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PHN M U
1. L do chn n ti Cu chuyn v Steve Jobs l s to ha k diu ca tinh thn doanh nhn m ai cng phi tha nhn. Vi nhng phm cht tuyt vi ca mt nh qun tr kinh doanh xut sc, Steve Jobs gy dng cho mnh mt s nghip v i. Steve Jobs ni ln nh mt biu tng ti cao ca sc sng to, tr tng tng, v s i mi trng tn, ng hiu rng cch tt nht to ra gi tr ch thc trong th k XXI ny l vic kt ni c sng to vi khoa hc cng ngh, v th ng xy dng mt cng ty ni m tr tng tng t ph c kt hp vi nhng thnh tu ng kinh ngc ca k thut. Vi nhng ng gp khng mt ngh ca mnh cho Apple, ng gip cng ty tr thnh mt trong nhng cng ty ln nht th gii ( vi gi tr vn ho th trng l cao nht th gii). Tuy nhin, cuc i doanh nhn ti ba ny kt thc tui 56 (ngy 05/10/2011) v cn bnh ung th. ng ra i li bao nui tic cho mi ngi. Steve Jobs c cho l bc thy ca ngh thut qun tr vi phong cch lnh o c on ca mnh. Jobs th hin ti qun tr ca mnh gip cho cng ty Apple thot khi b vc ph sn nm 1997 v t c nhiu thnh cng nh ngy hm nay. V vy, chng ti chn Steve Jobs vi phong cch lnh o ca ng lm ni dung ti tiu lun mn Tm l ngh thut lnh o vi mong mun c tm hiu su hn ngh thut lnh o ca ng. 2. Mc tiu nghin cu Phn tch v lm r phong cch lnh o ca Steve Jobs ti Apple rt ra nhng c trng trong phong cch lnh o ca Steve Jobs, ch r nhng thnh cng, tn ti do phong cch lnh o ny to ra. ng thi, t nhng phn tch , chng ta a ra nhng gii php gip hon thin hn phong cch lnh o ca Steve Jobs. 3. i tng v phm vi nghin cu 3.1. i tng nghin cu Phong cch lnh o c on ca Steve Jobs ti tp on Apple 3.2. Phm vi nghin cu V ni dung: Trnh by nhng l lun c bn v phong cch lnh o

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Trn c s nhng l lun c bn kt hp vi hiu bit thc t v i tng nghin cu nhm ch ra nhng c trng ring; phn tch v lm r nhng thnh cng, tn ti v cc gii php khc phc ca i tng nghin cu.

V thi gian: Phong cch lnh o ca Steve Jobs t khi ng tr li Apple t nm 1997 n nm 2011 4. Phng php nghin cu ti kt hp cc phng php ch yu: phng php tru tng ha khoa hc, phng php thu thp ti liu; phn tch, so snh v tng hp; kt hp phng php lch s v phng php logic trong qu trnh thc hin ti. 5. Kt cu bi tiu lun Ngoi phn m u, kt lun, danh mc ti liu tham kho, ni dung chnh ca bo co thc tp gm ba chng chnh: Chng 1: C s l lun v phong cch lnh o Chng 2: Phn tch thc trng v phong cch lnh o c on ca Steve Jobs ti Apple Chng 3: Gii php hon thin phong cch lnh o c on ca Steve Jobs ti Apple

CHNG 1: C S L LUN V PHONG CCH LNH O

1.1.
1.1.1.

Khi nim v phong cch lnh o Khi nim lnh o

Lnh o l qu trnh gy nh hng n hot ng ca mt c nhn hoc mt nhm, nhm t c mc ch trong nhng iu kin c th nht nh. Lnh o l kh nng li cun ngi khc i theo mnh, l bit to ra mi rng buc gia ngi v cng vic bng cch quan tm c hai. Lnh o l kh nng thuyt phc v gy nh hng trn ngi khc hon thnh nhng mc tiu mong mun. Ni cch khc, lnh o thin v kha cnh nhn bn v nhm n ngi ni kt h thnh mt i ng v ng vin h tin ti mc tiu mong mun. C hai loi lnh o l lnh o chnh thc v lnh o khng chnh thc. Lnh o chnh thc l ngi lnh o c thc quyn. Ngi lnh o c thc quyn l ngi lnh o ng thi ng vai tr qun tr vin trong mt t chc, c trao ban quyn hn v chc nng hnh x trn ngi khc thi hnh mt cng tc theo hoch nh. Ngi lnh o khng chnh thc hay cn gi l lnh o t nhin, l ngi lnh o do thin ph vi phong cch li cun ngi khc. Tuy h khng c quyn hn chnh thc sai khin, nhng li ni ca h c gi tr, c ngi khc lng nghe v thc hin. Nhng ngi lnh o t nhin ny thng c ngi khc ngng m nh mt chng nhn gng mu v cch t chc v thc hin i vi i sng c nhn cng nh x hi.
1.1.2. Khi nim phong cch lnh o

Phong cch lnh o l nhng phng php hoc cch thc nh lnh o thng dng gy nh hung n i tng b lnh o. Xt trn phng din c nhn, phong cch lnh o chnh l cch thc lm vic ca nh lnh o. Phong cch lnh o ca mt c nhn l dng hnh vi ca ngi th hin cc n lc nh hung ti hat ng ca nhng ngi khc. Xt trn phng din tng th, phong cch lnh o l h thng cc du hiu c trng ca hat ng v qun l ca nh lnh o, c quy nh bi c im nhn cch ca h. 1.2. Cc m hnh phong cch lnh o

