Giao Trinh PLC Mitsubishi

TRNG AI HOC CONG NGHIEP TP.
HCM
TRUNG TAM CONG NGHE IEN
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UlRU TRlNH MUN HUL

MITSUBISHI
PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLERS

BlEN 5URN . LE HURNU VlNH "RU 0UT KHUUNU
VU TH[ RNH TUTET "TRRN TH[ THU THUT

TAI BAN THANG 07 NAM 2006
LU HANH NOI BO

LI NOI AU

1rong nhong num gun duy, bo doo khon up trnh lLC dooc so dong nguy
cung rong ru trong cong nghop o nooc tu nho u mot gu phup doo khon y
toong cho voc to dong hou cuc qou trnh sun xout. Cong vo so phut tron cou
cong ngho muy tnh, Hon nuy bo doo khon up trnh lLC huy Cl| dut dooc
nhong oo tho co bun trong o ng dong doo khon cong nghop dup ong yoo cuo
doo khon vu gu m sut ho thong sun xout to don gun don phoc tup vo do tn cuy
cuo. lLC tlrogrummubo ogc controor) u mot muy tnh tho nho nhong vo cuc
too choun cong ngho p cuo vu khu nung up trnh ogc munh lLC u duo nuo
qoun trong vu nh hout trong doo khon to dong hou don cong nghop. 1rong
nhong nhu muy sun xout to dong hou hon nuy, o nhoo cup do khuc nhuo,
phoong thoc doo khon gum sut tSCADA soporvsory contro und dutu
ucgoston ) dooc up dong do dung vo cuc phun to doo khon chup hunh gom
toun bo cuc bo doo khon up trnh tlLC)
Mon lLC thooc trong tum to dong hou don cong nghop cou 1k|NC 1AM
CONC NCHL DlLN 1k|ONC DAl HOC CONC NCHlLl 1l.HCM u mon
hoc khu thuc so dong cuc bo doo khon up trnh tlLC), qou do go thoo cuc
ngon ngo up trnh ogc phoong phup up trnh cong ngho vu cuc ong dong mo
rong nhum cong cup cuc kon thoc co bun vo lLC cho snh von do top cun so
doo khon to dong hou trong cuc nhu muy sun xout hon du, gop phun trong cong
cooc cong nghop hou hon du hou cou dut nooc .
Cuo trnh nuy cong cup mot so khu cunh cou bo doo khon up trnh tlLC)
dou tron qou trnh tm hoo vo bo lLC lXlN thooc ho lX cou hung Mtsobsh
ooctrc. ou do gop cho snh von, hoc snh co nhong khu nom co bun vo doo
khon to dong hou dong lLC trong cong nghop, trnh buy mot so onh co bun cho
yoo vo tup onh cou lLC Mtsobsh ooctrc, cuch cu dut, so dong cuc onh do tuo
ru choong trnh doo khon vu cuch so dong phun mom lXCl\lN vu phun mom
mo phong lX 1kAlNlNC LC L. Ngou ru con co nhoo bu tup du dooc gu
dup vu nhoo bu tup mo rong gop cho snh von hoc snh phut tron ky nung cun
thot trong voc up trnh lLC.
ou qou trnh bon soun guo trnh nuy chuc chun con co nhoo thoo sot.
Chong to mong nhun dooc nhong y ko n dong gop xuy dong cou qoy 1huy Co
dong nghop vu snh von hoc snh do guo trnh nuy dooc houn thon hon, xn
chun trong cum on.

IOI NOI DAU
MUC LUC
MUC IUC

Cuong 1: GIOI 1HIEU 1ONG QUAN VE PIC.
1 1:cI :u :a J: :a jIaI I::u cua 11
11 KIa: guaI : I Iaj I::uI 11
111 au T:uc jIau cuug 11 cua I 1A
1! :: II:u cac 11 I 1A 1an:I,

Cuong 2: CAC 1HIE1 BJ VA IENH CO BAN
A. kaI nIcm
1 KIa: u:n : nI cIuug I::uI
11 ac LIa: u:n c Iau uuug I:ug Iaj I::uI
111 acI Jc 1g:c cua cIuug I::uI 1auu:
B. Cac tap Icn co ban cua Iap trIn Iaddcr va InstructIon..

Cuong 3: KY 1HUA1 IAP 1RNH S1EP IADDER
1 KIa: u:n : Iaj I::uI T1
11 KI: Jug :a LI IIuc cIuug I::uI T1
111 1aj Iuc g:ua cac I:aug IIa: cua cIuug I::uI T1
1! au I:uc cua nI Iuc I:ug cIuug I::uI T1

Cuong 4: HUONG DAN SU DUNG PHAN MEM FX1RN-BEG-E...
1 :: II:u
11 :a u:u jIau nn 1ATRN-1E - E
111 :: II:u :a u:u cIuug I::uI 1ATRN-1E - E
1! 1Iuug jIaj Iaj I::uI 1ATRN-1E - E
! 1a: Iaj uug uuug jIau nn 1A-TRN-1E E

Cuong 5: CAC BAI TAP NG DUNG TRONG PLC FXTRN-BEG-E ...
1 ac uaug Ia: Iaj
11 1a: g:a: IIan LIa cac Ia: Iaj I:ug 1ATRN-1E - E
I 1a: Iaj
2 1a: Iaj 1I,12
1a: Iaj 1
4 1a: Iaj 14
5 1a: Iaj I,2
1a: Iaj 4
7 1a: Iaj DI
3 1a: Iaj D2
U 1a: Iaj D
IU 1a: Iaj D4,5
II 1a: Iaj D
I2 1a: Iaj EI
2
2

5

11
II
II
II
I2
I

28
23
23
2U
U

31
I
4
5
7
42

43
4
4
4
43
5U
52
54
5
57
5U
I
4
7
7U

I 1a: Iaj E2
I4 1a: Iaj E
I5 1a: Iaj E4
I 1a: Iaj E5
I7 1a: Iaj E
I3 1a: Iaj 1I
IU 1a: Iaj 12
2U 1a: Iaj 1
2I 1a: Iaj 14
22 1a: Iaj 15
2 1a: Iaj 1
24 1a: Iaj 17

Cuong 6: SU DUNG PHAN MEM FXGP-WIN E...
1 :: II:u
11 1Iau nn 1A1-W1NE
111 ac Iuc Iaj nI cIuug I::uI n:
1! 1Iuug jIaj Iaj I::uI
! 1a: Iaj uug uuug jIau nn 1A1-W1NE

Cuong 7: IUA CHON, IAP DA1 VA KIEM 1RA...
BAO 1R HE 1HONG PIC
1 An .I :u LIa II:
11 T::uI Iu II:I L I IIug 11
111 T cIuc I I: jIau cuug I IIug
1! Ia, IIu cIuug I::uI
! 1aj Ia: I:u cI I IIug
!1 1a I:: I IIug 11
72
74
75
77
7U
3I
34
33
UI
U2
U5
U3

101
IUI
IU2
IUU
IUU
II2

121

I2I
I2I
I2
I24
I25
I25

GIAO TRNH MON HOC
PLC
MITSUBISHI
PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLERS

Chng I
GII THIEU TONG QUAN VE PLC

I . LCH S RA I VA PHAT TRIEN CUA PLC
T ong ngay cang ong vai tro quan trong trong i song va cong nghiep. Ngay
nay, nganh t ong a phat trien en trnh o cao nh nhng tien bo cua ly thuyet
ieu khien t ong, tien bo cua nhng nganh khac nh ien t, tin hoc Nhieu he
thong ieu khien a ra i, nhng phat trien manh va co kha nang phuc vu rong la bo
ieu khien PLC.
Khai niem bo ieu khien lap trnh PLC la y tng cua nhom ky s hang General
Motors vao nam 1968, va ho a e ra cac ch tieu ky thuat nham ap ng nhng yeu
cau ieu khien nh sau :
y De lap trnh va thay oi chng trnh ieu khien, s dung thch hp trong cac
nha may cong nghiep.
y Cau truc dang Module de m rong, de bao tr va sa cha.
y am bao o tin cay trong moi trng san xuat cua cac nha may cong nghiep.
y S dung cac linh kien ban dan nen phai co kch thc nho gon hn mach role
ma chc nang van tng ng.
y Gia ca canh tranh.
Nhng ch tieu nay a tao c s quan tam cua nhng ky s thuoc nhieu nganh
nghien cu kha nang ng dung PLC trong cong nghiep. Cac ket qua nghien cu a
a ra them mot so cac ch tieu can phai co trong chc nang cua PLC :
a) Ve phan mem :
T cac lenh logic n gian c ho tr them cac lenh ve tac vu nh th, tac vu
em. Sau o la cac lenh ve x ly toan hoc, x ly bang d lieu, x ly xung toc o
cao, tnh toan so lieu thc 32 bit, x ly thi gian thc, oc ma vach
b) Ve phan cng :
y Bo nh ln hn.
y So lng ngo vao, ngo ra nhieu hn.
y Nhieu loai module chuyen dung hn.
en nam 1976 th PLC co kha nang ieu khien cac ngo vao, ngo ra t xa bang
ky thuat truyen thong ( khoang 200 met ).
S gia tang nhng ng dung cua PLC trong cong nghiep a thuc ay cac nha san
xuat hoan chnh ky thuat cua cac ho PLC vi mc o khac nhau ve kha nang toc o
x ly va hieu suat.
Cac ho PLC phat trien t loai lam viec oc lap, ch vi 20 ngo vao / ra va dung
lng bo nh chng trnh khoang 500 bc, en cac ho PLC co cau truc module
nham lam de dang hn cho viec m rong them chc nang chuyen dung nh :
y X ly tn hieu lien tuc.
y ieu khien ong c Servo, ong c bc.
y Truyen thong.
y Bo nh m rong.
Vi cau truc module cho phep m rong hay nang cap mot he thong ieu khien
PLC vi chi ph va cong sc thap nhat.
Rieng nc ta, hang rao thue quan khu vc ang dan dan c loai bo, kinh te
m ca hp tac vi nc ngoai. Trc tnh hnh o, nen cong nghiep se gap khong t
kho khan v con kha nhieu day chuyen cong nghe lac hau. Nha nc can phai chu
trong en nhng ng dung va phat trien cua t ong trong san xuat cong nghiep,
nham nang cao nang suat, chat lng san pham, cung nh gia thanh san pham ha.
Mot trong nhng phng an tot nhat va c s dung rong rai ngay nay la thay the
nhng cong nghe cu bang nhng he thong ieu khien t ong dung PLC.

II .KHAI QUAT VE BO LAP TRNH PLC
Trong ky thuat t ong, ieu khien c chia lam hai loai : ieu khien bang day
noi, va ieu khien bang bo lap trnh PLC.
1. ieu khien bang day noi :
Cac bo ieu khien c goi la bo ieu khien day noi neu cac phan t chuyen
mach cua no c noi vi nhau bang day dan co nh mot cach vnh vien.
VD : mach ieu khien sau

Trong ky hieu tren, o la bo ieu khien bang day noi dung e noi ket cac nut
nhan va cac phan t chuyen mach la cac tiep iem vi nhau bang day dan song song
hoac noi tiep. Cac cong tac va tiep iem c sap xep vi nhau khi ta a biet ro chc
nang ma bo ieu khien can thc hien, tc phai biet ro s o nguyen ly va v tr khi
tien hanh au day. Mat khac, khi muon thay oi chc nang cua bo ieu khien ta phai
thay oi lai cau truc cung nh s o au day. oi vi nhng mach ien ln phc tap
th s au day tr nen rat kho khan va de b sai sot. Ngoai ra trong cach dung nay can
ton nhieu linh kien nh : role trung gian, role thi gian, bo em
2. ieu khien dung PLC :
PLC la t viet tat cua Programmable Logical Controller ( chng trnh ieu khien
t ong co lap trnh), chng trnh nay c lu tr trong bo nh ROM va c nap
vao thong qua may vi tnh ca nhan.
Trong PLC chc nang bo ieu khien can thc hien se c xac nh bi mot
chng trnh, chng trnh nay c nap vao bo nh PLC. Khi o PLC se thc hien
qua trnh ieu khien da vao chng trnh a c nap san. Cau truc va s o au day
cua bo ieu khien khong phu thuoc vao chc nang hay qua trnh hoat ong.
Tat ca cac linh kien can thiet cho viec thiet ke mach eu c lap trnh san trong
bo PLC nh : sensor, cong tac, nut nhan, te bao quang ien, va tat ca cac c cau chap
hanh nh cuon day, en tn hieu, bo nh th, role trung gian, eu c noi vao PLC.
Neu muon thay oi hay m rong chc nang cua quy trnh cong nghe ta ch can
thay oi chng trnh ben trong bo PLC. ieu nay rat tien ch cho cac ky s thiet ke.
3. Nhng u iem ky thuat cua bo ieu khien PLC :

Ch tieu so sanh Role Mach so May tnh PLC
Gia thanh Kha thap Thap Cao Thap
Kch thc vat ly Ln Rat gon Kha gon Rat gon
Toc o ieu khien Cham Rat nhanh Kha nhanh Nhanh
Kha nang chong nhieu Rat tot Tot Kha tot Tot
Lap at
Mat thi gian
thiet ke va lap
at.
Mat thi gian
e thiet ke.
Lap trnh
phc tap va
ton thi gian.
Lap trnh va
lap at n
gian.
Kha nang ieu khien cac
tac vu phc tap.
Khong co Co Co Co
Thay oi, nang cap va
ieu khien.
Rat kho Kho Kha n gian Rat n gian
Cong tac bao tr Kem Kem Kem Tot

Theo bang so sanh ta nhan thay c bo ieu khien lap trnh PLC vi nhng u
iem ve phan cng va phan mem co the ap ng c hau het cac yeu cau ch tieu
tren. Mat khac, PLC co kha nang ket noi mang va ket noi cac thiet b ngoai vi rat cao
giup cho viec ieu khien c de dang.

4. Pham vi ng dung PLC :
Dung e ieu khien Robot : v du nh gap phoi t bang tai bo qua ban gia cong
cua may CNC, hay ieu khien Robot a vat lieu thiet b vao bang tai, thc hien cac
viec ong hop, dan tem nhan
Ngoai ra, PLC co the ng dung e giam sat cac qua trnh trong cac nha may ma,
day chuyen lap rap linh kien ien t, day chuyen kiem tra san pham bang cac
sensor, cong tac hanh trnh.

ng dung PLC trong cac lnh vc

III . CAU TRUC PHAN CNG PLC HO FX CUA HANG MITSUBISHI

Cau truc cua PLC c phan thanh cac phan nh sau :

1. n v ieu khien trung tam ( CPU : Central Processing Unit )
La bo vi x ly thc hien cac lenh trong bo nh chng trnh. Nhap d lieu
ngo vao, x ly chng trnh, nh chng trnh, x ly cac ket qua trung gian va cac ket
qua nay c truyen trc tiep en c cau chap hanh e thc hien chng trnh xuat d
lieu ra cac ngo ra.
2. Bo nh (Memory) :
Dung e cha chng trnh so lieu, n v nho nhat la bit. Bo nh la vung nam
gi he ieu hanh va vung nh cua ngi s dung (he ieu hanh la mot phan mem he
thong ma no ket noi PLC e PLC thc s hoat ong c).
Co nhieu loai bo nh khac nhau. e PLC co the hoat ong c, can thiet phai
co bo nh e lu tr chng trnh. oi khi can m rong bo nh e thc hien cac chc
nang khac nh
_ Vung em tam thi lu tr trang thai cua cac kenh xuat - nhap c goi la
RAM xuat -nhap.
_ Lu tr tam thi cac trang thai cua cac chc nang ben trong : cac bo nh
th(Timer), cac bo em (Counter), cac Rle.
Bo nh gom co cac loai sau ay :
a) Bo nh ch oc (ROM : Read Only Memory)
ROM khong phai la bo nh kha bien, no co the lap trnh ch c mot lan. Do o
no khong thch hp cho viec ieu khien mem cua PLC, va no t pho bien so vi cac
loai bo nh khac.
b) Bo nh ghi oc (RAM : Random Access Memory)
Bo nh cua PLC la CMOSRAM, tieu ton nang lng kha t, va c cap pin d
phong khi mat nguon. Nh o d lieu se khong b mat.
c) Bo nh ch oc chng trnh xoa c (EPROM : Erasable Programmable
Read Only Memory)
EPROM lu tr d lieu giong nh ROM, tuy nhien noi dung cua no co the c
xoa i neu b anh hng cua tia t ngoai. Khi o phai viet lai chng trnh cho bo
nh.
d) Bo nh ch oc chng trnh xoa c bang ien (EEPROM : Electric
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)
Noi dung tren EEPROM co the b xoa va lap trng bang ien, tuy nhien ch gii
han mot so lan nhat nh.

