
s m 986 0 1 0 14 3 R a
s m 314 0 1 0 14 3 R a
/ , , . , .
/ , , . , .

- Gia tc ton phn bng:

( )
2 2
n
2
t
s m 03 1 a a a / , + .
c. Gc gia gia tc ton phn a v bn knh l tha mn:
03 1
314 0
a
a
t
,
,
sin
= 17
0
46.
Bi 41 . Chu k quay ca mt bnh xe c bn knh 50cm l 0,1 giy. Tm:
a) Vn tc di v vn tc gc ca mt im vnh bnh;
b) Gia tc php tuyn ca mt im nm gia mt bn knh.
Bi gii:
a. Vn tc di v vn tc gc ca mt im trn vnh bnh:

( )
( ) s rad
R
v
s m
T
R
v
/ 8 , 62
5 , 0
4 , 31
/ 4 , 31
1 , 0
5 , 0 . 2 2

b. Gia tc php tuyn (gia tc hng tm) ca mt im nm gia mt bn knh:
( )
2 2 2 2
n
s m 986 2 5 0 8 62 2 R r a / / , . , / . .

Hnh v
a
t
a
n
a
Bi 42 : Cho ba qu cu nh khi lng bng nhau m = 0,1 kg c ni bi cc si dy khng dn, khi
lng khng ng k c cng chiu di l = 0,5m, dy quay u trong mt phng nm ngang xung quanh
trc quay i qua 0 vi vn tc gc =100 rad/s . Tnh sc cng ca tng on dy.( bn knh ca qu
cu khng ng k )

Vit phng tr nh chuyn ng cho tng vt
3 3 3
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
a m T P
a m T T P
a m T T P

+
+ +
+ +
Chiu ln phng chuyn ng ( Hng tm)
2
3 3
2
2 2 2
2
1 1 1
. 3 .
. 2 .
.

l m ma T
l m ma T T
ml ma T T
n
n
n



Theo iu kin u bi :
2 3 1 2
; T T T T
Thay vo trn :

2
3
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
1
. 3 .
. . . 5 . 3 . . 2 .
6 . 5 . .

l m T
m l l m l m T
m l l m ml T

+
+

Bi 43 : Mt t chuyn ng chm dn u vi vn tc ban u V
0
= 54 km/h , trn on ng c dng
cung trn bn knh R = 800m. Khi i c on ng S = 800 m th vn tc ca n l V= 18 km/h.
a. Tnh thi gian chuyn ng ca t khi i ht on ng .
b. Tr s v phng gia tc ton phn ca t ti thi im u v thi im cui ca qung
ng..
c. Gia tc gc, vn tc gc ca t ti thi im t = 2s k t lc bt u chuyn ng vo on
ng .
Bi 44 : Cho mt cht im chuyn ng trn tm 0 bn knh R ngc chiu (cng chiu ) kim ng h .
Hy biu din cc vct: Vn tc, gia tc tip tuyn, gia tc php tuyn, gia tc ton phn, vn tc gc,
gia tc gc,vct ng lng, vct m men ng lng ca cht im ti mt thi im t , khi cht
im chuyn ng chm dn v nhanh dn.
Bi 45 : Mt qut my quay u vi vn tc gc

= 900 vng/pht. Sau khi ngt mch qut quay chm

dn u c N = 75 vng th dng hn. Tm :
a. Thi gian t lc ngt mch n khi dng hn
b. Tr s gia tc ton phn ti mt im nm cch trc quay mt khong r = 10cm ti thi im t
1
=
5s k t lc ngt mch.
Bi 46 : Mt vt nm ngang p vo bc tng thng ng cch im nm S = 6,75 m. im cao ca
im va chm thp hn so vi im nm mt on h = 1m,
cho g = 9,8m/s
2
. Tnh :
a. Vn tc ban u ca vt
b. Bn knh cong qu o ti thi im t =0,3s k t lc nm
c. Tr s v phng ca vn tc ti im va chm.
d. Mmen ngoi lc i vi im nm ti thi im vt va chm tng.
1
P

2
P

3
P

2
T

2
T

3
T

1
T

1
T

00
m

3
m
1
m
2
m
e.
Mmen ng lng i vi im nm ti thi im vt chm tng.
Bi 4 7 : Cho mt h c hc nh hnh v : Cho m
1
= 1 kg , m
2
= 3 kg . Rng rc l mt

a trn c khi
lng m
3
=2 kg, gc = 30
0
, h s ma st gia vt m
1
v mt phng nghing k = 0,1 . Cho dy khng dn
khi lng
khng ng
k . Hy
tnh gia tc
chuyn
ng ca h
v sc cng
ca dy.
Bi 4 8 .
Cho mt h
c hc nh hnh v .Hnh tr c c khi lng m
1
= 300 g
m
2
= 400 g. Ni vi nhau bi si dy khng dn, khi lng khng ng k , xem dy khng trt trn
rng rc. Ly g = 10 m/s
2
.Hy xc nh gia tc ca h v sc cng ca dy .
Bi 49 . Cho rng rc l
mt a trn c khi
lng m
1
= 100 g, quay
xung quanh mt trc
nm ngang i qua tm O.
Trn rng rc c cun
mt si dy khng dn,
khi lng khng ng
k , u kia ca dy treo mt vt nng c khi lng m
2
= 50 g . vt nng t do chuyn ng .Tm gia
tc ca vt nng v
sc cng ca dy .
Ly g = 10 m/s
2
Gii:
Vit phng tr nh
chuyn ng cho
tng vt:

I M
a m T P
T

+
2 2 2 2

1
m
2
m
P

1
T

2
T

1
m
2
m

1
m
2
mm
m
Chiu ln phng chuyn ng:
2 2
2 1 2
2
1
2 2 2 2
a m
T
r
a r m
I rT
a m T P

Thay vo trn ta c :
N T
s m
m m
g m
a a a
m
m g m
25 , 0
2
5 . 1 , 0
) / ( 5
2
2
)
2
(
2
1 2
2
2 2
1
2 2

+
+
Bi 50. Trn mt tr rng khi lng m = 1kg, ngi ta cun mt si dy khng gin c khi lng v
ng knh nh khng ng k. u t do ca dy c gn trn mt gi c nh. tr ri di tc
dng ca trng lng. tnh gia tc ca tr v sc cng ca dy treo.
Tr chuyn ng tnh tin va chuyn ng quay. Gi T l sc cng dy. Vit cc phng tr nh
chuyn ng cho vt ta c:
(**)
.
(*)
2
2
ma T
R
a mR
mR I TR I
ma T mg a m T P
T

+

T (*) v (**) ta c:
( )
( )

'

N
mg
T
s m
g
a ma mg
9 , 4
2
8 , 9 . 1
2
/ 9 , 4
2
8 , 9
2
2
2
Bi 51 . Mt a trn, tr rng, qu cu c, c khi lng m , bn knh R, quay quanh trc i qua tm
vi vn tc gc
0

vng/pht. Tc dng ln vt mt lc hm tip tuyn vi vnh a ( tr, qu cu) v

vung gc vi trc quay. Sau t pht th vt dng li. Tm gi tr ca mmen lc hm i vi trc quay .
p dng nh l v mmen ng lng :
) (
60 .
2 . . . . 0
0 0 0
Nm
t
I
t
I
t
I
M M
t
L

- Mmen qun tnh ca a:

2
2
mR
I
- Mmen qun tnh ca tr rng:
2
mR I
- Mmen qun tnh ca qu cu c:
2
5
2
mR I
Bi 52 . Mt a trn c khi lng m = 3kg , bn knh R = 0,6m , quay quanh trc i qua tm a vi
vn tc gc
600
0

vng/pht. Tc dng ln a mt lc hm tip tuyn vi vnh a v vung gc vi
trc quay. Sau 2 pht th a dng li, tm ln ca lc hm tip tuyn.
P

m
N
t
R m
F
t
mR
t
I
M M
t
L
R
M
F F R M
h h h
h
h h h
60 . 120 . 2
14 , 3 . 2 . 600 . 6 , 0 . 3
. 2
. .
. 2
. 0
.
0 0
2
0

Bi 53 . T
cao h = 0,7 m trn
mt phng
nghing, ngi ta
cho mt qu cu
c, mt a trn,
mt tr c, mt
vnh trn, mt tr
rng, c cng bn
knh, ln khng trt trn mt phng nghing Bit

= 30
0
,60
0
, 45
0
,

ly g = 9,8 m/s
2
. Hy xc nh :
a. Vn tc di ca cc vt cui mt phng nghing. gia tc khi tm ca cc vt.
b. Thi gian chuyn ng ca vt khi i ht mt phng nghing .
(coi vn tc ban u ca cc vt u bng khng).
c. Tm gi tr ca lc ma st gia vt v mt phng nghing.
d. Nu gc nghing thay i, h s ma st khng i th gc nghing phi bng bao nhiu cc hnh
ln khng trt.
e. Tm gi ca h s ma st sao cho s ln khng xy ra.
BI GII
a. * Vn tc di cui mt phng nghing : Vt ln khng trt th lc ma st l lc ma st ngh, cng
ca lc ma st bng 0, const W A dS N
N
0

p dng nh lut bo ton c nng ta c:

( )
I mR
R mgh
V
R
V I mV
mgh
I mV
mgR R h mg
+
+ + + +
2
2
2
2 2 2 2
. 2
. 2
.
2 2 2

- a trn, tr c: 3
. 4
2
1
1
2
2
2
2 2
gh
mR
mghR
V
mR
I

,
_

+

- Qu cu c: 7
. 10
5
2
1
2
5
2
2
2
2
gh
mR
mghR
V mR I

,
_

+

- Vnh trn, tr rng: gh
mR
mghR
V mR I
2
2
2
. 2
2
* Gia tc khi tm ca cc vt :
h
V
S
V
a
h
S V S a V V
. 2
sin .
2
;
sin
, 0 ; 2
2 2
0
2
0
2

- a trn, tr c:
3
sin 2
2 . 3
sin . 4
3
. 4 g
h
gh
a
gh
V
- Qu cu c:

sin . .
7
5
2 . 7
sin . 10
7
. 10
g
h
gh
a
gh
V
- Vnh trn, tr rng:
2
sin .
2
sin . g
h
gh
a gh V

h
RR
mm
m
b. Thi gian chuyn ng ca vt :
a
V
t V at at V V + ) 0 ( ;
0 0
- a trn, tr c:

2
sin .
3
3
sin 2
;
3
. 4
g
h
t
g
a
gh
V

- Qu cu c:

2
sin . 5
. 14
sin . .
7
5
;
7
. 10
g
h
t g a
gh
V
- Vnh trn, tr rng:

2
sin .
. 4
2
sin .
;
g
h
t
g
a gh V
c. Lc ma st gia hnh tr v mt phng nghing
I mR
mg I
R
I mR
mg
R
I
F
R
I
m
mg
a
R
I
m a P
R
a I
F
R
a
I I F R
ma F P
ms
ms ms
ms
+

,
_

,
_

,
_

+


2
2
2 2
2
2
2
sin . . sin . sin .
. sin .
.
. . .
sin .