1.2.1. Phong cch lnh o c on 1.2.1.1. Khi nim Phong cch lnh o c on cn c gi l phong cch lnh o chuyn quyn, phong cch lnh o theo hnh chnh x pht, phong cch lnh o theo ch th, phong cch lnh o cng quyt. y nh lnh o s p t nhn vin; cc nhn vin nhn lnh v thi hnh mnh lnh. Nh lnh o s tp trung ht quyn lc vo tay ca mnh. Lnh o c on l s p t cng vic vi s kim sot v gim th cht ch. Qun tr vin c on thng ly mnh lm thc o gi tr. H khng quan tm n kin ca ngi khc d l ng i hay nhn vin m ch hon ton da vo kin thc v kinh nghim ca chnh mnh. Hnh thc ny thng ph hp vi li qun tr c in, hoc khi t chc ang trong tnh trng canh tn ni b loi tr nhng phn t lm lng on sinh hot chung, vv Nht l khi tinh thn k lut v trt t ca t chc lng lo cn sa i. Phong cch ny xut hin khi cc nh lnh o ni vi nhn vin chnh xc nhng g h mun cc nhn vin lm v lm ra sao m khng km theo bt k li khuyn hay ch dn no. 1.2.1.2. u im Th nht, c nh lnh o s dng thnh cng trong mt tp th mi thnh lp, cha thit lp c nguyn tc hot ng hoc trong cc tp th ang mt phng hng hot ng, khng kh trong t chc l gy hn Th hai, s thnh cng ca t chc ph thuc vo vai tr c nhn ca nh qun tr. Nu nh qun tr gii s mang li nhiu thnh cng cho t chc. Th ba, trong cc trng hp khn cp th s c on chuyn quyn ca lnh o i khi mang li nhng hiu qu bt ng. 1.2.1.3. Nhc im Th nht, ngi lnh o khng quan tm n suy ngh cng nh kin ca nhn vin nn khng tn dng c s sng to ca nhn vin di quyn. Th hai, quyt nh ca ngi lnh o chuyn quyn thng t c cp di chp nhn, ng tnh v lm theo, thm ch cn dn n s chng i ca cp di.

Th ba, vi phong cch ny, nhn vin t thch lnh o, hiu qu lm vic cao hn khi c mt lnh o, thp khi khng c mt lnh o. Th t, khng kh trong t chc ph thuc vo nh hng c nhn. 1.2.1.4. p dng Phong cch lnh o c on rt thch hp khi c mt mnh lnh t cp trn m t nhng g cn phi lm v phi lm nh th no. Phong cch qun l ny cng thch hp trong trng hp cc nhn vin cn hn ch v kinh nghim hoc thiu nhng k nng cn thit hon thnh cng vic. Cn c on vi nhng ngi a chng i, nhng ngi khng c tnh t ch, thiu ngh lc v km tnh sng to. 1.2.2. Phong cch lnh o dn ch 1.2.2.1. Khi nim L kiu phong cch c c trng bng vic ngi qun l bit phn chia quyn lc ca mnh, tham kho kin cp di, bn bc, lng nghe kin cp di trc khi ra cc quyt nh. Qun tr vin theo ng li lnh o dn ch l ngi bit to ra nhng cuc tho lun gia i ng tm mt quyt nh chung. Mt khi quyt nh d l kin ca bt c thnh vin no trong i ng, cng tc s c thc hin theo quyt nh . Li lnh o ny em li s nht tr trong t chc v gip cng tc vin hay nhn vin nm quyn ch ng trong vic thi hnh cng tc. Nhn vin trong cc t chc vi li lnh o ny thng c c hi pht huy sng kin cao. Do , tinh thn lm vic cng cao v t hiu nng. 1.2.2.2. u im Th nht, nh lnh o to iu kin cho nhn vin ca mnh c pht huy sng kin, tham gia vo vic lp k hoch v thc hin k hoch, to cho cp di s ch ng cn thit. Th hai, vi phong cch ny, nh lnh o to ra bu khng kh tm l tch cc trong qu trnh qun l, nhn vin thch lnh o hn, nng sut lm vic cao k c khi khng c mt lnh o, khng kh lm vic trong nhm ci m hn. Th ba, hn na, cc quyt nh ca nh lnh o c cp di ng h v lm theo. 1.2.2.3. Nhc im

Th nht, nu thiu tnh sc so v k nng phn tch, nh lnh o s khng th ra c quyt nh ng n. Th hai, hn na, nu thiu tnh quyt on, nh lnh o c th tr thnh ngi theo ui cp di. Th ba, quyt nh chm s b l mt c hi. 1.2.2.4. p dng Th nht, trong mt tp th c bu khng kh tt p, c tinh thn on kt, c kh nng t qun, t gic cao. Th hai, i vi nhng ngi c tinh thn tp th, li sng tp th, c tinh thn hp tc. 1.2.3. Phong cch lnh o t do 1.1.3.1. Khi nim Phong cch lnh o t do l kiu phong cch m nh lnh o rt t khi s dng quyn lc, cho cp di c t do. Nh lnh o to iu kin v gip nhn vin bng cch cung cp thng tin cho h. phong cch ny, nh lnh o cho php cc nhn vin ra quyt nh, nhng nh lnh o vn chu trch nhim i vi nhng quyt nh c a ra. 1.2.3.2.u im Th hai, mi thnh vin trong nhm u c th tr thnh ch th cung cp nhng tung, kin gii quyt, nhng vn ct li do thc tin t ra. Th ba, cc nhn vin c th tham gia vo cc d n ca t chc nn tnh sng to c pht huy ti a. Th t, phong cch ny to cho nhn vin s thai mi, t do, khng b g b nn hiu qu lm vic cao hn. 1.2.3.3. Nhc im i khi t do qu mc, mi ngi mt kin, dn n khng thng nht c kin chung, v c th dn n mc tiu chung khng c hon thnh. Ngi lnh o c th l l trong cng vic. 1.2.3.4. p dng S dng phong cch lnh o y thc c s dng khi cc nhn vin c kh nng phn tch tnh hung, xc nh nhng g cn lm v lm nh th no. Nn dng

kiu lnh o t do vi nhng ngi hn tui, nhng ngi khng thch giao thip hay c u c c nhn ch ngha. 1.3. Cc yu t nh hng n vic la chn phong cch lnh o Mi phong cch lnh o c nhng u, nhc im ring v vic la chn phong cch lnh o ph hp l rt quan trng i vi nh lnh o trong qun l, iu hnh cng vic. Vic la chn phong cch c th ph thuc vo bn thn nh lnh o: tui tc, tnh cch, kinh nghim, trnh , nng lc, trng thi tm l, ngh nghip, v tr cng tc, c im ngnh ngh v mc tiu ca bn thn h. Ngoi ra vic la chn phong cch lnh o cn ph thuc vo cc yu t tc ng t bn ngoi: hon cnh lnh o, cc tnh hung qun tr, vn ha qun l ca i tng,..; da trn mi quan h vi nhn vin v gia cc nhn vin, mc sc p cng vic v nng lc lm vic ca nhn vin. Phong cch lnh o l kt qu ca mi quan h gia tnh cch c nhn vi mi trng v c biu hin bng cng thc: Phong cch lnh o = C tnh x Mi trung.

