GII PHP PHT TRIN SY LA BSCL

K S Nguyn Th H C vn Cty TNHH C Kh Cng Nng Nghip Bi Vn Ng 1. M u: 1.1. Nm 2011 sn lng la ng Bng sng Cu Long ln n 23,186 triu tn. Kh nng t 25 triu tn nm 2012 v cc nm sau l hin thc. Theo nhiu bo co tng kt, tn tht sau thu hoch la v khi lng khong 1213%. Ngoi tht thot v khi lng n cn lm gim cht lng ht go, ko theo gim gi bn go trn th trng khong 12%. Tng thit hi l bi ton cng dn thit hi v khi lng v gi tr ln n 25%. Nu gim tn tht v khi lng v gi tr mc 10% hng nm BSCL cng tit kim c mc thit hi tng ng vi 2,5 triu tn la tr gi 12.500 t ng. Tn tht sau thu hoch la BSCL v khi lng v gi tr l to ln. 1.2. Do yu cu khng ch cc loi dch bnh, nht l ry nu, lch thi v gieo s xung ging cng ngy cng nghim ngt hn (trong vng 15 ngy). Bin php ny ko theo thi v thu hoch la cng tp trung tng ng. Vic c gii ha pht trin mnh trong ton b cc khu canh tc. Cc nm gn y s lng my gt p lin hp tng nhanh. S lng la thu hoch trong ngy nhiu hn trc, lao ng trong nng nghip gim, yu cu phi c cc gii php y nhanh nng lc sy la ti ng bng sng Cu Long. 1.3. S phn cng lao ng trong sn xut v ch bin la go hnh thnh: - Nng dn canh tc la s dng cc dch v phc v sn xut ngy cng ph bin. Sn xut nng nghip ngy cng c c gii ha hu ht cc khu vi trnh ngy mt nng cao. T khu lm t, gieo s, chm sc, bo v thc vt v.v... n khu thu hoch. - Sau khi thu hoch nng dn bn la ti ngay ti rung l ph bin. - Thng li la lm nhim v thu mua, vn chuyn, lm kh v tn tr la kh ch xay xt. - Nh my xay xt lm dch v sy la, tn tr la kh, xay xt ch bin la go. - Cng ty kinh doanh lm dch v kinh doanh la go. Cn phi lm kh la ngay sau khi thu hoch, khng nhit pht sinh trong cng c cha la. Sy la l khu quan trng nht gim tn tht sau thu hoch, v khi lng v gi tr.
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2. Nhu cu pht trin sy la BSCL: Xut pht t nhu cu ca th trng. 2.1. Th trng go ni a: Go ni a cht lng cao, yu cu p ng c nhng c trng nu sau: d nu, ngon cm, tn tr c lu khng thay i cht lng, c mi hng c trng ca tng ging la. Sau khi thu hoch, la c lm kh ngay, m ni ht 14%, la c tn tr bng bao l ph bin. La kh cht thnh cy ti nh my xay xt. Go cung ng ra th trng c xay xt t la kh. Cc phng php lm kh la c p dng, la kh t tiu chun tn tr m 14%. Xu th s dng my sy la lm kh l ph bin, cng sut my sy ngy cng tng, trnh c gii ha cng ngy cng nng cao. Trc y cc nh my xay xt go thng phm, cung ng go cho th trng ni a c cng sut thit b tiu chun l 2 tn la/gi. Ngy nay cng sut my xay xt t hiu qu kinh t, c cc ch nh my xay xt a chung, l cc h thng xay xt tiu chun, c cng sut 10-12 tn la/gi. Lng la xay mi ngy t 200 - 240 tn. H thng sy la, thch nghi cho tng dy chuyn my xay xt cng sut 12 tn la/gi, c cng sut mi m sy 100 tn la. 2.2. Th trng go xut khu: Khc vi th trng go ni a c gi 600 USD tn, go xut khu phm cp trung bnh v thp c gi tr thng 600 USD tn. Cng on ch bin go qua 2 giai on: a) Cng on ch bin go nguyn liu: Cc nh my xay la c m go 17%. Bc v tru sn xut go nguyn liu c m 17%. b/ Cng on xt trng, nh bng go Cc nh xay xt trng v nh bng go, mua go nguyn liu c m 17% thng qua cc cng on xt trng, nh bng, sy go, nh bng. Go qua qu trnh ch bin, ma st sinh nhit, m gim dn t 2% m tr ln. Nu go c m cao, h thng sy go dng nhit t than cung cp trc tip vo thit b sy go, a m go tiu chun 15% sau qu trnh ch bin. Ch bin go nguyn liu c m 17%, tn tr go nguyn liu lu ngy lm gim cht lng ht go.