-Qu cu ng cht:
sin .
7
2
5
2
2
mg F mR I
ms

- a trn, tr c : sin .
3
1
2
2
mg F
mR
I
ms

- Vnh trn, tr rng:
2
sin .
2
mg
F mR I
ms

d. Vt ln khng trt:
N k F F F
t ms
.
mstr msngh
- Qu cu ng cht:
k tg mg k mg F
ms
2
7
cos . . sin .
7
2

- a trn, tr c :
k tg mg k mg F
ms
3 cos . . sin .
3
1

bt ng thc cho ta xc nh gii hn trn ca gc nghing
0 0
3 k tg
Vt ln khng trt
- Vnh trn, tr rng:
k tg mg k mg F
ms
2 cos . . sin .
2
1

e. Gi tr ca h s ma st sao cho s ln khng xy ra:
iu kin vt khng ln:
N k F F F
t ms
.
mstr msngh
Bi 54 . C hai hnh tr, mt bng nhm (c), mt bng ch (rng) cng c th t nh mt mt phng
nghing. Chng c cng bn knh R = 6cm v cng khi lng m = 0,5kg. Mt cc hnh tr c qut
sn ging nhau. Hi:
a) Vn tc tnh tin ca cc hnh tr cui mt phng nghing c khc nhau khng?
b) Mmen qun tnh ca mi hnh tr;
Bi 55 : Mt bao ct c khi
lng M, c treo bi si
dy khng dn chiu di l,
khi lng khng ng k.
Mt vin n c khi lng m
bay theo phng ngang (h.v).
Hi ti v tr thp ca bao ct
M M
m
M
RR
mm
m
RR
mm
mm
m
th vn tc b nht ca vin n phi bng bao nhiu khi vin n cm vo bao ct, th c bao ct v
vin n chuyn ng quay trn trong mt phng thng ng quanh im treo.
Bi gii:
p dng nh lut bo ton ng lng theo phng ngang:
m
V m M
v
m
V M m
v V m M mv
A A
A
min
min
). ( ). (
). (
+

+
+
p dng nh lut bo ton c nng ( thes lc l P A S d T
T

; 0 )
B A
W W
Chn gc th nng ti A bng 0
(*)
2
) (
2 ) (
2
) (
min
2 2
min B A
V m M
l g m M
V m M +
+ +
+
Vit phng tr nh chuyn ng cho vt ti B:

l
V m M
a m M T P
B
n
2
) (
) (
+
+ +
Mun V
Bmin
th ti B sc cng T= 0
gl
m M
l g m M
V
B

+
+

) (
. ) (
2

Thay vo (*)
gl
m
m M
v gl V
A
5
) (
5
min min
+

Bi 56 : Cho mt h c hc nh hnh v m
1
= 400g , m
2
= 200g , rng rc l mt a trn c khi lng
m
3
= 100g . Gi m
2
chm t th m
1
cch mt t

mt khong
h
1
= 2m. Cho dy khng dn , khi lng khng ng k .
a. Hy xc nh gia tc chuyn ng ca h v sc cng ca cc on dy.
b. Tnh cao cc i m m
2
c th t c.
Bi 57 : Mt vt nh trt khng ma st t nh mt mt cu c bn knh R = 1,2m. Mt cu t trn mt
t, ly g = 9,8m/s
2
. Xc nh :
a. V tr vt bt u ri khi mt cu so vi mt t.
b. Vn tc ca vt khi chm t.
BI GII:
a. V tr vt bt u ri khi mt cu so vi mt t.
Gi s ti B vt bt u ri khi mt cu
1
m
1
h
2
m
3
mmmmmmm
R

h
B
AA
m
R
00
m
RR
mm
mm
m
A
M
m
B
A
V

p dng nh lut bo ton c nng:

gim th nng ca vt bng tng ng nng ca vt nn ta c
(*)
2 2
2 2
g
V
h
mV
h mg
B B

Tnh V
B
: Vit phng trnh ng lc hc cho vt ti B, chiu ln phng hng tm ta c
R
mV
ma N P
B
n
2
cos . Ti B vt ri khi mt cu nn mt cu khng cn tc dng ln vt (N=0)
(**) ) ( ) (
2
2
h R g V
R
mV
R
h R
mg
B
B


Thay (**) vo (*) ta c:
3 2 2
R
h
R h
h

+
V tr vt bt u ri khi mt cu so vi mt t:
R h R
3
5
2
b. Vn tc ca vt khi chm t:
p dng nh lut bo ton c nng: Chn gc th nng ti mt t bng 0
gR V
V
gR
mV mV
R mg

B
4
2 2 . 3
2
3
5
2 2 3
5
2 2 2

,
_

+ +
Bi 58 . Mt a tr n ng cht khi lng m
1
=100kg, bn knh R = 1,5m, quay khng ma st quanh
mt trc thng ng i qua tm vi vn tc gc 10 vng/pht. Mt ngi c khi lng m
2
= 50kg ng
mp a v i dn vo tm a dc theo phng bn knh. Xc nh:
a. Vn tc gc ca a khi ngi ng tm a.
b. Cng m ngi thc hin khi ngi i t mp a vo tm a .(Coi ngi l mt cht im)
Bi gii:
a. Vn tc gc ca a khi ngi vo tm a:
p dng nh lut bo ton mmen ng lng cho h ngi a:
2
2
1
2 2 2
1
2
2
2
1
1 1 1
2
.
2


R m
I L
R m
R m
I L

,
_

+
m :
2 2 1 1 2 1
I I L L
1
1
2 1
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
m
m 2 m
R m 5 0
R m R m 5 0
I
I

+

+

. ,
. ,
22 10
100
60 2 100
2

+
.
.
(vng/pht)
b. Cng m ngi thc hin khi ngi i t mp a vo tm a
( )
) 2 (
4
2 2
. 2
2 2 2 2
2
1 2
2
1 1
2
2 1
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1 1
2
2 2
1 2


m m m
R
A
A
R m R m R m I I
W W W
d d d

+

Bi 59 : Mt thanh ng cht thit din mnh, chiu di l (m), quay xung quanh trc nm ngang i qua
mt u ca thanh. Lc u thanh v tr nm ngang , th thanh chuyn ng t do. Tm gia tc gc v
vn tc gc ca thanh khi thanh i
qua v tr hp vi phng thng
ng mt gc v khi thanh i
qua v tr cn bng. Ly g =
9,8m/s
2
l

h
B
AA
mm
m
R
00
m
* Tm gia tc gc ca thanh:
Mmen qun tnh i vi trc quay C i qua u thanh:
3 4 12
2 2 2
ml ml ml
I
c
+
Phng tr nh chuyn ng quay:
) / (
. 2
sin . . 3
3
sin .
2
.
2
2
s rad
l
g
ml
P
l
I P r M
c

* Tm vn tc gc ca thanh:
p dng nh lut bo ton c nng, chn gc th nng ti D (W
tD
=0 )
C nng bo ton : (W
A
= W
B
)
) / (
cos 3
2
cos .
2
cos
1
6
.
2
.
3 2
cos .
2
2 2
2 2 2
s rad
l
g
mgl
mgl mgl
ml
ml l
l mg I mgh mgl
c

,
_

+
,
_

+
Bi
60 :
Cho
mt
h c
hc
c
gn
vo
thang
my
nh
hnh
v. Thang my chuyn ng i ln vi gia tc a
0
= 2m/s
2
. Cho :
m
1
= 2kg, m
2
= 1kg, m
3
= 1,5kg, m
4
= 5kg . Dy khng dn khi lng khng ng k, xem dy khng
trt trn rng rc . Tnh :
a. Gia tc chuyn ng ca cc vt i vi mt t.
b. Sc cng ca cc on dy.
c. p lc ca m
2
ln m
1
.
Bi 61 : Cho mt h c hc c gn vo thang my (hnh v). Thang my chuyn ng i ln (hoc i
xung) vi gia tc a
0
(m/s
2
) Cho : m
1
(kg) > m
2
(kg), Dy khng dn khi lng khng ng k, xem dy
khng trt trn rng rc, ly g =10m/s
2
.
a. Tnh gia tc chuyn ng ca cc vt i vi thang my.
b. Tnh sc cng ca si dy.
l
h
P

c 0000
l
h
P

c 0000
D
A
B
0
a

m
2
m
4
m
1
m
3
* Thang
my
chuyn
ng i
ln:
- Gi
gia tc
ca vt
i vi
thang
my l: a

Vit phng trnh chuyn ng cho tng vt:

2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
T P a m
T P a m

+
+
chiu ln phng chuyn ng ca tng vt
( )
( )
0 2 2 2
0 1 1 1
a a m P T
a a m T P
+

Theo iu kin ca u bi :
T T T
2 1
Thay vo v cng hai v ta c : +
0 2 2 2
0 1 1 1
a m a m P T
a m a m T P
+


0 2 1 2 1 2 1
) ( ) ( a m m a m m P P +
) / (
) ).( (
2
2 1
0 2 1
s m
m m
a g m m
a
+
+


) ( ) (
0 1
N a a g m T +
* Thang my chuyn ng i xung:
Gi gia tc ca vt i vi thang my l: a

Vit phng trnh chuyn ng cho tng vt:

2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
T P a m
T P a m

+
+
chiu ln phng chuyn ng ca tng vt
( )
( )
0 2 2 2
0 1 1 1
a a m P T
a a m T P

+
Theo iu kin ca u bi :
T T T
2 1
Thay vo v cng hai v ta c : +
0 2 2 2
0 1 1 1
a m a m P T
a m a m T P

+

0 2 1 2 1 2 1
) ( ) ( a m m a m m P P + +
) / (
) ).( (
2
2 1
0 2 1
s m
m m
a g m m
a
+



