n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

Em xin cam oan ti tt nghip ny l do em t thit

k di s hng dn ca TS .V Minh Chnh. Cc s liu v kt
qu trong ti l hon ton trung thc.
hon thnh bn n ny, em s dng nhng ti liu
tham kho c ghi cui n, khng s dng ti liu
no khc m khng c lit k phn ti liu tham kho cui
n.

Sinh vin

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

N TT NGHIP
Nhim v thit k:
Thit k b np c quy t ng vi cc thng s sau:
+ in p ngun (VAC): 3 x 220 ( 10%).
+ Tn s in p
: 50 Hz
+ Dung lng np
: 40 Ah
+ S lng acqui
: 100

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

LI M U
Trong pht trin ca khoa hc k thut, nhiu thnh tu mi c p
dng vo nhiu lnh vc khc nhau trong cng nghip, p ng y mi nhu
cu s dng ca con ngi. Cng vi s pht trin in_ T ng ho ng
mt vai tr ht sc quan trng. c bit vi in t cng sut l mt chuyn
ngnh ca k thut in t nghin cu v ng dng cc phn t bn dn cng
sut trong cc s bin i v khng ch ngun nng lng in vi cc tham
s khng thay i c thnh ngun nng lng in vi cc tham s c th
thay i c cung cp cho ph ti in.
B chnh lu np acquy t ng c s dng rng ri trong nhiu trng
hp c th l rt quan trng, nu thiu n s khng c ngun in vn hnh, d
tr cho cc my mc thit b m cc ngun nng lng in khc khng th
cung cp c ng thi khng th p ng c cc ch tiu kinh t k thut.
n in t cng sut khng ch l mt bi tp tng hp bt buc ca mi
sinh vin T ng ho m cn l mt c hi gip sinh vin c c hi tm ti ng
dng cng nh th hin tng sng to ca bn thn khi thit k mch in t,
hn na y cn l c hi t kim tra cng c kin thc lm quen v nng cao
kh nng c lp thit k sng to nhng sn phm c gi tr thc t. Do khi
thc hin n chng em c gng cp nht nhng kin thc mi nht, nhng
cng ngh mi trong lnh vc iu khin cc phn t bn dn cng sut. Vi yu
cu thit k b np acquy t ng, chng em c gng tm hiu k v cc
phng n cng ngh sao cho bn thit k va m bo yu cu k thut, yu
cu kinh t. Vi hy vng n l mt bn thit k k thut c th p dng c
trong thc t nn chng em c gng m t c th, t m nh vic lp t b tr
thit b
Mc d chng em rt n lc v c gng tuy nhin y l ln u tin chng
em lm n, trnh hiu bit cn nhiu hn ch nn khng th trnh khi
nhng sai st, chng em mong nhn c s ng gp ca cc thy gip
chng em hiu r hn cc vn cng nh n c hon thin hn.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy V Minh Chnh tn tnh hng dn
gip chng em hon thnh bn n.
Ngy 27 thng 6 nm 2007
Sinh vin
Nguyn Vn Bnh

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

MC LC
LI NI U
CHNG I
GII THIU CHUNG V ACQUI
I.Gii thiu chung v acqui.....6
I.1. Cu to ca bnh acqui axit...6
I.1.1. V bnh..6
I.1.2. Bn cc, phn khi bn cc v khi bn cc7
I.1.3.Tm ngn....8
I.1.4. Dung dch in phn.....8
I.1.5. Np, nt v cu ni...............................................................................9
I.2. Qu trnh bin i ho hc trong acqui axit.9
I.3. Cc c tnh ca acqui axit....10
I.3.1. Sc in ng ca acqui axit..10
I.3.2. Dung lng ca acqui axit...11
I.3.3. c tnh phng ca acqui axit.....11
I.3.4. c tnh np ca acqui axit....12
II. Cc phng php np in cho acqui..14
II.1. Phng php np cho acqui vi dng np khng i...14
II.2. Phng php np cho acqui vi in p np khng i...15
II.3. Phng php np dng p.16
II.4. Kt lun.16
CHNG II
PHNG N CHNH LU
I. Vn chung.....18
II. Mt s s chnh lu iu khin Tiristor......18
II.1. Chnh lu iu khin cu mt pha i xng18
II.1.1. S nguyn l..18
II.1.2. Dng in p..19
II.1.3. Nguyn l hot ng...20
II.1.4. Nhn xt.20
II.2. Chnh lu iu khin cu mt pha khng i xng..21
II.2.1. S nguyn l v Dng in p.....21
II.2.2. Nguyn l hot ng...22
II.2.3. Nhn xt.22
II.3. Chnh lu iu khin cu ba pha khng i xng23
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