3. Cac Module xuat-nhap ( Input Output ) :
Khoi xuat nhap ong vai tro la mach giao tiep gia vi mach ien t ben trong
PLC vi mach ngoai. Module nhap nhan tn hieu t sensor va a vao CPU, module
xuat a tn hieu ieu khien t CPU ra c cau chap hanh.
Moi hoat ong x ly tn hieu t ben trong PLC co mc ien ap t 5 15 VDC,
trong khi tn hieu ben ngoai co the ln hn nhieu. Ta co nhieu loai ngo ra nh : ngo ra
dung role, ngo ra dung transitor, ngo ra dung triac.

4. He thong BUS : la he thong tap hp mot so day dan ket noi cac module
trong PLC goi la BUS, ay la tuyen dung e truyen tn hieu, he thong gom
nhieu tn hieu song song.

IV. GII THIEU CAC PLC HO FX FAMILY
1. PLC loai FXO & FXOS
ay la loai PLC co kch thc that nho gon, phu hp vi cac ng dung vi so
lng I/O nho hn 30 cong, vi viec s dung bo nh chng trnh bang EEPROM
cho phep d lieu chng trnh c lu lai trong bo nh khi mat nguon ot xuat.
Dong FXO c tch hp san ben trong bo em toc o cao va cac bo tao ngat
(role trung gian), cho phep x ly tot mot so ng dung phc tap.
Nhc iem cua dong FXO la khong co kha nang m rong so lng I/O c
quan ly, khong co kha nang noi mang, khong co kha nang ket noi vi cac module
chuyen dung, thi gian thc hien chng trnh lau.
2. PLC loai FXON
FXON s dung cho cac may ieu khien oc lap hay cac he thong nho vi so
lng I/O co the quan ly nam trong mien 10-128 I/O. FXON thc chat la bc
em trung gian gia FXOS vi FXO. PLC FXON co ay u cac ac trng c ban
cua dong FXOS, ong thi con co kha nang m rong tham gia noi mang.
3. PLC loai FX1S
FX1S co kha nang quan ly so lng I/O trong khoang 10-34 I/O. Cung giong nh
FXOS, FX1S khong co kha nang m rong he thong. Tuy nhien, FX1S c tang
cng them mot so tnh nang ac biet nh: tang cng hieu nang tnh toan, kha
nang lam viec vi cac au vao ra tng t thong qua cac card chuyen oi, cai
thien tnh nang bo em toc o cao, tang cng 6 au vao x ly, trang b them cac
chc nang truyen thong trong mang (gii han so lng tram toi a la 8 tram) hay
giao tiep vi cac bo HMI i kem. FX1S thch hp vi cac ng dung trong cong
nghiep che bien go, ong goi san pham, ieu khien ong c, may moc, hay cac he
thong quan ly moi trng.
4. PLC loai FX1N
a. Gii thieu:
PLC FX1N thch hp vi cac bai toan ieu khien vi so lng au vao ra trong
khoang 14-60 I/O. Tuy nhien khi s dung cac module vao ra m rong, FX1N co
the tang cng so lng I/O len ti 128 I/O. FX1N c tang kha nang truyen
thong, noi mang, cho phep tham gia trong nhieu cau truc mang khac nhau nh
Ethernet, Profilebus, cc-Link, Canopen, Devicenet FX1N co the lam viec vi cac
module analog, cac bo ieu khien nhiet o. ac biet, FX1N c tang cng chc
nang ieu khien v tr vi 6 bo em toc o cao, hai bo phat xung au ra vi tan so
ieu khien to a la 100KHz. ieu nay cho phep cac bo ieu khien lap trnh thuoc
dong FX1N co the cung mot luc ieu khien mot cach oc lap hai ong c servo
hay tham gia cac bai toan ieu khien v tr.

b. ac iem:
- C cau may nho gon, chi ph thap, module man hnh va khoi m rong co he
thong de dang nang cap.
- Van hanh toc o cao oi vi lenh c ban toc o x ly t 0,55 en 0,7s/lenh,
oi vi lenh ng dung toc o x ly t 3,7 en vai tram s/lenh.
- ac tnh ky thuat cua bo nhchat lng va phong phu. Bo nh EEPROM cho
phep 8000 bc.
- Day thiet b dung cu a nang nh: role phu tr 1536 iem, bo em th 256
iem, bo em 235 iem, thanh ghi d lieu 8000 iem.
- Nhng module chc nang at biet: co en hai day m rong cua nhng module
chc nang ac biet co the c them vao cho nhng nhu cau rieng.
- Day m rong t cung cap ien: o bien thien m rong cua s cung cap ien
AC co the ap ng s cung cap ien ap t bat ky ni nao tren the gii (100 en
240V AC). S cung cap dong ien DC cung c cho phep t 12 en 24 V DC.
- Qua trnh ieu khien c tang, s dung lenh PID cho nhng he thong oi hoi
s ieu khien chnh xac.
- Kha nang ket noi: Viec thc hien hoan chnh cua nhng module ket noi se lam
cho thong tin va d lieu c cung cap de dang.
- De dang lap at: s dung thanh DIN hoac khoang trong co san.
- ong ho thi gian thc te: S dung tieu chuan ong ho thi gian th te cho
nhng ng dung oc lap ve thi gian.
- Phan men c ban: chng trnh se c chay nhanh chong va de dang vi phan
mem GX Developer hoac FX-PCS/WIN-E Software.
- Tac vu iem ket noi: Tac vu tai iem ket noi rieng biet khi ket noi mot line, ta
co the lien ket vi d lieu a c cung cap qua he thong.
- Bo ien the ke s dung tn hieu Analog: de dang thay oi thiet b nh thi
gian bo ien the ke man hnh pha trc.
- V tr va xung chc nang ngo ra:
PLC co hai ngo ra phat ra xung co tan so 100KHZ cung mot luc.
PLC cung cap 7 v tr lenh truyen ke ca quay tr ve iem zero, oc gia tr
dong ien tuyet oi, hoan thanh hoac phat trien s truyen ong.

- Nang cap he thong bang khoi m rong hoac ket noi module: Bang m rong co
the c s dung e ket noi chc nang truyen thong bang cach dung bo ket noi
tng thch RS-232C, RS-485 hoac RS-422 ket hp vi ngo I/O bang tn hieu
analog hoac tn hieu so.
- Ket noi module co the quang sat qua cach sap xep cac bo nh th, bo em,
thanh ghi d lieu va co the s dung e ket noi vi cac khoi m rong.

- Mang truyen thong: thong tin a dang va ket noi d lieu co the c thc hien
bi s lien ket vi cac khoi m rong hoac cac thiet b tch hp chuyen dung c
s dung cho FX2N.

5. PLC loai FX2N
ay la mot trong nhng dong PLC co tnh nang manh nhat trong dong FX. FX2N
c trang b tat ca cac tnh nang cua dong FX1N, nhng toc o x ly c tang
cng, thi gian thi hanh cac lenh c ban giam xuong c 0.08s. FX2N thch hp
vi cac bai toan ieu khien vi so lng au vao ra khoang 16-128 I/O, trong
trng hp can thiet FX2N co the m rong en 256 I/O. Tuy nhien, trong trng
hp m rong so lng I/O len 256, FX2N se lam mat li the ve gia ca va khong
gian lap at cua FX2N. Bo nh cua FX2N la 8kstep, bo nh RAM co the m rong
en 16kstep cho phep thc hien cac bai toan ieu khien phc tap. Ngoai ra, FX2N
con c trang b cac ham x ly PID vi tnh nang t chnh, cac ham x ly so thc
cung ong ho thi gian thc tch hp san ben trong. Nhng tnh nang vt troi tren
cung vi kha nang truyen thong, noi mang noi chung cua dong FX1N a a
FX2N len v tr hang au trong dong FX, co the ap ng tot cac oi hoi khat khe
nhat oi vi cac ng dung s dung trong cac he thong ieu khien cap nho va trung
bnh. FX2N thch hp vi cac bai toan ieu khien s dung trong cac day chuyen
san xuat, x ly nc thai, cac he thong x ly moi trng, ieu khien cac may det,
trong cac day chuyen ong lap rap tau bien.

6. PLC loai FX2NC
Bo ieu khien lap trnh vi kch thc sieu gon, thch hp cho cac ng dung oi
hoi cao ve yeu cau tiet kiem khong gian lap at. FX2NC co au u cac tnh nang
cua FX2N nhng lai tiet kiem en 27% khong gian s dung. Lnh vc ng dung
chu yeu cua FX2NC la dung trong xay dng, trong cac he thong bm hay cac bai
toan ieu khien lien quan en moi trng.

Chng II
CAC THIET B VA LENH C BAN

A. KHAI NIEM
I . KHAI NIEM MOT CHNG TRNH
Chng trnh la mot chuoi cac lenh noi tiep nhau c viet theo mot ngon ng ma
PC co the hieu c. Co 3 dang chng trnh : INSTRUCTION, LADDER, SFC/STL .
_ Instruction : he thong gom nhng dong lenh nhap lien tiep nhau.
_ Ladder : phng phap xay dng chng trnh dang o hoa dung cac ky
hieu logic dang role.
_ SFC / STL : chng trnh dang lu o.
Khong phai tat ca cac cong cu lap trnh eu co the lam viec c vi ca 3 dang
tren. Noi chung bo lap trnh cam tay ch lam viec c vi dang INSTRUCTION,
trong khi hau het cac cong cu lap trnh o hoa se lam viec c vi ca dang
INSTRUCTION va LADDER . Cac phan mem chuyen dung se cho phep lam viec vi
dang SFC.

Dang Instruction Dang Ladder Dang SFC / STL

II . CAC THIET B C BAN DUNG TRONG LAP TRNH
Co 6 thiet b c ban dung trong lap trnh. Moi thiet b co cong dung rieng. e de
dang xac nh th moi thiet b c gan cho mot ky t :
X : dung ch ngo vao vat ly gan trc tiep vao PC.
Y : dung ch ngo ra noi trc tiep t PC.
T : dung e xac nh thiet b nh th co trong PC.
C : dung e xac nh thiet b em co trong PC.
M va S : dung nh la cac c hoat ong ben trong PC.
Tat ca cac thiet b tren c goi la thiet b Bit , ngha la cac thiet b nay co hai
trang thai ON hoac OFF , mc 1 hoac mc 0 ( mc 0 la trang thai tnh mc 1 la
trang thai ong).

III . CACH OC LOGIC CUA CHNG TRNH LADDER
Logic Ladder rat gan vi logic role c ban. Cac cong tac va cuon day c ket noi
va ieu khien theo nhieu dang mach khac nhau, tuy vay, nguyen tac c ban khong co
g khac.
Cuon day co the c dung e ieu khien trc tiep ngo ra t PC ( v du thiet b Y
), hoac no co the ieu khien bo nh th, bo em, hoac c ( nh la thiet b T, C, M, S).
Moi cuon day gan vi cac cong tac hoac tiep iem, cac cong tac hoac tiep iem nay
co the la thng m (NO normal open ) hoac thng ong ( NC normal close).
Thuat ng thng noi en trang thai cac cong tac khi cuon day khong co ien.
Neu role c dung va cuon day gia s la OFF, mot cong tac NO se khong co ien,
ngha la tai c noi vi cong tac NO se khong hoat ong, con cong tac NC th co
dong ien i qua, v vay tai c noi vi cong tac se hoat ong.
Khi cuon day c kch hoat th trang thai cua cong tac b ao ngc, ngha la co
dong trong cong tac NO va cong tac NC lai ngan khong cho dong ien i qua.
Cac ngo vao vat ly noi en bo ieu khien lap trnh ( thiet b X) khong co cuon day
co the lap trnh. Cac thiet b nay ch co the c dung dang cong tac (nhan tn hieu)
ma thoi loai tiep iemNO va NC
Th du :
V co s ket hp vi role, cac chng trnh ladder co the c oc nh dong ien
i t trai sang phai. Dong nay phai qua mot loat cac tiep iem nh X0 va X1 e bat
cuon day ngo ra Y0 len ON. Do o, trong v du sau, neu X0 c bat ON th ngo ra
Y0 cung c bat len ON. Tuy nhien, neu cong tac hanh trnh X1 c kch hoat th
ngo ra Y0 b tat OFF v s noi ket gia cot trai va cot phai b t, ngha la khong co
dong ien i qua.

B. CAC TAP LENH C BAN CUA LAP TRNH
INSTRUCTION VA LADDER

1 . TAP LENH LOAD va LOAD INVERSE

Ten lenh Chc nang

Dang mau Thiet b
LD
(LoaD)
Co nhiem vu logic khi tao loai
cong tac NO.
Noi trc tiep au ben trai cua mach.
X, Y, M, S,
T, C
LDI
(LoaD
Inverse)
Co nhiem vu logic khi tao loai
cong tac NC.
Noi trc tiep au ben trai cua mach.

X, Y, M, S,
T, C

Chng trnh v du :

2 . TAP LENH OUT

lenh

Chc nang Dang mau Thiet
b
OUT
(OUT)
-ieu khien cuon day.
-Noi trc tiep vao au ben phai cua mach.
-Nhieu lenh OUT co the c noi song
song.
-Khong the ieu khien thiet b ngo vao loai
X.
Y, M,
S, T,
C

3. TAP LENH AND, AND INVERSE
Ten lenh

Chc nang Dang mau Thiet b
AND
(AND)
Noi tiep cac cong tac NO (thng
m), co the noi tiep nhieu cong tac
cung mot luc.
X, Y, M,
S, T, C.
ANI
(ANd
Inverse)
Noi tiep cac cong tac NC (thng
ong), co the noi tiep nhieu cong
tac cung mot luc.
X, Y, M,
S, T, C.

Chng trnh v du :

Lu y :
6 Viec them mot cuon day qua mot cong tac th lenh OUT au tien ( OUT Y4)
c goi la ngo ra follow-on. Cac ngo ra Follow-on cho phep x ly ngo ra theo
ung trnh t a ghi.
7 Mac du khong co gii han so cong tac mac song song, nhng mot so bang ieu
khien lap trnh, man hnh va may in khong the nao hien th hoac in chng trnh neu
no vt qua gii han cua phan cng. Moi dong hay moi nhanh cua chng trnh
Ladder nen cha toi a 10 cong tac va 1 cuon day. So ngo ra Follow-on nen gii han
toi a la 24.

4. TAP LENH OR , OR INVERSE
lenh

Chc nang Dang mau Thiet b
OR
(OR)
Noi song song cac cong tac NO
(thng m). Toi a la 10 nhanh noi song
song cho 1 cuon day.
X, Y,
M, S, T,
C.
ORI
(OR
Inverse)
Noi song song cac cong tac NC (thng
ong). Toi a la 10 nhanh noi song song
cho 1 cuon day.
X, Y,
M, S, T,
C.
*Lu y : Mot ben cua lenh OR/ORI luon noi vi au ben trai.
Chng trnh v du :

5. TAP LENH OR BLOCK
Ten lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thiet
b

ORB
(OR Block)
Noi song song nhieu mach
cong tac.

Khong
co

* ac iem :
_ Lenh ORB la lenh oc lap va khong ket hp vi bat ky thiet b nao hay con so
nao.
_ Lenh ORB c dung e noi song song nhieu mach cong tac (cac khoi noi tiep)
vi khoi pha trc. Cac khoi noi tiep la cac khoi co nhieu cong tac noi tiep nhau, hay
dung trong lenh ANB.
_ e khai bao iem bat au cua mot khoi, ta dung lenh LD hay LDI. Sau mot khoi
noi tiep, ta noi no vao khoi trc bang lenh ORB.
* Lu y :
1 Dung lenh ORB theo lo khong dung qua 8 lenh LD va LDI nham e tranh loi
chng trnh.
2 Dung lenh ORB trong mach tuan t khong co gii han so mach mac song
song.
Chng trnh v du :

Lap trnh tuan t Lap trnh theo
lo
0 LD X 0 0 LD X 0
1 AND X 1 1 AND X 1
2 LD X 2 2 LD X 2
3 AND X 3 3 AND X 3
4 ORB 4 LDI X 4
5 LDI X 4 5 AND X 5
6 AND X 5 6 ORB
7 ORB 7 ORB
8 OUT Y 6 8 OUT Y 6

6. TAP LENH AND BLOCK :

Ten lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thiet b

ANB
(ANd
Block )

Noi tiep cac mach
song song.