) ( ) (
0 1
N a a g m T
Bi 62 . Cho mt h c hc c gn vo thang my (hnh v). Thang my chuyn ng i ln (hoc i
xung) vi gia tc a
0
(m/s
2
). Cho : m
1
(kg)< m
2
(kg). Dy khng dn khi lng khng ng k, xem dy
khng trt trn rng rc, ly g =10m/s
2
.
a. .Tnh gia tc chuyn ng ca cc vt i vi thang my
b. Tnh sc cng ca si dy.
* Thang my chuyn ng i ln:
- Gi gia tc ca vt i vi thang my l: a

Vit phng trnh chuyn ng cho tng vt:

1
m
2
m
0
a

1
T

2
T

2
P

1
P

1
m
2
m
0
a

1
T

2
T

2
P

1
P

2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
T P a m
T P a m

+
+
chiu
ln phng chuyn ng
ca tng vt
( )
( )
0 2 2 2
0 1 1 1
a a m T P
a a m P T

+

Theo iu kin ca u
bi :
T T T
2 1
Thay vo v cng hai v
ta c : +
0 2 2 2
0 1 1 1
a m a m T P
a m a m P T

+

0 1 2 2 1 1 2
) ( ) ( a m m a m m P P +
) / (
) ).( (
2
2 1
0 1 2
s m
m m
a g m m
a
+
+


) ( ) (
0 1
N g a a m T + +
* Thang my chuyn ng i xung:
Gi gia tc ca vt i vi thang my l: a

Vit phng tr nh chuyn ng cho tng vt:

2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
T P a m
T P a m

+
+
chiu ln phng chuyn ng ca tng vt
( )
( )
0 2 2 2
0 1 1 1
a a m T P
a a m P T
+

Theo iu kin ca u bi :
T T T
2 1
Thay vo v cng hai v ta c : +
0 2 2 2
0 1 1 1
a m a m T P
a m a m P T
+


0 1 2 2 1 1 2
) ( ) ( a m m a m m P P + +
) / (
) ).( (
2
2 1
0 1 2
s m
m m
a g m m
a
+



) ( ) (
0 1
N g a a m T +
Bi 63 . Mt vt c khi
lng m(kg)chuyn ng
trn sn thang my di tc
dng ca lc F (N) theo
phng ngang. H s ma
st gia vt v sn l
k . Thang my chuyn
ng ln trn ( hoc
chuyn ng xung di)
vi gia tc
) / (
2
0
s m a
. Ly
g =9,8m/s
2

a. Tnh gia tc ca vt i
vi sn thang my ( Cho
lc F)
b. Tnh lc F tc dng ln
vt ( Khi cho gia tc)
F

0
a

0
a

qt
F

mS
F

1
m
2
m
0
a

1
T

2
T

2
P

1
P

1
m
2
m
0
a

1
T

2
T

2
P

1
P

* Thang my chuyn ng i ln:

a. Vit phng tr nh chuyn ng cho vt trong h quy chiu khng qun tnh:
( )
( )
m
F P K F
a
ma mg K F P K F a m F F
a m F F F N P
qt
qt mS mS
qt ms
+

+ +
+ + + +
) ( ;
0

* Thang my
chuyn ng i xung:
Vit phng tr nh
chuyn ng cho vt
trong h quy chiu
khng qun tnh:

( )
m
F P K F
m
F F
a
ma mg k F P K F a m F F
a m F F F N P
qt
mS
qt mS mS
qt ms
) (
) ( ;
0

+ + + +



Bi 64 . Mt vt c khi lng m(kg) chuyn ng trn sn thang my vi gia tc a

(m/s
2
) i vi sn,
di tc dng ca lc F (N) theo phng ngang. H s ma st gia vt v sn l k . Thang my chuyn
ng ln trn ( hoc chuyn ng xung di) vi gia tc
) / (
2
0
s m a
. Tnh lc F tc dng ln vt. Ly g
=9,8m/s
2

* Thang my chuyn
ng i ln:
F

0
a

qt
F

mS
F

0
a

0
a

qt
F

mS
F

Vit phng tr nh chuyn ng cho vt trong h quy chiu khng qun tnh:
( ) ) (
0
ma mg K a m F P K a m F a m F F
a m F F F N P
qt mS
qt ms
+ + + +
+ + + +


* Thang my
chuyn ng i xung:
Vit phng tr nh
chuyn ng cho vt
trong h quy chiu
khng qun tnh:

( ) ) ( ;
0
ma mg k a m F P K a m F a m F F
a m F F F N P
qt mS
qt ms
+ +
+ + + +


Bi 65 . Mt thanh ng cht c chiu di l = 5m ang v tr thng ng th b
xung. g=10m/s
2
a a. Xc nh vn tc di ca nh thanh khi n chm t .
b. Xc nh cao ca im M trn thanh sao cho khi im M chm t th vn
tc ca n ng bng vn tc chm t ca vt ri t do t cao .
Bi gii :
a) v tr thng ng, ct c th nng w
t
=
2
mgl
. Khi ti mt t th th nng ny bin thnh
ng nng quay ca ct v tr chm t
2
.
2
I
W
d
, trong I l mmen qun tnh ca thanh i vi
trc qua u mt ca thanh: I =
3
2
ml
, l vn tc gc ca nh thanh lc chm t.
p dng nh lut bo ton c nng: s m gl V
l
V ml I mgl
/ 2 , 12 3
2 . 3 2
.
2
2
2 2 2


b) Gi x l cao ca im M khi thanh v tr thng ng.
p dng cng thc tnh vn tc ca vt ri t do t cao x, ta c vn tc ca im M khi chm t:

M
v
= gx 2 (*).
p dng nh lut bo ton nng lng
x
l
g
V
x
V ml
mgl
I mgl
M
M
.
3
. 3
.
2 2
2
2 2 2


(**)
Theo iu kin ca u bi ta c biu thc (*) bng (**):
gx
l
g
x 2
3
. x =
l
3
2
= 10/3 =3,33m.
Bi 66 . Mt si dy khng dn vt qua rng rc, mt u buc vt c khi lng m
1
= 300g, u kia c
ci vng khi lng m
2
= 200g trt c ma st trn dy. Gia tc ca vt m
2
i vi dy l a
/
= 0,5m/s
2
.
B qua khi lng ca dy, xem dy khng trt trn rng rc. Hy xc nh
a. Gia tc ca vt m
1
b. Lc ma st gia vng v dy.
m

x


F

0
a

qt
F

mS
F

Bi gii :
- Phn tch lc
nh hnh v.
Chiu chuyn
ng nh hnh v
- Phng trnh
chuyn ng ca
h :
) (
1 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
a a m a m F P
a m T P
ms




+ +
+
- Chiu ln phng chuyn ng ta c :
) 2 ( ) (
) 1 (
1 2 2
1 1 1 1
a a m F P
a m T P
ms


v lc ma st ng vai tr ko cng dy nn: F
ms
=T
1
Thay vo phng trnh trn ta c :
) (
1 2 1 2
1 1 1 1
a a m T P
a m T P


tr v vi v ta c:
( )
( )
1 1
2 1
2 2 1
1
.
a g m
m m
a m g m m
a

+
+

1
T T v
Bi 67 . Mt si dy khng dn khi lng khng ng k c cun trn hnh tr c c khi lng m
(kg). Mt u dy c gn vo trn thang my, thang my chuyn ng thng ng ln trn (xung
di) vi

gia tc a
0
(m/s
2
). Tnh :
a. Gia tc ca khi tm hnh tr i vi thang my v i vi mt t
b. Lc cng ca dy .
* Thang my chuyn ng i ln:
- Gia tc khi tm ca hnh tr i vi thang my :
Chiu ln phng chuyn ng ta c:

2
.
2
.
. .
2
2
2
a m
r
a mr
r
a I
T
r
a
I I rT
a m T F P
qt

( )
( )
0
0 0
3
2
2
3
.
2
a g a
m a a g m a m
a m
ma mg
+
+

+
- Gia tc khi tm ca hnh tr i vi mt t:

) 2 (
3
1
) (
3
2
0 0 0 0
a g a a g a a a +
- Lc cng ca dy:
3
) (
) (
3
2
2 2
0
0
a g m
a g
m
a
m
T
+
+
* Thang my chuyn ng i xung :
- Gia tc khi tm ca hnh tr i vi thang my :
Chiu ln phng chuyn ng ta c:
m
0
a

qt
F

0
a

qt
F

0
a

m
1
m
2
m
1
P

2
P

1
T

ms
F

0
R
PP
PP
P

2
.
2
.
. .
2
2
2
a m
r
a mr
r
a I
T
r
a
I I rT
a m T F P
qt

Thay vo trn ta c :
( )
( )
0
0 0
3
2
2
3
.
2
a g a
m a a g m a m
a m
ma mg

- Gia tc khi tm ca hnh tr i vi mt t:

) 2 (
3
1
) (
3
2
0 0 0 0
a g a a g a a a + + +
- Lc cng ca dy:
3
) (
) (
3
2
2 2
0
0
a g m
a g
m
a
m
T


Bi 68. Mt khu pho khi lng M = 450kg nh n theo phng nm ngang. n pho c khi lng
m = 5kg, vn tc u nng v = 450m/s. Khi bn, b pho git v pha sau mt on s = 45cm. Tm lc
hm trung bnh tc dng ln pho.
Bi gii:
Gi V l vn tc git li ca khu pho. Da vo nh lut bo ton ng lng p dng cho
phng ngang ta c:
0 v m V M +

. .
v
M
m
V

.
Lc hm khu pho sinh cng lm gim ng nng ca khu pho:

2
V M
2
1
S F . .
hm
T :
( ) N 12500
450 45 0 2
450 5
M s 2
v m
S 2
V M
F
2 2
2 2 2


. , .
.
. .
.
.
.
hm

Bi 69 . Mt chic thuyn di l =4m, khi lng m = 100kg nm yn trn mt nc. Hai ngi c khi
lng m
1
= 60kg , m
2
= 40kg ng hai u thuyn . Hi thuyn dch chuyn mt on bng bao nhiu
so vi mt nc khi :
a. Khi ngi c khi lng m
1
n v tr ngi c khi lng m
2
b. Hai ngi cng i n gia thuyn vi cng vn tc.
p dng nh lut bo ton ng lng theo phng ngang . Gi V
1
vn tc ca ngi 1 i vi thuyn,
V
2
l
vn
tc
ca
ngi 2 i vi thuyn , V l vn tc ca thuyn i vi nc.
- Khi ngi cha chuyn ng h ng yn K
1
= 0
- Khi ngi chuyn ng :
a. Ngi th nht n v tr ca ngi th 2:

