GII PHP CHO SY LA V XU HNG PHT TRIN M HNH SY LA NG BNG SNG CU LONG

TS. Phm Vn Tn Ph Gim c Phn Vin C in Nng nghip & Cng ngh Sau Thu hoch 1. Tnh hnh sn xut, xut khu v tn tht sau thu hoch la go BSCL ng bng sng Cu Long (BSCL) c tng din tch t t nhin khong 3,94 triu hcta, chim 12,1% tng din tch t ca c nc. N l va la ln nht ca c nc vi tng din tch gieo trng khong 3,86 triu hcta vi sn lng hng nm t khong 21 triu tn, chim 50% tng sn lng la ca c nc. Xut khu go trung bnh hng nm ca c nc t 6,5 n 7,0 triu tn vi gi tr khong 3,2 3,7 t USD nhng BSCL ng gp n 90-95% khi lng. Sn xut la ca BSCL trong nhng nm gn y c nhng bc pht trin ng khch l, ng gp quan trng cho an ninh lng thc quc gia v cho n nh kinh t v m ca Vit Nam. Mc d vy, tn tht sau thu hoch cn cao (13,7%), nht l khu phi sy (4,2%). Theo tnh ton s b, nu gi trung bnh ca mi kg la l 5.000 ng, th tn tht sau thu hoch hng nm ca BSCL ln n 13.700 t ng (5.000.000 /tn x 20.000.000 tn la/mm x 13,7%), tng ng 652 triu la M. Trong , khu phi sy chim ti thiu l 33% ca tng mt mt. BSCL c 3 v la trong nm, th tn tht trong khu phi sy ca v la H-Thu l cao nht. Ngoi ra, gi go xut khu ca Vit Nam lun thp hn ca Thi Lan t 30 USD/tn n 100 USD/tn ty theo tng thi k. Th trng ca ht go Vit Nam ch yu l th trng go cp thp (chim 85%) v thiu tnh n nh. V vy, i sng ca nng dn trng la BSCL cha c ci thin tng xng vi s ng gp ca h. Cng vi mt s yu t khc, nhng iu ny gp phn lm cho tng lai ca nn sn xut la vng BSCL cha c bn vng. 2. Mc ch v yu cu ca vic lm kh la Mc ch ca vic lm kh la n m ph hp l gim m v khi lng ca ht nhm hn ch s pht trin ca cc loi cn trng, nm mc; v gim cc hot ng sinh l-sinh ha ca ht gy ra s suy gim cht lng ca la trong qu trnh lu thng, tn tr v tiu th. Lm kh la n m ph hp (13,5% 14%) cn c mc ch lm cho ht la tr nn rn chc hn, c th chng chu tt hn di cc tc ng c kh nhm gim s gy v ht trong qu trnh xay xt. Mc ch ca s dng thit b sy la l, ngoi nhng mc ch lm kh k trn, ch ng lm kh la trong mi hon cnh thi tit nht l vo ma ma m bo cht lng ca la go tt hn v gim thiu nhng tn tht sau thu hoch. Chm lm kh la n m bo qun (9-13%) sau thu hoch hay la b ti m nhiu ln do s bin ng ca thi tit hay mc ma hoc b ngp nc c th lm cho ht la b bin mu, gim mi hng t nhin ca ging la (Tulyathan v Leeharatanaluk, 2007) v thay i cc tnh cht ha l t nhin ca ht dn n
1/10

gim cht lng ca go, gim t l thu hi go trng v go nguyn trong xay xt (Phillips v cng s, 1989 & Phm Vn Tn, 1998). Mt khc, theo Tulyathan & Leeharatanaluk (2007), mi thm ngon c trng ca ht go v cm ca nhng ging la thm s b gim nghim trng nu k thut lm kh khng t yu cu. m bo cht lng ca la go, la nn c lm kh n m ph hp trong vng 24 gi sau khi thu hoch (Gummert & Rickman, 2009). Ty theo mc ch v thi hn s dng m yu cu v m ca la sau khi sy cng khc nhau (Bng 1) Bng 1. m yu cu ca la i vi cc mc ch v thi hn s dng khc nhau m (%) <9 9 - 13 14 14 - 18 > 18 Mc ch/thi gian bo qun Bo qun hn 1 nm Bo qun 8-12 thng thu hi go trong xay xt cao nht Bo qun tm thi 2-3 tun H hng ht rt nhanh