Khong co

Chng trnh v du :

Dung phng phap lap trnh tuan t
0 LD X 0
1 OR X 1
2 LD X 2
3 AND X 3
4 LDI X 4
5 AND X 5
6 ORB
7 OR X 6
8 ANB
9 OR X 3
10 OUT Y 7

* ac iem :
_ Lenh ANB la lenh oc lap va khong ket hp vi bat ky thiet b nao hay con so
nao.
_ Lenh ANB c dung e noi tiep nhieu mach cong tac (thng la cac khoi song
song) vi khoi pha trc. Cac khoi song song la cac khoi co nhieu cong tac noi song
song nhau, hay dung trong lenh ORB.
_ e khai bao iem bat au cua mot khoi ta dung lenh LD hay LDI. Sau mot khoi
noi tiep, ta noi no vao khoi trc bang lenh ANB.
_ Khi dung ANB theo lo, khong dung qua 8 lenh LD va LDI e tranh loi chng
trnh.
_ Lenh ANB co the dung nhieu lan e noi tiep cac mach song song vi khoi trc
no.
7. TAP LENH MPS, MRD, MPP :
Ten lenh Chc nang Dang mau Thie
t b

MPS
(Point
Store)
Lu ket qua hien hanh
cua cac tac vu trong PC.

MPS
Khon
g co

MRD
(Read)
oc ket qua hien hanh
cua cac tac vu trong PC.

MRD
Khon
g co

MPP
(PoP)
Goi ket qua a lu va
loai bo no.

MPP

Khon
g co

* Cach dung cac tap lenh MPS, MRD, MPP :
Khi chng trnh c viet di dang Ladder th tat ca cac lenh MPS, MRD, MPP
se t ong c them vao khi thc hien chuyen chng trnh (program conversion)
sang dang Instruction . Neu xem chng trnh dang Instruction sau khi chuyen ta se
thay co cac lenh MPS, MRD, MPP.

Khi chng trnh c viet dang Instruction, ngi s dung phai nhap vao toan
bo tat ca cac lenh MPS, MRD, MPP.

* ac iem tap lenh MPS, MRD, MPP:
c dung e noi cac ngo vao ben trai cua cac cuon day vi bat ky ngo vao
ben trai cua cong tac nao. Neu khong co tap lenh nay th ta ch co the noi cuon day
vao ben phai cua cong tac cuoi cung.
MPS lu lai iem noi cua mach ladder, do o no co the c goi lai nhieu lan
e noi nhieu nhanh cuon day.
MRD co chc nang goi lai hoac oc d lieu cua iem noi a lu trc o va noi
no vi cong tac tiep theo.
MPP co chc nang goi iem noi a lu (t vung lu tam) ra va loai bo no khi
cong tac ke tiep noi vao iem nay.
oi vi moi lenh MPS th bat buoc phai co mot lenh MPP tng ng.
Lenh MPP c dung e noi mach cong tac hay cuon day cuoi cung.
bat ky bc lap trnh nao, so cap lenh MPS MPP hoat ong khong c
vt qua con so 11.

Cac chng trnh v du :

2 V du 1 :

0 LD X 0
1 MPS
2 LD X 1
3 OR X 2
4 ANB
5 OUT Y 0
6 MRD
7 LD X 3
8 AND X 4
9 LD X 5
10 AND X 6
11 ORB
12 ANB
13 OUT Y 1
14 MPP
15 AND X 7
16 OUT Y 2
17 LD X 10
18 OR X 11
19 ANB
20 OUT Y 3

* V du 2 :

0 LD X 0
1 MPS
2 AND X 1
3 MPS
4 AND X 2
5 OUT Y 0
6 MPP
7 AND X 3
8 OUT Y 1
9 MPP
10 AND X 4
11 MPS

12 AND X 5
13 OUT Y 2
14 MPP
15 AND X
6 16
OUT Y 3

TAP LENH SET va RESET


SET
at mot thiet b (bit) len
che o ON vnh vien.

Y, M, S

RESET
at mot thiet b (bit)
xuong che o OFF vnh
vien.

Y, M, S, D,
V, Z

* ac iem :
_ SET va RESET co the dung cho cung mot thiet b bao nhieu lan tuy y. Tuy
nhien trang thai cuoi cung mi la trang thai tac ong.

V du :

0 LD X 0
1 SET Y 0
2 LD X
1 3
RST Y 0
4 LD X 2
5 SET M
0 6
LD X 3
7 RST M 0
8 LD X
4 9
SET S 0
10 LD X 5
11 RST S
0 12
LD X 6
13 SET D 0

Nhan xet :
y Mot khi X0 a bat ON th Y0 hoat ong va duy tr trang thai ON ngay ca khi
X1 a tat OFF.
y Khi X1 bat ON th Y0 se tat OFF va duy tr trang thai OFF ngay ca sau khi X1
t no chuyen thanh OFF.
y Qua trnh xay ra tng t cho cac M0, S0, D0.

8. BO NH TH va BO EM
a) Dang chung OUT va RESET cua bo nh th va bo em :


OUT
ieu khien cuon day
bo nh th hoac bo
em.

T, C

RST
at lai gia tr tac
ong cho bo nh th
va bo em.

Y, M, S, D,
V, Z

b) Bo nh th (Timer) :
Ky hieu : T
Cong dung : dung e nh cac khoang thi gian.
Cach anh so : anh so bang ch so thap phan ( v du : T0 ; T1 ; T2 ; )
V du cach dung bo nh th :

Hoat ong chung cua bo nh th :
Cac bo nh th hoat ong bang cach em cac xung clock (xung 1 ; 10 ; 100 mili
giay). Ngo ra cua bo nh th c kch hoat khi gia tr em c at en gia tr hang
so K. Khoang thi gian troi qua c tnh bang cach lay gia tr em c nhan vi o
phan giai cua bo nh th.
V du :
Bo nh th loai 10 mili giay em c en gia tr la 567, khi o khoang thi
gian troi qua c tnh nh sau :

567 x 10 mili giay = 567 x 0,01 giay = 5,67 giay.

Khoang thi gian nh th c at trc tiep thong qua hang so K, hoac gian tiep
thong qua thanh ghi d lieu (D). Thng dung thanh ghi d lieu c chot e am bao
khong b mat d lieu khi mat ien. Tuy nhien neu ien ap cua nguon pin giam qua
mc th thi gian nh th co the b sai.
o chnh xac cua bo nh th :
o chnh xac cua bo nh th co the b anh hng do cach lap trnh. Co hai trng
hp co the anh hng en o chnh xac cua bo nh th :

* Trng hp 1 : Cong tac cua bo nh th at
pha sau cuon day kch cua bo nh th.

Sai so nh th ln nhat :

2 x chu ky quet + thi gian bo loc ngo vao

Sai so nh th nho nhat :

Thi gian bo loc ngo vao o phan giai bo nh th

* Trng hp 2 : Cong tac bo nh th c at
trc cuon day kch cua bo nh th, khi o sai so
cua bo nh th se ln hn.

Sai so nh th ln nhat :
3 x chu ky quet + thi gian bo loc ngo vao

Sai so nh th nho nhat :

Thi gian bo loc ngo vao o phan giai bo nh th

Sai so trung bnh cho ca hai trng hp :

1,5 x chu ky quet chng trnh

c) Bo em (Counter) :
Ky hieu : C
Cong dung : em cac s kien
Cach danh so : thap phan
Phan loai : Bo em 16 bit.
Bo em 32 bit.
Bo em toc o cao.
V du cach dung bo em :

So lng bo em co the dung :
Xem cu the loai PLC la loai nao va tra vao bang thong so ky thuat.
d) Cac thong so cho bo nh th va bo em :
Khi lenh OUT ap dung cho bo nh th hoac bo em th phai nhap vao mot
hang so. Hang so o bat au bang ky t K.
Trong trng hp bo nh th, hang so K ch gia tr khoang thi gian nh th;
ngha la neu bo nh th loai 100 mili giay co hang so K100 se nh th mot khoang
thi gian la : 100 x 100 mili giay = 10 giay trc khi cuon day bo nh th c kch
hoat.
Khi dung bo em, hang so K xac nh so can em. ( V du : mot bo em vi
hang so K8 se phai c kch 8 lan trc khi cuon day bo em co ien).
Bang thong so cua cac loai bo nh th va bo em :

Bo nh th / Bo em Gia tr at hang so K cho phep
Gia tr thc s cua
hang so K
1 mili giay 0.001 32.767 giay
10 mili giay 0.01 327.67 giay
Bo nh
th
100 mili giay

0.1 3276.7 giay
16 bit 1 32,767 1 32,767
Bo em
32 bit
-2,147,483,648 2,147,483,647 -2,147,483,648
2,147,483,647

9. NGO VAO / RA (Input / Output)
a) Ngo vao :
K hieu : X
Cong dung : bieu dien cac ngo vao vat ly tren bo ieu khien.
K hieu khac : I/P
Inp
Ngo vao (X)
Cong tac ngo vao
Hnh thc s dung : cong tac thng m NO (Normal Open),
va thng ong NC (Normal Close)
Cach anh so : dung so bat phan, ngha la X0 X7 ; X10 X17.
V du cach dung ngo vao :

b) Ngo ra :
K hieu : Y
Cong dung : bieu dien cac ngo ra vat ly tren bo ieu khien.
K hieu khac : O/P
Otp
Ngo ra (Y)
Cuon day / role / cong tac ngo ra.
Cac hnh thc s dung : cong tac thng m NO, thng ong NC va cac
cuon day ngo ra.
Cach anh so : dung so bat phan, ngha la Y0 Y7 ; Y10 Y17.

V du cach dung ngo ra :

So lng cac ngo vao/ra :

Loai bo ieu
khien
So ngo vao toi a So ngo ra toi a Tong so ngo vao/ra
FX
O(S)
Phu thuoc vao viec chon Base Unit 30
FXon 84 64 128
FX 128 128 256
FX
(2C)
256 ( kha nang nh
c tren phan mem)
256 (kha nang nh
c tren phan mem)
512 ( tong so nh c
tren phan cng hay
tren phan mem)

11. ROLE PHU TR (auxiliary relays)
K hieu : M
Cong dung : C nh trang thai cua bo ieu khien.
K hieu khac : Cuon day, role, cong tac, c phu tr.
Cuon day, role, cong tac, c M.
Thiet b (bit) M.
Cac hnh thc s dung : cong tac thng m NO, thng ong NC va cac
cuon day ngo ra.
Cach anh so : dung so thap phan, ngha la M0 M9 ; M10 M19.
Phan loai : Role phu tr on nh trang thai.
Role phu tr co nguon pin nuoi / c chot.
Role phu tr chuan oan chuyen dung.
V du cach dung role phu tr :

1. Role phu tr on nh trang thai :
Cac PC eu co role phu tr. Cuon day cua cac role nay c ieu khien bi cac
cong tac tng t nh cach ieu khien role ngo ra.
Tat ca cac role phu tr eu co mot so cong tac thng m va thng ong noi vi
PC neu can. Lu y cac cong tac nay khong the ieu khien trc tiep tai ngoai, ch co
role ngo ra mi co the lam c ieu nay.

2. Role phu tr co nguon pin nuoi / c chot :
Neu xay ra s co ve ien trong khi PC ang chay th tat ca trang thai cua cac role
ngo ra va cac role cong dung chung eu b RESET (OFF). Khi PC hoat ong tr lai,
neu nh ta khong kch lai cac role nay th chung se van gi trang thai OFF .
Role phu tr co nguon pin nuoi (c chot) la loai role ma trang thai cua chung khong
b thay oi khi b mat ien. Trang thai nay c duy tr bi nguon pin ben trong hay
dung bo nh EEPROM c gan vao PC. Role c chot bi tap lenh SET (hay
RESET) dung e duy tr trang thai tam thi cua role.

Dang mach t nh Dang mach c chot

dang mach t nh, role M507 c duy tr ien nh vao tiep iem t gi cua
no. Neu nh X1 la ON th M507 b Reset.
dang mach c chot bi lenh SET, role M507 se khong b Reset khi X1 la ON
ma no se van c duy tr trang thai, no ch b Reset khi X2 la ON.
Lu y : cac tai ngoai
Cac role phu tr c dung ket hp vi cac cong tac thng m va thng ong.
Cac cong tac nay co the dung tuy y khi lap trnh. Cac cong tac nay khong the dung e
ieu khien trc tiep cac tai ngoai. Tat ca cac tai ngoai nen c ieu khien thong qua
viec dung cac ngo ra trc tiep.

3. Cac role phu tr chuan oan chuyen dung :
Mot PC co mot so cac role phu tr chuyen dung. Cac role nay eu co chc nang
chuyen biet, ve mat s dung chia lam hai loai sau :
a) Cong tac role phu tr chuyen dung :
Role nay c ieu khien t ong bi PC, ngi s dung khong the can
thiep. Cac cong tac nay co the c s dung trong chng trnh e chuan oan mot
tnh trang nao o.
V du :
M8000 : bao RUN ( ON khi PC ang trong trang thai chay chng
trnh).
M8002 : xung khi ong (ON khi PC khi ong, PC chuyen t OFF
ON).
M8012 : xung clock 100 mili giay.

b) ieu khien nhng cuon day role chuyen dung :
Khi ngi s dung SET cac cuon day nay, PC se thc thi mot tac vu chuyen
biet a c xac nh trc.
V du :
M8033 : tat ca cac trang thai ngo ra c duy tr khi PC ngng hoat
ong.
M8034 : tat ca cac ngo ra eu b vo hieu.
M8039 : PC hoat ong che o quet thi hang.

12. ROLE TRANG THAI (state relays)
K hieu : S
Cong dung : C trang thai trong bo ieu khien.
K hieu khac : Cuon day, role, cong tac, c trang thai.
Cuon day, role, cong tac, c S.
Cuon day, role, cong tac, c bc STL.
C hieu.
Hnh thc s dung : cong tac thng m NO, thng ong NC, cac cuon day
ngo ra
Cach anh so : dung so thap phan, ngha la M0 M9 ; M10 M19.
Phan loai : Role on nh trang thai chung role trang thai.
Role trang thai co nguon pin nuoi ( c chot )
Role bc STL
C hieu.
V du cach dung role trang thai :

1. Role trang thai on nh :
Cac role nay c ieu khien bi cac cong tac trong PC giong nh viec ieu
khien cac ngo ra. Tat ca cac role trang thai eu co mot so cac cong tac vat ly thng
m va thng ong noi vi PC neu can. Cac cong tac nay khong the ieu khien trc
tiep tai ngoai, ngoai tr cac role ngo ra.
1. Role trang thai co nguon pin nuoi :
Neu nguon cap ien b hong khi PC ang hoat ong th tat ca role ngo ra va role
cong dung chung eu b RESET. Tat ca cac role nay se van trang thai OFF neu nh
khong c kch hoat lai trang thai khi PC hoat ong lai, ay goi la role trang thai
c chot. Trang thai chot c duy tr bi nguon pin nuoi ben trong hay dung bo nh
EEPROM gan vao PC. Hoat ong cua role trang thai c chot nay tng t nh role
phu tr c chot da e cap phan tren.

Lu y : Giong nh role phu tr, role trang thai cung khong the ieu khien trc tiep
cac tai ngoai ma phai ieu khien bang role ngo ra trc tiep.

So lng role trang thai :

Loai role trang thai So lng co tren PC Tong so
Role trang thai thng Khong co
Role trang thai c chot 128 ( t S0 S127 )

2. Role trang thai bc STL :
Cac role trang thai rat quan trong khi lap trnh ieu khien trnh t va c dung
ket hp vi lenh STL.
Khi lap trnh STL th tng trang thai co tac vu tng ng se c xac nh trc.
Bc trang thai trc o sau khi a chuyen trang thai van duy tr trang thai hoat
ong cho en khi het chu ky quet hien hanh.

