Lvthu93@yahoo.com.

vn Trng THPT Yn Vin ST: 01234610793

Mt ngi thy gii l mt ngi thy c th dy cho hc tr ca mnh hiu nhng g mnh
bit v nhng g mi ngi bit. V l c s cho s i mi v sng to!!!
Cch lm bi cc tr f bin thin mi cc hay
Anonymous93 - lvthu93@yahoo.com.vn

I. Tng quan l thuyt
A) Li ni u
Xt 1 bi ton c bit:
Cho mch RLC ni tip, RLC c nh, t vo hai u mch 1 in p
u=200cos(wt), c omega thay i c, khi mch c U
C
max th f=f
C
=30, khi mch c U
L

max th f=f
L
=40.
a) Tm tn s w
o
khi mch xy ra cng hng?
b) Tm gi tr U
L
max v U
C
max khi omega thay i?
Chng ta c th thy cu a kh n gin, tuy nhin, khi n cu b, ti c th khng
nh l 95% nhng ngi cha c xong bi ny s khng lm c, mt s ngi ni
sai, ra thiu d liu, mt s ngi th bo bi tp ny kh, lm mt thi gian
V vy, qua bi vit s 3 ny, chng ta s cng nhau i gii quyt 1 s bi tp mi l
nh trn, c lin quan n 2 phn ca bi tp f bin thin trc, km theo , ti cng s
gip cc bn gii quyt li 1 s bi ton v l thuyt vt l lin quan n phn in xoay
chiu c tn s thay i theo 1 cch ngn hn v d hiu hn mt cht, ph hp vi
phng php thi trc nghim hin nay!
B) C s l thuyt (Phn chia theo dng bi)
+ DNG 1: f bin thin c gi tr cc i (Imax, Pmax, U
R
max), khi th Mch
cng hng (Z
L
=Z
C
).
- Gii thch:
+ I
max
=U/Z
min

+ U
R max
=I
max
.R
+ P
max
=I
2
max
.R
Khi f thay i cc gi tr trn cc i th tng ng vi vic I
max
=> Tng
tr min => Z
L
=Z
C
(Mch cng hng).

+ DNG 2: f bin thin cho Z
L
v Z
C
(dng ny s i vo dng bi tp chi tit cc
bn hiu r hn ti sao ti li xp n thnh ring 1 dng).

+ DNG 3: f bin thin cho cc cp gi tr bng nhau (Dng bi trng im).
- Thay i tn s f n f1 hoc f2 th: I
1
=I
2
, P
1
=P
2
, U
R1
=U
R2
(u c cng bn
cht l I
1
=I
2
).
Xt biu thc I
1
=I
2
=
2
C1 L1
2
) Z - (Z R
U

=
2
C2 L2
2
) Z - (Z R
U

=> I
1
=I
2
khi f thay i th Z
1
=Z
2
=>
2
C1 L1
) Z - (Z =
2
L2 C2
) Z ( Z

Lvthu93@yahoo.com.vn Trng THPT Yn Vin ST: 01234610793
Mt ngi thy gii l mt ngi thy c th dy cho hc tr ca mnh hiu nhng g mnh
bit v nhng g mi ngi bit. V l c s cho s i mi v sng to!!!
Vi L w Z
1 L1
v
C w
2
C2
1
Z . Tng ng vi dng f thay i ny, d thy Z
L
v
Z
C
i v tr cho nhau =>
C2 L1
Z Z v
C1 L2
Z Z
=>
C w
L w Z
2
1 C2 L1
1
Z =>
LC
w w
1
2 1
(c th p dng cho c/m t lun, :D)
- H qu:
+ Do Zl i v tr cho Zc => khi mch c hai tn s f1 v f2 tha mn
LC
w w
1
2 1
th h s cng sut trong 2 trng hp l bng nhau, hay ni cch khc, lch
pha ca hiu in th trong 2 trng hp so vi cng dng in l bng nhau, nhng
pha ca chng th i xng vi nhau qua I.
Lu : + U
R
max=U
AB
khi mch cng hng.
+ Vi dng bi ny, du hiu nhn ra n cn c th l Z
1
=Z
2
khi f thay i,
v iu ngc li cng lun ng, tc l khi f thay i, RLC c nh, c Z
1
=Z
2
th suy ra
LC
w w
1
2 1
v ngc li, cc h qu trn l khng i.
- f thay i n f
L
v f
C
U
L
max, U
C
max hoc Uc bng nhau, hoc U
L
bng
nhau.
Quy c: W
C
l omega ca mch khi U
C
max.
W
L
l omega ca mch khi U
L
max.
+ f thay i n f1 v f2 th U
C1
=U
C2
:
2
) (
2
2
2
1 2
w w
w
C