CHNG 2 : PHN TCH THC TRNG V PHONG CCH LNH O C ON CA STEVE JOBS TI APPLE T GIAI ON 1997-2011 2.1. S lc v tiu s ca Steve Jobs Steven Paul Jobs (24/2/1955 - 5/10/2011) l mt nh qun tr v doanh nhn ni ting ngi M. ng l mt trong nhng ngi sng lp ca hng Apple v l mt trong nhng ngi c nh hng ln nht ngnh cng nghip vi tnh. Trc y ng tng l tng gim c iu hnh ca xng phim hot hnh Pixar; sau tr thnh thnh vin trong ban gim c ca cng ty Walt Disney nm 2006, sau khi Disney mua li Pixar. Cui nhng nm 1970, Steve Jobs cng nh ng sng lp Apple Steve Wozniak, Mike Markkula v mt s ngi khc, thit k, pht trin v a ra th trng mt trong nhng dng my tnh c nhn thnh cng thng mi u tin, dng Apple II. u nhng nm 1980, Jobs l mt trong nhng ngi u tin nhn thy tim nng thng mi ca giao din ngi dng iu khin ha bng cch s dng chut dn n vic ra i Macintosh. Sau khi tht bi trong mt cuc u tranh quyn lc vi ban gim c vo nm 1984, Jobs rt khi Apple v sng lp NeXT, mt cng ty pht trin nn tng my tnh chuyn v gio dc v kinh doanh cao hn. Vic Apple mua li NeXT vo nm 1996 a Steve Jobs tr li cng ty m ng l ng sng lp, sau lm vic trong vai tr tng gim c iu hnh t nm 1997 cho n nm 2011. Nm 1986, ng mua li b phn ha vi tnh ca cng ty Lucasfilm, sau tch ra thnh hng phim hot hnh Pixar. ng vn l tng gim c iu hnh v c ng ln nm 50,1% c phn ca Pixar cho n khi hng Walt Disney mua li vo nm 2006.Do Jobs tr thnh c ng c nhn ln nht nm 7% c phn v l thnh vin ca Hi ng qun tr ca Disney. Qu trnh hot ng kinh doanh ca Steve Jobs ng gp nhiu cho cc hnh nh biu tng mang phong cch mt nh doanh nghip tiu biu ca Thung lng Silicon. Ngy 24 thng 8 nm 2011, Steve Jobs tuyn b t chc tng gim c iu hnh ca Apple. Trong th t chc, Jobs mnh m gi gm rng Tim Cook l ngi k nhim ng. Sau , Jobs c b nhim lm ch tch hi ng qun tr ca Apple. Ngy 5 thng 10, 2011, Apple loan tin Steve Jobs qua i tui 56.

2.2. Thc trng v phong cch lnh o c on ca Steve Jobs ti Apple giai on 1997-2011 2.2.1. Thc trng v tnh cch ca Steve Jobs tai Apple giai on 1997-2011 Th nht, l mt ngi cu ton, tinh t v yu thch s sng to ng lun yu cu nhn vin t m v khng c c bt k mt sai xt no, s khao kht hon ho v yu thch sng to th hin ngay nhng on qung co v s quyn r ca nhng thit k sn phm em n nhng thnh cng ca Apple do vy ng thng hay dn p v yu cu lm li hu nh tt c i vi nhng thit k, sn phm khng hon ho theo cch nhn ca ng. V d nh: vic ri n vo iMac trong bui ra mt sn phm (6/1998) cng tn khng t thi gian chun b ca Jobs, cho n khi nh n soi vo sn phm hp vi ca ng. Cc sn phm ca Apple theo ca Jobs phi quan tm ti nhng chi tit nh nht, k c nhng chic c vt mt sau ca sn phm. Thm ch c ngi phi tht ln rng Jobs mun kim sot n c n ht ct trong vi mch .Cc dng sn phm ni ting nh iPod, iPhone, iPad t kiu dng bn ngoi cho n phn cng v phn mm u ng b v th hin nt tinh t, sng to v s kht khao hng ti s hon ho khng ngng. Th hai, d ni nng vi mi ngi Vo nhng lc p lc cng vic ln co, v d nh khi hn cht vic hon thnh mu iMac ti gn, tnh kh nng ny ca Jobs li cng d nhn thy, c bit l trong lc ng phi i mt vi nhng vn sn xut. Trong mt cuc hp nh gi sn phm, ng bit c rng quy trnh sn xut ang chm tr. Steve Jobs t thi gin d khng khip, v ni tc gin y tuyt i thnh thc. ng ni gin vi c nhm lm sn phm vi nhng li l rt nng n, bt u vi Rubinstein: Cc ngi bit l chng ta ang c cu c cng ty c m, ng ta tht ln: v cc ngi ang lm hng bt mi s!. Bn tnh nng ny cng d nhn thy khi Lee Clow - gim c sng to ca Chiat/Day, chun b mt lot cc mu qung co y mu sc trn tp ch v khi ng gi cho Jobs cc trang in th, Lee Clow nhn hi p l mt cuc in thoi in cung tc gin. Mu xanh dng trong mu qung co, Jobs khng nh, khc vi mu xanh ca chic iMac v Jobs ht vo Lee Clow: Cc ngi chng h bit cc