13 . XUNG CANH LEN VA XUNG CANH XUONG

PLS
(PuLSe)

Kch xung khi co
canh tac ong len

Y, M ( Lu y :
khong c dung
cuon M chuyen
dung).

PLF
(PuLse
Falling)
Kch xung khi co
canh tac ong
xuong
Y, M ( Lu y :
khong c dung
cuon M chuyen
dung).

Chng trnh v du :

* ac iem :
_ Khi lenh PLS c thi hanh, cac thiet b Y, M se hoat ong trong khoang thi
gian mot chu ky sau khi tn hieu ngo vao a bat ON.
_ Khi lenh PLF c thi hanh, cac thiet b Y, M se hoat ong trong khoang thi
gian mot chu ky sau khi tn hieu ngo vao a tat OFF.

14 . LENH END

END
(END)
Buoc chng trnh ket thuc

Khong co

Khi at lenh END trong chng trnh co tac dung buoc ket thuc qua trnh quet
chng trnh hien hanh va tien hanh cap nhat cac ngo vao / ra, cac bo nh th. Thc
hien cap nhat cac ngo vao au chu ky quet va cap nhat cac ngo ra cuoi chu ky
quet.
Viec quet chng trnh la qua trnh x ly tng lenh trong chng trnh t au en
cuoi. Khoang thi gian nay goi la thi gian quet, phu thuoc vao o dai va s phc tap
cua chng trnh. Ngay khi dong quet hien hanh c hoan tat th dong quet tiep theo
se bat au ngay. Toan bo qua trnh la mot chu ky lien tuc.
Chen lenh END vao gia chng trnh giup tm loi chng trnh v phan sau lenh
END b vo hieu va cach ly khoi vung kiem loi.

15. LENH NO- OPERATION

NOP
(No OPeration)
Khong tac vu, hay
bc rong
Khong co Khong co

* ac iem :
Them lenh NOP trong chng trnh nham giam thieu s thay oi so bc chng
trnh khi ta soan thao hoac thay oi chng trnh.
Co the thay oi s hoat ong cua mot mach bang cach thay lenh a lap trnh
bang lenh NOP.
Thay lenh LD, LDI, ANB, ORB bang lenh NOP co the gay ra loi nhieu ni
trong chng trnh.

Chng III
LAP TRNH STL
(CHNG TRNH TUAN T )

I . KHAI NIEM

Lap trnh STL ( STep Ladder) la mot trong nhng kieu lap trnh c ban co trong
tat ca cac ho FX. Lap trnh STL rat n gian va de hieu, cung cap cho ngi s dung
mot ky thuat lap trnh manh nhat. S hieu qua cua lap trnh STL la no cho phep ngi
lap trnh tao ra mot chng trnh thc thi gan giong nh y o cua ngi lap trnh.
Chng trnh STL khong hoan toan thay the chng trnh Ladder chuan.
STL the hien mat manh cua no thong qua viec to chc mot chng trnh ln
thanh nhng phan t nho hn. Moi phan t nay goi la mot trang thai hoac mot bc.
e nhan biet cac trang thai, moi trang thai c gan mot ky hieu xac nh duy nhat.
Moi trang thai hoan toan tach biet vi cac trang thai khac trong chng trnh.
Cach tot nhat e hnh dung ieu nay la moi trang thai xem nh la mot chng trnh
tach biet va ngi s dung at tng phan chng trnh nay lai vi nhau theo th t
hoat ong cu no. Ngoai ra cac trang thai nay co the c dung lai nhieu lan va theo
th t khac nhau. ieu nay tiet kiem c thi gian lap trnh va han che cac loi lap
trnh.

II . KHI ONG VA KET THUC CHNG TRNH STL
1. Khi ong chng trnh tuan t:
e bat au mot lap trnh tuan t STL, ta phai bat trang thai khi tao len ON sao
cho thch hp. Co nhieu phng phap ieu khien trang thai khi tao.
Cac cuon day trang thai khi tao STL co the c kch bang xung, dung lenh SET
hay vi lenh OUT. Thong thng ta ch dung lenh SET e chon cac trang thai. Khi
mot trang thai a c kch hoat th co ngha la no c at len ON ( hnh a).
oi vi mot chng trnh STL c kch hoat khi va cap ien cho bo ieu khien,
ta co the dung role phu tr M8002 e ieu khien viec xac lap trang thai khi tao (
hnh b). Khi chng trnh STL a c khi tao, CPU se x ly tat ca lenh ben trong
chng trnh STL.

Hnh a Hnh b

2. Ket thuc chng trnh tuan t:
Bang cach at lenh RET (tap lenh RETurn) cau lenh cuoi cung cua trang thai
STL cuoi cung, khi o lenh nay se tra s ieu khien ve cho Ladder . Sau o, mach
khi tao a lap trnh se c x ly ung nh phan chng trnh Ladder va khong con
nam trong pham vi hoat ong trang thai STL cuoi cung.

III . LAP BC GIA CAC TRANG THAI
e kch hoat mot trang thai STL, trc tien ngi s dung phai tac ong cuon
day STL. Viec tac ong len cuon day o giong nh cach khi ong mot chng trnh
STL, hay goi la kch trang thai khi tao.
Tuy nhien dung lenh OUT va lenh SET e kch cuon day STL co s khac biet
nhau

1. Dung SET e kch cuon day STL :
SET c dung e kch trang thai STL lam cho no hoat ong. Khi trang thai
STL1 hien hanh kch hoat tiep trang thai STL2 th cuon day cua STL1 b Reset. Nh
vay, ch can dung SET kch hoat mot trang thai, cac trang thai ke tiep c kch lai
mot cach t ong.
Lenh SET c dung e kch mot trang thai nam trong lu trnh STL, cac trang
thai co lien ket vi trang thai STL hien hanh.
Lenh SET c dung e kch trang thai STL thap hn trang thai STL hien
hanh ngay sau o.
e Reset mot trang thai STL, ta dung lenh RST hoac ZRST ( ZRST : Zone
ReSeT se reset mot chuoi cac ngo ra nam trong lenh nay). Tuy nhien, lenh ZRST ch
Reset c trang thai STL sau khi cac trang thai STL a c thc hien xong het mot
chu ky cua no. ay cung chnh la mot nhc iem cua lenh ZRST.

2. Dung lenh OUT e kch cuon day STL :
Lenh OUT co tnh nang giong nh lenh SET.
Tuy nhien co mot ieu lenh OUT khac lenh SET la lenh OUT co the cho phep
ngi lap trnh c nhay cach khoang, bo qua nhieu trang thai STL.

IV . CAU TRUC CUA MOT BC TRONG STL
Trong chng trnh tuan t se co nhieu bc, nhng moi bc a ra can theo ung
cau truc cua mot bc nh sau:
1 1. Ch th cua bc thc hien.
2 2. Trang thai xay ra trong bc.
3 3. ieu kien e chuyen tiep en bc ke.
4 4. Bc mi c chuyen en.

V du:

CHNG IV
HNG DAN S DUNG
PHAN MEM FXTRN-BEG-E

I. Gii thieu:

ay la phan mem mo phong cac c cau co trong thc te cua hang MITSUBISHI
ELECTRIC Phan mem FXTRN-BEG-E c ng dung hnh anh cac c cau chap
hanh mot cach sinh ong, no giup cho ngi s dung co the co mot cai nhn khai quat
hn trong i song san xuat thc te.
e dung phan mem FXTRN-BEG-E yeu cau ve cau hnh phan cng:
- He ieu hanh Microsoft Windows 98, Microsoft Windows 2000,
- CPU Pentium co toc o x ly la 500MHZ tr len.
- Bo nh 64 MB.
- Dung lng con trong cua da cng la 150 MB tr len.
- CD_ROM oc can co cho viec cai at.
- Display XGA 1,024 x 768 hoac cao hn.
- Yeu cau ve Card man hnh VRAM t 4MB tr len.
*Thc hien cai at:
a.at a chng trnh FX_TRN_BEG_E vao o CD_ROM.
b.Tai START My Computerchon o a CD_ROM.

Chu y: Co ba loai bieu tng Setup va hay chon bieu tng co hnh dang nh
tren.

c.Sau khi nhap double vao bieu tng Setup: se xuat hien ca so Welcome

- Kch Next e tiep tuc viec cai at, sau khi oc va hieu cac phan hng dan
tren.
- Kch Cancel e huy bo viec cai at.
d.Khi kch Next phan tren man hnh se xuat hien ca so Choose Destination
Location:

Tai ay ca so nay cho phep la chon ng dan cho chng trnh bang cach
click vao Sau o go vao ng dan mi.
- Click vao Next e tiep tuc viec cai at chng trnh.
- Click vao Back e quay lai ca so trc o.
- Click vao Canel e huy bo viec cai at.
e.Khi click vao Next ca so Chose Detination Location ,sau o xuat hien ca
so Select Program Folder
Program Folders : Th muc cua chng trnh co ten la MELSOFT FX
TRAINER.

Existing Folders : Th muc hien co trong chng trnh may tnh la MELSOFT
FX TRAINER.
- Click vao Next e tiep tuc viec cai at chng trnh.
- Click vao Back e quay lai ca so trc o.
- Click vao Canel e huy bo viec cai at.
f. Khi click Next tai ca so Select Program Folder th viec cai at bat au.
*Khi dong phan mem lap trnh mo phong FXTRN-BEG-E
Chon StartProgram(hoac All Program) MELSOFT FX
TRAINERFXTRN-BEG-E (double click).

II.Giao dien:

Khi khi tao chng trnh se xuat hien ca so User login
- User name: go vao ten ang ky s dung cho chng trnh khong qua 32 ky t.
- Password : go vao khau lenh cho chng trnh a ang ky khong qua 8 ky t.
Sau o click vao Start e xuat hien ca so giao dien.

III.Gii thieu c ban ve giao dien mot chng trnh FXTRN-BEG-E:
1.Giao dien:
Giao dien cua chng trnh mo phong FXTRN-BEG-E la giao dien co cac chc nang
linh hoat trong c cau chuyen cung nh viec van hanh ieu khien .

Chu thch:
Edit Ladder : Chuyen sang che o lap trnh ,luc nay bo ieu khien che o
PROGRAM.
Reset : Khi tao lai trang thai ban au cua chng trnh.
Write to PLC : Nap chng trnh vao bo PLC, luc nay bo ieu khien che o RUN.
F (Front view ): Chc nang chieu mat cua c cau hnh the.
S ( Side view ): Tong quan ve hnh the trang thai 3D.
T (Top view ) : Chc nang chieu bang cua c cau hnh the.
Main : Tr ve ca so chnh cua FX_TRN_BEG_E.

: Khi Ckick vao hai nut nay no se di chuyen ti hoac lui trong bang hng
dan.

2.Bo lap trnh PLC mo phong :
Cac ky hieu cua PLC ve cac ngo I/O c the hien qua c cau sau :

IV. Phng phap lap trnh FXTRN-BEG-E:
1.S dung phan mem mo phong PLC:
a. Giao dien lap trnh Ladder:

b.Phng phap s dung:
1 Thiet lap mot chng trnh mi : Chon Project New project .Luc mot chng
trnh a c thiet lap tren FXTRN-BEG-E. Man hnh lap trnh cho phep ngi s
dung viet chng trnh.

2 Lu chng trnh :
Chon Project Save .Luc nay se xuat hien ca so Save as

Go vao ten chng trnh Go vao ten loai chng trnh

Lu chng trnh vi mot ten khac : Chon Project Save as
1 Mi mot chng trnh : Chon Project Open . Sau o xuat hien ca so Open
Project.

c. Nap chng trnh PLC:
Co the click vao Write to PLC tren bang
ieu khien t xa ( Ngi tr ly hng dan) .
Hoac co the chon Online Write to PLC.
2. Phng phap lap trnh:
a.Tiep iem thng m:
Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm F5 .Sau o xuat hien ca so Enter
symbol
b.Tiep iem thng ong:
Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm Shift+F5 . Sau o xuat hien ca so Enter
symbol

c.Tiep iem thng m song song:
Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm F6 .Sau o xuat hien ca so

Dang tiep iem song song :

d.Tiep iem thng ong dang song song:
Kch vao bieu tng h oac nhan phm Shift+F6 .Sau o xuat hien ca so

Dang tiep iem thng ong song song:

e. Cuon day:( bao gom Y,T,C,M,S) kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm F7 .Sau
o xuat hien ca so

Cac dang cuon day:
1 Cuon day Y:

2 Cuon day Timer (T):

3 Cuon day Counter (C):

4 Relay phu tr M:

5 Relay trang thai S: (c hieu)

f. Cung cap ham truyen at:
Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm F8 .Sau o xuat hien ca so Enter symbol

Cac ham truyen a c gii thieu chng III.

3.X ly trang thai mach:
1 Mach thang:
Kch vao hoac nhan phm F9 va nhan ENTER ( ).
2 .Mach re nhanh :
Kch vao hoac nhan phm Shift+F9 va nhan ENTER ( ).
3 Xoa mach thang:
Nhan Ctrl + F9, at con tro tai v tr muon xoa.
4 Xoa mach vuong goc:
Nhan ctrl + F10, at con tro ben phai v tr muon xoa.

4. X ly trong FXTRN-BEG-E:
a. Khai bao cac I/O:
Chon EditI/O list. Tai ay co the xem cac khai bao trong chng trnh mo
phong.

b.ieu chnh toc o trong mo hnh:
Chon ToolsOption.

*Simulation speed adjustment : ieu chnh toc o hoat ong cho cac co cau trong mo
hnh mo phong.Chon OK.
c.Thoat chng trnh:
Chon File Exit.

Trng HCN TP.HCM GIAO TRNH PLC
Trung Tam CONG NGHE IEN Mitsubishi

BO MON T ONG 1

CHNG V
LRL BRl TRP UNU 0UNU TRUNU
PLL FXTRNBEUE

I. CAC DANG BAI TAP

A. Gii thieu ve ho lap trnh FX (Learn the FX series PLC ) :

Bai tap Chu e Mc o kho Noi dung ieu khien
A-1 Gii thieu ve
cac loai PLC FX
Cac ng dung cua phan
mem
mo phong qua cac ngo
I/O
1 ieu khien ca
A-2 ng dung ve
chung loai PLC FX
Gii thieu cac ho PLC FX 1 ieu khien ca
A-3 Cach thc
thiet lap mot
chng trnh
ng dung cho ngi mi
bat au lap trnh PLC
1 ieu khien bang tai

B. S dung cac ngo ieu khien (Let`s study the Basics):

B-1 Cac ngo I/O
c ban trong
chng trnh
Tm hieu ve cac ngo I/O
trong chng trnh
1 ieu khien en

B-2 Mot chng
trnh c ban
Tm hieu ve ngo ra va
ham lenh SET- RST
1 ieu khien en

B-3 Chng trnh
ieu khien thiet lap
bang thi gian
Tm hieu ve dang chng
trnh nhanh
1 ieu khien en giao
thong vi hai en n
B-4 Tm hieu ve
cac k hieu ngo vao
Tm hieu ve cac he thong
cam bien va c cau hoat
ong cua cac day truyen
n gian


BO MON T ONG 2

C. Dang lap trnh c ban (Easy dose it !):

C-1 Van hanh c
cau bang timer c
ban
Tm hieu ve timer on
delay
1 ieu khien ca

C-2 ng dung
timer trong chng
trnh 1
Tm hieu ve timer off
delay va cach dung thi
gian theo doi
1 ieu khien ca

C-3 ng dung
timer trong chng
trnh 2
S chuyen oi thi gian
trong timer
2 ieu khien en giao
thong vi hai en n
C-4 Chng trnh
couter c ban
Tm hieu ve hoat ong
em cua couter

D. Bat au vi phan lap trnh c ban( Begginer Challenge ):

D-1 Thanh phan
phuc vu ng dung
trong lap trnh
Tm hieu ve s ieu
khien t ong trong nha
hang
1 ieu khien khu vc
phuc vu trong nha
hang

D-2 Che o hoat
ong cua cam bien
quang
Kha nang nhan biet cua
cam bien quang
1 ieu khien en tia