( ) ( ) V m m V V m K .
2 1 1 2
+ +
m
M
V
v
l
x
1
m
2
m
0
R
PP
PP
P
Bo ton ng lng:
( )
1 1 2 1
2 1 1 1
.
0 ). (
V m V m m m
V m m V m V m
+ +
+ +
V thi gian chuyn ng ca ngi v thuyn bng nhau nn :
( )


m
m m m
l m
s t V m t V m m m
l
S
2 , 1
100 40 60
4 . 60
. . .
2 1
1
1 1 2 1

+ +

+ +
+ +
b. C hai ngi cng ra gia thuyn
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2
V m V m V m m m mV V V m V V m K + + + + + +
Ba o ton ng lng
( )
m m m
V m V m
V V m V m V m m m K K
+ +

+ + +
2 1
2 2 1 1
1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1
0
V thi gian chuyn ng ca thuyn v ngi bng nhau nn :

( )
m
m m m
l m m
S
m m m
t V m t V m
t V
l l
S
2 , 0
200 . 2
4 ). 40 60 (
. 2
). (
. .
.
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 /
2 2
2 /
1 1

+ +

+ +

Bi 70 : Mt thanh c khi lng m

1
= 1kg, chiu di l = 1,5m c th quay t do xung quanh mt trc
nm ngang i qua u mt ca thanh . Mt vin n c khi lng m
2
= 0,1kg , bay theo phng nm
ngang vi vn tc V = 400m/s ti xuyn vo u kia ca thanh v mc vo thanh. Tm vn tc gc ca
thanh ngay sau khi vin n cm vo thanh
Bi gii:
Ti v tr thp nht mmen trng lc i vi trc quay bng 0 nn mmen ng lng bo ton
A A
d
d
l m
l m L
V l m
l
V
l m l m L

.
3
.
2
1 2
2 2
2
2
2 1
2
2 1
+

mmen ng lng bo ton L
1
=L
2
s rad
l m m
V m
V l m l
m m
d
A d A
/
5 , 1 ). 1 1 , 0 . 3 (
400 . 1 , 0 . 3
). 3 (
3
.
3
3
1 2
2
2
2 1 2
+

+

+

Bi 71 . Mt a trn ng cht bn knh R , khi lng m c th quay xung quanh trc
nm ngang vung gc vi a v cch tm a mt on R/2 . a bt u quay t v tr
ng vi v tr cao nht ca tm a vi vn tc ban u bng 0. Hy xc nh m men
ng lng ca a i vi trc quay khi a i qua v tr thp nht .
Bi gii:
Mmen qun tnh ca a i vi trc quay l:

2
m
1
m
l
A
0
0
R

1
m
2
m
R rr
PP
PP
P
0

4
3
2 2
1
2
2
2
mR R
m mR I

,
_

+
p dng nh lut bo ton nng lng:
( )
I
L
I
I
I mgR
2 2 2
1
2 2
2

gR mR
gR m
mgRI L
2
3
4
6
2
3 2

Bi 72. Mt con lc n trng lng P c treo bi si dy khng dn khi lng khng ng k, ko
con lc ra khi phng thng ng mt gc = 90
0
, sau con lc c th ri t do. Xc nh sc
cng ca dy treo khi con lc i qua v tr cn bng.
Bi gii:
Khi qua v tr cn bng, hp lc gia sc cng ca dy v trng lc ca con lc to ra lc hng tm ca
chuyn ng ny.
l
mv
a m P T
2
ht
.

mg
l
mv
T
2
+
p dng nh lut bo ton c nng ta c:
mgl mv mgl mv 2
2
1
2 2

T suy ra sc cng T:
P 3 mg 3 mg
l
mgl 2
T +
Bi 73 . Cho mt h c hc nh hnh v : Cho m
1
= 1 kg , m
2
= 3 kg . Rng rc hai nc c
mmen qun tnh i vi trc quay i qua tm l I = 8.10
4
kgm
2
, bn knh b r = 20cm , bn knh
ln R =40cm. Cho dy khng dn khi lng khng ng k . Hy xc nh gia tc gc ca h
v sc cng ca cc
on dy .

Bi 74 . Hai bnh c th tch bng nhau cha cng mt cht kh. Nhit v p sut trong
mi bnh l t
1
=27
0
C , p
1
= 2,1.10
5
N/m
2
, t
2
= 47
0
C , p
2
= 3,2.10
5
N/m
2
. M kho K sau khi cn
bng nhit khi kh t = 35
0
C . Xc nh p sut v khi lng ring ca khi kh nhit .
Cho = 2kg/kmol
Bi gii:
Phng tr nh trng thi ca tng b nh :
) (
2
. 2
.
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1 2 1
2
2
2 2
2
2
1
1
1 1
1
1
m
N
T
P
T
P T
P
VT
T
P
T
P
RT
m m
V P
RT
V P
m RT
m
V P
RT
V P
m RT
m
V P

,
_

,
_

+
+

Bi 75 : Mt bm ht kh c th tch V= 100cm
3
, dng ht kh trong bnh c th tch V = 1,5.10
-3
m
3
t p sut
P
0
= 10
5
N/m
2
n p sut P = 10
2
N/m
2
. Hi phi ht bao nhiu ln? (Coi qu trnh bm thc hin
chm c th coi l qu trnh ng nhit).
Gii :
Qu tr nh ng nhit
?
ln
ln
ln . ln
) (
) (
) (
0
0
0 1
2
0 2 2 1
0 1 1 0

+

+

,
_

+
+

,
_

+
+
+
+

V V
V
P
P
n
V V
V
n
P
P
V V
V
P P P V V P V P
V V
V
P P V V P V P
V V
V
P P V V P V P
n
n n n
Bi 76 : Mt cht lng nguyn t ( a
nguyn t, n nguyn t) th tch V
1
= 0,5 lt, p sut P
1
= 0,5 t. Nn on
nhit n p sut P
2
, th tch V
2
. Sau
gi nguyn th tch V
2
lm lnh n
nhit ban u. Khi p sut P
3
= 1
t.
a. V th ca qu trnh
trn gin OPV
b. Tm th tch V
2
, p sut P
2
?
c. Tnh cng m khi kh nhn
vo trong qu trnh trn?
d. Tnh nhit m khi kh ta ra
trong qu trnh trn?
e. bin thin entropi ca qu trnh trn, Cho T
1
=300K
Bi gii:
b- Qu trnh 1-3 ng nhit :
Qu trnh 1-2 on nhit:
at
V
V
P P V P V P 32 , 1
25 , 0
5 , 0
. 5 , 0 .
5
7
2
1
1 2 2 2 1 1

,
_

,
_

c. Tnh cng m khi kh nhn vo trong cc qu trnh trn .
J
V P V P
A 62 , 19
1
5
7
10 . 10 . 81 , 9 ). 5 , 0 . 5 , 0 25 , 0 . 32 , 1 (
1
3 4
1 1 2 2

d. Tnh nhit m khi kh ta ra trong cc qu trnh trn?

Trng thi 1v trng thi 3 cng nhit nn bin thin ni nng ca qu trnh bng 0, theo nguyn l
I :
J A Q A Q Q A U 62 , 19 0 +
Hay tnh theo cch khc: Trong qu tr nh on nhit Q=0 nn nhit ca khi kh ta ra trong cc qu trnh
trn bng nhit m khi kh ta ra trong qu tr nh ng tch
lit
P
P
V V V P V P 25 , 0
1
5 , 0
5 , 0
3
1
1 2 2 3 1 1

0
V
P
1
2
3
V
1
V
2
P
2
P
1
P
3
1
2
3
P
1
P
2
P
3
P
0
V
V
1
V
2
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) J V P V P
i
Q
T T RT
m
V P RT
m
V P
T T
R i m
T T C
m
Q
V
62 , 19 10 . 10 . 81 , 9 . 5 , 0 . 5 , 0 25 , 0 . 32 , 1
2
5
2
2 .
. .
3 4
1 1 2 2
1 3 2 2 1 1 1 1
3 2 3 2

+ + +

e. entropi: V entropi l hm trng thi nn bin thin entropi khng ph thuc vo qu trnh bin i
m n ph thuc vo trng thi u v trng thi cui
Hay s dng qu tr nh ng nhit:
) / ( ln
1
2
K J
V
V
R
m
S

Bi 77 : Mt khi kh dn n on nhit sao cho p sut ca n gim t P
1
= 2t n P
2
= 1t, V
2
=2lt, sau h nng ng tch n nhit ban u
th p sut l P
3
= 1,22t.
a. V th v xc nh t s C
p
/C
v
.
b. Nhit m khi kh nhn vo trong cc qu trnh trn?
c. bin thin entropi ca qu trnh trn, cho T
2
=
a. Qu tr nh on nhit 1-2:

,
_

1
2
2
1
2 2
1
1
V
V
P
P
V P V P
Ly loga 2 v :
4 , 1
6393 , 1 ln
2 ln
ln
ln
:
ln
ln
ln . ln
3
1
2
1
3
1
1
2
2 3 1 1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1


P
P
P
P
P
P
V
V
V P V P
V
V
P
P
V
V
P
P

m
b. Qu tr nh on nhit Q = 0 nn nhit m khi kh nhn c trong cc qu trnh trn bng nhit m
khi kh nhn c trong qu tr nh ng tch
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) J V P V P
i
Q
V P
mR
T RT
m
V P
V P
mR
T V P
mR
T RT
m
V P
T T
R i m
T T C
m
Q
V
75 , 64 10 . 10 . 81 , 9 . 2 . 1 2 . 22 , 1
2
3
2
2 .
. .
3 4
2 2 2 3
2 2 2 2 2 1
2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 2 3

C. V entropi l hm trng thi nn bin thin entropi khng ph thuc vo qu trnh bin i m n
ph thuc vo trng thi u v trng thi cui nn da vo qu trnh ng nhit 1-3 ta c
K J
P
P
T
V P
P
P
R
m
V
V
R
m
S / ln ln ln
3
1
2
2 2
3
1
1
2