II.3.1. S nguyn l..23

II.3.2. Dng in p.....24
II.3.3. Nguyn l hot ng...25
II.3.4. Nhn xt.26
II.4. Kt lun.26
CHNG III
TNH TON V THIT K MCH LC
I. S mch lc..27
II. Tnh ton mch lc...28
II.1. Tnh chn van....28
II.2. Tnh ton mch bo v qu in p..30
II.3. Tnh ton my bin p..31
CHNG IV
THIT K V TNH TON MCH IU KHIN
I. Mc ch v yu cu.34
II. S khi v chc nng..35
II.1. Nguyn tc iu khin...35
II.1.1. Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng tuyn tnh...35
II.1.2. Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng arccos..36
II.2. Khu ng pha..37
II.3. Khu to xung ng b.38
II.4. Khu to in p ta.39
II.5. B iu ch...40
II.6. Khu phn hi...41
II.6.1. Khu phn hi dng in...41
II.6.2. Khu phn hi in p...42
II.6.3. Khu chuyn mch np......43
II.7. B iu khin43
II.8. Khu to xung chm.44
II.9. Khu khuch i xung v bin p xung45
II.10. Khu ngun nui mch iu khin....49
II.11. Cc linh kin in t s dng trong mch..52
II.12. Mch iu khin.....54
II.12.1. S mch iu khin.54
II.12.2. Dng in p55
II.12.3. Nguyn l hot ng.55
PH LC
M PHNG TRN MY TNH.57
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

KT LUN......69
TI LIU THAM KHO70

CHNG I
GII THIU CHUNG V ACQUI
---------------------------------I. GII THIU CHUNG V ACQUI.
Acqui l ngun ho hot ng trn c s hai in cc c in th khc nhau,
n cung cp dng in mt chiu cho cc thit b in trong cng nghip cng
nh trong dn dng.
Khi acqui phng ht dung lng ta tin hnh np in cho n v sau acqui
li tip tc phng in c. Acqui c th hin nhiu chu k phng np nn ta
c th s dng c lu di.
Trong thc t k thut c nhiu loi acqui nhng ph bin v thng dng
nht l hai loi acqui : acqui axit (acqui ch ) v acqui kim. Tuy nhin trong
thc t thng dng nht t trc ti nay vn l acqui axit v so vi acqui kim
th acqui axit c mt vi tnh nng tt hn nh:
+ Sc in ng cao (vi acqui xit l 2V, cqui kim l 1,2V ).
+ Trong qu trnh phng, s st p ca acqui axit nh hn so vi acqui kim.
+ Gi thnh ca acqui axit r hn so vi acqui kim.
+ in tr trong ca acqui axit nh hn so vi cqui kim.
V vy trong n ny em chn loi acqui axit nghin cu cng ngh v
thit k ngun np acqui t ng.
I.1. Cu to ca bnh acqui axit (acqui ch).
Bnh acqui thng thng
gm v bnh cc bn cc, cc
1
tm ngn v dung dch in
phn.
2
I.1.1. V bnh:
V bnh acqui axit hin nay
c ch to bng nha bnit
hoc anphantpc hay cao su
3
nha cng chu a-xt v c kh
nng cng vng, chng va
p.
Pha trong v bnh tu theo
in p danh nh ca acqui
m chia thnh cc ngn ring
1.Vu bn cc; 2.Cht tc dng; 3.Ct bn cc
bit v cc vch ngn ny
c ngn cch bi cc ngn
Hnh I.1. Cu to ca bn cc
kn v chc.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

