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n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh M U 1.
Tnh cn thit ca ti Trn th gii hin nay cng nghip ha cht c coi l mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip trng im i vi nhng quc gia mun pht trin kinh t theo con ng cng nghip ha t nc. Cng nghip ha cht cung cp nhiu sn phm ha cht phc v cho cc ngnh cng nghip v cho i sng dn sinh.S pht trin cng nghip ha cht trong nhng na cui ca th k 20 li nhng du n c bit t nhng sn phm ha du. Hin nay trn th gii, cng nghip ha cht oc tp trung vo pht trin trong nhng lnh vc sau: 1. Cc sn phm ha du .Kt hp c hiu qu gia khai thc du , lc, ha du ,ch bin kh to nn cc sn phm gc lm nguyn liu cho cc ngnh cng nghip khc; 2. Cc sn phm ha cht phc v sn xut cng nghip, bao gm sn phm ha cht c bn nh cc loi axit, xt, cht ty ra v cc sn phm khc nh cc sn phm in ha; 3. Cc sn phm ha cht phc v sn xut nng nghip nh cc sn phm phn bn ha hc v c , cc sn phm phn bn ha hc hu c sinh hc, cc loi phn bn hn hp v cc sn phm thuc bo v thc vt v kh thch tng trng; 4. Cc sn phm ha cht tiu dng nh cc ha m phm, ha cht dc phm, cht ty ra, sn mu, . Vit Nam, ngnh cng nghip ha cht cn nhiu non tr v ch mi tp trung pht trin trong khong vi chc nm gn y. Cng nghip ha cht ca Vit Nam ban u tp trung vo sn xut phn bn phc v nng nghip nh phn m, phn ln nung chy, phn Super ln, v phn hn hp cng vi mt s ha cht c bn nh axit , xt, v bc u quan tm ti vic u t cc nh my sn xut cc sn phm ha du.Sn xut ha cht ni chung v Sn xut Xt noi ring hin nay c nh nc u t quan tm (nh cc quyt nh 343/2005/QD- quyt nh 207/2005/QDTT v pht trin nghnh Cng nghip ha cht)v bc u t c nhng thnh tu ng khch l. Tuy nhin, bn cnh nhng thnh tu v kinh t -x hi do pht trin cng nghip l nhng vn v nhim mi trng ngy cng nghim trng. Mc d c mt s lut quy nh v vic bo v mi trng nhng hu ht cc c s sn xut ca nc ta hin nay c cng ngh sn xut lc hu, thit b c k gy nn tn tht nguyn nhin liu lm gim sn lng v gy nhim mi trng .Th nhng hin nay vn cn nhiu nh my sn xut cha c h thng x l nc thi, kh thi. Chnh v vy vic tm ra cc bin php thch hp x l cc cht thi v sm p dng chng vo cc nh my sn xut ha cht nc ta hin nay l rt cn thit, ng c quan tm c bit l trong thi i kinh t hi nhp nh hin nay. 2. Mc tiu ca ti Tnh ton thit k h thng x l kh thi HClnh my sn xut bia c cng sut 5000m3/h t tiu chun u ra TCVN 5939 2005, kh thi loi A.Gip cho sinh vin c c hi hiu hn v mn cng ngh x l kh thi c hc l thuyt trc v hiu su hn, chi tit hn v cc qu trnh, cc nguyn tc trong x l kh thi.
X l kh thi HCL v Cl2 t cng nghip sn xut NAOH cng sut 5000m 3/h Trang 1
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh 3. Phng php nghin cu ti 1.Tng hp phn tch tng hp ti liu 2. Phn tch, so snh v la chn cng ngh 3. Ly TCVN 5939 2005 lm c s ca mc cn x l 4. xut v tnh ton quy trnh cng ngh x l kh thi sn xut bia 4.Phm vi ngin cu ca ti ti trnh by ni dung chnh l quy trnh cng ngh x l kh thi (HCl+CL 2)trong cng nghip sn xut xt vi tiu chun thi t TCVN 5939 2005, loi B.Vi cc thng s u vo nh sau: Lu lng: Q=5000 m3/ngy m Nhit khng kh:300C Nhit nc: 250C p sut:p=1 atm
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh
CHNG I: TNG QUAN V QU TRNH SN XUT NAOH V DNG THI CA N I.1.Cng ngh sn xut Xt(NAOH) trong cng nghip Sn xut xt l mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip c ng dng cng ngh in ha ln trn th gii. Xt rt quan trng trong cc cng ngh v c, cng nghip giy, dt v cc ngnh cng nghip khc.Ngoi ra trong qu trnh sn xut c th sn thu kh Cl2 v H2, Cl2 c s dng trong sn xut vinyl clorua sn xut PVC; lm cht ty trng cho giy v bt giy; lm cht ty u v ngoi ra cn s dng cho cc ng dng clo ha khc na. Ton b dy chuyn sn xut xt (NaOH) l da trn phn ng in phn nc mui (nc ci). Trong qu trnh ny dung dch mui (NaCl) c in phn thnh clo nguyn t (trong bung ant), dung dch natri hyroxit, v hidro nguyn t (trong bung catt). Nh my c thit b sn xut ng thi xt v clo thng c gi l nh my xt-clo. Phn ng tng th sn xut xt bng in phn l: 2Na+ + 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2NaOH Phn ng in phn dung dch mui n l: 2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2 (iu kin: in phn c mng ngn) Sn phm xt clo c bt u sn xut trn quy m cng nghip t hn 100 nm nay. C ba cng ngh ch yu in phn mui n v sn xut xt l: cng ngh in phn bng in cc thu ngn, cng ngh in phn bng mng ngn v cng ngh in phn bng mng trao i ion. Hnh 1: S cng ngh sn xut xt v dng thi ca n (trang bn)
Quy trnh sn xut c hnh thnh t 3 cng on sn xut chnh gm: Cng on sn xut nc mui, cng on in phn v cng on c c. Cng on tinh ch nc mui Mui nguyn liu c hm lng NaCl khong 90%, cha mt s tp cht nh :Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, cc tp cht c hc nh t, ctgy nh hng xu n qu trnh in phn, lm gim hiu sut
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh ca qu trnh. Do vy, nhim v ca cng on ny l lm sch mui cng nghip t tiu chun k thut cho cng on in phn tip theo. Mui nguyn liu c ho tan bng nc mui thu hi ca cng on c c v c sc hi nng tng tc ho tan. Nc mui i t di ln qua ct mui t nng 310 - 315 g/l (gn bo ho). Tip cc ion Ca2+, Mg2+, SO4 2- c nh hng xu n qu trnh in phn c kt ta bng Na2CO3, BaCl2, NaOH theo phng trnh : SO4 2- + BaCl2 ---- > BaSO4 + 2 ClCa2+ + Na2CO3 ---> CaCO3 + 2 Na+ Mg2+ + NaOH ---> Mg(OH)2 + 2 Na+ Kt ta cng vi tp cht khng tan c loi khi nc mui nh thit b lng trong. Sau khi lng trong, nc mui c a ti khu x l nc mui th cp. Ti y cht khng tan cn li trong nc mui c tip tc loi b bng ct lc antraxit. Sau nc mui c trung ho, gia nhit v kh cc ion Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+ .... bng cch cho i qua ct trao i ion. Nc mui sau khi ra khi ct trao i ion c tinh khit rt cao s c bm ln thng cao v trc khi cp vo thng in gii. Cng on in phn Mc ch ca cng on ny l sn xut ra xt lng, to kh clo v kh hydr. Nc mui m bo ch tiu k thut t cng on nc mui c bm ln thng cao v ri xung thit b trao i nhit, ti y c nng nhit ln 80 - 90oC sau chuyn xung thng in phn. Ti y, di tc dng ca dng in mt chiu qu trnh in phn xy ra theo phn ng: 2 NaCl + 2H2O ----> 2 NaOH + Cl2 + H2 Xt sau khi ra khi thng in phn c nng 10% v lng mui cn nhiu do hiu sut phn hu mui khong 50%, dung dch xt long ny c bm sang thng cha ca cng on c c. Cng on c c Mc ch ca cng on ny l nng cao nng NaOH v tch thu hi lng mui trong dung dch xt. Dung dch xt long c bm cp vo thit b c c c ng tun hon trung tm. Ti y, dung dch in phn long i trong ng, hi nng c nhit cao i ngoi ng cp nhit lm bc hi nc trong dch nng cao nng xt. Mt khc, thu hi lng mui c trong dung dch xt, dng bm tun hon qua Xyclon lng tch mui. Dung dch xt t nng c lm lnh v a v thng cha. Lng xt v mui sau khi tch xyclon lng c a xung thng lc mui. Ti y, dng nc ra ht lng xt ko theo ri dng kh nn lng dch ra nn ra thng cha dch xt vo c c li. Lng mui tinh th nm trong thng lc c ho tan bng nc ri nh kh nn, nn sang cng on nc mui ho tan mui nguyn liu. Hin nay c nhiu cng ngh sn xut NaOH. im phn bit gia cc cng ngh ny l phng php ngn cn khng cho natri hyroxit v kh clo ln ln vi nhau, nhm to ra cc sn phm tinh khit.Gii thiu mt s ku bung n phn nh: Bung in phn kiu thy ngn: Trong bung in phn kiu thu ngn th khng s dng mng hoc mn chn m s dng thu ngn nh mt phng tin chia tch. Bung in phn kiu mng chn: Trong bung in phn kiu mng chn,
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh nc mui t khoang ant chy qua mng chia tch n khoang catt; vt liu lm mng chia tch l amian ph trn catt c nhiu l. Bung in phn kiu mng ngn: Trong bung in phn kiu mng ngn th mng chia tch l mt mng trao i ion Vi c im cng ngh nu trn, ngun gy nhim khng kh ch yu l kh clo ,H2 thot ra. I.2.Gii thiu mt phng php hin i ang dng sn xut hin nay:Cng ngh in phn vi mng trao i ion (membrane) Cng ngh ny c pht trin trong thp nin 1970, hin nay khong 13% sn lng xt theo phng php in phn M v 25% cng sut xt Chu u c sn xut theo cng ngh in phn vi mng trao i ion. cng ngh ny ngi ta s dng mng trao i ion tch cc ion clo v natri. a. S bnh in phn S mt bnh in phn hin i vi cng ngh mng trao i ion nh sau (nh my Celanese ti Frankfurt, CHLB c, ci to xy dng nm 2002, cng sut 200.000 tn /nm, d kin s i vo sn xut nm 2004, s dng mng perflosulfonic axit ca cng ty Aciplex):
- S cng ngh mt dy chuyn in phn thng thng trn th gii, p dng phng php mng trao i ion nh sau:
Nhng u im ca phng php mng trao i ion. - Ni chung, hm lng tp cht trong sn phm xt theo cng ngh mng trao i ion thng rt thp nh sau: Bng 1: Hm lng tp cht trong sn xut xt bng trao i ion Tp cht NaCl NaClO3 Na2CO3 Na2SO4 Hm lng (thng thng) di 30 ppm di 3 ppm 0,03% (trng lng) 15 ppm Hm lng (ti a) 75 ppm 5 ppm 0,05% (trng lng) 20 ppm
- Tng tiu hao nng lng thp nht trong ba cng ngh in phn: Tng nhu cu nng lng cho 1 tn xt sn xut thep phng php mng trao i ion l khong 3360 kWh - Sn xut xt c tnh khit v nng cao ( 33 35% )
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh - Khng c tc ng ng k i vi mi trng Tuy nhin, vic chuyn sang cng ngh in phn vi mng trao i ion i hi vn u t ban u tng i cao, c bit gi mng trao i ion kh cao. Cng ngh ny cn i hi phi x l nc mui rt tt t tinh khit cao trc khi a vo in phn.
b. Xu hng chuyn i cng ngh xt - clo trn th gii :
Hin nay, phn ln cc nh my xt - clo trn th gii, nht l Chu u, vn ang vn hnh cng ngh in phn vi in cc thy ngn. Nguyn nhn l v vn kinh t v vn, khng phi c s sn xut xt no cng c th u t dy chuyn mi, chuyn ngay sang p dng cng ngh mng trao i ion. Hn na, cng ngh in phn bng in cc thy ngn l cng ngh c vn hnh n nh, cho php sn xut ra sn phm xt vi cht lng rt cao, ng thi cc nh sn xut cng ngy cng ci tin cng ngh ny, p dng cc bin php gim ng k lng thy ngn pht tn ra mi trng. Ngy nay, lng pht thi thy ngn ca cc nh my xt chu u ch chim khong 5% trong tng s thy ngn pht thi vo kh quyn ti y. Cho n gia thp nin 1970 cc nh my xt - clo theo phng php in cc thy ngn vn c xy dng chu u. Thi gian hot ng c hiu qu kinh t (tui th kinh t) ca cc nh my ny l khong 40 - 60 nm. Tuy nhin, do tc ng ca cc quy nh ngy cng nghim ngt v bo v mi trng, trong thi gian 1982 - 1995, trung bnh mi nm chu u c khong 150.000 tn cng sut xt clo theo phng php in cc thy ngn b ng ca hoc chuyn sang cng ngh mi l cng ngh in phn vi mng trao i ion. I.3.Phn tch cc kh c th gy nhim t qu trnh in phn T cc s cng ngh trn ta thy d p dng cng ngh no sn xut Xt th u to ra kh Cl2 v H2 v vy mi nh my sn xut u tn dng thu kh Cl2, H2 to HCl hoc Cl2 phc v cho cng nghip. y ta chn phng n l kh thot ra t qu trnh in phn c thu gom li tng hp HCl. C mt vi ngun gy nhim trong qu trnh in phn. Do cc in cc lm vic iu kin chn khng thp, trong trng hp khng gi c iu kin lm vic th c th gy ra p sut v dn ti kh Clo, H2 thot ra ngoi khng kh. Ngoi ra cn c mt lng nh clo b thot ra do ly mu v khi thay in cc. Kh clo cng c th b thot ra ngoi ch cc van, vng n ca bm v trc ca my nn. Ti khu vc cho clo vo bnh hoc thng cha clo cng c th c clo thot ra vi lng nh khi cp clo hoc ly ra(i vi sn xut xt-clo) Kh HCl c hnh thnh trong thp tng hp HCl t H 2 v Cl2 ,kh ny c a sang thp hp th ti y acid HCl c c to ra do qu trnh hp th hi HCl bng acid long.Dng kh ra khi thp hp th c tip tc i qua thit b phun thu hi phn hi acid cn li.
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh Sau thp tng hp HCl kh thi ra cn cha hi HCl cn cha hp th ht mt lng kh Cl 2 cn li cng vi H2 v hi nc.Tuy nhin hm lng kh kh Cl2 tng i nh nn khng ng k nn kh thi chnh trong qu trnh sn xut l HCl. Cho nn ta cn c phng php x l loi chng(HCl+Cl2+H2)???? trnh gy nhim mi trng lm vic cng nh mi trng xung quanh. Phn sau s cp k hn v phn ny.
CHNG II.GII THIU CHUNG V KH Cl2 V HCl V TC HI CA CHNG II.1.Tnh cht l ha c bn ca Cl2 v HCl Clo(Cl2) l mt kh c mu xanh (khi m c) , mi c bit lm ngt th. Nng hn khng kh, d=2.49, d ha lng, 1 lt clo lng cho 458 lt clo kh. Nhn bit c mi clo nng 5ppm hay 0.016mg/l. D tan trong nc, 1 lt nc 10 0C ha tan 2.58l Cl2.D tan trong dung mi hu c,Cl2 d b hp th bi than hot tnh. Clo l mt nguyn t rt hot ng l cht oxy ho mnh n tc dng vi nhiu cht to ra nhiu hp cht khc nhau. Clo khng chy c, n mn mnh, ph hy cc thit b, dng c kim loi to thnh clorua. Clo ch tn ti dng nguyn t trong iu kin pH di 2. Axit clohydric (HCl) l hydroclo ha tan trong nc. Dung dch HCl c khi m nt chai thng bc ra khi trng, l kh HCl gp hi nc trong khng kh ngng t thnh cc git nh.HCl c dng nhiu trong cc nghnh sn xut khc nhau nht l xi m, lm sch b mt kim loi, sn nhum II.2. Tc hi ca Cl2 v HCl i vi sc khe con ngi II.2.1. Cl2 a. Tng qut Clo c th s dng di hai trng thi kh v lng, trng thi no clo cng u gy tc hi: -Tc hi ca clo lng l gy bng da, nguy him nht l l bng mt. -Tc hi ca clo kh nng cao cng gy bng nh Tc hi ch yu ca clo kh i vi sc khe l kch ng cc nim mc ng h hp v mt. nng cao Clo c th gy cht bt ng do ngng h hp v ngt, ph phi v bng ha hc. nng thp hn, clo kch ng cc nim mc v gy chy nc mt ho v co tht ph qun. Do c mi c bit nn clo c pht hin ngay tc khc, iu c s dng cng vi cc th nghim sinh l khc nghin cu phn ng ca ngi vi kh clo nng thp. b. Chuyn ha ca Cl2 (theo WHO) Do ha tan v hot tnh ca clo rt mnh nn khi ht phi clo n c hp th ch yu ng h hp trn, kh Clo gy tc ng. nng cao hn n c th vo su trong b ph qun ti cc v tr xa nh cc ph nang. Khi clo tip xc vi dung dch cc m sng ca c th n chuyn thnh axit hypocloro(HClO). Vi nc n cho mt s phn ng cn bng: Cl2+H2O=HCl+HClO (1) 2Cl2+2H2O=4HCl+02 (2) 3Cl2+3H2O=5HCl+HClO3 (3) S phn ly ca HClO l khng ng k ch xy ra di tc dng ca nh sng: 2HClO=2HCl+O2 (4) Phn ng c in ca hydro clorua vi nc:
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh HCl+H2O=H3O++Cl- (5) c.Kin thc mi v c tnh ca Cl2 Trong nhiu nm qua , ngi ta tin rng c tnh ca clo l do n gii phng oxy nguyn t hay oxy mi sinh theo phn ng 2 nu trn. Tuy nhin ,ngy nay ngi ta bit phn ng 2 ch xy ra nhit cao v vi s c mt ca mt cht xc tc l ng II clorua, iu ny khng th c c trong cc iu kin sinh l ca c th. Ngi ta c th kt lun rng khi tip xc vi clo, cc tc nhn chnh hot ng v sinh hc c lin kt vi nhau l Clo, HClO v HCl. Cl2 c chng minh l c hn HCl 33 ln. Ngi ta cho rng HClO vt qua vch t bo v tc dng nhanh chng trn cc protein ca bo tng bng cch to thnh cc dn xut nito clo ha, chnh cc cht ny ph hy t bo. Cc tn thng gii thch tc dng n mn v ph n ca Cl2 trn cc m sng. cng l c s ng dng ca cc cht kh trng l dn xut ca clo. Cl2 m bo kh trng nc hon ton vi nng 0.6-2.9 mg/m3, tr khi nc qu bn. d. c tnh Clo trn ngi Theo R. Fabre, nng v thi hn gy tc hi cho ngi ca Clo cho bng 1. Bng 2: nng v thi hn gy c ca clo (Cl2) Nng Clo (ppm) 1000 100 50 10 1 Thi gian chu ng c Rt ngn 5 giy 30 pht 60 pht Ko di Tc hi Nhanh chng lm ngt th Khng dung th c Rt nguy him Ph, vim ph qun C th chu ng c
Theo Matt, iu kin c th lm vic trong bu khng kh c nng Cl2 cho bng 2. Bng 3: Nng clo trong khng kh ni lm vic Tnh trng lm vic c th lm vic an ton C th lm vic nhng tip xc lu kh chu Khng th lm vic c Nng clo (ppm) 0.001 0.006-0.01 0.012 Nng clo (mg/l) 0.35 2.1-3.5 4
II.2.2 HCl Dung dch HCl d long cng bc mi kh chu v kch ng. HCl l cht ph hy, n mn rt mnh hy hoi vt cht.
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh HCl c th gy bng da, bng mt tn thng ng h hp. HCl lun lun bc ra kh HCl gy kch ng ng h hp. Khi tc dng vi kim loi v un nng cng bc ra nhiu kh HCl, c th gy vim phi ha hc. Theo kt qu ngin cu ca t chc y t th gii WHO ,HCl c th gy nh hng n h thng v gic , mt, da, mi, mm - Bt u nng 0.1-3.23mg/l thy c mi; t 2.83-12.8 mg/m3 thy mi r v t 8.3-32.9 thy mi nng - Cng nhn lm vic vi nng 15mg/m3 thi gian di c th b hng rng v bo v sc khe nn duy tr nng mc 2.9mg/m3 - Khng gy ung th HCl lm cho cy ci chm pht trin vi nng cao th cy cht.HCl c tc dng lm gim m bong ca l cy, lm cho cc t bo biu b ca l b co li.
CHNG III: TNG QUAN V CC PHNG PHP V LA CHN PHNG N X L KH C HI III.1.Cc phng php x l chung i vi kh thi cng nghip cc c s cn x l ti ngun cc phng php cn bn c th p dng l: -Pha long kh bng ng khi c chiu cao thch hp -Thay i nhin liu, nguyn vt liu thit b nhm gim nhim -Lp t cc h thng x l nhim (lng ,lc, hp th,hp ph,phn hy sinh hc..) III.2. C s l thuyt ca qu trnh x l kh c hi Gm 3 phng php x l chnh: -Hp th cc kh c hi bng cht lng(nc, dung dch..) -Hp ph cc cht nhim trn b mt vt liu rn(than hot tnh, than bn, than nu, t xp, phn rc..) -Bin i ha hc cc cht nhim bng qu trnh thiu t(t chy sau) hoc bng cht xc tc i vi kh thi -X l kh thi bng bin php sinh hc nh: -Lc sinh hc (biofilter); -Lc tay o (bioscrubber); -Lc nh git (biostrickling); -Thit b lc qua mng (membrane bioreactor); III.2.1 Hp th kh bng cht lng Hp th l qu trnh xy ra khi mt cu t ca pha kh khuch tn vo pha lng do s tip xc gia hai pha kh v lng.Nu qu trnh xy ra ngc li ngha l cn s truyn vt cht t pha lng vo pha kh ta c qu trnh nh kh.Nguyn l ca hai qu trnh ny l ging nhau. Qu trnh hp th tch b mt hay nhiu cht nhim ra khi dng kh thi(pha kh) bng cch x l vi cht lng(pha lng).Hn hp kh c cho tip xc vi cht lng nhm mc ch ha tan chn la mt hay nhiu cu t ca hn hp kh to nn mt dung dch cc cu t trong cht lng. -Kh c hp th gi l cht b hp th -Cht lng dng hp th gi l dung mi(cht hp th) -Kh khng b hp th gi l kh tr