Mc d nn s dng thit b sy ch ng c vic lm kh la, nht l v la H-Thu thu hoch trong ma ma, nu qu trnh sy khng m bo cc yu cu k thut cng lm tng thm mc tn tht. Nhit sy qu cao (> 45 oC) hay tc gim m ca ht qu cao (>2%/gi), nht l giai on cui ca qu trnh sy; hoc sy qu kh c th lm bin mu ca ht hay lm tng s rn nt ngm ca ht dn n gim t l thu hi go trng v go nguyn trong xay xt (Phm Vn Tn, 1998). V vy, m bo cht lng ca ht v trnh tn tht trong khu lm kh, la phi c lm kh kp thi v ng k thut. 3. Tnh hnh lm kh la v s dng thit b sy la BSCL 3.1 Lm kh la bng nh nng mt tri Lm kh la bng nh nng mt tri vn cn l phng php ph bin hin nay BSCL (Hnh 1). La thng c co tri ra sn hay trn mt tm lt mm v dy vi b dy lp la khong 5-10 cm v c cy o lp trn xung lp di khong 7-8 ln trong ngy. iu ny gip cho la kh nhanh v u hn. Nu phi la trn sn xi mng hay b tng, nhit nn sn phi c th vt qu 50oC trong nhng ngy nng gt v gy rn nt ht. V vy, gim nguy c rn nt ht cn phi c nhng bin php lm gim nhit ca ht nh che bt nh nng chng hn.

2/10

Hnh 1. Phi la huyn Tri Tn, tnh An Giang Nhng nm gn y nhiu thng li, c s xay xt, hp tc x (HTX) nng nghip v nhm h nng dn c nhiu c gng v n lc trong vic ng dng cc thit b sy khc nhau lm kh la, nht l la v H-Thu. 3.2 My sy tnh v ngang My sy tnh v ngang s dng l t tru l loi my sy ang c s dng ph bin nht BSCL (Hnh 2). Cc my sy ny thng c nng sut t 6 n 50 tn/m, vi thi gian sy dao ng t 12 n 48 gi ty theo m ban u v cui cng ca la c sy. Mt s nm gn y, gim s chnh lch m ca la sau khi sy, la hoc dng khng kh sy c o chiu giai on cui ca qu trnh sy (Hnh 3).

Hnh 2. My sy tnh v ngang, 6 tn/m chiu gi

Hnh 3. Sy tnh v ngang c o

Do phi gieo s ng lot n ry, mt lng la rt ln, khong 6 n 7 triu tn, cn phi c lm kh trong mt khong thi gian kh ngn, ch 25-30 ngy vo mi v thu hoch. iu ny gy ra mt p lc rt ln cho cng on phi sy la, nht l v H-Thu hng nm. Bn cnh , cc ghe tu vn ti la trong vng thng c ti trng t 30 tn tr ln. V vy, vng ny ang c xu hng trang b cc loi my sy tnh v ngang c ln, t 30 n 50 tn/m. So vi loi my sy thp, ngoi u im chung ca cc loi my sy tnh v ngang l c chi ph u t ban u thp, c th sy la c m ban u rt cao, thm ch t sng; u im ni bt ca my sy tnh v ngang c ln ny l c th sy chy mng mt cch hiu qu nn gim thiu c tn tht trong khu lm kh la,
3/10

c bit i vi v la H-Thu. Thay v phi ch i lu sy tng m nh i vi cc my sy c nh, y l nguy c ln lm ny mm ht v lm gim nghim trng cht lng la go; my sy c ln c th a vo sy cng lc vi lng la ln hn nhiu khc phc nguy c ni trn. gim lao ng th cng ang ngy cng khan him v t nhm gim chi ph sy, nhiu my sy c ln c trang b thm cc thit b c gii nh bng ti, xch co v gu ti (b i) np v tho liu khi my sy (Hnh 4). Cc my sy c ln ny thng do thng li qun l phc v cho vic lm kh la tp trung ngay sau khi thu mua la ti t nng dn. Mt s ch c s xay xt gn y cng t trang b cc my sy c ln ny nng cao cht lng lm kh la nhm tng thu hi go trng v go nguyn trong xay xt.