Mi ngn c gi l mt
ngn acqui n.
Trn mi ngn c qui c cc np lm kn, c nt kim tra v b xung dung
dch in phn. Trn nt c l thng hi, trnh cho p sut trong ngn c qui b
tng qu cao trong qu trnh thc hin phn ng ho hc. Cu ni bng ch
ni tip cc ngn ca bnh c qui.
y v bnh c lm cc gn, mt mt lm tng cng cho v, mt khc
cc phn khi bn cc trnh hin tng chp mch bn trong c qui do cc
cht tc dng ri xung y bnh trong qu trnh s dng.
Bn ngoi v bnh c c hnh dng gn chu lc tng bn c v c
th c gn cc quai xch vic di chuyn c d dng hn.
I.1.2. Bn cc, phn khi bn cc v khi bn cc:
Phn khi bn cc gm c: phn khi bn cc dng v phn khi bn cc
m. Phn khi bn cc do cc bn cc cng tn ghp li vi nhau. Cu to ca
mt bn cc trong c qui gm c phn khung xng v cht tc dng trt ln n.
Khung xng ca bn cc dng v m c cu to ging nhau, chng c c
t ch c pha thm 5 8% antimon (Sb) v to hnh dng mt li. Ph gia Sb
thm vo ch s lm tng thm dn in v ci thin tnh c. Trong thnh
phn ca cht tc dng cn c thm khong 3% cht n (cc mui hu c )
tng xp, bn ca lp cht tc dng. Nh tng xp, dung dch in
phn d thm su vo trong lng bn cc, ng thi in tch thc t tham gia
phn ng ho hc ca cc bn cc cng c tng thm. Phn u mi bn cc
c vu, cc bn cc dng ca mi c qui n c hn vi nhau to thnh phn
khi bn cc dng, cc bn cc m hn vi nhau to thnh phn khi bn cc
m. S lng cc cp bn cc trong mi c qui n thng t 5 8, b dy tm
bn cc dng ca cc c qui trc y khong 2mm ngy nay vi cc cng
ngh tin tin gim xung cn t 1,3 1,5 mm, bn cc m thng mng hn
0,2 0,3 mm. S bn cc m trong c qui n nhiu hn s bn cc dng mt
bn nhm tn dng trit din tch tham gia phn ng ca cc bn cc dng.
Cc bn sau khi c trt y cht tc dng c p li, sy kh v thc hin
qu trnh to cc, tc l chng c ngm vo dung dch axit sunfuric long v
np vi dng in mt chiu vi tr s nh. Sau qu trnh nh vy cht tc dng
cc bn cc dng hon ton tr thnh PbO2 ( mu gch sm). Sau cc bn
cc dng c em ra, sy kh v lp rp.
Nhng phn khi bn cc cng tn trong mt acqui c hn vi nhau to
thnh cc khi bn cc v c hn ni ra cc vu cc lm bng ch hnh cn
ni ra ti tiu th.
Vi ch rng, nu ta mun tng dung lng ca cqui th ta phi tng s
tm bn cc mc song song trong mt acqui n. Thng ngi ta ly t 5 8
tm. Cn mun tng in p danh nh ca acqui th ta phi tng s tm bn cc
mc ni tip.
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

I.1.3.Tm ngn:
Cc bn cc m v dng c lp xen k vi nhau v cch in nhau bi cc
tm ngn v m bo cch in tt nht cc tm ngn c lm rng hn so
vi cc bn cc.
Cc tm ngn c tc dng chng chp mch gia cc bn ca bn m v
dng, ng thi cc tm bn cc khi b bong ri ra khi s dng acqui.
Cc tm
ngn y phi l cht cch in tt, bn, do, chu c axit v c xp thch
hp khng ngn cn cht in phn thm n cc bn cc.
Cc tm ngn hin nay c ch to t vt liu polyvinyl xp, mn, dy
khong t 0,81,2 mm v c dng mt phng hng v pha bn cc m cn
mt mt c hnh sng hoc g hng v pha bn cc dng nhm to iu kin
cho dung dch in phn d lun chuyn hn n cc bn cc dng v dung
dch lu thng tt hn.
I.1.4. Dung dch in phn:
Dung dch in phn trong bnh acqui l loi dung dch axit sunfric (H2SO4)
c pha ch t axit nguyn cht vi nc ct theo nng qui nh tu thuc
vo iu kin kh hu ma v vt liu lm tm ngn. Nng dng dch axit
sunfric = (1,1 1,3) g/ cm3 . Nng dung dch in phn c nh hng ln
n sc in ng ca acqui.
Nhit mi trng c nh hng ln n nng dung dch in phn vi
cc nc trong vng xch o nng dung dch in phn quy nh khng
qu 1,1g/cm3 . Vi cc nc lnh (vng cc), nng dung dch in phn cho
php ti 1,3g/cm3. Trong iu kin kh hu nc ta th ma h nn chn nng
dung dch khong (1,25 1,26) g/cm3, ma ng ta nn chn nng
khong 1,27g/cm3.. Cn nh rng : nng qu cao s lm chng hng tm
ngn, chng hng bn cc, d b sunfat ho trong cc bn cc nn tui th ca
acqui cng gim i rt nhanh. Nng qu thp th in dung v in p nh
mc ca acqui gim v cc nc x lnh th dung dch vo ma ng d b
ng bng.
Nhng ch khi pha ch dung dch in phn cho acqui:
- Khng c dng axit c thnh phn tp cht cao nh loi k thut thng
thng v nc khng phi l nc ct v dung dch nh vy s lm tng cng
qu trnh t phng in ca acqui.
- Cc dng c pha ch phi lm bng thu tinh, cht do chu axit. Chng phi
sch, khng cha cc mui khong, du m hoc cht bn . . .
- m bo an ton trong khi pha ch, tuyt i khng c nc vo
axit c m phi t t axit vo nc v dng que thu tinh khuy u.
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