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ngi ang lm g! Jobs tht ln: Ti s bo ngi khc nhn phn qung co, v my th ny tht khn kip. Th ba, l con ngi c tham vng, mun kim sot mi th Sau khi c b nhim lm chuyn vin t vn cho Amelio, Jobs ngay lp tc y nhng ngi ng tin tng vo nhng v tr cp cao Apple. Jobs cn m bo chc chn rng nhng ngi thc s gii n t NeXT khng b m sau lng bi nhng k km hn ang gi nhng v tr ct cn Apple. iu hnh mng phn mm, ng s dng ngi bn Avie Tevanian ca mnh. nm mng phn cng, ng chn Jon Rubinstein, ngi nm v tr tng t b phn phn cng ca NeXT. Tt cc nhm lm sn phm, t cng on thit k cho n hot ng qung b cho sn phm u c Steve Jobs kim sot cht ch theo nhng tiu chun ca ng. Khi Jobs quay v Apple vi vai tr l ngi c vn dn dt Apple vc dy, ch trong 90 ngy tm kim CEO mi cho Apple , Jobs tip tc si ln khi phi tr li trc ban qun tr m ng khng tn trng. Hy dng on tu li, n s khng c kt qu, ng ni vi Woolard. Cng ty ny ang phi vt ln tn ti, v ti khng c thi gian lm v nui cho ban qun tr. V vy ti cn tt c cc ng rt lui. Hoc ti s rt lui v khng quay tr li vo th hai ti. V sau , ng buc h phi t chc, rt lui v ng kim ngi vo cc v tr . Th t, l ngi quyt on Jobs v cng quyt on v mnh m vi cc quyt nh ca mnh. Khi ng thy g ng, ng s b mc tt c s phn i hay nhng ch trch ca ngi ngoi d tnh ca mnh. Khi Jobs va tr li Apple trong thi k en ti nht ca Apple - gi c phiu trt gi lin tip v khng phanh, quyt nh u tin ca ng l phi h gi c phiu u i, tt c cc b phn ti chnh u phn i ng, h ni cn 2 thng h nghin cu vn ny nhng ng nht quyt lm v Phi lm ngay v ng thnh cng khi gi c phiu t 13 la tng ln 20 la ch trong cng mt thng. Quyt nh ch tp trung sn xut hai dng sn phm my bn, xch tay theo hai dng l ph thng v cao cp, mc d cc k s ca ng kh gin d nhng a phn h b Jobs thuyt phc.Kt qu l cc k s v qun l Apple lp tc ch tp trung cao vo bn lnh vc. Vi mng my bn cao cp, h pht trin Power Macintosh G3. Vi mng my xch tay cao cp h pht trin PowerBook G3. Vi my bn ph

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thng, h bt u vi th sau ny tr thnh iMac. V cui cng vi my xch tay ph thng, h tp trung vo th s tr thnh iBook. Ch i, Jobs gii thch, l nhn mnh cc thit b ny s c tch hp cht ch vi Internet. Sau 2 nm gy sng st vi vic thua l, Apple li c th vui v vi mt qu li nhun, kim c 45 triu la. Trong c nm ti chnh 1998, n tr thnh 309 triu la li nhun. Jobs quay tr li, v Apple cng th. l minh chng cho s quyt on v kh nng nm bt vn ct li nhanh ca Steve Jobs. Ngoi ra sau khi ci tin cho iMac, Jobs quyt nh s khng gn km c a mm vn thng dng. Jobs trch dn cu cch ngn ca siu sao khc cn cu Wayne Gretzky, Hy trt n ch tri banh vng ti, ch khng phi ch n tng xut hin. Jobs c phn i qu thi cuc, nhng cui cng a phn my tnh u loi b a mm. Th nm, Jobs c th rt cay c v lnh lng, c bit vi nhng ngi c xung t vi ng, nhng cng c th rt tnh cm vi nhng ngi ng hnh cng ng t nhng ngy u. V d: khi yu cu Mike Markkula ri khi ban qun tr Apple, Jobs li xe n tn nh v thc hin mt cuc do b thn mt bn v tng lai ca Apple. Th su, mt s thi im khc nhau, Jobs th hin s trn ln l thng gia tnh cu bn v s thiu thn. ng thng khng my may quan tm ti ngi khc ngh g v mnh; ng c th on tuyt vi ngi khc v khng bao gi nhn ti h ln na. Mt s thi im khc, ng li cm thy s p buc phi gii thch v mnh. V d: Bui ti ngy hm Amelio b sa thi bi hi ng qun tr Apple, Jobs gi v gii thch : Gil, ti ch mun anh bit, ti ni chuyn vi Ed hm nay v chuyn ny v ti cm thy thc s ti t v n. Ti mun anh bit ti khng c lin quan g ti chui s kin ny, l quyt nh ban qun tr a ra, tuy nhin h c mi ti vi vai tr t vn. Jobs ni vi Amelio rng mnh tn trng ng v l ngi chnh trc nht m ti tng c gp, v theo l mt s li khuyn mt cch t nguyn. Hy ngh ngi 6 thng, Jobs ni vi ng ta. Khi ti b nm khi Apple, ti lp tc quay li vi cng vic, v ti ly lm tic v iu . Jobs ng li s l ngi lng nghe bt c khi no Amelio cn thm li khuyn. 2.2.2. Thc trng v mi trng ra quyt nh ca Steve Jobs ti Apple giai on t 1997-2011

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Steve Jobs l mt trong nhng biu tng ti cao v sc sng to, tr tng tng, v nht l phong cch lnh o c on ca mnh. Mc d vy, c c s thnh cng nh vy, Jobs phi tri qua khong thi gian kh khn khi gp lin tip nhng kh khn trong cuc sng v s nghip ti cng ty Apple khi mi tr li. Tuy nhin, vi tnh cch ca mt ngi c bit nh Jobs, ng vt qua ht mi nghch cnh ca mi trng quanh ng, bin n tr thnh iu kin gip ng pht huy hon ton kh nng thin ph ca mnh. Tip theo, chng ta s tin hnh tm hiu v thc trng mi trng qun tr ti Apple trong giai on 1997 2011 c th hiu r hn tc ng ca n ln phong cch lnh o ca Jobs. Th nht, s tr li ca ng nm 1997 l trong tnh cnh cng ty ang trn b vc ph sn, cng ty ang sn xut my tnh v nhng thit b ngoi vi khc, bao gm nhng phin bn khc nhau ca Macintosh. Bn cnh , vi s iu hnh ca ban qun tr yu km khin cng ty mt i nhiu k s v nhn vin qun l gii. Tnh hnh lc c th khin cho v tr gim c iu hnh ca cng ty nh mt v tr nng cho bt k ai mun vc dy mt cng ty ang sa st nh Apple. Th hai, v mi trng nhn s, s quay tr li ln ny, ng c s chun b tng i k lng, c th c c s kim sot hon ton cng ty t phn k thut n sn phm. Ngay sau khi n Apple m nhn v tr c vn, Jobs y nhng ngi ng tin tng vo nhng v tr cp cao Apple. Ti cn m bo chc chn rng nhng ngi thc s gii n t NeXT khng b m sau lng bi nhng k km hn ang gi nhng v tr ct cn Apple, Jobs i hi Ban ch tch ca Apple. y l l do Jobs hai ngi ng nghip thn cn ca mnh l Avie Tevanian v Jon Rubinstein nm nhng v tr quan trng cc b phn ch cht ca cng ty. Vi Jobs, mi v tr lnh o trong cng ty lc u c th nh hng n quyn lc ca ng, v vy vic thay i v trit tiu i nhng mi him ha ny l cn thit cho ng v cng ty. Apple ch cn theo duy nht mt hng pht trin ca Steve Jobs v ch Steve Jobs. Th ba, v mi trng qun tr cp cao lc by gi, cc c ng phn ln u mun thoi vn khi nhn thy Apple bc ti thi k sp . Ai cng mun cch bn i cc c phn mnh ang s hu tm kim nhng khon li nhun cui cng, mc cc vn ang tn ng trong cng ty. Ban qun tr bt n, khin cho ton cng ty cng tr nn khng n nh, iu mi ngi quan tm lc ch l lng vi tm