Bi 78 : Cho 3kmol kh l tng n nguyn t thc hin mt chu trnh AB, CD ng nhit BC, DA
ng tch , T
1
= 1,5T
2
= 450K ; V
2
= 2V
1
.
.
a. Chng minh rng t s P
A
/P
B
= P
D
/P
C
1
2
3
P
1
P
2
P
3
P
0
V
V
1
V
2

b. Tnh cng sinh ra, nhit m khi kh thc s nhn vo trong chu trnh
c. Tnh hiu sut ca chu trnh.
Bi gii:
a.
C
D
C D
B
A
B A
P
P
V
V
V P V P
P
P
V
V
V P V P


1
2
2 1
1
2
2 1

C
D
B
A
P
P
P
P

b. Cng sinh ra, nhit thc s nhn vo trong chu trnh:
J
V
V
RT
m
V
V
RT
m
V
V
RT
m
A A A
CD AB
5 3
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
10 . 92 , 25
5 , 1
5 , 0
. 2 ln . 450 . 10 . 31 , 8 . 3
5 , 1
1
1 ln ln ln


,
_

+ +

( )
J
i i
RT
m
T T
R i m
V
V
RT
m
Q Q Q
DA AB
5 3
1 2 1
1
2
1
10 . 85 , 133 1
2
3
2 ln . 450 . 10 . 31 , 8 . 3
5 , 1 . 2 2
2 ln
2
.
ln

,
_

+

,
_

+ + +

c. Hiu sut ca chu tr nh:
% 4 , 19
85 , 133
92 , 25

Q
A

Bi 79 : 3kmol kh O
2
thc hin mt chu trnh CcN thun nghch gia ngun nng T
1
= 600K v
ngun lnh
T
2
= 300K. Bit t s P
1
/P
3
= 20 trong chu trnh . Tnh :
a. Hiu sut chu trnh.
b. Nhit nhn vo ca ngun nng
c. Nhit to ra cho ngun lnh
d. Cng sinh ra trong mt chu trnh
a. Hiu sut chu trnh.
% 50 1
1
2

T
T

b. Nhit nhn vo ca ngun nng

2
1
1 1
ln
P
P
RT
m
Q

(*) T phng tr nh trng thi ca qu trnh 2-3

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) J
P
P
RT
m
Q
P
T
T
P P P T P T
5 5 , 3 3 5 , 3
3
1
1 1
5 , 3
3
1
1
2
3 2 3
1
2 2
1
1
10 . 22 , 85 5 , 0 . 20 ln 600 . 10 . 31 , 8 . 3 5 , 0 . ln
5 , 0 . .

1
]
1

,
_

c. Nhit to ra cho ngun lnh

( ) J Q Q Q A Q Q
5
1 1 2 1 2
10 . 69 , 16 . 5 , 0 1

1
.Q A m
d. Cng sinh ra trong mt chu trnh
J Q A
5
1
10 . 69 , 16 .
Bi 80 : cho 2kmol kh n nguyn t thc hin mt chu trnh thun nghch gm
3 qu trnh dn ng nhit , nn ng p, h nng ng tch vi nhit
T
max
= 400K. Bit t s V
max
/V
min
= 2 .
A
C
B
T
1
T
2
P
0
V
V
1
V
2
D
T
max
V
0
0
P
V
max
V
min
T
1
T
2
1
2
3
4
P
V
0
V
1
V
4
V
2
V
3
P
1
P
3
P
2
P
4
P 1 3
2
0
V
V
1
P
2
V
2
P
1
a. Hy v th .
b. Tnh cng sinh ra, nhit nhn vo v hiu sut ca chu trnh.
J
RT
m
V
V
V
V
RT
m
V
V
RT
m
A
V
RT m
P RT
m
V P
V V P
V
V
RT
m
A

,
_

,
_

,
_

+

+
1
2
1
2 ln . 400 . 10 . 31 , 8 . 2
1
2
1
2 ln ln
) ( ln
3
max
max
max
max
min
max
min
max
max
max
max
2 max max 2
max min 2
min
max
max

Nhit nhn vo: Trong mt chu tr nh bin thin ni nng

A A Q Q A U + 0
Hiu sut l thuyt:
% 50 5 , 0 1 5 , 0 . ; 1
max
max
min
max min
max
max
min
min
max
min
T
V
V
T T
T
V
T
V
T
T
c. So snh hiu sut thc t v hiu sut l thuyt chy theo chu trnh CacN thun nghch vi
ngun nng v ngun lnh k trn
Nhit m khi kh thc s nhn vo trong mt chu trnh:
( )
3 max
min
max
max 31 12
2
ln T T
iR m
V
V
RT
m
Q Q Q + +

p dng qu tr nh ng p:
K
V
V
T T
T
V
T
V
200
2
1
. 400
max
min
max 3
max
max
3
min

J
V
V i i
RT
m
Q
5 3
max
min
max
10 . 94 , 95
2 . 2
3
2
3
2 ln . 400 . 10 . 31 , 8 . 2
. 2
.
2
2 ln

,
_

,
_

% 4 , 13
94 , 95
84 , 12
31 12

+

Q Q
A
TT

Suy ra :
LT TT

50
4 , 13

Bi 81 : Mt khi kh ban u c th tch V

1
= 0,39 m
3
v p sut P
1
=1,55.10
5
N/m
2
, c dn ng nhit
sao cho th tch tng 10 ln. Sau kh c t nng ng tch trng thi cui
p sut ca khi kh bng p sut ban u. Bit trong ton b qu trnh ny, nhit
lng phi truyn cho khi kh l 1,5.10
6
J.
a. V qu trnh trn th OPV.
b. Xc nh t s Potxng .
c. Tnh bin thin ni nng, cng do khi kh sinh ra trong qu trnh trn.
d. Tnh bin thin entropi trong qu trnh trn.
b. Xc nh t s Potxng .
Bi gii:
( )
4 , 1
5
7 2
5
10 . 55 , 1 . 39 , 0 . 9
10 . 61 , 13 . 2
10 . 61 , 13
2
. 9
10 . 61 , 13 10 ln 10 . 55 , 1 . 39 , 0 10 . 5 , 1 10 ln 10 . 5 , 1 . 10
2
) (
2
10 . 5 , 1
2
ln
5
5
5
1 1
5 5 6
1 1
6
1 1 1 1 1 3
6
1
2
1 23 12

+


+ +
i
i
i
i
V P
J V P V P V P
i
T T
iR m
J T
iR m
V
V
RT
m
Q Q Q

c. Tnh bin thin ni nng, cng do khi kh sinh ra trong qu trnh trn.
T
max
V
0
P
V
max
V
min
1
2
3
J
V P Q
V
V
RT
m
Q A U
5 6 5
6
1 1
2
1
1
10 . 61 , 13 10 . 5 , 1
10
1
ln 10 . 55 , 1 . 39 , 0
10 . 5 , 1
10
1
ln ln
+
+ + +

Hay: Ni nng l hm trng thi khng ph thuc vo qu trnh bin i m n ph thuc vo trng thi
u v trng thi cui nn:
J V P
i
T T
iR m
U
5
1 1 1 3
10 . 61 , 13 . 9 .
2
) (
2

J U Q A A
5 5 6
10 . 39 , 1 10 . 61 , 13 10 . 5 , 1
Bi 82 : Mt cht kh l tng trng thi ban u p sut P
0
, c dn ng nhit ti th tch V
2
=3V
1
.
Sau kh c nn on nhit tr v th tch ban u , p sut sau khi nn l P
3
= 3
1/3
P
0
. Hy
a. Tm p sut sau khi dn P
2
v xc nh kh l n nguyn t hay lng nguyn t, a nguyn t ?
b. ng nng trung bnh ca mt phn t kh trng thi cui so vi trng thi u thay i nh th
no
a. p sut P
2
v bc t do:
Qu trnh ng nhit 1-2:
3
. 3 .
0
2 1 2 2 2 1 0
P
P V P V P V P
Qu trnh on nhit 2-3:
6
2
3
4
3
1
1 3 3
. . 3 . 3 .
3
3
1
1
1 0
3
1
1 3 1
0
1 3 2 2

+

i
i
i
V P V P V
P
V P V P

b. ng nng trung bnh ca mt phn t kh trng thi cui so vi trng thi u thay i nh th
no ?.
1
3
1
3
2 T
T
W
W
KT
i
W
Da vo qu tr nh on nhit 2-3:
44 , 1
44 , 1 3
. 3 . 3
1
3
3
1
4
1
0
3
1
0
1
3
2
1
3
1
3 3
1
2 1

,
_

,
_

W
W
P
P
P
P
T
T
P T P T

Bi 83 : Mt cht kh l tng trng thi ban u p sut P

0
, c dn ng nhit ti th tch V
2
= 3V
1
v p sut P
2
. Sau kh c nn on nhit tr v th tch ban u , p sut sau khi nn l P
3
= 3
2/5
P
0
.
a. Hy xc nh kh l n nguyn t , lng nguyn t hay a nguyn t ?.
Qu trnh ng nhit 1-2:
3
. 3 .
0
2 1 2 2 2 1 0
P
P V P V P V P
Qu trnh don nhit 2-3:
5
2
5
7
5
2
1 3 3
. . 3 . 3 .
3
5
2
1
1 0
5
2
1 3 1
0
1 3 2 2

+

i
i
i
V P V P V
P
V P V P

Cht lng nguyn t
b. ng nng trung bnh ca mt phn t kh trng thi cui so vi trng thi u thay i nh th
no ?.
1
3
1
3
2
3
T
T
W
W
KT W
Da vo qu tr nh on nhit 2-3:
55 , 1
55 , 1 3
. 3 . 3
1
3
5
2
7
2
0
5
2
0
1
3
2
1
3
1
3 3
1
2 1

,
_

,
_

W
W
P
P
P
P
T
T
P T P T

Bi 84 : Mt cht kh l tng trng thi ban u p sut P

0
, c dn ng nhit ti th tch V
2
= 3V
1
v p sut P
2
. Sau kh c nn on nhit tr v th tch ban u , p sut sau khi nn l P
3
= 3
2/3
P
0
.
a. Hy xc nh kh l n nguyn t hay lng nguyn t, a nguyn t ?.
Qu trnh ng nhit 1-2:
3
. 3 .
0
2 1 2 2 2 1 0
P
P V P V P V P
Qu trnh on nhit 2-3:
3
2
3
5
3
2
1 3 3
. . 3 . 3 .
3
3
2
1
1 0
3
2
1 3 1
0
1 3 2 2

