Ti liu dy hc: Nhit si Tnh axit ba z

Bim Sn 2009

I. SO TNH AXIT CA CC HP CHT HU C. 1. nh ngha. So snh tnh axit ca 1 s hp cht hu c l so snh linh ng ca nguyn t H trong HCHC. Hp cht no c linh ng ca nguyn t H cng cao th tnh axit cng mnh. nh ngha linh ng ca nguyn t H (hidro) : L kh nng phn ly ra ion H (+) ca hp cht hu c . 2. Phng php a. Vi cht hu c c cng nhm chc so snh ta xt xem cc hp cht hu c (HCHC) cng nhm chc cha nguyn t H linh ng hay khng: nh nhm chc - OH, - COOH): Nu cc HCHC c cng nhm chc th ta phi xt xem gc hyrocacbon ca cc HCHC l gc y in t hay ht in t: linh ng ca nguyn t H (hay tnh axit) ca cc HCHC c cng nhm chc c gc ht in t (Cc gc cha ni i , ni ba, vng thm, NO2, CHO, COOH.. halogen) cao hn linh ng ca nguyn t H (hay tnh axit) ca cc HCHC c cng nhm chc c gc y in t (Cc gc ankyl, NH2) V d: CH2 = CH COOH > CH3 COOH CH2 = CH CH2 OH > CH3 CH2 CH2 OH Nu cc HCHC c cng nhm chc, cng lin kt vi cc gc y in t (Cc gc ankyl, NH2) th gc axit gim dn theo th t : Gc cng di cng phc tp (cng nhiu nhnh) th tnh axit cng gim. V d: HCOOH > CH3COOH > CH3CH2COOH > CH3CH2 CH2COOH > CH3CH2 (CH3)COOH CH3OH > CH3CH2OH > CH3CH2 CH2OH > CH3CH2 (CH3)OH Nu cc HCHC c cng nhm chc, cng lin kt vi gc ht in t th linh ng ca nguyn t H (hay tnh axit) ca HCHC gim dn khi lin kt vi cc gc hyrocacbonsau : Gc HC c lin kt 3 > gc HC thm > gc HC cha lin kt i > gc HC no . Nu cc hp cht hu c cng lin kt vi cc gc y in t nhng trong gc ny li ch cc nhm ht in t (halogen ) th tnh axit tng, gim theo th t sau : Bin son: L c Hnh Sn Nam ng Sn Bim Sn Thanh Ha T: 0373761405
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Ti liu dy hc: Nhit si Tnh axit ba z + Cng 1 nguyn t halogen , cng xa nhm chc th th tnh axit cng gim . V d: CH3CH(Cl)COOH > ClCHCH2 CH2COOH + Nu cng 1 v tr ca nguyn t F > Cl > Br > I

Bim Sn 2009

th khi lin kt vi cc halogen s gim dn theo th t :

V d: F - CH2 - COOH > Cl - CH2 - COOH > Br - CH2 - COOH > CH3 - COOH b. Vi cht hu c khc nhm chc Tnh linh ng ca nguyn t H (hay tnh axit) dn theo th t: Axit V C > Axit hu c > H2CO3 > Phenol > II. SO SNH NHIT SI CA C HP CHT HU 1. nh ngha : Nhit si ca cc hp cht hu c l nhit m ti p sut hi bo ha trn b mt cht lng bng p sut kh quyn. 2. Cc yu t nh hng n nhit si ca cc hp cht hu c. C 2 yu t nh hng n nhit si l: + Khi lng phn t ca HCHC + Lin kt hiro ca HCHC . 3. So snh nhit si gia cc hp cht. Nu hp cht hu c u khng c lin kt hiro th cht no c khi lng phn t ln hn th nhit si cao hn. Nu cc hp cht hu c c cng nhm chc th cht no c khi lng phn t ln hn th nhit si cao hn. Cht c lin kt hiro thi c nhit si cao hn cht khng c lin kt hiro. Nu cc HCHC c cc nhm chc khc nhau th cht no c linh ng ca nguyn t H ln hn th c nhit si cao hn nhng 2 hp cht phi c khi lng phn t xp xi nhau. III. SO SNH TNH BA Z CA CC HP CHT HU C So snh tnh ba z ngc vi tnh axit Ch : + Tnh baz ca kim > amin bc 2 > amin bc 1 > NH3 > anilin > cht lng tnh + Tnh baz ca kim > amin bc 2 > amin bc 1 > amin bc 3 > anilin > cht lng tnh IV. CC BI TP P DNG V d 1 (H khi A 2008): Dy gm cc cht c xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn t tri sang phi l: Bin son: L c Hnh Sn Nam ng Sn Bim Sn Thanh Ha T: 0373761405
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> Ru.

Ti liu dy hc: Nhit si Tnh axit ba z A. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, C2H6, CH3COOH. C. C2H6, C2H5OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH. C cc dung dch ring bit sau:

Bim Sn 2009 B. CH3COOH, C2H6, CH3CHO, C2H5OH. D. C2H6, CH3CHO, C2H5OH, CH3COOH.