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kim mt cng vic mi, mi ngi u tin rng Apple s ph sn. Ni chung, tnh hnh rt ri ren, ai cng c gng lo cho li ch c nhn ca bn thn v qun i ht mi cng vic Apple. Th t, trong giai on ny, Apple ang cho sn xut kh nhiu sn phm. Cng ty khai thc nhiu phin bn ca mi sn phm, v d nh vi Macintosh, Apple cng c hng chc phin bn. Vic sn xut cc sn phm ny u n t cc nh my ca Apple, t bo mch cho n bn phm, mn hnh khin cho chi ph sn xut ngy cng tng cao. Th nm, l vic cc sn phm ca Apple ngy cng b cnh tranh gay gt t cc dng my tnh khc, gp kh khn trong vic tiu th sn phm. cc n v kinh doanh bn l, cc nhn vin bn hng khng th no gii thch c cho khnh hng phn bit c s khc nhau ca cc dng my Apple vi cc sn phm HP hay Dell. iu ny khin cho khch hng khng la chn cc sn phm ca Tri To v gi qu cao, khin cho doanh s ngy cng gim st trong khi cc i th lien tc gia tng th phn trn th trng. Th su, vo ma thu nm 2005, tr v sau k ngh bnh, Jobs chn Tim Cook mt ngi ng nghip m Jobs rt tin tng, tr thnh gim c iu hnh Apple. Tuy nhin, trong giai on ny, Jon Rubinstein, ph trch mng phn cng ca Apple lin tip xung t vi Avie Tevanian v Steve Jobs v cc tng sn phm v cc l do khch quan khc. Th by, vo cui nhng thng cui nm 2005 mc tiu th iPod tng vt. Hai triu chic iPod, mt con s ng kinh ngc, c bn ra th trng trong nm , gp 4 ln so vi nm trc. S ra i ca iPod ng mt vai tr quan trng i vi mc tiu ca cng ty, chim khong 45% li nhun ca nm, v mt ln na, s ra i ca n cng gip nh bng thm hnh nh cng ty v khng nh v th ca Apple trn th trng ging nh dng my Mac. Tnh cch Steve Jobs t lu ni ting v s c bit ca mnh, nhng chnh trong nhng hon cnh trn, tnh c bit cng th hin r rng hn, l nhng kh khn gip ng c th th hin c ti nng xoay tr ca mnh vi phng thc lnh o c on mang thng hiu ca Steve Jobs. Cuc i Steve thng trm vi nhiu s kin xy ra i vi ng. Vi quyt nh quay tr v Apple, Steve Jobs khin cho

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th gii thm mt ln c nhc ti ng nh mt v thuyn trng v i, cu c mt con tu to ln Apple trnh c nhng cn sng d. Vi Steve Jobs, vi Apple, cuc sum hp ln ny u gip c hai t c nhng mong c ca mnh. Trong phn tip theo, chng ta s tin hnh phn tch r hn thc trng mi trng trn y nh hng nh th no n vic ra quyt nh ca Steve Jobs. 2.3. Phn tch thc trng v phong cch lnh o c on ca Steven Jobs ti Apple giai on 1997-2011 2.3.1. Phn tch thc trng tnh cch ca Steve Jobs ti Apple giai on 1997-2011 2.3.1.1 Khi qut ngun gc hnh thnh nt tnh cch ca Steve Jobs Tnh cch l s kt hp gia nhng thuc tnh tm l c bn v bn vng ca con ngi m nhng thuc tnh y biu th thi ca con ngi i vi hin thc v biu hin hnh vi ca con ngi. hiu c nhng biu hin tnh cch ca Steve Jobs sau khi quay tr li Apple, chng ta s i su tm hiu ngun gc hnh thnh ln nt tnh cch ca ng thng qua xem xt mi trng sng v s gio dc: Th nht, tnh cch ca Steve Jobs xut hin mt phn c ngun gc t khuynh hng nhn th gii theo hai cc khc nhau ca Jobs. Mt con ngi hoc l mt anh hng nu khng ch l mt g kh, mt sn phm phi l tuyt vi cn khng ch l th rc ri. Do , trong ng lun khao kht s hon ho v khng chp nhn nhng thiu xt ca nhn vin cp di. Tuy nhin ng cng thng lng tng vi nhng vn nh: lp gia nh, mua mt chic sofa ph hp, cam kt iu hnh mt cng ty. Th hai, b b ri v c la chn. c bit, nhng khi nim tr thnh mt phn con ngi Jobs v phong cch sng ca ng.Chnh tui th ca Jobs vi ngh mnh b cho i lm con nui li nhng tn thng trong ng nhng li cho ng sc mnh vt ln s phn v cuc sng t lp. Nn Jobs sm trng thnh v l con ngi khng bao gi chu phc tng vi ngh lc phi thng. Steve ln ln song song vi cm gic ca mt a tr b b ri v s quan tm ca cha m nui lm cho ng cm thy mnh tr nn c bit. iu ng mt vai tr quan trng trong vic hnh thnh nn tnh cch ca Jobs. Chnh vy, ng lun mun l mt ngi khc bit hay thch nhng g khc bit, l thng. Th ba, trc khi bt u i hc cp mt, Jobs c m dy c. Tuy nhin, chnh nhng iu ny khin Jobs gp mt s rc ri khi n trng, ng khng d