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Quy trnh ch bin go 2 giai on, p ng c yu cu go phm cp trung bnh thp trn th trng v cnh tranh bng gi thp, trn th trng go phm cp thp. p dng quy trnh ch bin go t la c m cao 17%. Khng sy la, hoc sy la khng ng quy cch, m ht thc 15% l gp phn ng k cho tn tht sau thu hoch la v khi lng v gi tr. 3. Gii php nng cao nng lc sy la BSCL: Sn xut v ch bin la go l sn xut c iu kin: 3.1 i vi nng dn: Phi tng bc tin n sn xut la sch theo tiu chun Vit GAP, cho ra ht go an ton cht lng cao. Cn t chc cc h nng dn trng la theo t hp tc, ng nht khi lng la v ging, cht lng ht thc, sn xut ra tng l la c khi lng tng thch cc n v my sy, ti thiu t 10 tn, 20, 50, 100 tn d dng trong sy v tn tr la. Xut x hng ha c xc nh a ch d dng * Xu th nng dn bn la ti ngay ti rung l ph bin * Trong trng hp vo v thu hoch r, gi la thp, nng dn khng bn c la ti ngay, v cng khng c phng tin lm kh v tn tr la kh. Cn c cc dch v bo him la sau thu hoch cho nng dn. Bo him la sau thu hoch cho nng dn bao gm cc dch v sau: - Vn chuyn la t ng rung n kho cha la an ton. - Sy la kh ngay sau khi thu hoch, tn tr la kh an ton v ng quy cch Nng dn ch phi chi tr chi ph cc loi dch v ny sau khi bn la Gi tr tng thm sau khi lm kh la v tn tr la kh ng quy cch tr chi ph cho cc dch v trn. Cn c cc chnh sch v t chc, ti chnh, tn dng cc t chc nng dn lin kt thc hin x hi ha cc dch v bo him ht la sau thu hoch. Cn c gii php cm vic s dng cht kch thch tng trng, lm tng trng ht la, gy gy v v gim cht lng ht go trong qu trnh ch bin sau. 3.2 Cc iu kin quy nh i vi Cng ty kinh doanh ch bin go xut khu: * Vng nguyn liu. Mi Cng ty xut khu go phi c vng nguyn liu tng ng vi lng go sn xut hng nm. Vng nguyn liu ny phi thc hin quy trnh sn xut la an ton theo tiu chun Vit GAP. * Nh my ch bin. Nh my ch bin phi c thit b sy la v kho cha la kh cng sut tng ng vi lng la ca vng nguyn liu v tng ng vi khi lng go sn xut.
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Cng ty c th c nhiu v tinh lm nhim v sy v tn tr la kh vng nguyn liu Th d: Cng ty A c cp Quota xut 100.000 tn go/nm. - Cng ty phi c vng nguyn liu sn xut t 150.000 n 200.000 tn la. Vng la nguyn liu ti thiu 10.000 ha. - C h thng sy la sy c 150 n 200 ngn tn la nm v kho cha la kh tng ng. * Quy trnh ch bin: - Ch bin t la kh 1 giai on. - Nng bi trong nh my 2mg/m3 kh tiu chun. - m bo cc yu cu v sinh cng nghip v an ton lao ng. 3.3 T chc lin kt cc cng ty kinh doanh ch bin la go vi cc t chc ca nng dn lm dch v sy v tn tr la kh bo him ht la cho nng dn. Hin nay nng lc xt trng v nh bng go ca cc cng ty kinh doanh la go cho nhu cu ch bin go xut khu. Nhu cu cung cp go nguyn liu cht lng cao xay t la kh rt ln. Cc cng ty kinh doanh la go rt cn cc n v hp tc cung ng go nguyn liu m bo cht lng v ch ng v khi lng. S lin kt gia h nng dn, t hp tc, hp tc x dch v sn xut nng nghip vi cc cng ty kinh doanh la go tp trung vo khu lm kh la l v cng cn thit. Thc hin theo hng ny pht huy th mnh ca mi bn v trnh lng ph do u t trng lp. y cng l gii php tch cc gim tn tht sau thu hoch, tng gi tr ht go theo hng sn xut go sch, cht lng cao, tng nng lc cnh tranh ca ht go Vit Nam trn th trng. 4. T chc thc hin y mnh nng lc sy la ti BSCL: 4.1 Tp trung sy la hng ha lm nguyn liu ch bin go xut khu. Sn lng la BSCL mc 25 triu tn la. y mnh nng lc sy la cho ng bng sng Cu Long l mi t ph trong cc gii php lm tng gi tr trong chui sn xut la go. Vi 25 triu tn la sn xut ra, vn tn ti ko di cc phng php lm kh la nh phi la, sy la th cng v sy la cng nghip. Lng go xut khu hng nm khong trn di 6 triu tn ch bin t 10 n 12 triu tn la hng ha. Cn y mnh sy la tp trung vo lng la hng ha ch bin go xut khu ti BSCL khong 10 - 12 triu tn la/nm. Tng lung la cn sy 12 triu tn, phc v cho xut khu 6 triu tn go nm. Thi gian sy 120 ngy nm. Nhu cu sy 100.000 tn ngy.