Nguyn tc: cho kh thi tip xc vi cht lng cc kh ny hoc c ha tan vo
cht lng hoc c bin i thnh phn Hiu qu ca cht hp th ph thuc vo: S tip xc gia pha kh v pha lng Thi gian tip xc Nng mi trng hp th Tc phn ng gia cht hp th v kh thi Phng php ny c s dng nhiu trong x l SOx trong kh thi do t than, du v t l nu kim loi, kh hi H2SO4 t cng ng sn xut ha cht, H2S t cng ngh x l kh thin nhin v lc du, kh kh Cl2 t sn xut ha cht, kh NH3 t qu trnh m kim loi, kh cc halogen,CO2, NO2 v bi t cc qu trnh cng ngh khc II.2.2.Hp ph kh bng vt liu rn Qu trnh hp ph ph hp cho nhng trng hp sau: a.Cht kh nhim khng chy c hoc kh chy b.Cht kh cn kh l c gi tr v cn thu hi c.Cht kh nhim c nng thp trong kh thi m cc kh kh khc khng p dng c Hp ph gm hai loi: II.2.2.1.Hp ph vt l u im: -Hp ph vt l l qu trnh thun nghch v vy thu hi cht b hp ph c gi tr hoc hon nguyn cht hp ph bo ha ti s dng -Tc hp ph din ra rt nhanh Khuyt im: Lng kh b hp ph vt l gim i rt nhanh khi nhit tng v c tr s rt b khi cao hn nhit ti hn ca cht b hp ph II.2.2.2.Hp ph ha hc -Lng nhit ta ra ln hn nhiu so vi lng nhit c gii phng v th nng lng cn cho phn ng cc cht y trong pha kh -Tnh khng thun nghch v vy bn cht ha hc ca cht kh thay i khi gii hp Phm vi ng dng: ti sinh hi cn t kho cha ru, lc sch kh thi l t,kh m trong khng kh, kh c hi v mi trong kh thi, thu hi cc loi kh c gi tr ln trong khng kh thi. III.2.3.X l nhim bng qu trnh thiu t-t chy sau Lng kh thi ln nng chy c li rt b, c bit l nhng cht nhim c mi kh chu Nguyn l: t chy trc tip cc hi kh c cn x l to nn sn phm chy l cc loi kh khc u im: -Phn hy c hon ton cc cht nhim chy c khi thit b thiu t c thit k vn hnh ng quy cch -Tnh thch ng vi thay i nng lu lng kh
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh -Hiu qu x l cao -Khng cn hon nguyn -Tn dng c nhit thi Khuyt im: -Chi ph u t v vn hnh ln -Phc tp thm vn nhim khng kh do c cha then nhng hp cht ca clorin,nito, lu hunh..ngoi cc nguyn t C,H,O -Cung cp thm nhin liu, cht xc tc gy cn tr hot ng thit b. III.3. La chn phng php x l Trong 3 phng n trn, x l lng kh HCl do nh my sn xut Xt thi ra th phng php c s dng hn c l hp th v hp ph. Hp th hidro clorua bng nc c thc hin trong cc thit b khc nhau.Hiu qu x l ph thuc vo lng nc ti, trong thp m hiu qu c th t 88%, thp a 90-99%, thp a chop 98%. hp th HCl ngi ta thng s dng nc, dung dch kim NAOH, CA(OH)2 hoc Na2CO3 hp th HCl cho php tng hiu qu x l v ng thi trung ha nc thi.Phng php cho php tn dng HCl sn xut cc clorua kim loi: CaCl2, FeCl3,ZnCl2,NaCl..Phng php ny t hiu sut kh cao v chi ph u t v vn hnh mc cht nhn c. hp ph hidro clorua ngi ta c th dng oxyt clorua st, v clorua oxyt ng trong hn hp vi oxyt magie, sunfat v phootsphat ng, ch, cadimi to thnh cacsk phc vi hai phn t HCl v vi vt liu polime hu c, zeolitc ng dng lm sch kh c hm lng tp cht kh v hi nh. y cng l phng php ph bin thu hi hi dung mi. Tuy nhin, phng php hp ph cng c mt s mt hn ch: - Khi s dng than hot tnh lm cht hp ph s d gy ra chy n. - Chi ph ti sinh cht hp ph ln, cht hp ph thng t tin. - Mt s cht kh c kh nng hp ph thp, mun s dng phng php hp ph x l chng cn phi kim tra li. - Phi la chn cht hp ph c trng cho tng loi kh thi Khi la chn mt cng ngh x l cht thi th ta phi quan tm n mt s yu t sau: -
Cng sut ca trm x l Thnh phn v c tnh ca kh thi Tiu chun pht thi vo ngun tip nhn Kh nng tn dng cc cng trnh c sn iu kin mt bng v c im a cht thy vn khu vc xy dng Kh nng p ng thit b cho h thng x l Chi ph u t xy dng,qun l,vn hnh v bo tr
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh Nh vy hai yu t quan trng nht trong vic la chn mt cng ngh x l l hiu qu x l v Kinh ph xy dng v vn hnh bo tr, bo dng. T vic phn tch u v nhc im ca cc phng php trn v theo yu cu ca n: Cng sut l 5000m3/h, kh t tiu chun loi A:nng u ra 200mg/l(TCVN 5939-1995), hiu sut x l ca thit b chnh t c l khong 90% , v kinh ph nm mc chp nhn c i vi doanh nghip,ta chn thit b x l dng trong trng hp ny l HP TH.y cng l phng n hay c p dng hin nay, phn sau s cp k hn v qu trnh hp th trong x l kh c hi.
CHNG IV: PHNG PHP HP TH V XUT- THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH X L IV.1. PHNG PHP HP TH V CC LA CHN CHI TIT IV.1.1.Tng quan v qu trnh hp th Hp th l qu trnh quan trng x l kh v c ng dng trong rt nhiu qu trnh khc. Hp th da trn c s ca qu trnh truyn khi, c m t v tnh ton da vo s phn chia 2 pha(cn bng pha, khuch tn) C ch qu trnh c th chia lm 3 bc: - Khuch tn cc phn t cht nhim th kh trong khi kh thi n b mt ca cht lng hp th - Thm nhp v ha tan cht kh vo b mt ca cht hp th - Khuch tn cht kh ha tan trn b mt ngn cch vo su trong lng cht hp th Qu trnh hp th ph thuc vo s tng tc gia cht hp th v cht b hp th trong pha kh. Khi cht nhim t kh thi vo cht lng hp th cc phn t c trao i qua vng ranh gii gi l lp bin(mng, phim). Cc phn t i qua lp bin t c 2 pha, mt s t pha cht kh, mt s t pha cht lng Cng trao i ph thuc vo cc yu t tc ng ln h thng nh p sut nhit , nng v ha tan ca phn t. Cng trao i cht s tng nu gia pha lng v pha kh c din ra phn ng ha hc hay cc phn t kh khng th quay tr v khi kh khi c tc ng ca qu trnh vt l.Qu trinh hp th km theo s ta nhit v lm tng nhit ca h thng. Khi pha kh phn tn vo pha lng xy ra hin tng dn nhit lm nng lng cu t pha kh b gim. Hin tng ny xy ra l do s chuyn ng hn lon ca cc phn t kh lm cho cc phn t ny b xo trn t dn ti s cn bng nng lng gia hai pha.Nh c chuyn ng ny m s khc bit cc b v nng cht kh trong hn hp s c gim dn ngay c khi khng c s can thip ca ngoi lc nh quy, lc.Mt khc tng th tch ca h thng trong qu trnh hp th cng b gim do th tch pha kh gim. Trong thc t c 2 hin tng hp th: Hp th ng nhit: c tin hnh vi s gii nhit pha lng bng thit b truyn nhit b tr trong thp hp th. Nu nng ban u khng ln hoc khi lu lng cht lng ln th s thay i nhit ca cht lng khng ng k.