15

dng chp nhn s p t v kim sot ca thy c v ni quy nh trng. iu ny cng phn no gii thch c tnh cch kh chu v ci ti ln ca ng lun xut hin trong mi cch ng x ti Apple. Tuy nhin, ngay t nh, Jobs l mt ngi rt thng minh v c cc thy c gio cng nh cha m ng xc nhn. Th t, sau khi tr v t n , ng chu nh hng nhiu bi nn vn ho ny, t t tng ca Pht Gio, o Hindu cho n cch sng ca ngi dn n lm Jobs khao kht i tm bn ng ca mnh- ng t hng mnh vo li sng chm ri c th suy ngh t m vn . Con ngi ng tr nn trm hn, hng vo trc gic hn l vo l tr. Con ngi ng tr nn trm hn, khc so vi thi on ng sng lp d trc y nhng nt tnh cch yu thch s khc bit, l thng vn cn tn ti trong ng cho n nhng giai on sau ny. 2.3.1.2. Phn tch thc trng tnh cch ca Steve Jobs sau khi quay li Apple Trn c s ngun gc hnh thnh nn nt tnh cch ca Steve Jobs, chng ta kt hp vi thc trng v tch cch ca ng c trnh by phn tch v lm sng t: ti so ng li c tnh cch nh vy ? v n nh hng th no n phong cch lnh o ca Steve? khi quay tr li Apple. Th nht, khi quay tr li Apple vi v tr l c vn cao cp, ng lc duy nht ca Jobs khng phi l tin tc m ng cn khng nh mnh v nhng nhu cu c nhn ca ng hng ti s tha mn khi to ra nhng thnh tu khin ngi ta phi tn th. Thc t l mt di sn kp: xy dng nhng sn phm sng to v pht trin mt cng ty trng tn. ng mun c t ngang vi nhng tng i nh Edwin Land, Bill Hewlett v David Packard. V cch tt nht t c nhng iu l tr li Apple v ginh li v tr ca mnh. Khi ng tr li, bt u t lnh vc nhn s, ng bo v v tuyn mi nhng k s cng lm vic vi ng Next v hu nh khng qu quan tm n nhng vn khc v vic khng a ng vo hi ng qun tr to cho ng cm gic khng c tn trng. Vi tnh cch mun kim sot mi th lm ng cn trng nhng to thi thc mnh hn. L do ng loi b Amelio ra khi v tr iu hnh ca Apple khng c g bt ng vi nt tnh cch xem ci ti ca mnh l trn ht ca Jobs. Th hai, Jobs khng quyt nh ngay khi c mi chnh thc quay li iu hnh Apple- cng vic m ng khao kht hai thp k, iu c th gii thch bi v:

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vi tt c s l lm v lng tham v trong vic kim sot mi th, Jobs lng l v trm lng khi khng chc chn v th g . ng khao kht s hon ho, v khng gii trong vic tm cch gii quyt nhng th thiu hon ho. Jobs khng mun vt ln vi s phc tp hay tha hip. iu ng vi cc sn phm, thit k v ni tht trong nh. iu cng ng vi nhng cam kt c nhn. Nu ng bit chc chn mt hnh ng l ng, th khng ai c th ngn ng li c. Nhng nu khng thy chc chn, ng i khi rt lui v khng mun ngh ti nhng th khng hon ho vi mnh. Ging nh khi Amelio hi vai tr m Jobs mun tham gia, Jobs ch im lng v b qua nhng tnh hung lm ng khng thoi mi. Th ba, cch i x vi mi ngi rt nng ny, cng xut pht t s yu thch hon ho, n gin, tnh th theo cch ca Jobs. ng khng chp nhn bt c s khng hon thin no cc sn phm v trong cc cng vic khc. Do vy, mi khi thc hin hp bn sn phm, ra mt sn phm hoc trnh by trng mi, Jobs lun t ra bc tc vi nhng tng qu tm thng hoc qu phc tp. Jobs dn nn nhn vin ca mnh vi cng vic nhng cng truyn cho h cm hng sng to bng chnh s khao kht i mi, khc bit ho ca mnh. Trc gic lun cho ng nm c tm l tng nhn vin ca mnh v bit im yu ca tng ngi, nh kh nng c bit ny gip Jobs qun tr cc nhm thc hin sn phm thc s hiu qu. Th t, Jobs cn c kh nng nhn xa, trng rng vi s thng minh, kh nng nm bt nhanh vn kt hp vi b c ngh thut ca ng cho ra i nhng sn phm to xu hng thi i, ng a n ngi tiu dng nhng sn phm kt hp gi cng ngh v ngh thut t lp v n phn cng cng nhng ng dng nh cao nhng cc k n gian. Kh nng nm bt xu hng ca Jobs c c l t s kt hp rt nhiu nhn t m theo quan im ca nhm nhn t quan trng to nn l kh nng quan st, phn tch, nh gi vn rt tinh t ca Jobs. 2.3.2. Phn tch thc trng mi trng ra quyt nh ca Steve Jobs ti Apple giai on 1997-2011 Ngi xa c cu Thi th to anh hng vi ngha l hon cnh kh khn c to ra bao gi cng sn sinh ra cc bc v nhn c th gii quyt c cc vn . Vi trng hp ca Apple v Steve Jobs cng vy. Ai c th dm chc c nu Steve Jobs vn li NeXT, khng quay li Apple th ng vn s ni ting trn ton th