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Cn u t xy dng 100 h thng sy la cng nghip kt hp vi kho tn tr la kh cng sut 1.000 tn la ngy. Tng vn u t 6.000 t ng. Gim tn tht sau thu hoch 5%,Tng gi tr ht la 5%. Gi tr tng thm 12 triu tn x 10%x5 triu ng = 6.000 t ng. 4.2 Gii php ti chnh T chc qu bo him la hng ha sau thu hoch Tng s la hng ha ch bin go xut khu cn bo him 12 triu tn Tng gi tr hng ha cn bo him 12.000.000 tn la X 5.000.000 /tn = 60 ngn t ng Cn to ra mt qu bo him tr gi 6.000 t ng Ngn sch nh nc trung ng, ngn sch a phng, vn kinh doanh t cc cng ty ch bin go xut khu trch t qu pht trin sn xut, qu hp tc x nng nghip, tin t cc t chc nng dn, t nng h v cc nh u t quan tm n lnh vc thit hi sau thu hoch la thamgia thnh lp qu ny. Mc tiu bo him 12 triu tn la hng ha BSCL l rt r rng v khn cp, nn phi c ch c bit v khn cp hnh thnh cho c qu bo him ny. Nng dn tham gia bo him phi t chc sn xut theo tiu chun Vit GAP. Ging v lch thi v phi tun th cc quy nh to ra lng la ng nht d dng a la vo cc my sy cng nghip m ln v tn tr d dng trong cc bao la cht thnh cy hoc cc silo tn tr la. i vi nng dn khng vn mua bo him la sau thu hoch, nng dn c vay vn u i t ngn hng nng nghip v nh nc h tr li xut t vn ngn sch. Gi tr tng thm trong vic lm kh la kp thi, tn tr la kh ng quy cch v vic trnh gim gi la trong thi im thu hoch r gip nng dn c kinh ph mua bo him la sau thu hoch. Cn thnh lp t chc iu hnh qu bo him la hng ha sau thu hoch di dng cng ty c phn nng nghip. Nng dn mua bo him la sau thu hoch di hnh thc mua c phiu ca cng ty c phn. Hot ng dch v phc v sn xut nng nghip c nh mc thu ph hp l c tch ly to ra c tc cho c ng m i b phn l nng dn. Hot ng ca cng ty ngy cng m rng. Sau nhiu chu k kinh doanh nng dn v t chc ca mnh tr thnh lc lng c c phn tr thnh thnh vin chnh thc ca cng ty. y l mc tiu chin lc trong cng cuc xy dng nng thn mi. Cng ty c phn bo him la sau thu hoch l cng c hu hiu phc v nng dn trng la. Cn c gii php thu ht vn u t ca cc thnh phn kinh t u t vo lnh vc sau thu hoch la.