D-3 ieu khien
mach en giao
thong
ieu khien mach en
giao thong bang timer
theo chu ky
1 ieu khien en giao
thong vi ba en n
D-4 Bo phan nhan
biet kch c (I)
Kha nang nhan biet cua
sensor kch c
1 ieu khien bang tai va
robot cung cap san
pham
D-5 Tat va m
bang tai
tat va m bang tai trong
mot c cau san xuat
D-6 Hoat ong
cua bang tai
ieu khien bang tai
thong qua cac sensor d
lieu


BO MON T ONG 3

E. Thc hien chng trnh vi mc trung bnh ( Intermediate Challenge ):

E-1 Nut nhan n ieu khien en giao
thong bang nut nhan
2 ieu khien en giao
thong vi ba en n
E-2 S nhan biet
cua sensor kch
c(II)
Kha nang nhan biet kch
thc cua cac sensor
trong moi bo phan
2 ieu khien bang
truyen re nhanh

E-3 Bo phan tach
ri
S chuyen ong cua canh
tay robot thong qua ham
truyen
va robot

E-4 May khoan ieu khien may khoan va
cac thiet b khac trong c
cau
2 ieu khien bang tai,
may khoan va robot
cung cap san pham
E-5 ieu khien bo
phan cung cap
ieu khien s hoat ong
cua cac bo phan cung cap
va robot
E-6 ieu khien
bang tai
ieu khien chuyen ong
bang tai ti hoac lui
va robot

F. Thc hien chng trnh vi mc o kho (Advanced Challenge ) :

F-1 ieu khien
ca t ong
Van hanh ca t ong
ong/m
3 ieu khien ca
F-2 Chuyen ong
v tr trong c cau
ieu khien cac san pham
i qua cac khu vc cho
phep thong qua cac
sensor
3 ieu khien cac c cau
dng

F-3 Bo phan phan
phoi san pham
Phan phoi cac dang san
pham tuy theo kch thc
va pittong
F-4 Bo phan nhan
biet s sai lech
trong day truyen
Kha nang nhan biet san
pham tot/xau trong day
truyen thong qua cam
bien
may khoan va robot
cung cap san pham
F-5 ieu khien
chuyen ong quay
thuan/nghch
Chuyen ong cua bang
tai ti hoac lui
may khoan va robot
cung cap san pham

BO MON T ONG 4

F-6 ieu khien
thang may
S dung thang may 3 cap 3 ieu khien bang tai
va thang may
F-7 Kha nang
nhan biet va cung
cap san pham cua
sensor
Nhan biet san pham
thong qua sensor
4 ieu khien trang thai
hoat ong cua canh
tay robot On/Off

II. BAI GIAI THAM KHAO CAC BAI TAP MO HNH TRONG FXTRN-BEG-E

1. BAI TAP A3 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI

a/. Giao dien mo hnh


BO MON T ONG 5

b/. Bang Thiet b can dung (device Assignment)

Ngo thiet b K hieu ngo I/O Ten thiet b Chc nang
Input X024 Cong tac Khi ong va dng he thong
Input X000 Cam bien Nhan hang tai pitong
Output Y000
ong c ieu khien canh
tay robot
ieu khien bo phan cung cap
hang
Output Y001 ong c keo bang tai ON khi he thong lam viec
Output Y020 en o
Sang khi he thong ngng
hoat ong
Output Y023 en xanh
Sang khi he thong ang lam
viec
c/. Nguyen ly hoat ong:
Khi he thong ang ngng hoat ong th en o Y020 sang. Khi bat cong tac X024 th
cuon day Y00 va Y001 co ien va t duy tr v luc trc o cam bien X000 la thng ong .
Canh tay robot bat au cap hang len bang tai va bang tai quay thuan a hang ve cuoi hanh
trnh. Luc nay cuon day cong tac t Y002 cung cha co ien bi v c mac noi tiep vi tiep
iem thng m cua cam bien X000. Khi hang ti trc cam bien th lap tc cam bien nay oi
trang thai m tiep iem thng ong ngat ien cua hai cuon day Y000 va Y001 e ong c
keo bang tai ngng lai va canh tay robot tr ve trang thai ban au. ong thi ong tiep iem
thng m cap ien cho cuon day Y002 ieu khien pitong ay hang ve ni quy nh. Khi hang
va c ay xuong th cam bien oi trang thai ngat ien cuon day Y002 ong thi ong ien
cho Y000 va Y001 e canh tay robot tiep tuc cap hang va bang tai tiep tuc hoat ong theo
hanh trnh trc. Trong luc ang hoat ong en xanh Y023 sang.
Khi muon dng ta ch viec bat cong tac X024 lap tc canh tay robot tr ve trang thai
ban au. Neu con hang tren bang tai th day chuyen van hoat ong e khi hang ve het hanh
trnh th he thong mi ngng hoat ong va en oY20 sang bao day chuyen a ngng hoat
ong.

BO MON T ONG 6
d/. S o mach ien

2. BAI TAP B1 , B2 : IEU KHIEN EN
a/. Giao dien mo hnh


BO MON T ONG 7

Hay liet ke va mo ta nguyen tac hoat ong cua cac thiet b , lap bang trang thai . Dung ngon
ng ladder viet chng trnh ieu khien , nap chng trnh vao PLC , cho mo hnh van hanh.

Bang Thiet b can dung (device Assignment)

LOAI A CH THIET B TEN THIET B HOAT ONG
X20 Nut ieu khien en
xanh

X21 Nut ieu khien en o
X22 Nut ieu khien en o
NGO
VAO
X24 Nut ieu khien en o ON khi hang chuyen en quet ngang
bang tai dng.
Y0 en van hanh en xanh sang khi Y0 len mc on
Y1 en bao dng en vang sang khi Y1 len mc on
NGO
RA
Y2 en bao loi en o sang khi Y2 len mc on
BAI TAP B3 : IEU KHIEN EN GIAO THONG VI HAI EN N


BO MON T ONG 8



X20 Nut nhan K en o
X24 Cong tac K en o
X21 Nut nhan K en xanh
NGO
VAO
X25 Cong tac K en xanh
Y0 en tn hieu o en o sang khi Y0 len mc ON NGO
RA Y1 en tn hieu xanh en xanh sang khi Y1 len mc ON

BAI TAP B4 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI


BO MON T ONG 9



X00
X03
X20
NGO
VAO
X25
Y0
Y1
Y2
Y3
NGO
RA
Y5
BAI TAP C1, C2 : IEU KHIEN CA


BO MON T ONG 10



X00
X01
X20
NGO
VAO
X24
Y0
Y1
Y5
Y6
NGO
RA
Y7
BAI TAP C4 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI


BO MON T ONG 11



X00
X20
X21
NGO
VAO
X24
Y0
Y1
Y3
Y4
NGO
RA
Y5
BAI TAP D1: IEU KHIEN KHU VC PHUC VU TRONG NHA HANG


BO MON T ONG 12



X00
X01
X20
NGO
VAO
X21
Y0 NGO
RA Y1

BAI TAP D2 : IEU KHIEN EN TIA


BO MON T ONG 13



X00
X01
X02
NGO
VAO
X03
Y0
Y1
Y2
Y3
NGO
RA
Y7
BAI TAP D3 : IEU KHIEN EN GIAO THONG VI BA EN N


BO MON T ONG 14



X24 NGO
VAO X25
Y0
Y1
Y2
Y20
Y21
NGO
RA
Y23

BAI TAP D4, D5 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI VA ROBOT CUNG CAP SAN PHAM


BO MON T ONG 15



X00
X01
X02
X04
X05
NGO
VAO

X20
Y03 NGO
RA Y05

BAI TAP D6 : IEU KHIEN KHI ONG VA DNG BANG TAI


BO MON T ONG 16




NGO
VAO

NGO
RA

BAI TAP E1 : IEU KHIEN EN GIAO THONG VI BA EN N DUNG NUT
NHAN

BO MON T ONG 17




NGO
VAO

NGO
RA

BAI TAP E2 : IEU KHIEN BANG TRUYEN RE NHANH


BO MON T ONG 18




NGO
VAO

NGO
RA

Chng trnh ladder bai tap E2

BO MON T ONG 19

BAI TAP E3 :IEU KHIEN BANG TAI VA ROBOT


BO MON T ONG 20




NGO
VAO

NGO
RA


BO MON T ONG 21


BAI TAP E4 :IEU KHIEN BANG TAI MAY KHOAN VA ROBOT


BO MON T ONG 22




NGO
VAO

NGO
RA


BO MON T ONG 23

BAI TAP E5 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI VA ROBOT CUNG CAP SAN PHAM


BO MON T ONG 24




NGO
VAO

NGO
RA


BO MON T ONG 25


BAI TAP E6 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI VA ROBOT CUNG CAP SAN PHAM


BO MON T ONG 26




NGO
VAO

NGO
RA


BO MON T ONG 27


BAI TAP F1 : IEU KHIEN CA

BO MON T ONG 28




NGO
VAO

NGO
RA

BAI TAP F2 : IEU KHIEN CAC C CAU DNG

BO MON T ONG 29




NGO
VAO

NGO
RA

BAI TAP F3 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI VA PITTONG

BO MON T ONG 30




NGO
VAO

NGO
RA


BO MON T ONG 31

Chng trnh ladder bai tap F3


BO MON T ONG 32


BO MON T ONG 33

BAI TAP F4 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI MAY KHOAN VA ROBOT




NGO
VAO

NGO
RA


BO MON T ONG 34

BAI TAP F5 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI MAY KHOAN VA ROBOT




NGO
VAO

NGO
RA


BO MON T ONG 35



BO MON T ONG 36


BO MON T ONG 37

BAI TAP F6 : IEU KHIEN BANG TAI VA THANG MAY




NGO
VAO

NGO
RA


BO MON T ONG 38



BO MON T ONG 39


BO MON T ONG 40

BAI TAP F7 : IEU KHIEN HOAT ONG CUA CANH TAY ROBOT


BO MON T ONG 41




NGO
VAO

NGO
RA



BO MON T ONG 42


BO MON T ONG 43

V du 1: LHUUNU TRlNH MU PHUNU E5
I. Cac thiet b c s dung trong chng trnh E-5:

BO MON T ONG 44

Canh tay robot co nhiem vu cung cap thung cacton cho bang tai
Bang tai co nhiem vu di chuyen theo chieu t trai sang phai .
Bo phan cung cap cam.

II.Nguyen ly hoat ong :
Khi bat cong tac X24 th bang tai hoat ong Y1 che o ON ( luc nay canh tay robot
cha cung cap thung cacton bi v Y0 che o OFF ). Sau khi kch xung X20 , luc nay canh
tay Robot se cung cap thung cacton cho bang tai . bang tai di chuyen mang theo thung cacton ,
khi thung cacton en gan bo phan cung cap cam th sensor X1 se hoat ong e tac ong Y1
chuyen t trang thai On sang Off . Tiep theo bo phan cung cap cam se hoat ong thong qua
cam bien


BO MON T ONG 45

X2 . Khi thung cacton a co 5 qua cam ( do bo em counter thiet lap ) th bo counter se thong
bao cho timer T0 hoat ong e cho bang tai mang thung cacton cha cam en kho cat gia .

Khi thung cam i qua cuoi bang ( Tai ay co lap at sensor X5 ) th luc nay canh tay Robot se
c kch hoat thong cam bien X5 va relay phu tr M7 .

Bang thiet b :

Ngo thiet
b
Ten thiet b K hieu
ngo I/O
Chc nang
INPUT iem bat au cua canh
tay robot

X000 ON khi robot tai v tr bat au
INPUT Cam bien nhan biet hop
cactong tren bang tai
X001 On khi thung cactong pha di bo
phan cung cap cam
INPUT Cam bien cung cap cam X002 On khi bo counter em
INPUT Cam bien trang thai X005 On khi thung cactong i qua e tr ve
trang thai khi tao ban au

OUTPUT Bo phan cung cap thung
cactong thong qua canh
tay robot

Y000 ieu khien bo phan cung cap thung
cactong cho bang tai
OUTPUT Bang tai chuyen ong
theo chieu t trai sang
phai

Y001 Bang tai chuyen ong khi Y1 che o
ON
OUTPUT Bo phan cung cap cam Y002 Khi Y2 che o ON th cac qua cam
c cung cap cho thung cactong

III.Chng trnh ieu khien :

1) Chng trnh ieu khien c cau hoat ong h :


BO MON T ONG 46

2) Chng trnh ieu khien c cau dang xung :

a) Chng trnh 1:

BO MON T ONG 47

b) Chng trnh 2:

BO MON T ONG 48


BO MON T ONG 49

Cac chng trnh ieu khien 1 va 2 co che o hoat ong luan phien theo t chu
ky,thong qua viec s dung sensor X5 lam moc khi tao trang thai ban au.Viec s dung mot
chng trnh t ong se lam cong viec tr nen n gian hn va hieu qua hn trong cong tac
van hanh c cau trong mot day chuyen san xuat phc tap .

IV. Cac ham lenh c s dung trong chng trnh ieu khien :
1. Ham LD, LDP : dung tao trang thai kch hoat cho c cau thong qua X20 .
2. Ham AND ,ANI,: dung lam cac tiep iem trang thai cho cac sensor , bang tai ,
counter , canh tay Robot, relay trang thai M.
3. Ham OR ,ORI : dung lam cac tiep iem trang thai cho cac sensor , bang tai , counter ,
canh tay Robot, relay trang thai M.
4. Ham SET , RST : dung lam trang thai khi tao cho Counter va c cau thong qua relay
trang thai M9.
5. Ham PLS : dung lam trang thai khi tao chng trnh thong qua Y006. (Chung ta cung
co the dung kenh PLF e khi tao chng trnh ieu khien ).
6. Ham MRD :dung tao cac nhanh cho mach ien bac thang .
ieu khien c cau :
Sau khi nap chng trnh [Write to PLC ].
Luc nay bo plc se chuye t trang thai OFF sang RUN .
Bat cong tac X24 , e cho bang tai hoat ong ( luc nay ch co duy nhat bang
tai hoat ong trong c cau ).
Nhan nut nhan X20 e cho c cau hoat ong . (Canh tay Robot se cung cap
thung cha cam ).
Cac thiet b :
Canh tay Robot :
Nhiem vu chnh cua canh
tay Robot la cung cap
thung cactong cho day
chuyen .Canh tay robot
hoat ong khi no v tr
iem bat au nh hnh.

Bang tai :
Nhiem vu cua bang tai la van chuyen
thung cactong rong en bo phan cung cap
cam va van chyen thung cha cam en
ni lu tr .


BO MON T ONG 50

Bo phan cung cap cam :
Nhiem vu chnh cua bo phan nay la cung cap cam cho thung
cactong pha di thanh trt cung cap cam .

Cam bien nhan biet : ( cam bien hong ngoai )
Sensor X5 co nhiem vu nhan biet thung cha cam i qua , bang
cach nhan ng vien pha hong cua thung cha cam .

Cam bien nhan biet thung cactong khi thung en gan bo phan
cung cap cam la sensor X1.
Cam bien ieu khien qua trnh cung cap cam la sensor X2.