Hp th ng p:din ra khi khng c s trao i vi mi trng bn ngoi
C 2 phng php hp th: - Hp th vt l: c da trn s ha tan ca cu t pha kh trong pha lng - Hp th ha hc: c phn ng ha hc gia cht b hp th v cht hp th. Lc ny hiu nng b mt phn chia pha tng, vn tc hp th ha hc tng hn khi hp th vt l.Vn tc phn ng ha hc cng tng th vn tc hp th ha hc cng tng. Phn loi thit b hp th: Bung phun, thp phun. Thit b hp th kiu si bt. Thit b sc kh. Thit b hp th kiu c lp m bng vt liu rng. S dng ph bin nht l kiu th 4 v c hiu sut cao do coa b mt tip xc lng-kh l cao nht. IV.1.2. Cc loi thp hp th Thit b hp th c chc nng to ra b mt tip xc gia hai pha kh v lng cng ln cng tt, c nhiu dng thp hp th: 1. Thp phun: L thp c c cu phun cht lng bng c hc hay bng p sut trong cht lng c phun thnh nhng git nh trong th tch rng ca thit b v cho dng kh i qua.Thp phun c s dng khi yu cu tr lc b v kh c cha ht rn. 2. Thp si bt: Kh c cho qua tm c l bn trn c cha lp nc mng 3. Thp sc kh :Kh c phn tn di dng cc bong bong i qua lp cht lng. Qu trnh phn tn kh c th thc hin bng cch cho kh i qua tm xp, tm c l hoc bng cch khuy c hc. 4. Thp m: cht lng c ti trn lp m rng v chy xung di to ra b mt t ca lp m dng kh tip xc khi i t di ln. Thp m thng c s dng khi nng sut nh, mi trng n mn, t l lng/kh ln, kh khng cha bi v hp th khng to ra cn lng.Cc vt liu m trong thp c th l :cc vng snh s, g, vn than cc, dm..nhm tng din tch tip xc hai pha 5. Thp a: cho php vn tc kh ln nn ng knh thp tng i nh, kinh t hn nhng thp khc. c s dng khi nng sut ln, lu lng lng nh v mi trng khng n mn Thp hp th phi tha mn nhng yu cu sau: Hiu qu v c kh nng cho kh i qua, tr lc thp(<3000Pa), kt cu n gin v vn hnh thun tin,khi lng nh, khng b tc nghn bi cn sinh ra trong qu trnh hp th.
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh Khi ng thi hp th nhiu kh, vn tc hp th ca mi kh b gim xung.Kh hp th ha hc trong thp xut hin i lu b mt, ngha l trn b mt phn chia pha xut hin dng i lu cng bc thc y qu trnh truyn khi. IV.1.3.Dung mi hp th:
Bng 4 : Cc loi dung mi thng s dng Loi kh SO2 Oxit Nito H2S CO2 Hoi HCl CO Cht hp th Nc, dung dch Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2, NaOH, Nc, dung dch Na2SO3, Ca(OH)2, NaOH, Na2CO3, CaCO3, Mg(OH)2 Dung dch nc Na2CO3 + Na3AsO4(Na2HaSO3); Dung dch nc AsO3 (8 10 g/l) + NH3 (1.2 1.5 g/l) Dung dch nc Na2CO3, K2CO3, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, NH4(OH), etanolamin RNH2, R2NH4 Nc, dung dch NaOH, KOH,Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3, K2CO3 Nit lng, dd [Cu(NH3)n], COCH
IV.4. Vt liu m thng dng trong thp Bng 5 : Cc vt liu dng trong thp m Dng m m bng s Kch thc m, mm 20 x 20 x 2,0 B mt ring, m2/m3 240 Th tch t do, m3/m3 0,73 Khi lng ring kg/m3 650
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh 600 25 x 25 x 3,0 30 x 30 x 3,5 50 x 50 x 5,0 42(56,8 x 40,8 x 29) 43,6 (52 x 40,3 x 35,5) 10 x 1000 bc 10 10 x 100 bc 20 195 165 95 0,75 0,76 0,79 500 dm Cc dng cc 80 77 100 65 0,388 0,56 0,55 0,68 455 210 145 570
m v g
IV.1.5. Cc yu t nh hng n hiu qu hp th a.nh hng ca nhit Khi cc iu kin khc khng i m nhit thp tng th h s Henry s tng.Kt qu l nh hng ng cn bng dch chuyn v pha trc tung. Nu ng lm vic khng i th ng lc trung bnh s gim, s a l thuyt s tng v chiu cao thit b s tng.Thm ch c khi thp khng lm vic c v nhit tng qu so vi yu cu k thut. Nhng nhit tng cng c li l lm cho nht c 2 pha kh v lng tng. b.nh hng ca p sut Nu cc iu kin khc gi nguyn m ch tng p sut trong thp th h s cn bng s tng v cn bng s dch chuyn v pha trc honh. Khi ng lm vic khng i dn n ng lc trung bnh tng qu trnh truyn khi s tt hn v th s a l thuyt s gim lm chiu cao ca thp thp hn. Tuy nhin, vic tng p sut thng km theo vic tng nhit , mt khc s tng p sut cng gy kh khn trong vic ch to v vn hnh ca thp hp th. c.Cc yu t khc Tnh cht ca dung mi, loi thit b, cu to thit b, chnh xc ca dng c o, ch vn hnh thpu c nh hng nhiu n hiu sut hp th. IV.2. CC PHNG N X L KH HCl V Cl2 BNG PHNG PHP HP TH IV.2.1.Mt s yu cu i vi dung dch hp th: C tnh cht ha tan chn lc; C nht thp; Khng to thnh kt ta;
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh Khng gy n mn thit b; Khng c hi i vi ngi. IV.2.2. Hp th bng huyn ph CaCO3, sa vi, NAOH Vi CaCO3: Ca(OH)2+ 2Cl2= Ca(OCl)2+ CaCl2+ 2 H2O Phn ng trn xy ra trong mi trng kim v cho ra cc cht canxi hypoclorit, canxi clorua v nc Ca(OCl)2+4HCl=CaCl2+4 HClO Ca(OCl)2+2HCl= CaCl2+2 H2O Vi NAOH: NAOH+ HCl=NaCl+H2O Na2CO3+ HCl=NaCl+CO2+H2O u im: -R, cc cht d kim( i vi CaCO3) -Khng cn chng n mn thit b k lng v mi trng kim -Dng dung dch NAOH v Na2CO3 hiu qu tng n 98% Nhc im: -Hiu qu x l khng cao, d b ng cn gy tc nghn ng ng -Dng dung dch dch hp th l NAOH l kh t. S Cng Ngh x l kh HCl bng dung mi hp th l NAOH:
Scurrbo lc bi
4
1
Dung dch sau x l Trong : 1. Scrrub (thp m)