Hnh 4. My sy la tnh v ngang, c 30 tn/m ti huyn Lai Vung, tnh ng thp 3.3 My sy thp Hai nm tr li y, mt s c s ch to my trong nc c gng thit k, ch to v cung cp mt lng gii hn my sy thp c nng sut 40 50 tn/m (Hnh 5) s dng l t vi nhin liu l tru. Cc my sy thp ny u c nguyn l lm vic l tun hon theo m, vi thp sy c cu to bi nhiu ng dn hnh chp dn kh nng vo bung sy v thot kh m ra khi bung sy. So vi cc loi my sy tnh v ngang, cc my sy thp ny c u im l cht lng sy cao hn nh tng ng u m ca la sau khi sy v tit kim c nhiu lao ng th cng hn. Tuy nhin, nhiu my sy thp khng th sy c la c m cao v cn ln nhiu tp cht. Hot ng ca gu ti (b i) v s tun hon ca khi la xuyn qua cc ng dn kh nng hnh chp trong bung sy tr nn km hiu qu v khng ng u khi la c m cao v cn ln nhiu tp cht. Kt qu l m ca la sau khi sy khng c ng u. c gng gii quyt kh khn trn, mt vi doanh nghip BSCL gn y nhp ngoi mt kiu my sy thp tun hon theo m nhng bung sy c kt cu thnh cc knh dn rng ri theo hng thng ng (Hnh 6). V vy, n sy c la c m kh cao. My sy ny cng s dng l t tru. Bn cnh , nh c h thng kim sot cht ch nhit ca la trong qu trnh sy nn cht lng la c m bo v m ca la sau khi sy c ng u hn.
4/10

Hnh 5. My sy thp, 50tn/ngy Takayama

Hnh 6. My sy la Suncue hay

Mc d c mt s tin b nh vy, nu nhn rng ra ton chui cung ng la go ca BSCL th sy l mt trong hai cng on yu km nht so vi tt c cc cng on khc t lm t n xay xt. So snh mc p ng nhu cu trang b my mc trong canh tc la BSCL nh lm t (chim 95-100%), bm nc (95-100%), gieo s (85-90%), thu hoch (chim 75%; trong , my gt p lin hp chim 45-50%), bo qun (13-15%) v xay xt (~100%) th cng on gia l sy la ang chim t l rt thp (ch 38,7%) (s liu thng k s b t bo co ca 13 tnh thnh trong vng BSCL). Vic tht c chai ti khu then cht l sy ang gy ra nhng tn tht ln khng ch ti chnh khu m cn cho ton b chui cung ng la go ca BSCL. S yu km v cng ngh sy, s thiu thn v thit b sy la, thiu m hnh sy hiu qu v s lng lo trong vic qun l cht lng la go l ci ngun lm gim nghim trng cht lng v uy tn ca ht go Vit Nam trn th trng th gii. gim tn tht trong khu phi sy la BSCL mt cch hiu qu, c bit l v la H-Thu, cn phi c cc gii php ng b khc phc cc yu km k trn. 4. xut cng ngh, thit b v m hnh sy la cho vng BSCL Yu cu ca cng ngh v thit b sy la cho vng BSCL, nht l v la H-Thu l: phi bo m sy c la c m cao, nng sut v cht lng sy cao, m ht ng u sau khi sy, s dng nhin liu tru v c kh ha mc cao tit kim lao ng. Bn cnh , pht huy c hiu qu ca cng ngh v thit b sy mi, em li li ch thit thc cho ngi s dng v cho ton b chui cung ng la go, n cng i hi phi c nhng m hnh s dng thit b sy ph hp vi nhng iu kin sn xut c th ca BSCL. 4.1 xut cng ngh sy la v H-Thu Cn c vo cc c tnh ha l v kh nng bo qun tm thi ca ht la (Bng 1) v c tnh 2 giai on (Hnh 7) ca qu trnh sy cc loi nng sn, ko di thm qu thi gian sy la m vn m bo c cht lng la sau khi sy, trong thi gian ti nn nghin cu ng dng cng ngh sy 2 giai on cho la HThu BSCL. giai on 1, ngay sau khi thu hoch, la phi c sy n m va di 18% bo qun tm trong vng 2-3 tun. giai on ny, khi
5/10