+ f thay i n f1 v f2 th U
L1
=U
L2
:
)
1 1
(
2
1 1
2
2
2
1
2
w w w
L

+ f thay i n f
C
v f
L
th U
L
max v U
C
max.
LC
W W
L C
1

0
2
1
W
W
2
L
C

L
C R

Gii h trn, chng ta c W
C
v W
L
tng ng!
Lu : Ta c 0<
L
C R
2
2
<1 vi mi RLC =>
L
C
W
W
<1 => W
C
< W
L
.
t
L
C R
2
1
2
= n
2
=> n l h s tng gim ca tn s (hoc w) mch xy ra
cng hng, c th, W
C
=W
o
/n v W
L
=nW
o
(Vi n<1)
V
LC
W W
L C
1
=> mch cng c cc h qu nh khi f thay i I
1
=I
2
.

Lvthu93@yahoo.com.vn Trng THPT Yn Vin ST: 01234610793
Mt ngi thy gii l mt ngi thy c th dy cho hc tr ca mnh hiu nhng g mnh
bit v nhng g mi ngi bit. V l c s cho s i mi v sng to!!!
U
c Max
=U
L Max
= ) 2 (
)
2
2 )(
2
(
) 1 (
4
1
1
.
2 2
2
L
C R
L
C R
U
L
C R C
L
R
U
AB AB

+ D thy, CT 1 tuy d nh hn, nhng dng CT li 2 c th nhm nhanh hn rt
nhiu, v c th dng CT2 lm dng bi 3 s thay i (Mch c 3 gi tr RLC thay i).
+ Nu t
L
C R
2
2
=t, xt hm s f(t) trong khong (0;1), s thy f(t) ng bin, khi t
n gn 1 th t l U
C
/U
AB
hoc U
L
/U
AB
min, khi t n gn 0 th t l U
C
/U
AB
hoc U
L
/U
AB

max. V ta lun c U
L
max hoc U
C
max lun ln hn U
AB
.
+ U
c Max
=U
L Max
khng ph thuc vo ln ca cc phn t RLC hay omega m ch
ph thuc vo t l
L
C R
2
2
.
n y, rt nhiu bn gii p c thc mc trong bi ton u bi, tuy
nhin, cc bn cn thy c th lm nhanh hn phn 2 na trong vic tnh U
C
v U
L
, y l
b quyt cui cng tnh nhanh trong phn f thay i ny, ng thi, cng l b quyt
gii quyt 2 dng bi kh mi l m theo ti l kh hay, ch cn 1 trong 2 dng bi ny
cng kim tra kin thc phn omega thay i m tnh ton li kh n gin, nu
khng hiu r th chn chn ko lm c, rt ph hp vi thi trc nghim hin ny. 2 dng
bi ton s c a ra phn bi tp di.
Mo nhm nhanh: Bi tp dng ny lun cho R=100 nn chng ta ch cn tm t l
C/2L m ko cn i n v ca L v C, cng ko quan tm n R (do s b rt gn ht),
c bao nhiu quy v s nh hn 1, chnh l kt qu ca biu thc
L
C R
2
2
.
II. Mt s bi tp tiu biu v cch lm hay
A) Dng 1: f thay i Imax, Pmax, U
R
max
001: (Khng tm ra bi hay, ton d qu, ch cn p dng Z
L
=Z
C
chc chn ra :D)
B) Dng 2: f thay i cho cp Z
L
v Z
C
.
002: Mch RLC mc ni tip, khi tn s dng in l f th cm khng Z
L
= 20 v
dung khng Z
C
= 80. Khi mch c tn s f
O
th cng dng in trong mch t gi tr
cc i. Kt lun no l ng:
A. f
O
= 2f B. f
O
= f/2 C. f
O
= 4f D. f
O
= f/4
Cch 1 (S dng t s khng i):
Z
L
. Z
C
=
C
L
wC
wL
=160
Z
oC
. Z
oL
=
C
L
C w
L w
O
O 2 2
oL cC
Z Z Z
L
. Z
C
=160 => Z
oC
= Z
oL
=40
=> 2
20
40
Z
Z
L
oL