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4.3 Gii php u t 4.3.1 u t 500 h thng my sy cng nghip 100 tn m 500 h thng my sy x 6 t = 3.000 t ng Tng cng sut sy ngy 500 my x 2 m/ngy x100 tn/m = 100.000 tn/ngy S ngy sy nm 120 ngy Tng s la c sy 12 triu tn 4.3.2 u t 2.000.000 m2 kho cha la 2.000.000 m2 x 1,5 triu ng = 3.000 t ng 4.4 Ti sao phi chn gii php sy la cng nghip Sy la l gii php k thut bo m cht lng ht thc l yu t quyt nh trong chui gi tr sn xut la go. Chn gii php u t phi nhn li ch ton cc, c bn v c tc dng lu di. ng Bng Sng Cu Long sn xut la hng ha ln theo hng c gii ha. Vic a my gt p lin hp vo thu hoch la tng nhanh, thay i c bn phng thc thu hoch la, t lao ng th cng sang s dng my mc cng nghip thay th sc ngi. Ngi ph n nng dn phi cng lng ct la trn ng. Cht lng la thu hoch bng my sch hn, ng u hn so vi cc phng php thu hoch khc. Thi v thu hoch tp trung, vo v thu hoch r, nhu cu sy la ln n hng trm ngn tn/ngy. Tng sn lng la BSCL ln n 25 triu tn. S lng la sy di 40%, khong 10 triu tn. Hu ht bng my sy th cng. Thit hi do trn 15 triu tn la lm kh khng kp thi v di 10 triu tn la sy , trong c la sy khng ng quy cch l khng nh. Ch bin la go l ngnh sn xut kinh doanh c iu kin. V tru hm lng SiO2 ln n 87%. Nng bi trong nh my sy xay xt la go theo tiu chun Vit Nam cho php l 2 mg/m3 kh tiu chun. Hu ht cc nh my xay xt v sy la hin nay trong lc vn hnh, nng bi trong khng kh trong nh my qu cao, vi phm v tiu chun v sinh cng nghip trong nh my xay xt ch bin la go. i vi mt s quc gia s dng go cht lng cao lm lng thc chnh, c nhng king k c bit, m ch c ch bin la go trong mt nh my cng nghip t chun, go cht lng cao mi vo c th trng ny. n nm 2020 Vit nam s tr thnh mt nc cng nghip. Cng nghip ha hin i ha nng nghip nng thn l nhu cu cp bch hin nay. Trong sn xut nng nghip cy la l cy trng c bit quan trng. Trong ton b cc khu to ra chui gi tr trong sn xut la go, khu lm kh la l khu quan trng nht. Hin i ha cng nghip ha trong cng on lm kh la ti BSCL va la ln nht ca c nc, phi sy la bng phng php cng nghip bi cc l sau:
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1) p ng c yu cu sy la s lng ln tp trung vo thi v thu hoch r, ch ng sy la, khng ph thuc vo lao ng th cng; 2) Cht lng ht thc ng u, trnh thit hi do lm kh la khng kp thi v lm kh la khng ng phng php; 3) Hiu qu u t cao, thit b bn, hot ng n nh, gi tr tng thm ca ht thc sau khi sy b p chi ph sy la. C gii ha trong canh tc v cng nghip ha trong ch bin nng sn l xu th tt yu.Th trng s thc y pht trin theo hng ny v s tuyn chn tn ti cc gii php kinh t k thut thch nghi v hiu qu.. 4.5 Cc vn cn quan tm 4.5.1 Ch to, lp rp, vn hnh Tng vn u t 6.000 t ng. Chi ph nhn cng 6.000 t x 20%= 1.200 t Lng bnh qun 1 thng 5 triu ng. 1.200 t: 5triu =240.000 thng lng 240.000 thng lng: (12 thngx 4.000 nhn cng) = 5 nm. Cn tp trung lc lng thit b, hun luyn cng nhn c kh, xy lp mnh vi trnh chuyn mn thch hp. Cn c cc gii php kinh t,k thut thch nghi hiu qu, t chc thc hin chng trnh ny. 4.5.2 Tm tnh gi thnh sy la Khu hao thit b 6 t: (120 ngy/nmx200 tn/ngyx10 nm) Li vay vn u t: 6 tx12%nm:24.000 tn/nm Cht t tru: 20 kg x300 Nng lng in 15 kw x12.000 Nhn cng 5.000 /tn Vt r mau hng + tu b: 6.000 ng /tn Tng cng Gi sy la: 4% gi la .Gi sy 1tn la 5 triu x 4% Thu sy la/tn Thu khu hao Tng thu = = = = = = = 25.000/tn 30.000/tn 6.000/tn 18.000/tn 5.000/tn 6.000/tn 90.000/tn

= 200.000/tn = 110.000/tn = = 25.000/tn 135.000/tn

Cn chn a im thch hp, nm trong vng nguyn liu, thun li giao thng thy b, t chc h thng thu mua vn chuyn la ti u, trong ton vng BSCL, mi h thng sy 100 tn/m hot ng t tng lng la sy t 24.000/tn nm tr ln .
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Mi nm mt my sy thu c 135.000/tn x 24.000 tn = 3,24 t ng Cn tp trung u t 200 h thng sy la 100 tn m trong 2 nm tng vn u t ln n 1.200 t ng. Nm nm sau ngun vn ny s to ra 300 my sy mi a tng cng sut sy ln 100.000 ngn tn ngy v hon li vn u t. y l vic cn lm v kh thi. Gii thiu m hnh sy la cng nghip

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