V du 2 : MRLH EN UlRU THUNU HRl LHE U

Mach en giao thong la yeu cau thiet yeu cho phan thc hanh ieu khien ng dung dung bo
ieu khien lap trnh PLC . Mach en giao thong co the c thiet lap bang cau lenh tuan t
hoac ngau nhien .
I.Nguyen ly hoat ong :

1. bang trang thai hoat ong :

Che o 1:

TH T XANH 1 VANG 1 O 1 XANH 2 VANG 2 O 2
1 1 0 0 0 0 1
2 0 1 0 0 0 1
3 0 0 1 1 0 0
4 0 0 1 0 1 0
5 1 0 0 0 0 1

Che o 2:

BO MON T ONG 51

TH T XANH 1 VANG 1 O 1 XANH 2 VANG 2 O 2
1 0 1 0 0 1 0
2 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 1 0 0 1 0

2. Bieu o trang thai :

CHE O 1:
XANH 1
VANG 1
O 1
XANH 2
VANG 2
O 2

CHE O 2:

VANG 1
VANG 2

II.Chng trnh ieu khien :

BO MON T ONG 52

1. Chng trnh ieu khien tuan t :


BO MON T ONG 53


BO MON T ONG 54

2. Chng trnh ieu khien ngau nhien:

K10
K10
K40
K30
K40
Y1
Y6
Y2
Y5
T1
X1
X0
X0
X0
T2 T0 T0
T2 T0
T4
T4
T4
T5
T5
T4
T2
T3
K30
Y7
Y0
T1
T0
T3
T0
T1
T0
T2 X0


BO MON T ONG 55

chng VI
LUR LHUN, LRP RT, KlEM TRR
VR BRU TRl HE THUNU PLL
I. Xem xet s kha thi :
Trong trng hp nao o viec xem xet ve s kha thi la yeu cau khong the thieu trong mot
quyet nh hay mot giai phap ieu khien. Pham vi cua lnh vc nay co the thay oi rat
nhieu, t viec n gian la ac ta tnh kha thi cua yeu cau cho en viec phan tch toan dien
moi trng hp. Viec nghien cu tnh kha thi bao gom nhng lnh vc sau:
- tnh kha thi ve kinh te
- tnh kha thi ve ky thuat
- s la chon cac phng an : nghien cu anh gia cac phng an e a ra phng an
toi u.
II. Trnh t thiet ke he thong PLC:
V PLC c thiet ke dang modun nen gan nh viec thiet ke va cai at phan cng, phan mem
c thc hien ong thi nhng oc lap vi nhau. Viec thc hien nh vay co u iem la tiet
kiem thi gian va he thong linh hoat bat chat chc nang cua he thong.
1. Chon PLC :
Hien nay tren th trng co rat nhieu loai PLC vi cac tnh nang ngay cang c tang
cng nham cai thien hieu suat va chat lng. Tuy nhien, hau het PLC cung c th co cac
chc nang ieu khien tng ng nhau. iem khac nhau quan trong nhat la ngon ng lap
trnh, cung vi cac mc o ve s ho tr cua nha san xuat. S ho tr t nha san xuat la yeu to
quan trong khi thc hien thiet ke mot he thong ieu khien t ong.
Viec chon PLC cua hang nao la do s quen dung oi vi PLC o va he thong ieu khien
noi chung. oi vi nhng ngi co kinh nghiem trong viec thiet ke va lap at he thong ieu
khien, van e quan trong la s vt troi ve ky thuat va hieu suat. oi vi nhng ngi cha co
kinh nghiem nhieu ve PLC va khong nam vng ve th trng PLC th can xem xet nhng van
e sau ay :
- ngi dung co nhan c s ho tr trong cong viec thiet ke?
- T le ve th trng va lnh vc ng dung cua nha san xuat.
- Nha san xuat co to chc cac khoa huan luyen ve he thong PLC ang s dung?
- So tay va tai lieu hien co vi ngon ng oc c.
- Kha nang tng thch gia cac he thong tng ng hoac loai PLC khac cua cung
nha san xuat.
- Phng phap lap trnh co thch hp vi cac ieu khien ng dung.
2. Loai va c PLC:
S lu chon nay co the thc hien cung vi viec la chon nha san xuat PLC. Quy mo cua
he thong co mot so iem can xem xet:
- Yeu cau ngo vao ra can thiet

BO MON T ONG 56

- Loai ngo vao/ra.
- Dung lng bo nh.
- Toc do va kha nang cua CPU va tap lenh.

3. So lng ngo vao ra:
So lng ngo vao ra cua PLC phai co kha nang ap ng u so ng tn hieu t cam bien
cung nh ng ieu khien phan cong suat do c cau tac ong. Cac tn hieu khong nhng tuan
theo cac ch tieu ky thuat cua he thong nh la mc ien ap, dong tai, tan so ap ng ma con
quan tam en cac iem sau:
- So lng va ngo vao ra tren moi modun(hay tren PLC neu cac ngo vao ra co san
tren PLC) .
- S cach ly gia bo ieu khien va phan cong suat ieu khien c cau tac ong.
- Nhu cau ve ngo vao ra s ly toc o cao, ieu khien au ra t xa, hay cac chc nang
chuyen dung khac.
- Nhu cau m rong them kha nang m rong va lap at them ngo vao ra.
- Nguon cap ien cho cac ngo vao ra, ngh la nhu cau co modun PSU (Power Source
Unitl) cung cap cho mach chuyen oi tn hieu hay c cau tac ong

4. Dung lng bo nh:
oi vi PLC co kha nang m rong bo nh th dung lng bo nh co the c m rong
bang cach gan them hop bo nh (memory cassette). Dung lng bo nh phu thuoc vao so
lng ngo vao ra s dung tren he thong. Mot chng trnh ieu khien phc tap, dung nhieu
logic khoa lan hay cac chng trnh trnh t hien nhien can nhieu bo nh hn la chng trnh
n gian.

BO NH CAN THIET = BO NH NGO VAO RA + BO NH CHNG TRNH + BO
NH LU D LIEU CHO CAC LENH CHUYEN DUNG + KHOANG DUNG LNG
CAN THIET CHO M RONG VA HIEU CHNH CHNG TRNH SAU NAY.

5. Tap lenh CPU:
Moi PLC eu phai co tap lenh e phuc vu cho viec lap trnh giai quyet cac nhiem vu ieu
khien. Tat ca cac PLC eu co the hieu c lenh ieu khien logic, ieu khien trnh t s
khac nhau noi bat la kha nang s ly d lieu, nhng chc nang chuyen dung va truyen thong.
PLC loai ln co tap lenh manh hn cac PLC nho hn. Tuy nhien ta nen xem xet ky kha nang
cua PLC loai nho va trung bnh thng co the cung co cac chc nang chuyen dung rat tot nh
chc nang ieu khien PID.
cac PLC dang modun co the la chon c modun CPU vi cac mc o va toc o va
kha nang s ly. Khi so lng va kha nang s ly tang, yeu cau ve toc o CPU cung tang, v khi
o CPU phai x ly nhieu lenh hn trong mot chu ky quet cua PLC. ieu o co the oi hoi
phai dung CPU manh hn neu thi gian quet khong ap ng c nhu cau.

BO MON T ONG 57

e co the la chon c mot he thong ap ng c nhu cau ieu khien, viec thiet ke
phan cng va phan mem co the c thc hien oc lap.

III.To chc bo tr phan cng he thong:
Khi xac nh c phan cng thch hp, chung ta phai xem xet en van e bo tr no nh
the nao tren he thong. Cong viec nay n gian la viec xac nh v tr tng modul: CPU, modul
m rong, modul chc nang chuyen dung c lap tren thanh ray.
Viec lap at thong bieu dien bang s o vi chi tiet ve v tr, loai modul, mc tn hieu va
v tr trong bo nh

PSU

240V
AC

Main
CPU
240V
8 Ngo
Digital

..
0-10V
2 kenh
Analog
24V
16 ngo
Digital
24V
8 ngo
Digital

0-10V
4 kenh
Analog

Ngo ra Ngo vao

Bo tr cac PLC dang modul

1. Bo tr trong tu ien:
Co the co nhieu cach bo tr tu ien PLC, phu thuoc vao so lng va loai thiet b s dung
va kch thc vat ly cua tu ien. Ngi ta thng gan PLC vao v tr thuan tien cho thao tac,
cho phep:
- Chen vao va them modul
- Noi cac panen lap trnh
- De dang thao tac noi day pha trc va pha sau panen
- Quan sat de dang cac en ch bao
e giam bt anh hng cua nhieu, thanh gan PLC thng at cach xa toi thieu 80
100mm; khoang cach nay nham tao s thong thoang cho cac modul gan tren thanh.

2. Ket noi day:
Cong viec thiet ke phan cng se da vao s o bo tr va chi tiet cac modul e trien khai s
o noi day cho viec lap at thanh va noi cap vi cac thiet b cua nha may. Nhiem vu thiet ke
ve ien bao gom hoach nh ng noi cap, chi tiet bo tr thanh, nguon cap ien va ong day
cho modul truyen thong. ng i cua cap phai c xem xet e tranh nhieu, cac cap co lien
he vi nhau c nhom chung lai vi nhau va c tach biet vi cac nhom khac.

BO MON T ONG 58

Viec thiet ke nen dung cap co boc che chan e noi vi cac ngo vao/ra cua PLC. Khi noi
cap dai, cac ng tn hieu vao va ra nen tach rieng tren cac day cap khac nhau. Cac boc che
chan nen c noi at tai mot iem duy nhat e tranh nhieu noi at tn hieu.
3. Lap at:
Viec lap at phan cng bao gom viec bo tr cac tu ien va cac thanh gan tren PLC, sau o
lap at va noi day.
Tu gan PLC va cac khe cam phu phai c ap ng ay u yeu cau ve moi trng, nh
van e bao mat, an toan va bao ve nh sau:
- Bao mat: tu at ni chat chan va ca co khoa.
- An toan: trang b mach t ong ngat hay bao ong neu tu ien b m
- Bao ve: tranh o am hay moi trng an mon do khong kh bang cach lam kn tren
khung nap. Viec ngan tnh ien bang cach noi at cho than khung lap.
- Vi muc ch bao tr, cac khe cam c bo tr de dang thc hien kiem tra, thay the
cac modul. Cac en ch th on/off hay en ch th trang thai hoat ong nen gan tren
ca tu.
IV.Chay th chng trnh:
Khi hoan tat viec lap at he thong, bc ke tiep la th he thong. Viec chay th chng
trnh gom hai giai oan c ban:
- Kiem tra viec ket noi day gia PLC va cac thiet b c ieukhien.
- Cai chng trnh ieu khien va chay th chng trnh
Viec noi ket he thong phai c thc hien can than e am bao cac ngo vao/ra c noi
ung en cac ngo vao/ra tren PLC. Trc khi phan cng c kiem tra, phai kiem tra lai toan
bo cac nguon cap ien chnh, viec noi at.
Chay th chng trnh vi ngo vao gia lap:

PLC th

Cong tac en th / r le

Gia lap tn hieu analog ngo Th tn hieu analog

Gia lap dung cong tac

Lap at va chay chng trnh tren he thong that: khi chng trnh a chay th tot, ta co the
chuyen sang bc th tren thiet b thc te .

BO MON T ONG 59

Hieu chnh chng trnh:
Mot trong nhng u iem ln cua PLC la de dang thay oi chng trnh. giai oan thiet
ke va hoan tat d an, u iem nay cho phep thay oi va th i th lai nhieu lan chng trnh
en khi thoa man thiet ke.
Lu chng trnh d phong: Khi hoan tat giai oan th va hieu chnh chng trnh, cac ban
sao d phong tng ng vi tng giai oan phai c lu tr kem theo cac mo ta ve chung.
Ngay ca khi chng trnh c viet xong nen lu mot ban d phong e nap lai chng trnh
khi bo nh tren PLC b h.

V.Lap tai lieu cho he thong:
Tap tai lieu ay u cho viec lap at PLC nen bao gom cac phan sau:
- Cac ac ta ve ke hoach hay tien trnh thc hien.
- Cac ac ta va ac iem ve yeu cau ieu khien
- Cac ac ta ve PLC gom ca so tay ve thiet b can ieu khien.
- Cac ac ta ve cac chc nang cua chng trnh ieu khien, gom lu o hay s o chc
nang, bo nh va s cap phat bo nh.
- Toan bo chng trnh cung vi cac chu thch va giai thch.
- Tap chng trnh d phong.
- S o lap at ien va mo ta
- Danh sach cac thiet b xuat nhap d lieu gom ca man hnh hien th, may in
- So tay s dung ghi chi tiet trnh t khi ong he thong, dng he thong va cac bao
ong cua he thong.

VI.Bao tr he thong PLC:

1. Loi do PLC:

PLC c thiet ke e hoat ong tinh cay va ben vng trong moi trng cong nghiep. ay la
u iem chnh vt troi so vi ieu khien c ien t truyen thong va ieu khien t may vi tnh.
Do cau truc mach ien t mach va can tnh ien hieu qua nen cac mach ien trong PLC s
dung an toan cac ni khong thuan li ve moi trng, de gay ra cac h hong cho phan cng
ve ien va ve vat ly.

PLC c bao ve tranh cac kha nang h hong tren cac ngo vao/ra bi cac mach cach ly
quang (opto-isolated). Viec dung bo nh RAM co nguon pin nuoi hay EEPROM lu gi c
chng trnh bao am c san xuat van c duy tr neu chng trnh b mat hay sai do
nguon cap ien b hong hay trong cac trng hp tng t. Tom lai, cac bien phap kha thi
trong thiet ke c ap dung cho PLC nham at c o tin cay cao co the c vi gia thanh
hp ly.


BO MON T ONG 60

Ty le
H hong

Khoang thi gian hoat ong tot Thi gian

o th bieu dien t le phan tram h hong theo thi gian

Tuy nhien, o tin cay cao khong co ngha la he thong hoan toan khong b hong. Du s
dung cac vi mach ien t co chat lng cao va c lap rap theo tieu chuan cao th PLC van
co loi. PLC thng c th rat ky trc khi xuat xng va chung c cho chay lien tuc
chng trnh th trong thi gian dai.
Loi do PLC: cac loi nghiem trong lam cho PLC b ngng hoat ong, mot so loi khac co the
cho phep PLC tiep tuc hoat ong, hien th ma loi tren cac man hnh thong bao hay tren cac
en bay oan. Khi Self-test khong thanh cong, PLC b ngng hoat ong va khong khi ong
c cho en khi loi c khac phuc.

2. Loi t phan cng ben ngoai PLC:
PLC la mot phan trong phan ieu khien; trong he thong co cam bien, c cau tac ong, day
ket noi, nguon cap ien va chng trnh ieu khien. Moi phan eu co kha nang h hong; tuy
nhien phan ln ty le h hong thuoc ve cac bo phan, thiet b nam ben ngoai PLC nh:
- H hong thiet b vao/ra mach chuyen oi tn hieu hay c cau tac ong.
- H hong phan day ket noi.
- H hong phan day ket noi truyen thong.
- Nguon cap ien khong on nh nhieu hai mc nguon.

3. Trnh t lap trnh bao loi:

Van e bao ve: Mot dang loi trong PLC ve s ly thng lien quan en mach bao ve
(watchdog). Hau het PLC co trang b rle bao ve(watchdog relay) ben trong dung e ieu
khien nguon cap ien cho mot hay nhieu thiet b ben ngoai.
Van e an toan: Mac du chng trnh co hoan hao va tinh vi en au th cung co khi s ly
sai, chng trnh se lam viec khong ung ngay ca khi PLC ang hoat ong bnh thng. V
khong co PLC nao co o tin cay la 100% nen la ch co cach la thiet ke mot he thong an toan
thong qua mach phan cng hn la thong qua phan mem.


BO MON T ONG 61

4. Mach an toan bang phan cng:
Cac mach nay phai c thiet ke oc lap vi PLC va nen phoi hp vi cac cong tac bao
ve(watchdog relay) cua PLC e am bao mach nay thc hien viec ngat he thong neu PLC b
loi.
Thng nut nhan Start vaStop c thiet ke noi vao ngo vao cua PLC, ngha la Start va Stop
c thc hien bi chng trnh, trong khi o cong tac va nut nhan EMERGENCY STOP
(dng khan cap) dung e dng s chuyen ong cua may va cac thiet b co nhieu kha nang gay
nguy hiem phai c thiet ke mach phan cng.

5. Sa loi :
Khi he thong ieu khien cha lam viec hay ang chay ung, nguyen nhan cac h hong
phai c xac nh, phai c khac phuc theo trnh t:
- Ghi chu va nghien cu cac trieu chng.
- Xac nh cac vung co nghi van.
- Co lap loi.
- Sa loi.
Sa loi : neu loi a c xac nh th can phai thay the mot modun nao o; khi o, tuy
thuoc vao chc nang cua modun o ma co the phai cau hnh lai cho he thong. Neu loi xay ra
trong chng trnh th ngi thiet ke he thong nen xem xet ky trc khi thc hien thay oi nao
o cua chng trnh, v con co cac hoat ong khac lien quan en cac dong lenh se b thay oi.
Khi loi ben ngoai PLC, thiet b hay day noi se c sa cha hay thay the.