f
f
O

Cch 2 (S dng h qu):
D thy, khi mch c cng hng, nu c Z
L
tng n ln th Z
C
gim n ln.

Lvthu93@yahoo.com.vn Trng THPT Yn Vin ST: 01234610793
Mt ngi thy gii l mt ngi thy c th dy cho hc tr ca mnh hiu nhng g mnh
bit v nhng g mi ngi bit. V l c s cho s i mi v sng to!!!
=> f f n f
n
O
L
L
. 2 . 4
Z
Z
n
Z
nZ
C 2 C

003: Mch xoay chiu ni tip gm cun dy thun cm L, in tr R = 3 100 v
t in C. t vo hai u on mch hiu in th ) cos(wt U u
O
(V) vi w thay i c.
Khi 25
1
f f Hz hay 100
2
f f Hz th cng dng in trong mch c gi tr hiu
dng nh nhau nhng lch pha nhau 2/3. Cm khng ca cun dy khi f = f
1
l:
A. 50 B. 150 C. 300 D. 450
Gi : Bi ny ch kh hiu lch pha, da theo l thuyt trn => khi f=f
1
lch
pha gc anpha th khi f=f
2
s lch pha gc anpha.
004: Mt mch in xoay chiu gm R, L, C ni tip vi nhau. t vo hai u
mch in mt in xoay chiu u = U
O
cos(2ft - /6), c gi tr hiu dng khng i. Khi
tn s ca dng in l 50Hz th hiu in th gia hai u cun dy L l u
L
=
U
oL
cos(100t + /3). Khi tng tn s ca dng in n 60Hz, th:
A. Hiu in th gia hai u cun dy U
L
gim.
B. Cng sut tiu th P trong mch gim.
C. Hiu in th gia hai u in tr U
R
tng.
D. Cng sut tiu th P trong mch tng.
Gi : Ban u pha ca I l - /6 => cng hng. Khi f tng, Z
L
>Z
C
=> Pha ca U so
vi I tng t o -> => cos() gim => P gim!
C) Dng 3: f thay i cho cc cp gi tr bng nhau.
005: Cho mch RLC ni tip, RLC c nh, t vo hai u mch 1 in p
u=200cos(wt), c omega thay i c, khi mch c U
C
max th f=f
C
=30, khi mch c U
L

max th f=f
L
=40.
a) Tm tn s w
o
khi mch xy ra cng hng?
b) Tm gi tr U
L
max v U
C
max khi omega thay i?
Gi : a)
O L C
W W W
b)
4
3
40
30
2
1
W
W
2
L
C