2. Thng cha dung dch dng
3. Thng x l dung dch trc khi x ra mi trng 4. Bnh cha dung dch mi 5. Bm dung dch hp th vo thp m
Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ng:
Kh thi c x l trong thp m 1 bng cch cho kh thi i t di ln v dung dch hp th NAOH t trn xung (4). Qua qu trnh tip xc vi nhau nh lp m bn trong thp m qu trnh hp th xy ra, sau qu trnh ny th kh sau x l qua thp. Dung dch sau hp th chy xung di thp v c a qua thng cha 2 sau c qua b 3 . Ti b ny dung dch c x l trc khi thi ra mi trng.Trong qu trnh cp dung dch ti bnh s 4 ta c th tuy tng trng hp m hi lu mt phn dung dch sau hp th ti bnh s 2 cng vi dung dch mi nh bm s 5 cp cho qu trnh hp th xy ra trong thp.Qu trnh hp th c th t hiu qu x l n 98% nu vn hnh tt h thng. IV.2.3. Hp th bng phng php Acid Phng php ny c s dng nhiu khi trong kh thi ngoi clo v hidro clorua cn cha nhiu kh sunfua dioxyt u im: Phng php acid cho kh nng hp th ng thi clo v sunfua dioxyt Nhc im: vn hnh tn km do km theo x l thm hdro sunfua IV.2.4.Hp th kh HCl bng Nc
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh u im: -HCl tan nhiu trong nc(1 th tch nc c th ha tan c 500 th tch kh HCl) -Nc l dung mi r tin, d s dng, d kim v khng gy c hi Nhc im: -To sng m cc git acid lng m vic thu hi li t hiu qu khng cao. -Cn ch to thp hp th vi vt liu chng tnh n mn ca acid.
S Cng Ngh x l kh HCl bng dung mi hp th l Nc:
Bn cao v
Qut
ng khi
Kh vo
Scub lc bi
Thp hp th
Bi Bn cha
Bm B trung ha
Cng trnh x l nc thi
Nc
B cha
Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh Kh thi HCl t qu trnh in phn v cc giai on thu gom, tng hp HCl trong thp c gom li v i vo Scub lc b bi. Sau c a qua thp hp th. Nc t b cha c a ln bn cao v chy vo thp hp th. Nc c a vo thp hp th qua b phn phn phi lng phi thm t ton b vt chim tp xc vi kh thi HCl i t di ln.Ti lp vt liu m trong thp s xy ra qu trnh hp th kh thi vo trong dung mi l nc. Do hiu sut hp th ca thp hp th ch t n 90% nn khong 10% lng kh thi s thot ra ngoi qua qut ht i vo ng khi thi ra kh quyn vi tiu chun thi c cho php. 90% kh thi c hp th vo nc thnh dung dch acid clohydric, dn dung dch qua b trung ha cho hon lu tr li thp hp th, phn cn li cho qua h thng x l nc thi ca nh my. IV.3. XUT V THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH X L KH HCl IV.3.1. Yu cu thit k Cc s liu ban u cho tht k: 1. Lu lng 5000m3/ngy 2. Nhit pha kh: 350C 3. Nhit nc: 250C 4. p sut kh quyn :1at Yu cu thit k: 1. Thit k h thng x l kh thi HCl t nh my sn xut NAOH. 2. t tiu chun TCVN 5939-2005(ct A). 3. t cc ch tiu kinh t mc ti thiu nht c th. IV.3.2. xut s cng ngh x l kh thi HCl: Do u im ca qu trnh hp th bng dung dch hp th l nc nh trnh by trn v bi cho bit nng bi l khng ng kt nn quy trnh x l HCl tng t s trn ch khc l khng c h thng x l bi nh vy s tit kim c chi ph v c xut nh sau:
Bn cao v
Qut
ng khi
Thp hp th
Bn cha Bm B trung ha
Cng trnh x l nc thi
Nc
B cha
IV.3.3. Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh: Tng t nh s hp th HCl bng nc trn ch khc mt iu l kh thi khng cn qua Scubo loi bi m i thng vo thp hp th x l.
CHNG V: TNH TON THIT B V CC CNG TRNH PH TR
A.Tnh ton lu lng nc ti vo thp Tnh ton cc thng s u vo v u ra: - lu lng khi lng ca hn hp kh u vo thit b Gd = Vo* o M
0 =
M (1 y d ) MA * yd + B 22,4 22,4 yd MA yd 1 yd + MA MB
Li c: y d =
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh Vi: Vo :th tch pha kh (lu lng) o : khi lng ring ca hn hp MA;MB :khi lng phn t ca cc cu t trong hn hp kh yd:nng phn mol ca cu t phn tn trong hn hp u vo thit b y d : nng phn khi lng ca cu t phn tn trong hn hp kh u vo thit b,cho y d =0,1 T ta c: 0,1 36,5 yd = = 0,081 (Kmol HCl/Kmol hn hp kh) 0,1 1 0,1 + 36,5 29
0 =
36,5 29 * (1 0,081) * 0,081 + = 1,322 (kg/m3) 22,4 22,4 5000 * 1,322 = 1,836( kg / s) 3600 Lu lng cu t phn tn:
Gd =
GAd = Gd * y d =1,836* 0,1 =0,184(kg/s) GBd = Gd * (1- y d ) = 1,836 *(1-0,1)=1,625(kg/s) Do hiu sut hp th ca thp l 90% nn khi lng HCL c hp th bi nc l : GHCl = GAd * 0,9 =0,184 * 0,9 =0,166(kg/s) Khi lng HCL trong hn hp kh u ra: GAc = GAd - GHCl = 0,184 0,166 =0,018(kg/s) Tng lng kh u ra:
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh GBc = GBd + GAc = 1,652 0,018 = 1,670(kg/s) -T s phn khi lng Hcl u vo: Yd = G Ad 0,184 = = 0,111( kgHCl / Kgkk ) G Bd 1,652
-T s phn khi lng Hcl u ra: Yd = G Ac 0,018 = = 0,011(kgHCl / Kgkk ) G Bd 1,652
Xc nh lu lng khi lng pha lng: tnh bng phng php th,trn th ta dng ng cn bng v ng lm vic ca qu trnh hp th: a)phng trnh ng cn bng c dng: M H X Y* = A * * H (1) MB P MA + X * (1 ) MC P Vi: Mc :khi lng phn t ca nc P: p sut tuyt i trong thit b H: hng s henrry theo nhit Nng ti a HCl trong ct lng c th xc nh t phng trnh (1), 300C hng s henrry HCl = 2200(mmHg) Ycb = Yd = 0,111 = 36,5 2200 X Max * * 2200 29 760 36,5 + X Max * (1 ) 18 760
__
X Max = 0,058 (Kg HCl/Kg H2O) Cho X thay i trong khong t 0 cho n 0,06 vi bc nhy 0,005 ta dng ng cn bng -xt s thay i nhit gia u vo v u ra ca kh HCl ta xt n hiu ng nhit:
Lng nng lng m cht lng hp th :L*c*(tc-td)
Trong :
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh L:lu lng cht lng(kg/s) C:nhit dung ring ca nc(c=4,19kJ/kg-k) td,tc :nhit u v cui ca nc
Lng kh ha tan trong cht lng: L*q*( X c X d )
Trong : q: hiu ng nhit hp th ca HCl trong nc(KJ/kg) phng trnh cn bng nhit lng: L*c*(tc-td) = : L*q*( X c X d ) tc = td + q (X c X d ) c
Nhit cht lng tc ng vi nng X c c xc nh theo phng trnh cn bng nhit lng: VD: khong u tin vi td=300c , X c =0,005 , X d =0 1,925 * 10 3 t c = 30 + * (0,005 0) = 32,30 c 4,19 Nhit trung bnh ca cht lngtrong khong thay i nng trn l: t tb = t d + t c 30 + 32,3 = = 31,15 2 2
0
nhit ny ta suy ra H=2230 mmHg v t cng thc (1) ta tnh c nng cn bng: Y cb = 36,5 2230 0,005 * * = 0,0091(kgHCl / Kgkk ) 2230 29 760 36,5 + 0,005 * (1 ) 18 760
Tnh tng t cho cc khong tip theo ta c bng s liu sau:
Bng 6: Nng HCl Q*103 Nhit cht hp th(oc)
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Xd 0 0,005 0,01 0,015 0,02 0,025 0,03 0,035 0,04 0,045 0,05 0,055 Xc 0,005 0,01 0,015 0,02 0,025 0,03 0,035 0,04 0,045 0,05 0,055 0,06 X tb 0,0025 0,0075 0,0125 0,0175 0,0225 0,0275 0,0325 0,0375 0,0425 0,0475 0,0525 0,0575 (kJ/Kg) 1,925 1,922 1,919 1,916 1,912 1,91 1,906 1,903 1,9 1,898 1,896 1,893 td 30 32,2 34,6 36,9 39,2 41,4 43,7 46 48,3 50,5 52,8 55,1 tc 32,2 34,6 36,9 39,2 41,4 43,7 46 48,3 50,5 52,8 55,1 57,3 t tb 31,1 33,4 35,7 38 40,3 42,6 44,9 47,1 49,4 51,7 54 56,2 H(mmHg) 2230 2238 2250 2260 2270 2275 2280 2284 2289 2293 2298 2304 Y 0,0091 0,0185 0,028 0,0376 0,0475 0,0574 0,0675 0,0777 0,0881 0,0985 0,0110 0,120
T ta dng ng cn bng theo quan h: Y = f(x) Y t bng 0,0091 n 0,127 X t bng 0,005 n 0,058 b)phng trnh ng lm vic: i qua 2 im + A( X d , Y c ) => A(0;0,011) +B( X c ; Y d ) Vi Y d =0,111,im B l giao im ca ng cn bng v ng lm vic.v vy ta dng ng lm vic ca qu trnh hp th ti thiu min (mmin) Y d =0,111 da vo phng trnh ng lm vic ta xc nh c X * = 0,056(kgHCl/kgH2O) mmin = tg min = Y d Yc X Xd
*
tnh cho c X =0 v Y =0
0,111 0,011 = 1,790(kgHCl / kgkk ) 0,056 0
Lng nc thc t c ly t 10-30% mmin