Nguon
ien
Cong tac
wachtdog t PLC
nut nhan emergency
stop cuc bo
May 0 May 2 May 1
en mach emergency
stop cua he thong
Khoa h
(dng)
Mach phan cng EMERGENCY STOP thong dung
Chng trnh
Mo-dun
vao
Bo x ly
cua PLC
Mo-dun
ra
Nguon cap ien
Thiet b
ngo ra
Cam bien
ngo vao
Cac thanh phan cua he thong PLC

BO MON T ONG 101

ChngVI
S DUNG PHAN MEM FXGP-WINE
I-Gii thieu:
Phan mem lap trnh cho PLC cua MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC la phan mem
FXGP-WINE .Phan mem nay cho phep lap trnh tren cac c cau san xuat thc te.ay la
phan mem ng dung da tren WINDOWS . Ngoai ra hang MITSUBISHI con co phan mem
mo phong da tren cac c cau san xuat thc te ,nham giup chung ta co mot cai nhn khai
quat hn.
-Dung lng ca FX_WINE 1,38 MB.
-Cai at tren tat ca cac he ieu hanh WINDOWS
-Bo nh 8MB hoac ln hn.
-Display 640x480 hoac cao hn.
-Cong ket noi t PLC en may tnh, cap truyen RS-232C nen may tnh can t nhat
mot cong COM1 hoac nhieu hn.
Khi tao phan mem FX_WINE:
Click vao bieu tng FX e khi tao
phan lap trnh FX-WINE

Viec khi tao phan mem FXGP_WINE tuy thuoc viec cai at phan mem nay tai au.


BO MON T ONG 102

II.Phan mem FXGPWINE:
Sau khi khi tao chng trnh lap trnh FXGPWINE tren man hnh se xuat hien ca so
PLC type setting

Chon ho FX can dung cho viec lap trnh , sau o click OK.

1.Giao dien FXGPWINE:


BO MON T ONG 103

2.Gii thieu ve thanh Menu:
a.Menu File:

*New..: Tao mot chng trnh mi.
*Open..: Mi mot chng trnh mi.
*Save : Lu mot chng trnh .
*Save as :Lu chng trnh vi mot ten khac.
*Exit : Thoat khoi chng trnh FXGPWINE.
b.Menu edit :


BO MON T ONG 104

* Cut : Xoa tai v tr con tro.
* Line delete :Xoa mot dong tai v tr con tro.
* Line Insert :Chen mot dong tai v tr con tro.
Trong thanh MenuEditLine insert
* Block select : Xac nh v tr cua khoi tai up va
down.
* Coil comment:V tr cuon day.
* Block comment:V tr khoi.

c.Menu Tools:
*Contact :Khai bao cac tiep iem thng ong va thng m.
*Coil: Khai bao cuon day.
*Function: Khai bao ve ham truyen.
*Wire: Khai bao cac line trong mach.
*All clear:Xoa tat ca line.
*Convert: Xac nhan cac line.


BO MON T ONG 105

d.MenuView:

Ladder view :Chuyen t ngon ng Instruction sang Ladder.
Instruction view :Chuyen t ngon ng ladder sang Instruction.
SFC view : Chuyen sang ngon ng SFC.
Comment view: khai bao ve cac thiet b
lap trnh.
Khai bao ten cac thiet b I/O:
Tai thanh Menu ViewComment View

-Device name: ten thiet b.
-Device comment: Chu thch ve
thiet b X, Y, T, C, M, S.
-Block comment: Chu thch ve
khoi Ladder trong Step#.
Go vao ten cac thiet b
X,Y,T,C,M,S chon OK.
-Coil comment : Chu thch ve cuon
day trong Step#.
Tai ca so Comment sau khi nhap
double vao Device comment, tuy
theo viec chon thiet b .Sau o khai bao
cac thiet b tai ca so Comment.


BO MON T ONG 106

Nhap double vao Block comment
se xuat hien ca so Set Step numer.
Sau o xuat hien ca so Block comment
Tai ay khai bao cac khoi (Block).

Nhap double vao Coil comment xuat hien
ca so Set Step number.
Sau o xuat hien ca so Coil comment .
Tai ay khai bao cac cuon day (Coil).
Go vao so bc can chu thch . Chon OK
Go vao so bc can chu thch . Chon OK
Go vao cac chu thch


BO MON T ONG 107

e.Menu PLC :

Go vao cac chu thch

Tranfers : nap chng trnh PLC t may tnh en bo ieu khien lap trnh
Read : nap chng t bo PLC ve may tnh .
Write : nap chng trnh t may tnh en bo PLC.
Verify : co chc nang kiem tra lai qua trnh nap chng trnh.
Register data tranfers : kiem tra d lieu thanh ghi .
PLC memory clear : co chc nang xoa bo nh cua PLC.

BO MON T ONG 108

f. Menu Option :

Chc nang quan trong nhat cua thanh cong cu nay la kiem tra loi cua chng trnh .
Chon Option Program check Sau o se xuat hien ca so Program check

Syntax error check: kiem tra loi ve cu phap trong ngon ng lap trnh PLC.
Double coil check, kiem tra loi ve thiet b ngo ra cua PLC , bao gom cac lenh:
OUT, SET, RST, PLS, PLF, MC.
Circuit error check: kiem tra ve loi mach ien .
Chon Exit e kiem tra loi cua chng trnh .

Chu y:
- No error : Khong co loi, va co the nap chng trnh t may tnh vao PLC.

BO MON T ONG 109

III. Cac bc lap mot chng trnh mi:
1.M mot tap tin mi:
Nhan Ctrl+N, hoac vao Menu FILENEW , hay co the kch vao bieu tng .

2.Chon kieu PLC:
Sau khi tao tap tin mi
se xuat hien ca so PLC type
settingFX1OK.

3.M mot tap tin:
Kch vao bieu tng , hay vao Menu FILEOPEN, hoac nhan CTRL+O

4.Lu mot tap tin:
Kch vao bieu tng , hay vao Menu FILESAVE, hoac nhan CTRL+S .

IV. Phng phap lap trnh:
1. Ngon ng lap trnh LADDER:
Ngon ng ladder thng c s dung e thiet ke he thong ieu khien mi .Khi
viet chng trnh ladder e ieu khien thiet b co hoat ong n gian th t co oi hoi ve
hoach nh va thiet ke chng trnh .Ngi viet chng trnh co the hieu ro cac chc
nang cung nh hoat ong cua no , nhng ch trong mot thi gian nhat nh th ho se quen
i.Do o can phai co ke hoach e thiet ke mot chng trnh ieu khien lap trnh dang
Ladder.
Ngon ng lap trnh ladder c s dung rong rai, ay la ngon ng lap trnh dang
bac thang. Ngon ng nay co dang nh mot s o mach ien logic va dung cac ky hieu
ien e bieu dien cac cong tac logic ngo vao va cac relay logic ngo ra. Phan mem lap
trnh co nhiem vu bien dch cac ky hieu logic tren thanh ma may va c lu vao bo nh
cua PLC. Sau o, PLC se thc hien cac nhiem vu ieu khien theo logic the hien trong
chng trnh.
Ve phng phap lap trnh ngon ng ladder gom cac bc sau:
Xac nh yeu cau va phan tch yeu cau .
Thiet ke chng trnh.
Lap tai lieu thiet ke chng trnh.
Chay th chng trnh bang cac mo hnh gia nh.

ay la thanh cong cu s dung lap trnh cho Lader Bao
gom cac tiep iem , cac thiet b va cac ham truyen at
dung e lap trnh mot chng trnh PLC.


BO MON T ONG 110

a.Tiep iem thng m:
Kch bieu tng hoac nhan phm F5.Xuat hien ca so Input device.

b.Tiep iem thng m song song :
Go vao ten thiet b ngo vao (Input device). Chon OK hay
Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm Shift + F5 .Trong ca so Input device, go
vao ten thiet b ngo vao ( Input device). Chon OK hay Enter ( ).

c.Tiep iem thng ong:
Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm F6 .Trong ca so Input device , go vao ten
thiet b ngo vao ( Input device). Chon OK hay Enter ( ).

d. Tiep iem thng ong song song :
Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm F6 .Trong ca so Input device , go vao ten
thiet b ngo vao ( Input device). Chon OK hay Enter ( ).

e. X ly trang thai mach:
*Mach thang: Kch vao hoac nhan phm F9 va Enter ( ).
*Mach re nhanh: Kch vao hoac nhan phm Shitf+F9 va Enter ( ).
f. Cuon day:
Kch vao hoac nhan phm F7 .Xuat hien ca so Input device

Go vao ten thiet b ngo ra (output device). Chon OK hay enter


BO MON T ONG 111
Cac dang cuon day:
*Cuon day Y:

*Cuon day Timer (T):

*Cuon day Counter (C):

*Relay phu tr M:

*Relay trang thai S: (c hieu)

g.Cung cap ham truyen at :
Kch vao bieu tng hoac nhan phm F8 .Xuat hien khung ca so Input instruction

Go vao ten ham truyen. Chon OK hay enter

V du:
SET S0

2.Dang INSTRUCTION:
ay la dang lap trnh PLC c s dung cac lenh c ban trong chng 3 a trnh bay tren.
Giaodien:

Go vao ten ham truyen. Hay lenh


BO MON T ONG 112
b.Thanh cong cu:
*Lenh LD: nhan phm F5
*Lenh AND: nhan phm F6
*Lenh OR: nhan phm F7
*Lenh ANB: nhan phm F8
*Lenh OUT: nhan phm F9
Chu y :
Chen mot dong trong vung lap trnh dang Instruction:
Trong thanh Menu EditNOP insert..

V. BAI TAP NG DUNG PHAN MEM FX-WINE
A-Nhng ham logic c ban dung trong lap trnh :
a. Ham LD :

b. Ham LDI :

c. Ham LDP :

d. Ham LDF :
So can chen so ch tai v tr vet sang


BO MON T ONG 113

f. Ham ANDI :

g. Ham ANF :

e. Ham AND :

h. Ham ANP :
i. Ham OR :
j. Ham ORI :

BO MON T ONG 114

k. Ham ORP :

l. Ham ORF :

m. Ham ANB :

n. Ham ORB :
o. Ham OUT :

p. Ham SET :

q. Ham RST :


BO MON T ONG 115

r. Ham END :
ay la ham ket thuc mot chng trnh lap trnh .
s. Ham tuan t STL:
Trong o ta co ham ket thuc RET dung e khi tao lai trang thai ban au cua chng
trnh tuan t. Thong qua cac c S0 en S9 cho phep chung ta la chon trang thai khi
tao thong qua cac c chuyen dung M8041 hoac cac c chc nang khac.

B-BAI TAP NG DUNG :

Ky hieu cac thiet b trong lap trnh:
1.Thiet b ngo vao (Input ) la X.
2.Thiet b ngo ra (Output ) la Y.
3.C trang thai (Internal flag) la M hoac S.
4.Bo nh th (Timer) la T.
5.Bo em (Counter) la C.
6.Hang so (Constant) la K ,c dung trong Timer va Counter.

I.Dang bai tap c ban:

1.Viet mot chng trnh PLC ieu khien trc tiep ong c khong ong bo ba pha s dung
ngon ng Ladder va Instruction.
Bai lam:

a.Dang Ladder: b.Dang Instruction:

LD X000
OR Y000
ANI X001
OUT Y000
END

c.Cac ngo I/O:
*Nut nhan OFF X001.
*Nut nhan ON X000.
*Cuon day Contacter ieu khien ong c ba pha. Y0


BO MON T ONG 116

2.Viet mot chng trnh PLC ieu khien ong c khong ong ba pha quay hai che o thuan
va nghch.
Bai lam:

a.Dang Ladder: b.Dang Instruction:

LDI X000
LD X001
OR Y000
ANB
ANI Y001
OUT Y000
LDI X002
LD X003
OR Y001
ANB
ANI Y000
OUT Y001
END

c.Cac ngo I/ O:
*Nut nhan OFF X000 va X002.
*Nut nhan ON X001 va X003.
*Cuon day Contacter quay thuan la Y000.
* Cuon day Contacter quay nghch la Y001.

II.Cac bai tap ve Timer:
1.Viet mot chng trnh khi ong ong c vi yeu cau sau: khi tac ong ON sau 3 giay
ong c hoat ong.
Bai lam:

a.Dang Ladder:


BO MON T ONG 117

b.Dang Instruction:
LDI X000
LD X001
OR M1
ANB
MPS
ANI Y000
OUT T0 K30
MPP
OUT M1
LDI X000
LD T3
OR Y000
ANB
AND M1
OUT Y000
END

Cac ngo I/O:
*Nut nhan OFF la X000
*Nut nhan ON la X001
*Rle phu M1
*Timer la T0 K30
*Cuon day Contacter la Y000.

III. Mot so bai tap nang cao :
1.Viet chng trnh ieu khien mot bang tai vi nhng yeu cau sau :bang tai chuyen ong
theo chieu t trai sang phai sau thi gian 5 giay bang tai se chuyen ong ngc tr lai .

2.Viet chng trnh ieu khien ong c vi yeu cau sau : ong c 1 hoat ong sau khi nhan
ON , sau 5 giay th ong c 2 hoat ong .

3.Viet chng trnh ieu khien mach en cau thang hai che o .

4. Viet chng trnh ieu khien mach en cau thang ba che o .

5. Viet chng trnh ieu khien mach en ham lo .

6.Viet chng trnh ieu khien ong c vi yeu cau nh sau : ong c 1 hoat ong khi nhan
ON sau 5 giay ong c 2 hoat ong va sau 3 giay ong c 3 hoat ong .Khi tac ong OFF th
ong c 3 ngng hoat ong , sau 2giay ong c 1 va 2 ngng hoat ong .

BO MON T ONG 118

7.Viet chng trnh ieu khien trnh t c cau cap phoi cho may dap :

Nguyen ly hoat ong cua c cau :
Trang thai 1 :Bang tai hoat ong , xy- lanh co , c cau dap khong hoat ong .
Trang thai 2 :Xy-lanh duoi ra , bang tai dng , c cau dap khong hoat ong .
Trang thai 3 :Xy lanh co , bang tai dng , c cau ket khong hoat ong .
Trang thai 4 :C cau dap hoat ong , bang tai dng , xy lanh co.
Sau o quay ve trang thai 1 .

Thiet b I/O tren PLC Thiet b I/O tren PLC
LS1 x1 Trang thai 3 m103
LS2 x2 Trang thai 4 m104
LS3 x3 Bang tai y1
LS4 x4 Xy lanh duoi y2
Trang thai 1 m101 Xy lanh co y3
Trang thai 2 m102 Dap y4
Khi ong m1

Piston kh nen
Bang tai cap phoi
Sensor nhan biet
san pham
Phoi
Thiet b nhan
phoi

BO MON T ONG 119

Chng trnh ieu khien :


BO MON T ONG 120

8. Viet chng trnh ieu khien may x ly hoa chat :

He thong gom 4 bon cha co cac bm e chuyen chat long qua he thong , moi bon c gan
mot cam bien e nhan biet khi nao bon can hay ay va bon 2 phan t phat nong c noi vi
cam bien nhiet o . Bon 3 c gan mot can khuay e tron hai thanh phan t long khi chung
c vao bon 1 va 2 . Cac bon pha di , bon 3va 4 , co dung tch gap oi bon 1 va 2

S o he thong x ly hoa chat
Bnh phan ng Bo loc San pham
Bon 3 Bon 4
Bon 1 Bon 2 Alkal Polime

Nguyen ly hoat ong :

Bon 1 va 2 c o ay cac t cac bon cha chat kiem va polime rieng biet , thong qua bm
1 va 2 . Bm 1 va 2 ngng hoat ong khi co tn hieu t cam bien bao ay bon .Phan t phat
nong trong bon 2 c kch hoat , nang nhiet o polime len 60C . Khi cam bien nhiet o ong
, tn hieu nay se tat bo ieu khien rung va kch hoat bm 3 va 4 e chuyen dung dch vao bon
phan ng , bon 3. can khuay cung c kch hoat khi bon nay co hon hp dung dch va trong
khoang thi gian toi thieu la 60 giay , bm 5 se chuyen hon hp a tron vao bon 4 , bon san
pham , thong qua bo loc . Bm 5 dng hoat ong khi bon 4 ay va bon 3 can . Cuoi cung , san
pham dung dch c a vao bon cha lu tr .Qua trnh x ly ket thuc mot chu ky hoat
ong.
Viet chng trnh ieu khien vi nguyen ly tren.