m ca la cn cao, c th tng lu lng dng khng kh sy tng tc bc hi nc t ht la; nhit sy cng c th tng cao hn nhit sy bnh thng (45oC) nhng nn khng ch thp hn nhit h ha ca tinh bt trong ht (5579oC, ty theo tng ging la) m bo cht lng ca la, khng lm ht cm b cng sau ny. Sau khi sy ht mt lng la nht nh n m di 18% trong vng 2-3 tun, mi quay tr li sy giai on 2 cho m la u tin c bo qun tm trc y, t 18% xung n 14% hay m cui cng cn thit. Do m ca la giai on 2 ny thp d gy rn nt ngm cho ht, nhit sy trong giai on cui cng ny khng c vt qu 45 oC v tc sy nn ch trong khong t 0,5%/gi n 1%/gi. So vi giai on 2 (cui cng) sy n m 14%, mc d giai on 1 gim c mt lng ln m (t 26-30% xung 18%) nhng thng ch chim khong 1/3 n 1/2 ca tng thi gian sy cn thit cho c 2 giai on (Hnh 7). Nh vy, so vi cng ngh sy ph bin t trc ti nay, cng ngh sy 2 giai on ny va tng c tc sy, c bit trong giai on 1; va ko di c qu thi gian sy, tng c hiu qu s dng my sy v m bo tt hn cht lng ca la go.

Hnh 7. c tnh 2 giai on ca qu trnh sy cc loi nng sn 4.2 xut s dng cc loi thit b sy la ph hp nhm nh gi v khuyn co s dng cc loi my sy tnh v ngang c ln, trong khun kh ca D n Sau thu hoch La Go IRRI-ADB, Phn Vin C in Nng nghip & Cng ngh Sau Thu hoch (SIAEP) tin hnh nghin cu nh hng ca phng php/thit b sy ny (Hnh 8) n cht lng sy v cht lng ca la sau khi sy trong v la H-Thu nm 2010 ti huyn G Cng Ty tnh Tin Giang.

6/10

Hnh 8. Kt cu ca my sy tnh v ngang 50 tn/m ti G Cng Ty, Tin Giang Kt qu th nghim cho thy rng my sy c ln 50 tn/m vi kch thc bung sy l 15mx6,8m v chiu dy ca lp la l 90cm c th gim c m ca la ht di ging VND 95-20 t 26% xung 11,5 % trong vng 46,5 gi (Hnh 10). Mc d s chnh lch m ca la cc lp khc nhau c ln trong giai on sy ban u, cng v cui qu trnh sy, s chnh lch ny ngy cng c thu hp nhanh (Hnh 9).
30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 10cm 40cm 55cm 70cm 90cm

30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6

Do am cua lua (%)

Do am cua lua (%)

Vi Vi Vi Vi Vi Vi Vi Vi Vi

tri tri tri tri tri tri tri tri tri

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Thoi gian say (gio)

T h o i g ia n s ay (g io )

Hnh 9. S gim m theo thi gian sy ca la cc lp khc nhau ti cc v tr 3, 6, 9 v 4 ca bung sy (trn Hnh 7)

Hnh 10 . S gim m theo thi gian sy ca la ti cc v tr khc nhau ca bung sy tnh v ngang, nng sut 50 tn/m

Kt qu ca th nghim so snh gia cc my sy tnh v ngang c ln cng loi cng cho thy rng nu l t, qut v bung sy c thit k ng v b tr hp l lung khng kh sy c phn b u khp pha di y sn ca bung sy th s chnh lch ti a ca m la sau khi sy gia cc lp v gia cc v tr khc nhau trong bung sy s khng nhiu, ch l 2-3% (Hnh 9). V vy, cc loi my sy tnh v ngang c ln c thit k ph hp va p ng c nhu cu ca sn xut va m bo c cht lng ca la sau khi sy.
7/10