L
C R
=>
4
1
2
2

L
C R
=> U
c Max
=U
L Max
=
)
2
2 )(
2
(
2 2
L
C R
L
C R
U
AB

=
7
4
AB
U

Phn tch: Vi bi ton ny, ta c th thy U
c Max
v U
L Max
ch ph thuc vo t l
L
C R
2
2
, v vy, chng ta c th thm 1 trong 3 gi tr R,L,C ty vo m vn ko lm thay
i kt qu cui cng, mc ch l kim tra kin thc ngi lm vng n u v nh
lc hng h, dn h i vng vo mt hi, kt qu l mt thi gian, rt rt rt hay cho bi
thi trc nghim, vd nh cho R=12478148149 m (bm ba y, he he :D).
006: (Bi ton 3 s thay i) Cho mch RLC ni tip, R,L,C,w u thay i c,
t vo hai u mch 1 in p u=220cos(wt), khi mch c U
C
max th f=f
1
, khi mch c
U
L
max th f=f
2
.
a) Hi khi f=f
1
hoc khi f=f
2
, R khng i, L tng 2 ln th C tng bao nhiu ln
U
c Max
hoc U
L Max
khng i ?

Lvthu93@yahoo.com.vn Trng THPT Yn Vin ST: 01234610793
Mt ngi thy gii l mt ngi thy c th dy cho hc tr ca mnh hiu nhng g mnh
bit v nhng g mi ngi bit. V l c s cho s i mi v sng to!!!
A) 2 B) 1/2 C) Khng i D) Khng xc nh.
b) Hi khi f=f
1
hoc khi f=f
2
, R tng 4 ln, C gim 2 ln th L tng bao nhiu ln
U
c Max
hoc U
L Max
khng i ?
A) 2 B) 1/2 C) Tng 32 D) 1/32
c) Hi khi f=f
1
hoc khi f=f
2
, R tng 2 ln, L tng 2 ln th C tng bao nhiu ln
U
c Max
hoc U
L Max
khng i ?
A) 8 B) 1/8 C) 4 D) Khng xc nh.
d) Hi khi f=f
1
hoc khi f=f
2
, R khng i, L tng 2 ln th C tng bao nhiu ln
U
c Max
hoc U
L Max
khng i ?
A) 2 B) 1/2 C) C=Const D) Khng xc nh.
Gi : U
c Max
v U
L Max
ch ph thuc vo t l
L
C R
2
2
=> U
c Max
v U
L Max
khng i
khi t l
L
C R
2
khng i!
007: Cho mch RLC ni tip, RLC c nh, t vo hai u mch 1 in p
u=200cos(wt), c omega thay i c, khi mch c U
C
max th f=f
C
, khi mch c U
L
max
th f=f
L
. Bit C= 4(F), L= 2(mH)
a) U
C
max= 4.U
AB
, hi t l f
C
/f
L
bng bao nhiu?
b) U
L
max= 8.U
AB
, hi R bng bao nhiu?
Gi : t
L
C R
2
=t => gii pt bc 2 tm ra t, ly t thuc (0;1) => R
008: Cho mch RLC ni tip, RLC thay i c, t vo hai u mch 1 in p
u=200cos(wt), c omega thay i c, thay i f n khi mch c U
C
max th
U
C
/U
O
=4/cn 7. tm RLC?
A) R=100, C= 1 (F), L= 0.02 (H)
B) R=100, C= 2 (F), L= 0.04 (H)
C) R=100, C= 3 (F), L= 0.06 (H)
D) Tt c u ng.
Gi : Tnh t l
L
C R
2
ca cc p n ging nhau, => ko cn tnh t l
L
C R
2
da vo
U
C
/U
O
=> p n D. =))
009: Mt my pht in Xoay chiu Mt pha c tc roto c th thay i c.
B Qua in tr ca cc dy qun ca my pht. Ni hai cc ca my pht in vi mt
on mch AB gm in tr R cun, Cun cm thun c t cm L v t in c in
dung C mc ni tip. Khi r to ca my quay u vi tc n
1
(vng/pht) th cng
dng in hiu dng trong mch AB l I
1
v tng tr ca mch l Z
1
. Khi roto ca my
quay u vi tc n
2
(vng/pht) vi n
2
>n
1
th cng dng in hiu dng ca mch
AB khi l I
2
v tng tr ca mch l Z
2
bit I
2
=4I
1
, Z
2
=Z
1
. Bit tng tr ca mch AB
nh nht khi roto quay u vi tc bng 480 (vng/ pht ). Gi Tr ca n
1
v n
2
l?
A. n
1
=240 (vng/pht) v n
2
=960 (vng/pht)
B. n
1
=360 (vng/pht) v n
2
=640 (vng/pht)