BO MON T ONG 121

chng VII
LUR LHUN, LRP RT, KlEM TRR
VR BRU TRl HE THUNU PLL
I. Xem xet s kha thi :
Trong trng hp nao o viec xem xet ve s kha thi la yeu cau khong the thieu trong mot
quyet nh hay mot giai phap ieu khien. Pham vi cua lnh vc nay co the thay oi rat
nhieu, t viec n gian la ac ta tnh kha thi cua yeu cau cho en viec phan tch toan dien
moi trng hp. Viec nghien cu tnh kha thi bao gom nhng lnh vc sau:
- tnh kha thi ve kinh te
- tnh kha thi ve ky thuat
- s la chon cac phng an : nghien cu anh gia cac phng an e a ra phng an
toi u.
II. Trnh t thiet ke he thong PLC:
V PLC c thiet ke dang modun nen gan nh viec thiet ke va cai at phan cng, phan mem
c thc hien ong thi nhng oc lap vi nhau. Viec thc hien nh vay co u iem la tiet
kiem thi gian va he thong linh hoat bat chat chc nang cua he thong.
1. Chon PLC :
Hien nay tren th trng co rat nhieu loai PLC vi cac tnh nang ngay cang c tang
cng nham cai thien hieu suat va chat lng. Tuy nhien, hau het PLC cung c th co cac
chc nang ieu khien tng ng nhau. iem khac nhau quan trong nhat la ngon ng lap
trnh, cung vi cac mc o ve s ho tr cua nha san xuat. S ho tr t nha san xuat la yeu to
quan trong khi thc hien thiet ke mot he thong ieu khien t ong.
Viec chon PLC cua hang nao la do s quen dung oi vi PLC o va he thong ieu khien
noi chung. oi vi nhng ngi co kinh nghiem trong viec thiet ke va lap at he thong ieu
khien, van e quan trong la s vt troi ve ky thuat va hieu suat. oi vi nhng ngi cha co
kinh nghiem nhieu ve PLC va khong nam vng ve th trng PLC th can xem xet nhng van
e sau ay :
- ngi dung co nhan c s ho tr trong cong viec thiet ke?
- T le ve th trng va lnh vc ng dung cua nha san xuat.
- Nha san xuat co to chc cac khoa huan luyen ve he thong PLC ang s dung?
- So tay va tai lieu hien co vi ngon ng oc c.
- Kha nang tng thch gia cac he thong tng ng hoac loai PLC khac cua cung
nha san xuat.
- Phng phap lap trnh co thch hp vi cac ieu khien ng dung.
2. Loai va c PLC:
S lu chon nay co the thc hien cung vi viec la chon nha san xuat PLC. Quy mo cua
he thong co mot so iem can xem xet:
- Yeu cau ngo vao ra can thiet


BO MON T ONG 122

- Loai ngo vao/ra.
- Dung lng bo nh.
- Toc do va kha nang cua CPU va tap lenh.

3. So lng ngo vao ra:
So lng ngo vao ra cua PLC phai co kha nang ap ng u so ng tn hieu t cam bien
cung nh ng ieu khien phan cong suat do c cau tac ong. Cac tn hieu khong nhng tuan
theo cac ch tieu ky thuat cua he thong nh la mc ien ap, dong tai, tan so ap ng ma con
quan tam en cac iem sau:
- So lng va ngo vao ra tren moi modun(hay tren PLC neu cac ngo vao ra co san
tren PLC) .
- S cach ly gia bo ieu khien va phan cong suat ieu khien c cau tac ong.
- Nhu cau ve ngo vao ra s ly toc o cao, ieu khien au ra t xa, hay cac chc nang
chuyen dung khac.
- Nhu cau m rong them kha nang m rong va lap at them ngo vao ra.
- Nguon cap ien cho cac ngo vao ra, ngh la nhu cau co modun PSU (Power Source
Unitl) cung cap cho mach chuyen oi tn hieu hay c cau tac ong

4. Dung lng bo nh:
oi vi PLC co kha nang m rong bo nh th dung lng bo nh co the c m rong
bang cach gan them hop bo nh (memory cassette). Dung lng bo nh phu thuoc vao so
lng ngo vao ra s dung tren he thong. Mot chng trnh ieu khien phc tap, dung nhieu
logic khoa lan hay cac chng trnh trnh t hien nhien can nhieu bo nh hn la chng trnh
n gian.

BO NH CAN THIET = BO NH NGO VAO RA + BO NH CHNG TRNH + BO
NH LU D LIEU CHO CAC LENH CHUYEN DUNG + KHOANG DUNG LNG
CAN THIET CHO M RONG VA HIEU CHNH CHNG TRNH SAU NAY.

5. Tap lenh CPU:
Moi PLC eu phai co tap lenh e phuc vu cho viec lap trnh giai quyet cac nhiem vu ieu
khien. Tat ca cac PLC eu co the hieu c lenh ieu khien logic, ieu khien trnh t s
khac nhau noi bat la kha nang s ly d lieu, nhng chc nang chuyen dung va truyen thong.
PLC loai ln co tap lenh manh hn cac PLC nho hn. Tuy nhien ta nen xem xet ky kha nang
cua PLC loai nho va trung bnh thng co the cung co cac chc nang chuyen dung rat tot nh
chc nang ieu khien PID.
cac PLC dang modun co the la chon c modun CPU vi cac mc o va toc o va
kha nang s ly. Khi so lng va kha nang s ly tang, yeu cau ve toc o CPU cung tang, v khi
o CPU phai x ly nhieu lenh hn trong mot chu ky quet cua PLC. ieu o co the oi hoi
phai dung CPU manh hn neu thi gian quet khong ap ng c nhu cau.


BO MON T ONG 123

e co the la chon c mot he thong ap ng c nhu cau ieu khien, viec thiet ke
phan cng va phan mem co the c thc hien oc lap.

III.To chc bo tr phan cng he thong:
Khi xac nh c phan cng thch hp, chung ta phai xem xet en van e bo tr no nh
the nao tren he thong. Cong viec nay n gian la viec xac nh v tr tng modul: CPU, modul
m rong, modul chc nang chuyen dung c lap tren thanh ray.
Viec lap at thong bieu dien bang s o vi chi tiet ve v tr, loai modul, mc tn hieu va
v tr trong bo nh

PSU

240V
AC

Main
CPU
240V
8 Ngo
Digital

..
0-10V
2 kenh
Analog
24V
16 ngo
Digital
24V
8 ngo
Digital

0-10V
4 kenh
Analog

Ngo ra Ngo vao

Bo tr cac PLC dang modul

1. Bo tr trong tu ien:
Co the co nhieu cach bo tr tu ien PLC, phu thuoc vao so lng va loai thiet b s dung
va kch thc vat ly cua tu ien. Ngi ta thng gan PLC vao v tr thuan tien cho thao tac,
cho phep:
- Chen vao va them modul
- Noi cac panen lap trnh
- De dang thao tac noi day pha trc va pha sau panen
- Quan sat de dang cac en ch bao
e giam bt anh hng cua nhieu, thanh gan PLC thng at cach xa toi thieu 80
100mm; khoang cach nay nham tao s thong thoang cho cac modul gan tren thanh.

2. Ket noi day:
Cong viec thiet ke phan cng se da vao s o bo tr va chi tiet cac modul e trien khai s
o noi day cho viec lap at thanh va noi cap vi cac thiet b cua nha may. Nhiem vu thiet ke
ve ien bao gom hoach nh ng noi cap, chi tiet bo tr thanh, nguon cap ien va ong day
cho modul truyen thong. ng i cua cap phai c xem xet e tranh nhieu, cac cap co lien
he vi nhau c nhom chung lai vi nhau va c tach biet vi cac nhom khac.
Viec thiet ke nen dung cap co boc che chan e noi vi cac ngo vao/ra cua PLC. Khi noi
cap dai, cac ng tn hieu vao va ra nen tach rieng tren cac day cap khac nhau. Cac boc che
chan nen c noi at tai mot iem duy nhat e tranh nhieu noi at tn hieu.


BO MON T ONG 124

3. Lap at:
Viec lap at phan cng bao gom viec bo tr cac tu ien va cac thanh gan tren PLC, sau o
lap at va noi day.
Tu gan PLC va cac khe cam phu phai c ap ng ay u yeu cau ve moi trng, nh
van e bao mat, an toan va bao ve nh sau:
- Bao mat: tu at ni chat chan va ca co khoa.
- An toan: trang b mach t ong ngat hay bao ong neu tu ien b m
- Bao ve: tranh o am hay moi trng an mon do khong kh bang cach lam kn tren
khung nap. Viec ngan tnh ien bang cach noi at cho than khung lap.
- Vi muc ch bao tr, cac khe cam c bo tr de dang thc hien kiem tra, thay the
cac modul. Cac en ch th on/off hay en ch th trang thai hoat ong nen gan tren
ca tu.
IV. Chay th chng trnh:
Khi hoan tat viec lap at he thong, bc ke tiep la th he thong. Viec chay th chng
trnh gom hai giai oan c ban:
- Kiem tra viec ket noi day gia PLC va cac thiet b c ieukhien.
- Cai chng trnh ieu khien va chay th chng trnh
Viec noi ket he thong phai c thc hien can than e am bao cac ngo vao/ra c noi
ung en cac ngo vao/ra tren PLC. Trc khi phan cng c kiem tra, phai kiem tra lai toan
bo cac nguon cap ien chnh, viec noi at.
Chay th chng trnh vi ngo vao gia lap:

PLC th

Cong tac en th / r le

Gia lap tn hieu analog ngo Th tn hieu analog

Gia lap dung cong tac

Lap at va chay chng trnh tren he thong that: khi chng trnh a chay th tot, ta co the
chuyen sang bc th tren thiet b thc te .


BO MON T ONG 125

Hieu chnh chng trnh:
Mot trong nhng u iem ln cua PLC la de dang thay oi chng trnh. giai oan thiet
ke va hoan tat d an, u iem nay cho phep thay oi va th i th lai nhieu lan chng trnh
en khi thoa man thiet ke.
Lu chng trnh d phong: Khi hoan tat giai oan th va hieu chnh chng trnh, cac ban
sao d phong tng ng vi tng giai oan phai c lu tr kem theo cac mo ta ve chung.
Ngay ca khi chng trnh c viet xong nen lu mot ban d phong e nap lai chng trnh
khi bo nh tren PLC b h.

V.Lap tai lieu cho he thong:
Tap tai lieu ay u cho viec lap at PLC nen bao gom cac phan sau:
- Cac ac ta ve ke hoach hay tien trnh thc hien.
- Cac ac ta va ac iem ve yeu cau ieu khien
- Cac ac ta ve PLC gom ca so tay ve thiet b can ieu khien.
- Cac ac ta ve cac chc nang cua chng trnh ieu khien, gom lu o hay s o chc
nang, bo nh va s cap phat bo nh.
- Toan bo chng trnh cung vi cac chu thch va giai thch.
- Tap chng trnh d phong.
- S o lap at ien va mo ta
- Danh sach cac thiet b xuat nhap d lieu gom ca man hnh hien th, may in
- So tay s dung ghi chi tiet trnh t khi ong he thong, dng he thong va cac bao
ong cua he thong.

VI.Bao tr he thong PLC:
1. Loi do PLC:

PLC c thiet ke e hoat ong tinh cay va ben vng trong moi trng cong nghiep. ay la
u iem chnh vt troi so vi ieu khien c ien t truyen thong va ieu khien t may vi tnh.
Do cau truc mach ien t mach va can tnh ien hieu qua nen cac mach ien trong PLC s
dung an toan cac ni khong thuan li ve moi trng, de gay ra cac h hong cho phan cng
ve ien va ve vat ly.

PLC c bao ve tranh cac kha nang h hong tren cac ngo vao/ra bi cac mach cach ly
quang (opto-isolated). Viec dung bo nh RAM co nguon pin nuoi hay EEPROM lu gi c
chng trnh bao am c san xuat van c duy tr neu chng trnh b mat hay sai do
nguon cap ien b hong hay trong cac trng hp tng t. Tom lai, cac bien phap kha thi
trong thiet ke c ap dung cho PLC nham at c o tin cay cao co the c vi gia thanh
hp ly.


BO MON T ONG 126

Ty le
H hong

Khoang thi gian hoat ong tot Thi gian

o th bieu dien t le phan tram h hong theo thi gian

Tuy nhien, o tin cay cao khong co ngha la he thong hoan toan khong b hong. Du s
dung cac vi mach ien t co chat lng cao va c lap rap theo tieu chuan cao th PLC van
co loi. PLC thng c th rat ky trc khi xuat xng va chung c cho chay lien tuc
chng trnh th trong thi gian dai.
Loi do PLC: cac loi nghiem trong lam cho PLC b ngng hoat ong, mot so loi khac co the
cho phep PLC tiep tuc hoat ong, hien th ma loi tren cac man hnh thong bao hay tren cac
en bay oan. Khi Self-test khong thanh cong, PLC b ngng hoat ong va khong khi ong
c cho en khi loi c khac phuc.

2. Loi t phan cng ben ngoai PLC:
PLC la mot phan trong phan ieu khien; trong he thong co cam bien, c cau tac ong, day
ket noi, nguon cap ien va chng trnh ieu khien. Moi phan eu co kha nang h hong; tuy
nhien phan ln ty le h hong thuoc ve cac bo phan, thiet b nam ben ngoai PLC nh:
- H hong thiet b vao/ra mach chuyen oi tn hieu hay c cau tac ong.
- H hong phan day ket noi.
- H hong phan day ket noi truyen thong.
- Nguon cap ien khong on nh nhieu hai mc nguon.

3. Trnh t lap trnh bao loi:

Van e bao ve: Mot dang loi trong PLC ve s ly thng lien quan en mach bao ve
(watchdog). Hau het PLC co trang b rle bao ve(watchdog relay) ben trong dung e ieu
khien nguon cap ien cho mot hay nhieu thiet b ben ngoai.
Van e an toan: Mac du chng trnh co hoan hao va tinh vi en au th cung co khi s ly
sai, chng trnh se lam viec khong ung ngay ca khi PLC ang hoat ong bnh thng. V
khong co PLC nao co o tin cay la 100% nen la ch co cach la thiet ke mot he thong an toan
thong qua mach phan cng hn la thong qua phan mem.


BO MON T ONG 127

4. Mach an toan bang phan cng:
Cac mach nay phai c thiet ke oc lap vi PLC va nen phoi hp vi cac cong tac bao
ve(watchdog relay) cua PLC e am bao mach nay thc hien viec ngat he thong neu PLC b
loi.
Thng nut nhan Start vaStop c thiet ke noi vao ngo vao cua PLC, ngha la Start va Stop
c thc hien bi chng trnh, trong khi o cong tac va nut nhan EMERGENCY STOP
(dng khan cap) dung e dng s chuyen ong cua may va cac thiet b co nhieu kha nang gay
nguy hiem phai c thiet ke mach phan cng.

5. Sa loi :
Khi he thong ieu khien cha lam viec hay ang chay ung, nguyen nhan cac h hong
phai c xac nh, phai c khac phuc theo trnh t:
- Ghi chu va nghien cu cac trieu chng.
- Xac nh cac vung co nghi van.
- Co lap loi.
- Sa loi.
Sa loi : neu loi a c xac nh th can phai thay the mot modun nao o; khi o, tuy
thuoc vao chc nang cua modun o ma co the phai cau hnh lai cho he thong. Neu loi xay ra
trong chng trnh th ngi thiet ke he thong nen xem xet ky trc khi thc hien thay oi nao
o cua chng trnh, v con co cac hoat ong khac lien quan en cac dong lenh se b thay oi.
Khi loi ben ngoai PLC, thiet b hay day noi se c sa cha hay thay the.

Nguon
ien
Cong tac
wachtdog t PLC
nut nhan emergency
stop cuc bo
May 0 May 2 May 1
en mach emergency
stop cua he thong
Khoa h
(dng)
Mach phan cng EMERGENCY STOP thong dung
Chng trnh
Mo-dun
vao
Bo x ly
cua PLC
Mo-dun
ra
Nguon cap ien
Thiet b
ngo ra
Cam bien
ngo vao
Cac thanh phan cua he thong PLC

Giao Trinh PLC Mitsubishi

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Giao Trinh PLC Mitsubishi

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TRNG AI HOC CONG NGHIEP TP.

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