+

i
i
i
V P V P V
P
V P V P

Cht n nguyn t
b. ng nng trung bnh ca mt phn t kh trng thi cui so vi trng thi u thay i nh th
no ?.
1
3
1
3
2
3
T
T
W
W
KT W
Da vo qu trnh on nhit 2-3:
08 , 2
08 , 2 3
. 3 . 3
1
3
3
2
5
2
0
3
2
0
1
3
2
1
3
1
3 3
1
2 1

,
_

,
_

W
W
P
P
P
P
T
T
P T P T

Bi 85 : Mt kmol kh l tng thc hin mt chu trnh P

0
A B
thun nghch nh h.v. BC,DA on nhit ; AB, CD ng p .
Vi th tch V
A
= V
0
, V
B
= 2V
0
, V
C
= 16V
0
, V
D
= 8V
0
;
P
A
= P
0
, P
D
= P
0
/32 .
a. Cht kh l n nguyn t , a nguyn t ,
hay lng nguyn t ? D C
b. Hiu sut ca ng c chy theo chu trnh trn.
0 V
0
2V
0
8V
0

Bi 86 : Hai khi ng, khi lng mi khi l 850g, t tip sc nhit vi nhau trong hp cch nhit.
Nhit ban u ca hai khi l 325K v 285K . Nhit dung ring ca ng l c =0,386 J/gK
a. Nhit cn bng cui cng ca hai khi ng l bao nhiu ?
b. bin thin entropi ca hai khi ng l bao nhiu ?
Bi 87 : Mt khi 0,1kg nc nhit 240K, c bin thnh hi nc nhit 373K . Tnh
bin thin entropi trong qu tr nh bin i trn nu cho rng nhit dung ca nc v nc khng ph
thuc vo nhit . p sut trong qu trnh bin i l p sut kh quyn . Nhit dung ring ca nc
l 1,8.10
3
J/kg ; ca nc l 4,18.10
3
J/kg ; nhit nng chy ring ca nc l3,35.10
5
J/kg ; nhit
ho hi ring ca nc l 2,26.10
6
J/kg .
Bi 88 : Cho 3kmol kh l tng n nguyn t thc hin mt chu trnh AB, CD ng nhit BC, DA
ng tch, T
1
= 1,5T
2
= 450 (K); V
2
= 2V
1
.
.
Tnh cng m khi kh sinh ra, nhit m khi kh thc s nhn
vo trong chu trnh trn. Tnh hiu sut thc t ca chu trnh.

a. Cng sinh ra, nhit thc s nhn vo trong chu trnh:
J
V
V
RT
m
V
V
RT
m
V
V
RT
m
A A A
CD AB
5 3
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
10 . 92 , 25
5 , 1
5 , 0
. 2 ln . 450 . 10 . 31 , 8 . 3
5 , 1
1
1 ln ln ln


,
_

+ +

( )
J
i i
RT
m
T T
R i m
V
V
RT
m
Q Q Q
DA AB
5 3
1 2 1
1
2
1
10 . 85 , 133 1
2
3
2 ln . 450 . 10 . 31 , 8 . 3
5 , 1 . 2 2
2 ln
2
.
ln

,
_

+

,
_

+ + +

b. Hiu sut ca chu trnh:
% 4 , 19
85 , 133
92 , 25

Q
A

TNH ENTRPI
Bi 89 . Tnh bin thin entrpi khi h nng ng p 6,5 gam Hyr n th tch kh tng ln gp i.
K J
V
V
R
i m
V
V
C
m
S
p
/ 52 , 65 2 ln 10 . 31 , 8
2
2 5
.
2
10 . 5 , 6
ln
2
2
ln
3
3
1
2
1
2

Bi 90 .Tnh bin thin entrpi khi dn n ng nhit 10,5 gam kh Nit t th tch 2 lt n th tch 5
lt
K J
V
V
R
m
S / 86 , 2
2
5
ln 10 . 31 , 8 .
28
10 . 5 , 10
ln
3
3
1
2

Bi 91 . Mt kilmol kh a nguyn t c h nng ng tch, nhit tuyt i ca n c tng ln

1,5 ln. Tnh bin thin entrpi trong qu trnh .
K J
T
T iR m
T
T
C
m
S
V
/ 10 . 1 , 10 5 , 1 ln 10 . 31 , 8 . 3 . 1 ln
2
ln
3 3
1
2
1
2


Bi 92 . Tnh bin thin entrpi ca mt cht kh lng nguyn t khi h thay i t trng thi ban u
c th tch C t m N P l V
0
1
2 5
1 1
27 ; / 10 . 31 , 8 ; 3 sang trng thi hai c
2 5
2 2
/ 10 . 6 ; 5 , 4 m N P l V , theo hai
qu trnh dn ng p sau lm lnh ng tch.
K J
T
V P
P
P i
V
V i
R
m
P
P
C
m
V
V
C
m
S S S
v p
/ 03 , 5
31 , 8
6
ln
2
5
5 , 1 ln
2
7
.
300
10 . 31 , 8 . 10 . 3
31 , 8
6
ln
2
5
3
5 , 4
ln
2
7
ln
2
ln
2
2
ln ln
5 3
1
1 1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2 1

,
_

+
,
_

,
_

+
+
+ +

Bi 93 . Nn ng nhit mt khi kh xy t th tch
K T at P l V 350 ; 2 ; 4
1 1 1

n th tch
1 2
4
1
V V
,
sau lm lnh ng tch n p sut ban u. Hy tnh bin thin entrpi ca qu trnh bin i trn.
P 1 3
2
0
V
V
1
P
2
V
2
P
1
P 1 3
2
0
V
V
1
P
2
V
2
P
1
K J
T
V P
S
P P V P V P
P
P i
V
V
R
m
P
P
C
m
V
V
R
m
S S S
V
/ 88 , 10
4
1
ln .
2
7
.
350
10 . 81 , 9 . 2 . 10 . 4
2
5
1
4
1
ln
4
4
1
ln
2
ln ln ln
4 3
1
1 1
1 2 1 2 1 1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2 1

,
_

,
_

+ + +

Bi 94 . Dn ng nhit mt khi kh lng nguyn t t th tch
K T at P l V 350 ; 4 ; 2
1 1 1

n th tch
1 2
4V V
, sau h nng ng tch n p sut ban u. Hy tnh bin thin entrpi ca qu trnh
bin i trn.
K J
T
V P
S
P P V P V P
P
P i
V
V
R
m
P
P
C
m
V
V
R
m
S S S
V
/ 88 , 10 4 ln
2
5
4 ln .
350
10 . 81 , 9 . 4 . 10 . 2
4 ln
2
5
4 ln
4
1
4
ln
2
ln ln ln
4 3
1
1 1
1 2 1 2 1 1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2 1

,
_

,
_

,
_

+ + +

Hay tnh theo cch khc: entropi l hm trng thi nn bin thin entropi khng
ph thuc vo qu trnh bin i m ph thuc vo trng thi u v trng thi cui
K J
T
V P
V
V
R
i m
T
T
C
m
S
p
/ 88 , 10 4 ln
2
2 5
ln
2
2
ln
1
1 1
1
2
1
3

+


Bi 94 : Mt kmol kh lng nguyn t c h nng, nhit tuyt i ca n tng ln 1,5 ln. Tnh
bin thin entropi nu qu trnh h nng l :
a. ng tch .

K J
T
T iR m
T
T
C
m
S
V
/ 10 . 42 , 8 5 , 1 ln 10 . 31 , 8 .
2
5
. 1 ln
2
ln
3 3
1
2
1
2



.
K J
T
T
R
i m
T
T
C
m
S
p
/ 10 . 79 , 11 5 , 1 ln 10 . 31 , 8
2
2 5
. 1 ln
2
2
ln
3 3
1
2
1
2

+



Bi 95 : Mt khi kh lng nguyn t ban u c th tch V
1
= 0,39 m
3
v p sut
P
1
=1,55.10
5
N/m
2
nhit T
1
=300K , c dn ng nhit sao cho th tch tng 10
ln. Sau kh c t nng ng tch trng thi cui p sut ca khi kh
bng p sut ban u. Hy tnh bin thin entrpi ca qu trnh bin i trn.
V entropi l hm trng thi nn bin thin entropi khng ph thuc vo qu trnh bin i m n ph
thuc vo trng thi u v trng thi cui
K J
T
V P
V
V
R
i m
T
T
C
m
S
p
/ 10 . 6 , 1 10 ln
2
2 5
ln
2
2
ln
3
1
1 1
1
2
1
3

+


CNG IN TRNG
1
E

2
E

cos 2 E th
1 M
2 1
2 1
E
E E m
E E E
M

+

M
E

M
E

cos 2
cos 2
2 1
2
2
2
1
2 1
2
2
2
1
2 1
2 1
E E E E Hay
E E E E E Th
E E m
E E E
M
M
+ +
+

+

2
E

1
E

M
M
BI 96 : Cho hai
in tch im q
1
= 4.10
-8
C v q
2
=
4.10
-8
C (hai in
tch tri du). t
ti hai nh A v
B ca tam gic
u ABC cnh a =
20cm trong khng
kh. Hy xc nh :
a. Vct cng in trng v in th do hai in tch gy ra ti nh C.
Theo nguyn ly chng cht
( )
) / ( 10 . 99 , 12 3 .
6 , 0
10 . 3
10 . 9 3
.
.
3 30 cos 2
.
.
2
2
8
9
2
1
0
1
2 2 1 2 1
m V
a
q
k E
E E E
a
q
k E E E E E
C
C
C


+

m

V
b
q
b
q k
V V V 900 ) 2 1 (
2 , 1
10 . 4 . 10 . 9
)
2
(
8 9
2 1
+ + +

b. Nu ti C ta t in tch q
o
= 2.10
-7
C tnh lc in trng tc dng ln q
0
.
Lc in trng
do h hai in
tch tc dng ln
in tch q
0.
( )
N
a
q q
F F F F F
a
q q
F F
7
2
16 9
0
2
0 9 0
1 2 1
2
0 9
2 1
10 . 81 , 259
2
3
.
6 . 0
10 . 2 . 3 . 10 . 9 . 2
30 cos .
.
.
. 10 . 9 . 2 30 cos 2
.
.
10 . 9

c. Tnh cng ca lc in trng khi q
0
dch chuyn t C ti H
Cng ca lc in trng khi dch chuyn in tch q
0
t C ti H:
) (
0 H C
V V q A
A B
C
a
q
q
H
F