Lvthu93@yahoo.com.vn Trng THPT Yn Vin ST: 01234610793
Mt ngi thy gii l mt ngi thy c th dy cho hc tr ca mnh hiu nhng g mnh
bit v nhng g mi ngi bit. V l c s cho s i mi v sng to!!!
C. n
1
=120 (vng/pht) v n
2
=1920 (vng/pht)
D. n
1
=300 (vng/pht) v n
2
=768 (vng/pht)
Gi :
Trong my pht in,
AB AB
Z
NBSw
Z
e
I (e: sut in ng)
Ta c I
2
=4I
1
=>
2
2
1
1
2 2
4
Z
NBSw
Z
NBSw
m ta c Z
2
=Z
1
=> 4
1
2

w
w

n y, da vo p n, chng ta c th chn A, tuy nhin, rt nhiu ngi u
ch lm n y m cha bit cch x l d kin bi lm n p n tn cng (mt
s ngi ni y l cch gii t o :D). V mt s ngi cn cho bi tp ny vo dng
my in, v vy by gi, vi dng bi ny, chng ta s lm chi tit ra p n chnh xc
ch ko phi loi p n, phng bi cho t l ca c 4 p n l ging nhau.
Tip tc phn tch bi, chng ta thy, bi ny c th coi l mch RLC ni tip
c omega thay i, m bi cho Z
2
=Z
1
=> da theo h qu phn l thuyt trn, =>
O
w w w
1 1
. (w
o
: cng hng). Bi ton tr v vic gii tch v thng ca 2 gi tr omega,
ging nh tnh U
L
max v U
C
max. (dng bi ny m cho Z
2
khc Z
1
l kht y, cha
ai dm ra vy u, :D)
010: Cu 13: Mt my pht in xoay chiu 1 pha c in tr khng ng k, c
mc vi mch ngoi l mt on mch mc ni tip gm in tr thun R, t in C v
cun cm thun L. Khi tc quay ca roto l n
1
v n
2
th cng dng in hiu dng
trong mch c cng gi tr. Khi tc quay l n
O
th cng dng in hiu dng trong
mch t cc i. Mi lin h gia n
1
v n
2
l:
A.
2 1
2
n n n
O


B.
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1 2
2
n n
n n
n
O

C.
2
2
2
2
1 2
n n
n
O

D.
2
2
2
1
2
n n n
O

Gi : C 2 cch gii bi ny, chng ta s cng xem xt c 2 cch thy c
ci s la lc rt ngh thut ca ngi ra bi ny.
+ Cch 1: Thit lp biu thc khi I
1
=I
2
(cc bn c th bin i t t, lu lm), ta c:
2
2 2
2
1
2
1 1
2
1
) ( ) (
C L C L
Z Z R
NBSw
Z Z R
NBSw

Rt gn ri bnh phng 2 v, tip tc nghch o phn s, ta c:
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
1
2
1 1
2
) ( ) (
w
Z Z R
w
Z Z R
C L C L

Ly c t v mu chia cho w =>
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
)
1
( )
1
(
C w
L
w
R
C w
L
w
R


Lvthu93@yahoo.com.vn Trng THPT Yn Vin ST: 01234610793
Mt ngi thy gii l mt ngi thy c th dy cho hc tr ca mnh hiu nhng g mnh
bit v nhng g mi ngi bit. V l c s cho s i mi v sng to!!!
=>
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
)
1
( )
1
( )
1 1
(
C w
L
C w
L
w w
R
Tip tc dng hng ng thc, ta s c )
2
( 2 )
1 1
(
2 2
2
2
2
1
C R
LC
w w