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh M=(1,1-1,3)mmin ly bng 1,2 =>m=1,2 *1,79 = 2,143(kgHCl/kgkk) (phng trnh ng cn bng Y = 2,005 X 0,001 Phng trnh ng lm vic c dng: Y = m X + Yc Y = 2,143 X + 0,011 (2) 0,111 0,011 = 0,047 2,143
Ta c: Yd =0,111 dng vo (2) X c =
Lu lng nc hp th tnh theo cng thc: Ld=m*GBd=2,143*1,652=3,54(kg/s) Lu lng pha lng u ra: Lc=Ld + GHCl = 3,54+0,166=3,706(kg/s) Nhit cht lng u ra: q 1,893 * 10 3 t c = t d + * ( X c X d ) = 55,1 + (0,06 0,055) = 57,3( 0 C ) c 4,19 B. Xc nh ng knh thp hp th. ng knh thp hp th c xc nh t phng trnh lu lng theo pha lin tc: GTB d= 0.785WK * Y
- Trong : + GTB l lu lng trung bnh ca pha kh: GTB = G D + GC 2 = 1.836 + 1.652 = 1.774 ( Kg/s). 2
+ WK: Vn tc kh qua tit din thp, thng thng ly trong khong t 0,81,4 m/s chn Wk =1.3 m/s .
3 + Y : khi lng trung bnh ca pha kh, ly Y = 0 = 1.322( Kg / m ) .
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh Chn ng knh thn tr c ng knh l 1,2m. Vn tc lm vic chnh xc l: WK = GTB 1.744 = = 1.4(m / s ) 2 0.785 * d * Y 0.785 * 1.2 2 * 1.322
C. Xc nh chiu cao lp m Chn vt liu m s Rasig c cc thng s sau: 1. Kch thc: 30x30x3.5
2. B mt t do ring: D = 165m 2 / m3 3. Th tch t do:vD=0.76m3/m3 4. S m trong 1 m3: 25x103
5. Khi lng ring xp: 570kg/m3 Chiu cao ca lp m trong thp hp th thng c xc nh theo s n v truyn khi v chiu cao tng ng mt n v truyn khi: H= N*h0 Vi : + N: s n v truyn khi (s bc truyn khi). + h0: chiu cao tng ng mt n v truyn khi.
Ta i tnh (h0). Chiu cao mt n v truyn khi ph thuc c tnh m, ch thy vn, ng lc ca thp v tnh cht l ha cc pha, c tnh:
h0 = hY +
m * GTB * hX LTB
(**)
Vi : + m: h s phn phi, h s gc ng tuyn vi ng cn bng v c xc nh bng thc nghim vi m=2.