1
F

2
F

A B
C
a
q q
2
E

1
E

h
Q, l
M
1
E d

2
E d

E d

dq
r
max

( )
( )
( )
( )
) ( 10 . 72 ) 2400 600 .( 10 . 4
2400
6 , 0
10 . 4 4 . 10 . 9 . 2
.
. 2
600
2 , 1
10 . 4 4
10 . 9
.
6 8
8 9
2 1
8
9
2 1 2 1
J A
V q q
a
k
V
V q q
b
k
V V V
H
C

+
+

+
+ +

d. Hy xc nh trn ng thng AB mt im m ti vc t cng in trng tng hp bng

khng.
BI 97. Mt thanh mng AB c chiu dy l = 50cm, tch in tch Q = 4.10
-6
C
phn b u, t trong chn khng. Hy xc nh: Vct cng in trng v
in th do thanh gy ra ti im M nm trn ng trung trc ca thanh v cch
thanh mt khong h = 60cm. v im N nm trn ng ko di ca thanh v cch
u mt gn nht ca thanh mt khong R = 40cm.
* Tnh cng in trng ti M:
2 2 2 1
.
r
dx
l
Q
k dE d E d E d E d +
1
dE ln do

d h dx tg h x
h
x
tg
h
r
r
h
r
dx
l
Q
k dE dE
2
2 1
cos
1
.
cos
cos
. cos
. . 2 cos 2



) / ( 10 . 87 , 94
6 , 0 2 , 0
1
6 , 0
10 . 4
. 10 . 9
2
.
.
4
2
.
. . 2 sin
.
. 2
.
. cos
. . 2
3
2 2
6
9
2
2
0 2
2
max
max
m V
h
l
h
Q
k
h
l
l
h l
Q
k
h l
Q
k
h l
d Q
k dE E
M

,
_

thanh 1/2
* Tnh cng in trng ti N:
Chia nh thanh ra thnh nhng phn t c chiu di dx mang in tch dq, cch im M mt khong x,
gy ra ti M vc t cng in trng dE
2
0
2
0
. 4 .
.
. 4 x l
dx Q
x
dq
dE

vt Ton
E d E
M

+ Phng chiu: Do cc in tch im dq trn ton thanh gy ra ti M cc vect cng
in trng c cng phng chiu nn E d o E
M

ngchiu cngph

h
M
R N
l,Q
Q
Q, l r

N dx
dq
x
dE










0

Q
R
0
1
E d

E d

+ ln:
) / ( 10 . 90
6 , 0 4 , 0
1
4 , 0
1
6 . 0
10 . 4
10 . 9
1 1
10 . 9
3
6
9
2
9
m V
l r r l
Q
k
x
dx
l
Q
E
l r
r
M

,
_

,
_

+

+

* Tnh in th ti N:
Chia nh thanh ra thnh nhng phn t c chiu di dx mang in tch dq, cch im M mt khong x,
gy ra ti M mt in th dV
r
l r
l
Q
k
x
dx
l
Q
k V
x
dx
l
Q
k
x
dq
dV
l r
r
+

+
ln
. .
.
.
.

) ( 10 . 90
4 , 0
1
ln
6 , 0
10 . 6
10 . 9
3
6
9
V V

b. Mt nng lng in trng do thanh gy ra ti im M v N
c. Nu ti M, N ta t mt in tch q = 2.10
-7
C tnh lc in trng tc dng ln in tch q.
Cu 99 . Cho mt phn t vng dy trn (3/4 vng trn, mt na vng trn, 1/3 vng trn) bn knh R =
80cm, tch in tch Q = 6.10
-7
C phn b u, t trong khng kh. Hy xc nh
a. Vc t cng in trng do in tch gy ra ti tm 0 ca vng dy.
b. in th do in tch gy ra ti tm 0 ca vng dy.
c. Mt nng lng in trng ti tm 0 ca vng dy.
d. Ti 0 t mt in tch q
0
= - 2.10
-8
C tnh lc in trng tc dng ln in tch q
0.
* vng trn
Do c tnh cht i xng ta ly 2 phn t i xng c chiu di dl mang in tch
R
d R Q
dl
R
Q
dq

. . . 2
.
4
2

gy ra ti 0 vc t cng in trng
2
0
2 2
0
2 1
. 4
. . 2
. 4 R
d Q
R
dq
dE dE

Theo
nguyn
l chng
cht in
trng:
cos 2
1 2 1
dE dE E d E d E d +

vt Ton
E d E

0
+ Phng chiu: Do tng cp in tch im dq i xng gy ra ti 0 cc vct cng
in trng c cng phng chiu nn E d o E

ngchiu cngph
0

+ ln:
) / ( 68 , 506 0
2
2
8 . 0 . 14 , 3
10 . 4 . 2
10 . 9 . 2 ) 0 sin
4
(sin
. 2
10 . 9 . 2 . cos
. 2
10 . 9 . 2
2
8
9
2
9
4
0
2
9
0
m V
R
Q
d
R
Q
E

,
_

* in th:
R
Q
k dl
R
Q
k dV V
R
dl Q
k
R
dq
k dV dl
R
Q
dq
R
. .
. 2
.
.
. . 2
.
.
.
4
2
4
2
0
2 2

vt ton

- Tnh in th 1/3 vng trn :










0
Q R

Q R
0
0
Q
R

Q
R
0
0
1 2 0
A B
C
a
2a
q 5q
A B
C
a
1
q
2
q
H
R
Q
k dl
R
Q
k dV V
R
dl Q
k
R
dq
k dV dl
R
Q
dq
R
. 2 .
. 3
.
2 .
. . 3
.
.
.
3
2
3
2
0
2 2

vt ton
) ( 10 . 9
6 , 0
10 . 6
. 10 . 9
2
8
9
V V

Cu 100. Ti hai nh A,B ca tam gic vung ABC c cnh a = 60cm, b = 2a trong khng
kh , ta t cc in tch im c cng ln
C q
8
10 . 3

. Hy xc nh
a. Cng in trng do h in tch gy ra ti C
b. Mt nng lng in trng ti im C.
c. in th do h in tch gy ra ti C.
d. Ti C t mt in tch q
0
= - 2.10
-8
C tnh lc in trng tc dng ln in tch q
0.
Cu 101 . Ti hai nh A,B ca tam gic u ABC c cnh a = 80cm trong khng kh , ta
t hai in tch c cng ln
C q q q
8
1 2 1
10 . 4 ; . 2


.
a. Cng in trng do h in tch gy ra ti C
b. Mt nng lng in trng ti im C.
c. in th do h in tch gy ra ti C.
d. Ti C t mt in tch q
0
= - 3.10
-8
(C) tnh lc in trng tc dng ln
in tch q
0
e. Hy xc nh cng ca lc in trng khi dch chuyn in tch q
0
= - 3.10
-8
(C) t im C ti im H
Bi 102 : Cho hai qu cu dn in ng tm c bn knh R
1
= 20cm, R
2
= 40cm, tch in u vi in
tch tng ng l q
1
= 9.10
-9
C, q
2
= -3.10
-9
C, t trong khng kh. Xc nh in trng v in th ti
cc im M, N, P.
Cho OM =10cm, ON = 30cm, OP = 50cm.
Bi 103 . Cho mt dy dn mnh di 314cm, c un thnh vng trn tm 0, mang in
tch Q = 4.10
-6
C phn b u , t trong khng kh.
a. Hy xc nh cng in trng ti im M nm trn trc ca vng dy v cch tm
vng dy mt khong h= 60cm.
b. Mt nng lng in trng ti M.
c. in th ti M.
a. Cng in trng:
Do c tnh cht i xng ta ly 2 phn t i xng c chiu di dl mang in tch
dl
l
Q
dq .
, gy ra ti
vc t cng in trng
2 1
E d E d E d

+
Do tnh cht i xng nn
cos 0
1 2
dE dE dE

vt Ton
1
E d E
M

+ Phng chiu: Do cc in tch im dq gy ra ti M cc vct cng in trng
c cng phng chiu nn
1
E d o E
M

ngchiu cngph
+ ln:
( ) ( )
) / ( 10 . 34 , 45
5 , 0 6 , 0
6 , 0 . 10 . 4
10 . 9
.
. . .
.
10 . 9
3
2 / 3
2 2
6
9
2 / 3
2 2
2
0
2
9
m V
R h l
l h Q k
dl
r
h
r l
Q
E
R
M

+

b. Mt nng lng in trng:
( ) ( )
) / ( 10 . 77 , 40
4 , 0 6 , 0 . 14 , 3 . 8
10 . 16 . 10 . 9
4 . 2 2
1
3 3
3
2 2
12 9
3
2 2
2 2
2
0
m J
R h
h Q k
E w
M e

0
h
Q
M
R
E d

1
E d

2
E d
r
dl

M
h
R
0 Q






0
N M P

2
R
I
1
I
2
R r

I
0
I
R
2R

a
I
1
I
2
I
3
a

M
c. in th ti M. Chia vng dy ra thnh nhng phn t c chiu di dl mang in tch dq
m R m R
h R
Q
k dl
h R l
Q
k dV V
r l
dl Q
k
r
dq
k dV dl
l
Q
dq
l
2
1
2
14 , 3
14 , 3 2
. . .
.
. .
.
.
.
.
2 2
0
2 2

+

vt ton
) ( 10 . 09 , 46
6 , 0 5 , 0
10 . 4
. 10 . 9
3
2 2
6
9
V V
+

T TRNG
Cu 104. Cho mt dng in thng di v hn c cng khng i I
1
= 3A chy qua v mt dng
in trn bn knh R = 10cm c cng I
2
= 4A khng i chy qua (trng hp mt trong hai dng
chy theo chiu ngc li), t cch nhau r = 5cm. C hai dng in t trong cng mt mt phng.
a. Hy xc nh cm ng t do hai dng in gy ra ti tm 0 ca hai dng in trn.
b. Hy xc nh mt nng lng t trng ti tm 0 ca dng in trn.
Cho = 1,
0
= 4.10
-7
H/m.
a. Hy xc nh cm ng t do hai dng in gy ra ti tm 0 ca hai dng in trn.
Theo nguyn l chng cht
2 1 0
B B B

+
Do
2 1
; B B

c cng phng chiu nn
( )
T
R
I
r R
I
B B B
5
2 2
7 2 0 1 0
2 1 0
10 . 91 , 2
10 . 10
4
10 . 15 . 14 , 3
3
10 . 14 , 3 . 2
2 2

,
_

+ +
+
+

b. mt nng lng t trng ti tm 0 ca dng in trn.