17

gii vi nhng sn phm lm rng danh tn tui ca ng, nhng bi pht biu gii thiu sn phm tr thnh ti liu v phong cch din thuyt Nh ta bit, Apple l cng ty m Jobs dnh ra tm huyt c mt tui tr c th pht trin nn. V vy, tnh yu ca ng i vi Apple cao hn rt nhiu, so vi NeXT ln Pixar. c quay v Apple, Jobs nh lng bn i Pixar v st nhp NeXT vo chnh Apple. Ni chung, tnh yu i vi Tri To khin ng chp nhn mo him ln na vi cuc i v s nghip ca mnh, chp nhn tip qun v tr lnh o cao cp ca Apple vi nhim v vc dy cng ty. So vi NeXT hay Pixar, Apple l ni tp hp kh nhiu ti nng v b dy lch s pht trin huy hong. y cng l mt trong nhng l do khin ng quay li Apple c th gip ng pht huy ht c ti nng lnh o ca mnh. Thi im , NeXT c Pixar i vo giai on pht trin n nh v t c lin tip thnh cng, cn Apple li phi ng u vi nhng kh khn. Vi tnh cch a mo him v chng t bn thn, vic ng quay li Apple tm kim kh khn l iu c th gii thch. Vic tr li ln ny, ngoi vic cu vt Apple a con tinh thn ca ng, m cn gip ng c th khng nh li ln na ti nng lnh o ca ng. Tip theo, chng ta s tin hnh phn tch yu t mi trng c nhng nh hng nh th no n vic hnh thnh nn phong cch ca ng trong giai on ny. Th nht, vic ng sp xp cc nhn vin di quyn NeXT vo cc v tr quan trng Apple, chng t ng c s chun b tng i k lng, c thkim sot hon ton cng ty t mng phn mm n phn k thut.Vi Jobs, mi v tr lnh o trong cng ty lc u c th nh hng n quyn lc ca ng, v vy vic thay i v trit tiu i nhng mi him ha ny l cn thit cho ng v cng ty. Apple ch cn theo duy nht mt hng pht trin ca Steve Jobs v ch Steve Jobs. Th hai, vi tnh hnh ban qun tr bt n, Jobs c hng gii quyt nhanh v chnh xc l nh gi li quyn mua c phiu ca h. C phiu ca Apple xung thp ti mc khin quyn mua c phiu tr nn v gi tr. Mc cho Ban qun tr phn i, Jobs vn quyt tm vi nh ny. khi ng quyt nh iu g th vic phi c thc hin, v ngay lp tc.Thi gian lc ny Apple l yu t sng cn. Tuy nhin, sau , Jobs cho gii tn i b phn qun tr cp cao ca Apple, nhng con ngi ch chm lo cho li ch bn thn ch khng quan tm n cng ty Apple. y l s khc bit gia

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Jobs vi cc nh qun tr khc, ng khng nhn nhng ai k c lnh o cp trn ca mnh. Vi ng, cng ty c vn th u tin phi thay i Ban qun tr th mi c th gip cng ty n nh t tng. Th ba, v vic nh hng li sn phm cho cng ty ca Jobs, khi ng ch mun tp trung cho hai phn khc khch hng m ng quan tm l bnh dn v cao cp. y l mt iu cn thit, gip cho cng ty c th gim bt i cc sn phm trong danh mc sn xut, y u l nhng sn phm c tnh cht s dng tng ng nhau nhng li phn ra thnh nhiu dng my, khin cho cng tc qun l gp kh khn. Ngoi ra, vi vic kim sot cc cng on sn xut ca Apple cng lm cng ty gnh chu cc khon chi ph ln, nh hng n li nhun cng ty. Jobs c quyt nh l t b i cc sn phm khng ph hp, u t tp trung cho cc sn phm cht lng. ng cng p dng vic chuyn mn ha trong qu trnh sn xut ca Apple, thu cc cng ty sn xut cc linh kin theo n t hng ca Apple, gip cng ty gim bt c cc gnh nng chi ph sn xut. Th t, khi gp kh khn trong cng tc bn hng, ng th hin c ti nng bn hng v qun l ca mnh. ng cho gii thiu cc ca hng bn l App Store, y l cc ca hiu bn hng c quyn ca Apple cho cc sn phm ca cng ty. Ngy 19 thng 05 nm 2001, ca hng bn l Apple u tin khai trng Tysons Corner, bang Virginia vi nhng quy hng mu trng bng long, sn g ty trng v mt tm bch T duy Khc bit khng l. n nm 2004, cc ca tim Apple n trung bnh 5.400 khch mi tun, doanh thu t 1,2 t -la, lp mt k lc mi trong ngnh bn l. Vic khai trng App Store nh mt minh chng na cho ngh ca Jobs : kim sot cc sn phm Apple t vic ra tng, ch to v phn cng cng nh phn mm, gii thiu, marketing v k c cung cp sn phm n tay ngi tiu dng. y l mt s khc bit ca Apple so vi cc cng ty cng ngh khc nh Microsoft (ch yu phn mm) , IBM, HP, Dell (phn cng) Th nm, l vic Jon Rubinstein b ui vic, ph trch mng phn cng ca Apple bt ng kin vi Jobs khin Jobs b xc phm v ng cho Jon ngh vic ngay lp tc. Ti Apple, khng ai l khng th thay th, nu khng cng quan im vi Jobs th khng nn li Apple lm vic.Jobs ch mun lm vic vi nhng con ngi c cng quan im v bit p ng nhng yu cu l lng ca ng. Apple l

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mt cng ty c bit, tp hp nhng con ngi c bit, v vy ngi lnh o n cng phi c bit th mi c th qun tr cng ty mt cch tt nht. Tm li, thng qua vic phn tch, chng ta i su l gii c s hnh thnh tnh cch v lm r mi trng qun tr ca Apple khi Steve Jobs quay tr li. Chnh tui th, hon cnh gia nh v s pha trn nt vn ho phng ng, vn ho M to nn nt tnh cch rt c bit Steve. Trong khi , Apple sau nhiu nm dn u th phn my tnh c nhn vi li nhun ln dn mt li th cnh trnh trong ngnh so vi cc i th HP, IBM, DELL, nhiu nhn vin gii ri khi cng ty, hng tn kho mc cao v sn xut dn tri. Do , khi nt tnh cch v tnh kh c trng ca Steve t trong mi trng qun tr bt n ca Apple, hn th na s khao kht a cng ty do chnh mnh sng lp tr thnh cng ty ca s sng to v ng cp, to nn phong cch lnh o c on. 2.4. nh gi thc trng v phong cch lnh o c on ca Steve Jobs khi lnh o Apple giai on 1997-2011 Phong cch lnh o no cng c nhng u nhc im ca n, ty thuc vo thi gian khng gian m n em li nhng kt qu khc nhau. V vy, ngi lnh o cn la chn thch hp cho mnh phong cch ph hp vi mi trng pht huy ht u im ca phong cch , hn ch i nhng nhc im c th t c kt qu tt nht i vi cng vic ca mnh. i vi trng hp Steve Jobs cng tng t, vic la chn phong cch lnh o c on iu hnh Apple (giai on 1997 2011) pht huy c nhng hiu qu vt mong i v pht huy kh tt u im ca n. iu ny, gip cho Jobs tr nn ni ting vi phong cch ny. Trong phn ny, chng ta s tin hnh nh gi u v nhc im ca vic Steve Jobs s dng phong cch c on Apple giai on 1997 2011. 2.4.1. u im ca phong cch lnh o c on khi c Steve Jobs p dng Apple Th nht, phong cch lnh o c on ca Steve Jobs rt thch hp cng ty Apple, ni m tp trung kh nhiu nhn ti v mi mt (kinh t, k thut, nhn s) vi nhiu tnh cch kh lp d v c c tnh. S c on s gip cng nhn vin cng ty c c s tp trung t tng lm vic mt cch n nh.