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh + h Y : chiu cao mt n v truyn khi i vi pha hi. + h X : chiu cao mt n v truyn khi i vi pha lng . + Gtb: lu lng trung bnh pha hi: 1,744 (Kg/s). + Ltb: lu lng trung bnh pha lng, Ltb=3,706(kg/s). a/ Chiu cao ca mt n v truyn khi i vi pha hi: hY = VD 0 0 * Re Y.25 * Prdy.67 (3). a * * D
Trong : + a :h s ph thuc dng m, i vi s rasig a = 0,123. + :h s thm t ca m xc nh bng th, ta ly =0,65. Chun s reinolds i vi pha kh ca lp m: 4 * WK * Y Re y = Y * D
Vi: + Y : nht ng hc ca pha kh.
K y A * M A yB * M B = + Y A B
+ D : B mt t do ring ca m rasig. + yA : nng mol HCl trong pha kh: yA = 0.111 / 36.5 = 0.09 (Kmol HCL/ kmol kk). (0.111 / 36.5) + ((1 0.111) / 29)
+ K : Khi lng phn t kh hn hp: K = 0.09*36.5+(1- 0.09)*29= 29,675 . Nh vy nht l: 29.675 0.09 * 36.5 (1 0.09) * 29 = + =1718803. y 0.013 * 10 3 0.018 *10 3
A = 0.17 *10 4 (Ns/ m 2 )
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh Chun s Rey = 4 *1.322 * 1.4 = 2639. 0.17 * 10 4 *165
Prdy
y Prdy = chun s Prandl truyn khi: y * Dy
+ Dy: h s khuch tn HCl trong pha kh (m2/s), nhn gi tr Dy 300C l 15*10-6 (m2/s). 0.17 * 10 4 Prdy = = 0.857 1.322 *15 * 10 6 Vy th vo (3) ta c: hY = 0.76 * 2639 0.25 * 0.857 0.67 = 0.37(m) 0.123 * 0.65 * 165
(0,76=Vb th tch t do ca vt liu m Rasig m3/m2) b/ Chiu cao mt n v truyn khi theo pha lng: h X = 119(
X 2 0.33 0.25 0.5 ) * Re 1 * Prdl (4) 2 1 * g
Vi: + Re1: Chun s Reinolds lng trong thit b( thp m). Re 1 = 4 * LTB 4 * 3.706 = = 73 FT * D * 1 0.785 * 1.4 2 *165 * 0.8 *10 3 . (vi Ft = 0.785*Wk).
+ Prdl: Chun s Prandl pha lng: Prdl =
x . x * Dx
Dx: h s khuch tn HCl nhit trung bnh : Dx= 3.5*10-9 (m2/s). Prdl = 0.8 *10 3 = 292 784 * 3.5 * 10 9
Th vo (4) ta c:
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh h X = 119( (0.8 * 10 3 ) 2 0.33 ) * 73 0.25 * 292 0.5 = 0.31( m). 2 784 * 9.81
C H X , H Y th vo (*) ta c : ho = hY + m * GTB 2 *1.744 * h X = 0.37 + * 0.31 = 0.662(m). LTB 3.706
Xc nh s bc truyn khi N: S n v truyn khi c xc nh theo cng thc: N=

YD
YC
Y Y
dY
CB
Dng phng php s hc hoc th tnh s n v truyn khi Ta dng phng php s dng gin tnh s bc truyn khi: S n v truyn khi tng qut N c xc nh sau: V ng trung bnh qua cc trung ddiier ca cc tung giauwx ng lm vic v ng cn bng. Sau v bc thang t im A sau mi bc thang c ab=bc mi bc thang l mt n v truyn khi ngha l l mt oan thit b tng ng vi mt bc trong to nn s bin i nng lm vic Y1-Y2 bng vi ng lc trung bnh trong on ( Y-Y*)tb T th ta xc nh c N 6 chn N= 6 bc. Vy tng chiu cao lp m l H=N*H0=6*0,662=3,972. Ly H=4(m) Tng chiu cao ca thp l : Ht=H+Hd+Hc Ly Hd=1(m), Hc=0.5(m) Ht=5.5(m). D. Xc inh tr lc ca thp : 1. Tn tht p sut ca lp m kh: Pk =
H .6d W y2 . y . 3 . 4 Vd 2
16 16 = 3,31 0, 2 = Ry 2639 0, 2
Re> 40 ,X =
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh Wy :Vn tc khi tinh ton trn ton b din tich thp : Wy = (1,1- 1,2 ).Wx =1,1.1,4 =1,54 (m/s) Pk = 3,31 4.165 1,54 2.1,322 . . =1950 (N/m2) 0,76 3 4 2
2. Tn tht p sut ca lp m t : P = Pk.[1+A. x y Cc h s cho : A=8,4 c =0,015 m =0,405 n =0,225 1,322 P = 1950.[1+8,4. 784 = 7537 (N/m2). E. Chn ng ng dn kh v dn cht lng : Vn tc dng kh trong ng thng t 4 12 m/s Chn ng ng dn kh vo thp : D1 = 300 (mm) Chn ng ng dn kh ra thp : D2 = 300 (mm) B dy ng :4mm Chn ng ng dn cht lng vo: Ld = .V 4 3,706 =0,043 (m) 0,785.2,5.1000
0, 225
Ltb . Gtb
y x
0,7.10 3 . 0,017.10 3
0 , 015
3,706 . 1,744
0.405
D3 =
Ly D3= 50mm
Chn ng ng dn nc ra : D4 =2.D3 =100 (mm) B du ng :4mm
F.Tnh ton b phn phi lng, a phn phi kh, li m, b dy y, np , thn thit b: 1. a phn phi :

ng knh thp :Dt =1200 (mm) ng knh a :D =750 (mm) Chn a(75 a)
2. Li im :

ng knh thp : Dt =1200 (mm) ng knh li :Dl =1150 (mm) Chn b dy: m =20 (mm) Chn b rng: n= 22 (mm)
3. a phn phi kh :
ng knh thp : Dt =1200 (mm) ng knh l: 20(mm) Bc nhy :75 (mm) Chiu dy ca a :4 (mm)
4. Yu cu chn vt liu: Lm vic mi trng n mn

Nhit lm vic toc =30oc
p sut :1atm Chn thp khng g :X18HIOT (C 0,12% ,Cr 18%. N 10%, T nm trong khong 1-1,5% ). 5. Chn b dy thit b:
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh Thn thit b: p sut tnh trong phn thn thit b : Ptt = gH =1134.9,81.4.10-6 =0,044 (N/mm2) p sut tnh ton trong thit b: P =Pmt +Ptt =0,1 +0,044 =0,144 (N/mm2) Vi p sut nh vy chn b dy thn l 4 (mm)
Np v y othit b chn b dy bng nhau l :6(mm) G. Chn bm- qut:
1. Qut : Cng sut qut: N = Vi Q= GBC=1,670 Q.P 1,670.7537 = =21 (kW) 1000. 1000.0,6
= 0,55
Cng sut ng c: Nc = 1,5N= 1,5.21 =31,5 (kN) Chn qut c cng sut :45Hp 2. Bm: t bn cao v cao 10 (m), hiu sut bm =0,85 Lu lng cht lng a vo thp ly 4kg/s , chn lu lng bm l 5(kg/s) Q bm = L 5 = = 0,005 (m3/s ) 1000
N=
Q. .g .H 5.10 3.10 3.9,81.10 = =0,58 (kW) 1000. 1000.0,85
Chn h s an ton : =1,5 N cn thit = .N =1,5.0.58 =0,87 (kW) Chn bm c cng sut: 1,5 Hp (1Hp 1,35 kW)
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh H. Chiu cao ng khi : Chn ng knh ng khi :D=0,5 m Vn tc dng kh i trong ng khi: v= 4.G y = 4.1,26 =6,42 (m/s) 3,14.0,5 2
.D
Nng cc i trn mt t :Cmax = A.M .F .m.n

1
A.M .F .m.n H 2 .( L.T ) 3

1
H=
C max( L.T ) 3
(**)
Trong : A= a. k1 (u1=2m/s ) : H s k n s n nh ca kh quyn Vit Nam A= 200 240 u1 . 0
Chn A= 220 Cmax : Nng cc i trn mt t Cmax = Y c. 1 + Yc

_
0,011.1,322 =0,014 (kg/m3) 1 + 0,011
L:lu lng kh thi L= 1,670 =1,26 (kg/m3) 1,322
M : Lng pht thi c hi :0,018 (kg/s) F :H s k n loi cht khuch tn :F=1 T =(57,3-30 )= 27,3 oc m ,n :Cc h s khng th nguyn k n iu kin thot ra kh thi ti ming ng khi. Tnh chiu cao ng khi bng vng lp sau: -chn m,n=1 (Vi nhit thot ra khng qu cao v iu kin khng kh bnh thng) Thay cc thng s vo (**)
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh 220.0,018.1.1.1

1
H1=
0,014.(1,26.27,3) 3
=9,3 (m)
Ly H= 10 (m) Suy ra f= 103.w2D/H2 T =1000.1.42.0.5/102.27.3=0.36 m=(0.67+0.1. )-1=1 f +0.34 3 f
i vi ngun nng: VM=0.65.

