Kim tra bi c

Vit phng trnh ha hc biu din dy bin ho sau: (1) (2) (5) (6)

NaCl
(3)

Cl2
(4)
(8)

FeCl3
(9)

(7)

Fe(OH)3

HCl

FeCl2

Hiro clorua-axit clohiric-Mui clorua

I. Hiro clorua 1. Cu to phn t

2. Tnh cht
II. Axit clohiric 1. Tnh cht vt l

2. Tnh cht ha hc
3. iu ch III. Mui clorua v nhn bit ion clorua

1. Mui clorua
2. nhn bit ion clorua

I. Hiro Clorua
1. Cu to phn t (xem m phng)

2. Tnh cht
L kh khng mu Nng hn khng kh ( 1,26 ln) Ht phi nhiu vim ng h hp Tan nhiu trong H2O (1V H2O ho tan 500V kh

HCl) dd axit HCl

II. Axit Clo hiric: HCl 1. Tnh cht vt l 2. Tnh cht ho hc 3. iu ch

1.Tnh cht vt l

L cht lng khng mu

Tan nhiu trong nc

Nng bo ho khong 37% Bc khi trong khng kh m.

V sao dd HCl c bc khi trong khng kh

m?

2. Tnh cht ho hc:

Lin kt cng ho tr phn cc Tnh axit Ion H+

Tnh oxi ho
+1

H Cl
Ion Cl-

-1

2H+1

+2e

H20 2Cl-1
-2e

Tnh kh

Cl20

P trao i

2. Tnh cht ho hc: Tnh cht ca axit

a) Axit HCl i mu cht ch th: Qu tm b) Axit HCl tc dng kim loi ng trc hiro mui + H2

VD:

2HCl + Fe = FeCl2 + H2

c) Axit HCl tc dng oxit baz mui + nc

VD: 2HCl + MgO = MgCl2 + H2O

d) Axit HCl tc dng baz mui + nc

VD: 2HCl + Ba(OH)2 = BaCl2 + 2H2O

e) Axit HCl tc dng mui mui + axit

VD: 2HCl + CaCO3 = CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O HCl + AgNO3 = AgCl + HNO3
Trng

 Axit clohiric
- L mt axit mnh -Th hin tnh kh v tnh oxi ho

Ngnh y t Cht do P.V.C

Cao su
cloropren, hiroclo

Mui clorua
BaCl2, ZnCl2, AlCl3, CaCl2

HCl
nh g kim loi sn, m, trng men

Phn bn
NaCl, KCl, NH4Cl

CN thc phm

3.iu ch
a) Phng th nghim: Phng php sunfat

NaCl + H2SO4 NaHSO4 + HCl

2NaCl + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2HCl

b) Trong cng nghip:

** Phng php tng hp Cl2 + H2 2HCl ** Phng php sunfat

Bi tp 1 (s dng phiu hc tp s 1)

Vit 5 phng trnh ha hc khc nhau iu ch FeCl2 p n:

Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
FeO + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2O

Fe(OH)2 + 2HCl FeCl2 + 2H2O

FeCO3 + 2HCl FeCl2 + CO2 + H2O FeSO4 + BaCl2 FeCl2 + BaSO4

Bi tp 2
Ch dng kim loi no di y phn bit cc dung dch khng mu, ng trong cc l ring bit, mt nhn: Na2CO3 , HCl , Ba(NO3)2 ? A. Cu B. Fe C. Ag D. Na

p n: Fe
Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2 2HCl + Na2CO3 = 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O

Cn li Ba(NO3)2

Bi tp 3 (s dng Phiu hc tp s 2)
Hon thnh phng trnh phn ng, in cc cht vo ch ci: A, B, C, D, E, F MnO2 + ? A + KOH A + Cu D + KOH E + HCl
t0 t0

A + B + C
t0

F+G+C D E xanh + F D+C

p n:
MnO2 + 4HCl Cl2 + MnCl2 + 2H2O (A) (B) (C) 3Cl2 + 6KOH 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O (A) (F) (G)
t0 t0

(C)

Cl2 + Cu CuCl2 (A) (D)

(F)

CuCl2 + 2KOH Cu(OH)2xanh + 2KCl (D) (E) Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl CuCl2 + 2H2O (E) (D) (C)

Bi tp v nh:
1. Vit phng trnh biu din dy bin ho sau y:
(1) (2) (3) (4)

Mg MgCl2 MgSO4

Mg(OH)2
(5)

MgO
(6)

MgCl2
Mg(NO3)2