Do , trong thi gian ti nn khuyn khch tip tc s dng v nhn rng cc loi my sy tnh v ngang c thit k ph hp vi nng sut t 30-50 tn/m ti BSCL. Nhng my sy ny nn c trang b cc gu ti v xch ti vn chuyn la vo v ra khi my sy nhm gim lao ng th cng v chi ph sy. Song song , nng cao hn na i n t ng hon ton trong vic sy la v m bo hn na cht lng la go trong dy chuyn xay xt cng nghip theo hng hin i, trong thi gian ti cn nghin cu thm, kho nghim v nh gi loi my sy thp kiu knh sy la thng ng nh kiu Takayama hay Suncue c s khuyn co s dng thch hp hay pht trin v nhn rng nu thy ph hp. 4.3 xut cc m hnh sy la hiu qu Din tch t trung bnh cho mi nng h trng la BSCL ch khong 1,1 ha. Vi quy m sn xut nh l ny, u t my sy cho cp nng h s khng em li hiu qu. Mc d thit b sy tnh v ngang trng kh n gin, m bo c hiu qu ca qu trnh sy v cht lng ca la sau khi sy, ngi nng dn phi c nhng kin thc nht nh v sinh l ca ht la sau thu hoch, c tnh ca qu trnh sy nng sn, c tnh k thut ca thit b sy v cch vn hnh thit b sy ph hp. Hiu khng ng bn cht ca i tng sy v qu trnh sy; hay vn hnh thit b sy khng ph hp (nh nhit sy qu cao hay tc sy qu nhanh), thm ch cn gy ra nhng tn tht ln hn so vi trng hp lm kh la bng nh nng mt tri ng cch. trang b y cc kin thc ny cho tt c cc h nng dn BSCL l mt s u t ln v khng cn thit. Hn na, vic qun l cht lng la sy t hng triu u mi nh l l iu khng h d dng. cng l l do ti sao cc c s xay xt la go hin nay BSCL khng th mua la kh ca nng dn bng vi gi la kh do chnh c s sy la m h tin tng v kim sot c. Mt khc, xt v kha cnh qun l v hiu qu kinh t s dng ca thit b sy; hu ht nng dn khng th cng lc va lo sn xut la 2-3 v/nm va lo kinh doanh dch v sy la. V vy, d u t my sy c nh (4-6 tn/m) cho cp h nng dn ch sy c 8-9 tn/ha.v x 3 v/nm = 24-27 tn/nm, tng ng khong 5-6 ngy sy/nm, l khng hiu qu kinh t. Kinh nghim ca d n DANIDA trc y chng minh iu . Do , nng cao cht lng sy la v hiu qu kinh t trong s dng my sy, vic s dng my sy phi c chuyn mn ha v my sy la phi lm vic c nhiu ngy trong nm. V vy, vic sy la cn c giao trch nhim cho trc ht l cc doanh nghip xay xt, sau l HTX, cc thng li lm dch v sy la thu, v cui cng l cc t hp tc sn xut hay cm h nng dn. Nu cc c s xay xt la go c trang b my sy la, n khng ch em li li ch chnh khu sy la m cn lm tng thm li nhun c khu xay xt sau . Mt s kt qu iu tra ban u ca Phn Vin C in Nng nghip & Cng ngh sau Thu hoch (SIAEP) ti cc huyn G Cng ng, G Cng Ty, Ch Go ca Tin Giang v huyn Cng Long ca Tr Vinh cho thy rng: nh s phn nh thng qua qu trnh xay xt, cc ch c s xay xt nm bt c cng ngh sy v bit c cch vn hnh thit b sy sao cho ph hp t c t l thu hi go trng v go nguyn cao hn trong xay xt. Theo cc s liu iu tra cho thy
8/10