3
L. 27.3 / H
=1.5
V 0.3<VM<2 m/s nn: n=3- (Vm 0.3)( 4.36 Vm ) =1.14 Chn m=1, n=1.14 H2= 220.0,018.1.1.14 0,014.(1,26.27,3)
1 3
=9.96
f=103.w2D/H2 T =0.36 suy ra m=1 v n gn bng 1.14 Ta thy vng lp bt u v H 2 H1 H1 = 0.4%
Vy chn chiu cao ng khi l H=10 (m)
CHNG VI:.TNH TON KINH T

Vi thp X18H10T c khi lng ring l 8510kg/m3 vy khi lng ca thp s l: Mthp= 0.785(Dn2-Dt2).H.p=0.785.(1,2122-1.22).6.5.8510=1257 kg M2nap= 1/10 Mthp=126 kg/2np Th tch lp m Rasig= (D2/4).H= (3.14.1.22/4).4=4.5 m3 Bng :gi cc thit b chnh trong cng ngh x l kh thi HCl n v tnh: ngn ng VT LIU LOI QUY CCH Thp X18H10T Thp X18H10T Thp X18H10T S LNG N GI THNH TIN
Thn thp 1257 kg 90 /kg 113130 y v np 126 kg 90 /kg 11340 B phn phn 2000/ci 2000 phi lng B phn m Thp X18H10T 1500/ci 1500 Vt liu m Vng s rasig 4.5m3 10000/m3 45000 Bm nc 2 5000/ci 10000 Qut 1 4.500/ci 4500 Chi ph vt liu chnh: 187.470.000ng Chi ph vt liu ph=10% chi ph vt liu chnh=18.747.000ng Chi ph ch to v chi ph lp t= chi ph vt liu=18.747.000ng +187.470.000ng =206.217.000ng Chi ph nhn cng=30% chi ph vt liu=62.000.000 ng Vy tng chi ph ca h thng x l l: 476.000.000 ng
PHC LC Bng 1: Tr s trng lng ring v khi lng ring ca nc v khng kh di p sut kh quyn (pa = 760mm ct thy ngn)
Nhit , (0C)
Trng lng ring Khi lng ring Nc
(N/m3) (kg/m3) Khng kh 1,293 1,273 1,247 1,226 1,205 1,165 1,128 1,060 1,000 0,945
0 4 10 15 20 30 40 60 80 100 Bng 2: Tr s h s nht Nhit t,(0C) 0 4 10
999,87 1000,00 999,73 999,12 998,23 995,37 992,24 983,24 971,23 958,38
ca nc v khng kh tnh bng cm2/s, di p sut kh quyn (pa = 760mm ct thy ngn) Nc 0,0178 0,0156 0,0131 Khng kh 0,137 0,141 0,147
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh 15 20 30 40 60 80 100 0,0114 0,0101 0,0080 0,0066 0,0045 0,0035 0,0027 0,152 0.157 0,166 0,176 0,196 0,217 0,238
Bng 3: H s Henry ca mt s dung dch kh ( 10-6 torr) K h Hydro Nit Khng kh Cacbon oxyt Oxy Metan Nito oxyt Etan Etylen Nito dioxyt Cacbon dioxyt Axetylen Clo Hydro sunfua Brom Lu hunh Hydro clorua Amoniac 0 44 40,2 32,8 26,7 19,3 17 12,8 9,55 4,10 0,74 0,553 0,55 0,204 0,208 0,0162 0,0125 0,00185 0,00156 10 48,3 50,8 41,7 33,6 24,9 22,6 16,5 14,4 5,84 1,07 0,792 0,73 0,297 0,278 0,278 0,0184 0,00197 0,0018 20 51,9 61,1 50,4 40,7 30,4 28,5 20,1 20 7,74 1,5 1,08 0,92 0,402 0,367 0,0415 0,0266 0,00209 0,00208 30 55,4 70,2 58,6 47,1 36,1 34,1 23,5 26 9,62 1,94 1,14 1,11 0,502 0,463 0,0688 0,0364 0,0022 0,00241 Nhit 0C 40 57,1 79,2 66,1 52,9 40,7 39,5 26,8 32,2 1,77 0,6 0,566 0,101 0,0495 0,00227 50 58,1 85,9 71,9 57,8 44,7 43,9 29,6 37,9 2,15 0,677 0,672 0,145 0,0655 0,00229 60 58,1 90,9 76,5 62,5 47,8 47,6 31,8 42,9 2,59 0,731 0,782 0,191 0,0839 0,00224 70 55,8 94,6 79,8 64,2 50,4 50,6 33,2 47.4 0,745 0,905 0,244 0,104 80 57,4 95,9 81,7 64,3 52,8 51,8 34 50,2 0,73 1,03 0,307 0,128 90 57,1 96,1 82,2 64,3 53,1 52,6 34,2 52,2 0,72 2 1,09 0,15 100 56,9 95,4 81,6 64,3 53,3 53,3 34,5 52,6 1,12 -
QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA V KH THI CNG NGHIP I VI BI V CC CHT V C
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh National Technical Regulation on Industrial Emission of Inorganic Substances and Dusts 1. QUY NH CHUNG 1.1. Phm vi iu chnh Quy chun ny quy nh nng ti a cho php ca bi v cc cht v c trong kh thi cng nghip khi pht thi vo mi trng khng kh. 1.2. i tng p dng Quy chun ny p dng i vi t chc, c nhn lin quan n hot ng pht thi kh thi cng nghip c cha bi v cc cht v c vo mi trng khng kh. Kh thi ca mt s ngnh cng nghip v lnh vc hot ng c th c quy nh ring. 1.3. Gii thch thut ng Trong Quy chun ny, cc thut ng di y c hiu nh sau: 1.3.1. Kh thi cng nghip l hn hp cc thnh phn vt cht pht thi ra mi trng khng kh t ng khi, ng thi ca cc c s sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v cng nghip. 1.3.2. Bi l nhng ht cht rn nh, thng thng l nhng ht c ng knh nh hn 75 m, t lng xung do trng lng ca chng nhng vn c th l lng mt thi gian [theo TCVN 5966:2009 (ISO 4225-1994)]. 1.3.3. Mt khi kh thi chun (Nm3) l mt khi kh thi nhit 250C v p sut tuyt i 760 mm thy ngn. 1.3.4. Kp l h s lu lng ngun thi ng vi tng lu lng kh thi ca c s sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v cng nghip. 1.3.5. Kv l h s vng, khu vc ng vi a im t cc nh my, c s sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v cng nghip pht sinh kh thi vo mi trng khng kh. 2. QUY NH K THUT 2.1. Nng ti a cho php ca bi v cc cht v c trong kh thi cng nghip c tnh theo cng thc sau:
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh Cmax = C x Kp x Kv Trong : - Cmax l nng ti a cho php ca bi v cc cht v c trong kh thi cng nghip, tnh bng miligam trn mt khi kh thi chun (mg/Nm3); - C l nng ca bi v cc cht v c quy nh ti mc 2.2; - Kp l h s lu lng ngun thi quy nh ti mc 2.3; - Kv l h s vng, khu vc quy nh ti mc 2.4. 2.2. Nng C ca bi v cc cht v c lm c s tnh nng ti a cho php trong kh thi cng nghip c quy nh ti Bng 1 di y: Bng 1 - Nng C ca bi v cc cht v c lm c s tnh nng ti a cho php trong kh thi cng nghip TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Bi tng Bi cha silic Amoniac v cc hp cht amoni Antimon v hp cht, tnh theo Sb Asen v cc hp cht, tnh theo As Cadmi v hp cht, tnh theo Cd Ch v hp cht, tnh theo Pb Cacbon oxit, CO Clo ng v hp cht, tnh theo Cu Km v hp cht, tnh theo Zn Axit clohydric, HCl Flo, HF, hoc cc hp cht v c ca Flo, tnh theo HF Hydro sunphua, H2S Lu hunh ioxit, SO2 Nit oxit, NOx (tnh theo NO2) Nit oxit, NOx (c s sn xut ha cht), tnh theo NO2 Thng s Nng C (mg/Nm3) A 400 50 76 20 20 20 10 1000 32 20 30 200 50 7,5 1500 1000 2000 B 200 50 50 10 10 5 5 1000 10 10 30 50 20 7,5 500 850 1000
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh 18 19 Hi H2SO4 hoc SO3, tnh theo SO3 Hi HNO3 (cc ngun khc), tnh theo NO2 Trong : - Ct A quy nh nng C ca bi v cc cht v c lm c s tnh nng ti a cho php trong kh thi cng nghip i vi cc c s sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v cng nghip hot ng trc ngy 16 thng 01 nm 2007 vi thi gian p dng n ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2014; - Ct B quy nh nng C ca bi v cc cht v c lm c s tnh gi tr ti a cho php trong kh thi cng nghip i vi: + Cc c s sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v cng nghip hot ng k t ngy 16 thng 01 nm 2007; + Tt c cc c s sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v cng nghip vi thi gian p dng k t ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2015. 2.3. H s lu lng ngun thi Kp c quy nh ti Bng 2 di y: Bng 2: H s lu lng ngun thi Kp Lu lng ngun thi (m3/h) P 20.000 20.000 < P 100.000 P>100.000 H s Kp 1 0,9 0,8 100 1000 50 500
2.4. H s vng, khu vc Kv c quy nh ti Bng 3 di y: Bng 3: H s vng, khu vc Kv Phn vng, khu vc Ni thnh th loi c bit
(2) (1)
H s Kv
v th loi I (1); rng c dng 0,6
; di sn thin nhin, di tch lch s, vn ha c xp hng (3); c
Loi 1
s sn xut cng nghip, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v v cc hot ng cng nghip khc c khong cch n ranh gii cc khu vc ny di 02 km.
Ni thnh, ni th th loi II, III, IV (1); vng ngoi thnh th loi c bit, th loi I c khong cch n ranh gii ni thnh Loi 2 ln hn hoc bng 02 km; c s sn xut cng nghip, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v v cc hot ng cng nghip khc c khong cch n ranh gii cc khu vc ny di 02 km. Khu cng nghip; th loi V (1); vng ngoi thnh, ngoi th th loi II, III, IV c khong cch n ranh gii ni thnh, ni th Loi 3 ln hn hoc bng 02 km; c s sn xut cng nghip, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v v cc hot ng cng nghip khc c khong cch n ranh gii cc khu vc ny di 02 km (4) . Loi 4 Loi 5 Nng thn Nng thn min ni 1,2 1,4 1,0 0,8
Ch thch:
(1)
th c xc nh theo quy nh ti Ngh nh s 42/2009/N-CP ngy 07 thng 5 nm
2009 ca Chnh ph v vic phn loi th;