V d 2 (H khi A 2008): C6H5-NH3Cl (phenylamoni clorua), H2N-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, ClH3N-CH2-COOH, HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, H2N-CH2-COONa. S lng cc dung dch c pH < 7 l A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.

V d 3 (C khi A 2007): Trong s cc dung dch: Na2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, NH4Cl, NaHSO4, C6H5ONa, nhng dung dch c pH > 7 l A. Na2CO3, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa. C. KCl, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa. A. anilin, metyl amin, amoniac. C. anilin, amoniac, natri hiroxit. B. Na2CO3, NH4Cl, KCl. D. NH4Cl, CH3COONa, NaHSO4. B. amoni clorua, metyl amin, natri hiroxit. D. metyl amin, amoniac, natri axetat.

V d 4 (H khi B 2007): Dy gm cc cht u lm giy qu tm m chuyn sang mu xanh l:

V d 5 (H khi B 2007): Cho cc loi hp cht: aminoaxit (X), mui amoni ca axit cacboxylic (Y), amin (Z), este ca aminoaxit (T). Dy gm cc loi hp cht u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l A. X, Y, Z, T. B. X, Y, T. C. X, Y, Z. D. Y, Z, T. V d 6: So snh tnh axit ca cc cht sau y : CH2Cl - CH2COOH (1), CH3COOH (2), A. (3) > (2) > (1 ) > (4) C. (4) > (1) > (3). > (2) HCOOH (3), CH3- CHCl - COOH (4)

B. (4) > (2) > (1 ) > (3) D. Kt qu khc

V d 7: Trong cc cht p.O2N-C6H4-OH, m.CH3-C6H4-OH, p.NH2-C6H4-CHO, m.CH3-C6H4-NH2. Cht c lc axit mnh nht v cht c lc baz mnh nht tng ng l A. p.O2N-C6H4-OH v p.NH2-C6H4-CHO C. m.CH3-C6H4-OH v p.NH2-C6H4-CHO V d 8: Cho cc cht sau:
(1) C6H5NH2 (2) C2H5NH2 (3) (C6H5)2NH (4) (C2H5)2NH (5) NaOH (6) NH3

B. p.O2N-C6H4-OH v m.CH3-C6H4-NH2 D. m.CH3-C6H4-OH v m.CH3-C6H4-NH2

Dy no sau y c th t lc baz gim dn l A. (5), (4) ,(6) , (1) , (2) , (3) C. (5) , (4) , (3) , (6) , (1) , (2) B. (5) , (6) , (2) , (1) , (3) , (4) D. (5) , (4) , (2) , (6) , (1) , (3)

Bin son: L c Hnh

Sn Nam ng Sn Bim Sn Thanh Ha

T: 0373761405
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Ti liu dy hc: Nhit si Tnh axit ba z V d 9: Dy gm cc cht sau y u tc dng vi dung dch NaOH? A. C6H5NH2 ,C6H5OH C. CH3COOC2H5 , NH2CH2COOH A.H2NCH2COOH ; C6H5OH; C6H5NH2. B. H2N(CH2)2NH2; HOOC(CH2)4COOH; C6H5OH. C.H2NCH2COOH ; HCOOH; CH3NH2. D. CH3NH2; (COOH)2; HOOC(CH2)2CH(NH2)COOH. V d 11: Chi ra trt t tng dn nhit si : A. Ru etylic ; axit axetic ; metylfomiat. B. Ru n propylic ; axit axetic ; metylfomiat C. Metylfomiat ; ru n propylic ; axit axetic. D. Axit axetic ; metylfomiat ; ru n propylic. B. C6H5OH ,C2H5OH D. CH3COOH , C2H5OH

Bim Sn 2009

V d 10: Dy no di y gm tt c cc cht u lm i mu qu tm m?

V d 12: Sp xp cc cht sau theo th t lc axit gim dn: etanol (X), phenol (Y), axit benzoic (Z), p-nitrobenzoic (T), axit axetic (P) A. X > Y > Z > T > P. C. T > Z > P > Y > X. B. X > Y > P > Z > T. D. T > P > Z > Y > X.

V d 13: Sp xp cc cht sau theo th t tng dn lc baz: NaOH, NH3, CH3NH2, C6H5NH2 A. C6H5NH2 < NH3 < CH3NH2 < NaOH. C. CH3NH2 < C6H5NH2 < NH3 < NaOH. Th t tng dn lc axit ca chng l A. HCOOH < CH3COOH < CH2ClCOOH < CHCl2COOH. B. CH3COOH < HCOOH < CHCl2COOH < CH2ClCOOH. C. CHCl2COOH < CH2ClCOOH < HCOOH < CH3COOH. D. CH3COOH < HCOOH < CH2ClCOOH < CHCl2COOH. B. NH3 < C6H5NH2 < CH3NH2 < NaOH. D. NaOH < C6H5NH2 < NH3 < CH3NH2.

V d 14: Cho cc axit sau: CH3COOH, CH2ClCOOH, HCOOH, CHCl2COOH

Bin son: L c Hnh

Sn Nam ng Sn Bim Sn Thanh Ha

T: 0373761405
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