) / ( 10 . 71 , 33
10 . 14 , 3 . 4 . 2
) 10 . 91 , 2 (
2
3 5
7
2 5
0
2
m J
B
w
m

Cu 105. Cho hai dng in trn c cng cng I chy qua v ngc chiu nhau,
ng tm bn knh R v 2R , cng nm trong mt mt phng (trng hp mt trong hai
dng chy theo chiu ngc li), Hy xc nh:
a. cm ng t do hai dng in gy ra ti tm 0 ca hai dng in trn.
b. Hy xc nh mt nng lng t trng ti tm 0 ca dng in trn.
Cho = 1,
0
= 4.10
-7
H/m.
Cu 106. Cho hai dng in trn ng tm c cng I v 2I chy qua c chiu nh (H.v)(trng hp
mt trong hai dng chy theo chiu ngc li), c bn knh R v 2R, nm trong hai mt phng t
nghing vi nhau
mt gc
0 0 0 0
90 ; 60 ; 45 ; 30 .
Hy xc nh
a. cm ng t do
hai dng in
gy ra ti tm
0 ca hai dng in trn.
b. Hy xc nh mt nng lng t trng ti tm 0 ca dng in trn.
Cho = 1,
0
= 4.10
-7
H/m.
Cu 107. Hnh v biu din thit din ca ba dng in thng song song di v hn c
cng bng nhau I
1
= I
2
= I
3
= 5A , i qua ba nh ca mt hnh vung cnh a =
50cm. Hy xc nh
a. cm ng t do ba dng in gy ra ti im M.

0
I
R
2R

2I

0

a
I
1
I
2
I
3
a

M
I
a
b
R
A
B
C
D
B
l
V

b. Ti M ta t mt dng in thng di v hn song song cng chiu vi dng in

I
2
trn v c cng I
4
= 2A chy qua. Hy tnh t lc tc dng ln 50cm chiu di trn dng in I
4
.
Cho :
1
;
m
H
7
0
10 . 4


Cu 108. Hnh v biu din thit din ca ba dng in thng song song di v hn c
cng bng nhau I
1
= I
2
= I
3
= 10A , i qua ba nh ca mt hnh vung cnh a =
50cm. Hy xc nh
a. Cm ng t do ba dng in gy ra ti im M.
b. Ti M ta t mt dng in thng di v hn song song cng chiu vi dng
in I
2
trn v c cng I
4
= 2A chy qua, Hy tnh t lc tc dng ln
50cm chiu di trn dng in I
4
.
Cho :
1
;
m
H
7
0
10 . 4


Cu 109. Cho mt dng in thng di v hn, c cng I = 5A. B b gp ti O
thnh mt gc = 60
0
; 90
0
; 120
0
. Hy xc nh cm ng t, cng t trng do
dng in gy ra ti im M nm trn ng phn gic ca gc 0 v cch 0 mt
khong 0M = 20cm nh (h.v ). Cho = 1,
0
= 4.10
-7
H/m.

Cu 110. Cho mt on dng in c cng I = 8A chy qua, b b gp ti O
thnh hai cnh ca mt hnh ch nht c chiu di a = 40cm , b = 60cm . Hy xc
nh cm ng t do dng in gy ra ti im M nm trn nh ca hnh ch nht
nh (h.v). Cho = 1,
0
= 4.10
-7
H/m.
Cu 111. Cho mt on dng in c cng I = 8A chy qua, b b gp ti O thnh hai cnh ca mt
hnh tam gic u c cnh l a = 60cm . Hy xc nh cm ng t do dng in gy ra ti im H nm
chn ca ng cao ca tam gic u nh (h.v).
Cho = 1,
0
= 4.10
-7
H/m.
Cu 112. Cho dng in
thng di v hn c cng
khng i I
1
= 8A
chy qua v dng in
I
2
=4A chy trong khung
dy hnh ch nht theo
chiu ABCD c cnh
bng a = 30cm v b =
20cm. Cnh AB song song vi dng in, cch dng in mt khong R = 10cm. Hy xc nh t lc tc
dng ln cnh AB ca khung. Cho = 1.
0
= 4.10
-7
H/m.
Cu 113 . Cho dng in thng di v hn c cng khng i I = 5A chy qua v
mt khung dy hnh ch nht ABCD c cnh bng a = 20cm v b = 30cm. Cnh AB
song song vi dng in , cch dng in mt khong R = 10cm. Hy xc nh tnh t
thng gi qua khung dy. cho = 1.
0
= 4.10
-7
H/ m.
Cu 114 . Mt thanh dy dn
thng di l = 20cm chuyn
ng trong mt t trng u
c cm ng t B = 0,1T. Bit
0 R

M
0
0
b
a
M

I
1
I
R
b
a
A
B
C
D
2
I
I
a
H
B

B
l
V

rng: phng ca thanh, phng ng sc t trng v phng dch chuyn lun vung gc vi nhau
tng i mt. Tnh t thng qut bi dy dn trong chuyn di mt on s = 0,75m
Cu 115 . Mt khung dy
hnh vung c
cnh a = 50cm
t trong t
trng u c cm
ng t
B = 4,10
-4
T. Mt phng ca khung hp vi vct cm ng t
B

mt gc
0
30 . Hy xc nh t
thng gi qua din tch ca khung .
Cu 116. Cho dng in thng di v hn chiu nh hnh v, c cng bin i
tng dn chy qua v mt khung dy hnh ch nht ABCD c cnh bng a v b. Cnh
AB song song vi dng in, cch dng in mt khong R. Hy xc nh chiu dng
in cm ng chy trong khung
Cu 117 . Mt thanh dy dn
thng di l = 20cm chuyn
ng vi vn tc V = 1,5m/s
trong mt t trng u c
cm ng t B = 0,1T. Bit
rng: phng ca thanh,
phng ng sc t trng
v phng dch chuyn lun vung gc vi nhau tng i mt.Tm sut in ng cm ng xut hin
trn thanh dy dn .
Cho = 1.
0
= 4.10
-7
H/m.
T thng qut bi thanh trong dch chuyn dx
dx l B dS B d
m
. . 0 cos . .
0


Sut in ng cm ng xut hin trn dy dn:
V l B
dt
dx l B
dt
d
m
C
. .
. .

V dy dn khng khp kn nn sut in ng

) ( 10 . 3 5 , 1 . 2 , 0 . 1 , 0 . .
2
V V l B U
C


Cu 118 . Cho dng in thng di v hn c cng I
1
= 5a chy qua v mt khung dy
hnh ch nht ABCD c cnh bng a = 30cm v b = 20cm. Cnh AB song song vi
dng in, cch dng in mt khong R = 10cm , cho = 1.
a.Tnh t thng gi qua khung .
b. Nu cho khung dy dch chuyn song song vi chnh n vi vn tc khng i ra xa
dng in,
hy xc nh chiu ca dng cm ng chy trong khung.
c. Nu cho dng in c cng I
2
= 2A chy qua khung dy c chiu t A n D, tnh t lc tc dng
ln tng cnh ca khung.
Bi 1 19 . Cho dng in thng di v hn c cng I = 5A chy qua, b b gp
nh hnh v . Cho R = 10cm ,
1
.
a. Hy xc nh vct cm ng t do dng in gy ra ti tm 0 .
b. Tnh mt nng lng t trng do dng in gy ra ti im 0.
Bi 1 20 . Cho mt dng in c cng I = 5A chy trong mt ng dy in thng
di v hn , bit rng 50cm chiu di ng dy c 1500 vng dy. Hy p dng nh

R
I
0
0 R

I
R
a
b
A
B C
D
I
1
A
B
C
D
R
b
a

0
a
b I
I
l v dng in ton phn, xc nh vct cm ng t ti mt im trong lng ng dy. cho
1
,
0

=
4
7
10 .

H/m
Bi 1 21 . Mt thanh
kim loi c chiu di
l = 1m, quay trong
t trng u c
cm ng t B =4.10
-
3
T, vi vn tc
khng i 30 vng/s =2

.30rad/s, trc quay i qua u mt ca thanh, vung gc vi thanh v song

song vi ng sc t trng.
a. Tm hiu in th xut hin gia hai u thanh.
b. Tm t thng qut bi thanh sau mt vng.
Bi 1 22 . Cho mt dng in c cng I = 5A chy trong mt on dy b gp thnh
mt hnh ch nht c cnh a = 40cm, b = 60cm t trong khng kh. Hy xc nh vct
cm ng t do dng in gy ra ti tm 0 ca hnh vung.
Bi 1 23 . cho mt dng in trn bn knh R = 20cm c cng I = 5A chy qua, hy xc nh :
a. Vct cng t trng v vct cm ng t do dng in gy ra ti mt im M nm trn trc vng
dy v cch tm vng dy mt khong h = 30cm, v ti tm 0 vng dy.
b. Xc nh mt nng lng t trng ti hai im .
Bi 1 24 : Hnh v biu din tit din thng ca hai dng in thng di v hn c cng cng I
1
=
10A

chy qua, t cch nhau 20cm, P l im nm trn ng trung trc ca on ni gia hai dng
in, v cch trung im 10cm. Hy xc nh :
a. Vct cm
ng t do hai
dng in gy
ra ti P.
b. Ti P t
mt dng in
thng di l =
40cm, c cng I
2
=5A chy qua, song song vi hai dng in trn v c chiu i vo. Hy xc nh
t lc tc dng ln dng in I
2
.
Bi 1 25 : Thit din thng ca hai dng in thng di v hn c cng I chy qua, t cch nhau
mt khong d.
a. Chng minh ln ca vct cm ng t ti im P nm cch u hai dng
in v cch d mt khong h l B =
( )
2 2
0
4 .
. . 2
d R
d I
+

v xc nh phng chiu ca
vct cm ng t.
b. Xc nh mt nng lng t trng ti P. Cho
1


....................................Ht.....................................
Nguyn vn Trung:(0915192169)
0 R

M
h
I

20cm
1
I
P
1
I

l
B

P
d
I
I
h