(2)
Rng c dng xc nh theo Lut Bo v v pht trin rng ngy 14 thng 12 nm 2004
gm: vn quc gia; khu bo tn thin nhin; khu bo v cnh quan; khu rng nghin cu, thc nghim khoa hc;
(3)
Di sn thin nhin, di tch lch s, vn ha c UNESCO, Th tng Chnh ph hoc b
ch qun ra quyt nh thnh lp v xp hng;

(4)
Trng hp ngun pht thi c khong cch n 02 vng tr ln nh hn 02 km th p
dng h s vng, khu vc Kv i vi vng c h s nh nht;

(5)
Khong cch quy nh ti bng 3 c tnh t ngun pht thi.
3. PHNG PHP XC NH
n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh 3.1. Phng php xc nh nng bi v cc cht v c trong kh thi cng nghip ca cc c s sn xut cng nghip, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v v cc hot ng cng nghip khc thc hin theo cc tiu chun quc gia di y: - TCVN 5977:2005 S pht thi ca ngun tnh Xc nh gi tr v lu lng bi trong cc ng dn kh Phng php khi lng th cng; - TCVN 6750:2005 S pht thi ca ngun tnh Xc nh nng khi lng lu hunh ixit Phng php sc k kh ion; - TCVN 7172:2002 S pht thi ca ngun tnh Xc nh nng khi lng nit oxit Phng php trc quang dng naphtyletylendiamin; - TCVN 7242:2003 L t cht thi y t. Phng php xc nh nng cacbon monoxit (CO) trong kh thi; - TCVN 7243:2003 L t cht thi y t. Phng php xc nh nng axit flohydric (HF) trong kh thi; - TCVN 7244:2003 L t cht thi y t. Phng php xc nh nng axit clohydric (HCl) trong kh thi; 3.2. Khi cha c cc tiu chun quc gia xc nh nng ca cc cht v c trong kh thi cng nghip quy nh trong quy chun ny th p dng tiu chun quc t c chnh xc tng ng hoc cao hn. 4. T CHC THC HIN 4.1. Quy chun ny thay th vic p dng Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 5939:2005 v Cht lng khng kh - Tiu chun kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc cht v c c ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18 thng 12 nm 2006 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic bt buc p dng cc tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng. 4.2. C quan qun l nh nc v mi trng c trch nhim hng dn, kim tra, gim st vic thc hin Quy chun ny. 4.3. Trng hp cc tiu chun quc gia v phng php xc nh vin dn trong Mc 3.1 ca Quy chun ny sa i, b sung hoc thay th th p dng theo tiu chun mi.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. PGS.TS. Hong Vn Bnh: c cht hc cng nghip v d phng nhim c-NXB Khoa hc v k thut-2007 2. GS.TS.Trn Ngc Chn: nhim khng kh V X l kh thi-Tp 3: L thuyt tnh ton v cng ngh x l kh c hi-NXB khoa hc v k thut-2001 3. ThS.ng Kim Loan v Cng s: Gio trnh Cng ngh mi trng- NXB H quc gia H Ni-2004 Mt s trang Web nh: http://environment-safety.com/courses/Orientation/default.htm http://yeumoitruong.com/forum/forumdisplay.php?25-Kh%C3%AD-v%C3%A0-Kh %C3%AD-th%E1%BA%A3i http://vea.gov.vn/VN/Pages/trangchu.aspx

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n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh M U 1.

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh

Dung dch sau x l Trong : 1. Scrrub (thp m)

S Cng Ngh x l kh HCl bng dung mi hp th l Nc:

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh

CHNG V: TNH TON THIT B V CC CNG TRNH PH TR

-T s phn khi lng Hcl u ra: Yd = G Ac 0,018 = = 0,011(kgHCl / Kgkk ) G Bd 1,652

Tnh tng t cho cc khong tip theo ta c bng s liu sau:

Bng 6: Nng HCl Q*103 Nhit cht hp th(oc)

0,111 0,011 = 1,790(kgHCl / kgkk ) 0,056 0

Lng nc thc t c ly t 10-30% mmin

Ta c: Yd =0,111 dng vo (2) X c =

Vi : + m: h s phn phi, h s gc ng tuyn vi ng cn bng v c xc nh bng thc nghim vi m=2.

Vi: + Y : nht ng hc ca pha kh.

A = 0.17 *10 4 (Ns/ m 2 )

y Prdy = chun s Prandl truyn khi: y * Dy

X 2 0.33 0.25 0.5 ) * Re 1 * Prdl (4) 2 1 * g

+ Prdl: Chun s Prandl pha lng: Prdl =

C H X , H Y th vo (*) ta c : ho = hY + m * GTB 2 *1.744 * h X = 0.37 + * 0.31 = 0.662(m). LTB 3.706

Xc nh s bc truyn khi N: S n v truyn khi c xc nh theo cng thc: N=

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh

Chn ng ng dn nc ra : D4 =2.D3 =100 (mm) B du ng :4mm

4. Yu cu chn vt liu: Lm vic mi trng n mn

Np v y othit b chn b dy bng nhau l :6(mm) G. Chn bm- qut:

Q. .g .H 5.10 3.10 3.9,81.10 = =0,58 (kW) 1000. 1000.0,85

Nng cc i trn mt t :Cmax = A.M .F .m.n

A.M .F .m.n H 2 .( L.T ) 3

Trong : A= a. k1 (u1=2m/s ) : H s k n s n nh ca kh quyn Vit Nam A= 200 240 u1 . 0

Chn A= 220 Cmax : Nng cc i trn mt t Cmax = Y c. 1 + Yc

0,011.1,322 =0,014 (kg/m3) 1 + 0,011

L:lu lng kh thi L= 1,670 =1,26 (kg/m3) 1,322

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh 220.0,018.1.1.1

Ly H= 10 (m) Suy ra f= 103.w2D/H2 T =1000.1.42.0.5/102.27.3=0.36 m=(0.67+0.1. )-1=1 f +0.34 3 f

i vi ngun nng: VM=0.65.

f=103.w2D/H2 T =0.36 suy ra m=1 v n gn bng 1.14 Ta thy vng lp bt u v H 2 H1 H1 = 0.4%

Vy chn chiu cao ng khi l H=10 (m)

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh

CHNG VI:.TNH TON KINH T

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh

Trng lng ring Khi lng ring Nc

0 4 10 15 20 30 40 60 80 100 Bng 2: Tr s h s nht Nhit t,(0C) 0 4 10

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA V KH THI CNG NGHIP I VI BI V CC CHT V C

v th loi I (1); rng c dng 0,6

; di sn thin nhin, di tch lch s, vn ha c xp hng (3); c

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh

th c xc nh theo quy nh ti Ngh nh s 42/2009/N-CP ngy 07 thng 5 nm

2009 ca Chnh ph v vic phn loi th;

Di sn thin nhin, di tch lch s, vn ha c UNESCO, Th tng Chnh ph hoc b

ch qun ra quyt nh thnh lp v xp hng;

Trng hp ngun pht thi c khong cch n 02 vng tr ln nh hn 02 km th p

dng h s vng, khu vc Kv i vi vng c h s nh nht;

Khong cch quy nh ti bng 3 c tnh t ngun pht thi.

n X L Kh Thi Nhm 4 GVHD: Ng Phng Linh

TI LIU THAM KHO

C H X , H Y th vo () ta c : ho = hY + m GTB 2 1.744 h X = 0.37 + * 0.31 = 0.662(m). LTB 3.706