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Th hai, khi cng ty gp kh khn (giai on 1996), hng ha ng nhiu. Tinh thn nhn vin gim st v b nh hng bi tnh trng xung dc ca cng ty. Khng kh lm vic cng thng c ban quan tr ln i ng cng nhn. c th gii quyt tnh hnh lc ny, yu cu ngi lnh o ca cng ty cn c quyn lc tp trung c gii quyt ht mi vn trong cng ty. y l iu kin thch hp Steve Jobs chng t c nng lc bn thn vi tnh cch rt ph hp vi phong cch lnh o c on. Th ba, phong cch lnh o c on ca Steve Jobs gip cho cng nhn vin trong cng ty c c s p lc cn thit hon thnh cng vic ng thi hn v t hiu qu cn thit, i khi to ra nhng thnh qu vt ngoi mong i. ng gip cho i ng nhn vin t c n nhng gii hn ca bn thn m chnh h cng khng th no bit c. Kh nng ng vin nhn vin ca ng khng biu hin mt cch r rng, m ch l nhng cuc tr chuyn mt chiu, l bt buc h thc hin cho c nhng tng ca Steve Jobs, d ban u nghe c v rt v l v kh thc hin. Tuy nhin, khi thc hin c, i ng nhn vin mi cm nhn c rng Jobs lun ng trong mi quyt nh, iu ny khin h thm phn thn phc v thuyn trng ti ba ca mnh. Chnh phong cch ngy cng gip ng c c s yu mn v tin tng ca nhn vin trong cng ty, khin cho cng tc ci t v pht trin Apple c thc hin nhanh chng. Th t, cch ng x ca ng khi gp chuyn kh khn l rt quyt on, nu khng phi ni l hi cc oan. V d, khi gp nhiu vn cc i tc sn xut linh kin, ng ra quyt nh ngng hp tc ngay lp tc ch khng cn i tc gii thch trnh by l do. i vi ng, hp tc phi da trn ch tn, nu khng hon thnh ng yu cu v cht lng cng nh thi gian s phi kim nh cung ng khc. iu ny gip cho cng ty c th y nhanh tin cng vic v hon thnh mc tiu trc hn v hon ton ch ng trong vic kim i tc sn xut. Cui cng, u im ln nht ca Steve Jobs khi s dng phong cch lnh o c on ti Apple l vic ng n nh c tnh hnh nhn s ca cng ty. Cng ty tr nn on kt hn, cc b phn c s n trong cng vic, gip cho mi tng ca Jobs tr nn thc t hn.

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Do vy, phong cch lnh o c on ca Steve Jobs khng ging bt k nh ngha no v qun tr hay lnh o. ng iu hnh tt c mi cng vic trong Apple. Tuy nhin, Stev Jobs ch thc hin cng vic theo cm nhn v suy ngh ca ring bn thn ng. iu c bit ny khin ng tr nn c bit. 2.4.2. Nhc im ca phong cch lnh o c on khi c Steve Jobs p dng Apple Vi cc phong cch lnh o khc nhau, u c nhng mt u nhc im ring, v vy cc nh qun tr cn c cch hn ch tc ng ca nhc im ln phong cch qun tr ca mnh. Vi Jobs cng vy, ng cng l mt con ngi nn vic gy ra nhng sai lm t phong cch lnh o ca mnh cng l iu tt nhin. Sau y l nhng hn ch ca phong cch c on khi Jobs p dng Apple. Th nht, vic p t nhng suy ngh ca mnh ln ngi khc ca Steve Jobs v a ra nhng quyt nh ca bn thn mang tnh c on m khng bn bc v tham kho kin ca bt k ai, s lm tng tnh ri ro trong nhng quyt nh, xc sut xy ra sai lm l rt ln. Th hai, vic Steve Jobs t a quyt nh v p t kin cho nhn vin khin cho h bt mn v kh chu v kin ca mnh khng c tn trng. Hn na, iu ny lm cho h cm thy nh lnh o khng hiu c tm t v nguyn vng ca h, t mi quan h gia cp trn v cp di ngy cng xa cch. Nhn vin khng cn hng th ng gp kin cho cng vic. Hu qu l cng ty b ph ngun tng sng to di do t nhn vin ca mnh. Th ba, vic i hi qu kht khe ca Jobs trong cng vic s to p lc ln ln nhn vin, khin nhn vin d xy ra tnh trng b stress, khng kh lm vic lc no cng y cng thng, nhn vin i lc s khng c c mt mi trng lm vic thoi mi, hiu qu lm vic b gim st. Th t, vic Jobs can thip vo tt c mi cng vic t vic ln nht n vic nh nht khin nhn vin cm thy kh chu, khng thoi mi. Hn na, vic ny cng lm cho ng khng c thi gian cng nh s tp trung cn thit gii quyt nhng vn quan trng. Cui cng, phong cch lnh o c on ca Jobs lm cho ng c tm nh hng qu ln i vi Apple n ni bt c mt thng tin no lin quan n ng cng dn n

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mt h qu rt ln i vi cng ty, chng hn nh sau khi nghe tin ng b ung th th ngay lp tc gi c phiu ca Apple gim xung nhanh chng

CHNG 3: GII PHP HON THIN PHONG CCH LNH O CA STEVE JOBS

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3.1. Mc tiu cc gii php hon thin i vi phong cch lnh o ca Steven Jobs 3.2. Gii php hon thin phong cch lnh o ca Steve Job trong cc mi trng ra quyt nh khc nhau v mt s bi hc kinh nghim 3.2.1. Pht huy u im ca phong cch lnh o ca Steve Jobs ti Apple 3.3.2. Hn ch nhc im trong phong cch lnh o ca Steve Jobs ti Apple PHN KT LUN