rng: khi trang b my sy v vn hnh my sy ng cch, thu hi go trng v go nguyn trong khu xay xt tng thm c khong 3% so vi trng hp cc c s xay xt ny thu mua la kh tri ni t bn ngoi. Ngoi ra, cc c s xay xt ny cn c th s dng mt phn tru t qu trnh xay xt sy la u vo cho chnh nh my. T 1/3 n 1/2 lng tru tha cn li c th c s dng cho cc mc ch khc nh pht in, t ni hi hay p thnh ci tru bn lm tng thm li nhun cho c s. Cc HTX hay thng li lm dch v sy la nu c lin kt hay lin doanh vi cc c s xay xt la go cng c th pht huy c nhng li th va nu trn. H phi m bo vi cc ch xay xt v cht lng ca la sau khi sy. Ngc li, nh tng c li nhun t vic tng c t l thu hi go trng v go nguyn nn cc ch c s xay xt s mua la kh ca cc HTX hay thng li ny cao hn la kh tri ni t bn ngoi. l mt m hnh lin kt lin doanh v sy v xay xt m i bn cng c li. Ngoi ra, nh c s chuyn mn ha v tnh nng ng trong thng trng m cc thng li thng pht huy c ti a hiu sut s dng ca my sy. Qua kho st cc thng li la huyn G Cng ng v G Cng Ty ca tnh Tin Giang cho thy, do c s chnh lch v thi gian thu hoch ca mi v la t pha Ty n pha ng ca BSCL v ca cc tnh Nam Trung b, cc thng li cc huyn ny c th tng thi gian s dng my sy t 150-180 ngy/nm. My sy c s dng khng ch cho v la H-Thu m cho c la v ng-Xun v v Thu-ng. Nh vy m cht lng go cung cp cho th trng c ng u hn sut cho c nm. Qua kt qu iu tra vo thng 03/2012 ti huyn G Cng Ty cho thy: Tng chi ph sy la bng my sy tnh v ngang c 30 tn/m l 150.000 ng/tn la (gm cc ph bc xp, t l, in, tru, khu hao thit b, li ngn hng). Tin sy thu thu c l 250.000 ng/tn la. Nh vy, li rng khong 100.000 ng/tn la. Nu tng vn u t cho mt my sy c 30 tn/m l 200 triu ng th ngi ta s thu hi vn sau khi sy c 2.000 tn la. Nh vy, nu thi gian s dng my sy l 150 ngy/nm v thi gian sy mi m ti a l 2 ngy, th thi gian thu hi vn l ch gn 1 nm. Trn y l 2 m hnh sy la ng b vi xay xt; v lin kt lin doanh gia dch v sy la vi c s xay xt cn c khuyn khch v nhn rng trong thi gian ti. thc y nhanh hn na s hnh thnh v nhn rng 2 m hnh ni trn, nh nc cn khuyn khch v buc cc doanh nghip lng thc thc hin nghim Ngh nh 109/2010/N-CP v kinh doanh v xut khu go c iu kin do Chnh ph ban hnh ngy 04/11/2010. Bn cnh , cn thm mt iu kin l tt c cc doanh nghip lng thc mun c giy php xut khu go phi trang b my sy c cng sut p ng cho nng lc xay xt ca h. Ngoi ra, Nh nc nn khuyn khch cc c s xay xt, thng li v HTX u t trang b my sy la bng vic h tr mt phn vn u t hay h tr li sut cho vay u t cc trang thit b sy. Hai m hnh ny khng ch lm gim ng k tn tht trong khu
9/10

sy v sau thu hoch la go; em li li ch thit thc cho cc i tc trong m hnh m cn em li li ch chung cho c chui cung ng la go BSCL. V mt lu di, pht trin bn vng chui cung ng la go BSCL ni ring v Vit Nam ni chung v m bo tha ng li ch ca ngi trng la, ngi nng dn phi lm ch tht s c ht la kh trong kho ca mnh. C c s lin kt cht ch trong lin minh gia cc nng dn nh l vi nhau v nm c ht la kh cht lng cao, ngi nng dn mi c th mc c v tng bc nh ot c gi bn sn phm ca mnh. S lin kt cht ch gia nng dn v doanh nghip trong m hnh cnh ng mu ln l rt cn thit. T , dn dn hnh thnh mt m hnh bao gm tt c cc khu t sn xut-thu hoch-sy-bo qunxay xt-cho n kinh doanh la go vi s tham gia y v tch cc ca ngi nng dn. y l mt m hnh sn xut la theo hng hin i v bn vng cn c nghin cu thm pht trin trong tng lai lu di. Ti liu tham kho Gummert, M. and Rickman, J. 2009. Rice quality. Handouts and References. Training course on rice post production, IRRI, Philippines. Pham, V. Tan. 1998. Effect of initial conditions of raw paddy on the quality of parboiled rice. Master thesis. Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand. Phillips, S., Mitfa, R. and Wallbridge, A. 1989. Rice yellowing during drying delays. Journal of Stored Products Research. 25(3), 155-164. Tulyathan, V. and Leeharatanaluk, B. 2007. Changes in quality of rice (Oryza sativa l.) cv. Khao Dawk Mali 105 during storage. Journal of Food Biochemistry. 31, 415425.

10/10