Tng t, xt biu thc e/Z Imax:
2 2
) (
C L
O
Max
Z Z R
NBSw
I


Chia c t v mu cho w, sau tm w mu min -> Imax, ta c:
)
2
(
1
2 2
2
C R
LC
o
w

Cc bn c th thy, lm vy th qu di i vi 1 bi thi trc nghim, trong thi
gian 2 pht, sau y s l cch 3, mt mo kh hay lm bi ny m ko cn phi c/m qu
nhiu nh cch 2 ( mi gi l T o chun ny, h h :D)
+ Cch 2: Khi I
1
=I
2
, ta c:
2
2 2
2
1
2
1 1
2
1
) ( ) (
C L C L
Z Z R
NBSw
Z Z R
NBSw

Nhn c 2 v vi L =>
2
2 2
2
1
2
1 1
2
1
) ( ) (
C L C L
Z Z R
L NBSw
Z Z R
L NBSw

=> KL: Vi wL=Z
L
=> y l dng U
L1
=U
L2
ni phn l thuyt!
Tip tc, xt
2 2 2 2
) ( ) (
C L
O
C L
O
Max
Z Z R L
L NBSw
Z Z R
NBSw
I

=> KL: Vi wL=Z
L
, L l hng s nn ko nh hng n kho st mu s =>
y l dng f thay i U
L
max ni ni phn l thuyt!
=> CT: )
1 1
(
2
1 1
2
2
2
1
2
w w
o
w
=> )
1 1
(
2
1 1
2
2
2
1
2
n n
o
n

Qua 2 cch ny, chng ta c th thy cch 2 lm bi tp ny tr nn ngn gn i rt
nhiu, ai dm bo rp khun CT l ko c li no? :D
P/s: Ln trc c bn hi bi ny, lc y mnh qun mt ci w sut in ng nn
bo bn p n A, sorry nh, he he.
III. Kt lun
Khng c g, ch l i iu vn vt thi
Qua bi ny, chc ai cng thy 1 iu, l khng hiu phn 1 th s khng hiu
c phn 2, khng hiu phn 2 th s khng hiu phn 3, cn khng hiu phn 3 th s
chng sao c! V chc chn l s khng c phn 4 (4- s t). =))
Vic thi i hc l qu gian lao, hc th nhiu m thi th t. Nh cc bn thy, ch
ring phn f thay i trong mch in xoay chiu m cng c qu nhiu iu ni, v
chc chn ti liu ny cng cha th ni ht c cc dng bi tp v f bin thin, v cc
dng bi khc ch l bi tp c bit, tng qut, khng phi bi tp tnh ton (c rt t). V

Lvthu93@yahoo.com.vn Trng THPT Yn Vin ST: 01234610793
Mt ngi thy gii l mt ngi thy c th dy cho hc tr ca mnh hiu nhng g mnh
bit v nhng g mi ngi bit. V l c s cho s i mi v sng to!!!
vy, nu l cc bn hc sinh, cc bn c th hc vt cc dng bi , ch cn nhn quen
p n m khng cn tm hiu ti sao. Cui cng, chc cc bn vui v khi c xong ti liu
ny. :D
Ninh Hip City, ngy 13 thng 05 nm 2012
Amen, Ngy ca m


Lm Vn Th
Lvthu93@yahoo.com.vn

Lvthu93@yahoo.com.vn Trng THPT Yn Vin ST: 01234610793
Mt ngi thy gii l mt ngi thy c th dy cho hc tr ca mnh hiu nhng g mnh
bit v nhng g mi ngi bit. V l c s cho s i mi v sng to!!!
(*) Ti liu ny cng nh cc cng thc trn c th c s dng, chia s vi mc
ch phi li nhun, nhng mong mi ngi nh ghi tn tc gi.
(**) Mi thc mc, sai st trong bi vit, mong mi ngi gp . Ai cha hiu vn
no trong bi vit xin lin h qua emai trn hoc ST di. =))
(***) Kt mi cu ny:
HC L kHNG KH, KH L HC AI!
DNGVTN

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Chc mng cc bn lp 12 sp ra trng