I.1.5. Np, nt v cu ni:

Np c lm bng nha bnit hoc bng bakelit. Np c hai loi:
+ Tng np ring cho mi ngn.
+ Np chung cho c bnh - loi ny kt cu phc tp nhng kn tt.
Trn lp c l dung dch in phn vo cc ngn v kim tra mc dung
dch in phn, nhit v nng dung dch trong acquy.
L c y kn bng nt c ren gi cho dung dch in phn khng b
bn v snh ra ngoi. nt c l nh thng kh t trong bnh ra ngoi lc np
c quy.
Np mt s loi cquy c l thng kh ring nm st l , kt cu nh vy rt
thun tn cho vic iu chnh mc dung dch trong bnh acquy. Trong trng
hp ny, nt khng c l thng kh na.
Cu ni thng lm bng ch, dng ni cc ngn acquy n vi nhau.
I.2. Qu trnh bin i ho hc trong acquy axit.
Acqui l ngun nng lng c tnh thun nghch: n tch tr nng lng di
dng ho nng v gii phng nng lng di dng in nng.Qu trnh c-qui
cung cp in cho mch ngoi gi l qu trnh np in.Phn ng ho hc biu
din qu trnh chuyn ho nng lng ca c qui c dng:
Phng in

PbO2+2SO4H2(H2O) + Pb
B/cc dng

D/d in phn

Np in

B/cc m

Trng thi cqui

Bn cc dng

Np no

Phng in kt

SO4Pb + 4H2O + SO4Pb

B/cc dng D/d in phn B/cc m

Bn cc m

PBO2

Dng dch in
phn
H2SO4

PbSO4

H2O

PbSO4

Pb

Bng I.1: Trnh by trng thi nng lng ca c qui quan h vi qu trnh
bin i ho hc ca cc bn cc v dung dch in phn.
T bng I.1. Ta c nhn xt: Trong qu trnh phng, np, nng dung dch
in phn ca c qui thay i. Khi c qui phng in, nng dung dch in
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

phn gim dn; khi cqui c np in, nng dung dch in phn tng dn.
Do ta c th cn c vo nng dung dch in phn nh gi trng thi
tch in ca cqui.
I.3. Cc c tnh ca acqui axit:
Mi ngn ca bnh acqui l mt acqui n c y cc tnh cht c trng
cho c bnh. S d ngi ta ni tip nhiu ngn li thnh bnh acqui l tng
in p nh mc ca bnh acqui. Do khi nghin cu c tnh ca bnh acqui
ta ch cn kho st mt bnh acqui n l .
I.3.1. Sc in ng ca acqui axit:
* Sc in ng ca acqui axit ph thuc ch yu vo in th trn cc cc,
tc l ph thuc vo c tnh l ho ca vt liu lm cc bn cc v dung dch
in phn m khng ph thuc vo kch thc ca cc bn cc.

Sc in ng ca c qui ch axt ph thuc vo nng dung dch in

phn. Ngi ta thng s dng cng thc kinh nghim:
E0 = 0,85 +
(V)
Trong :
E0 - Sc in ng tnh ca c qui n, tnh bng vn.
- Nng dung dch in phn nhit 15oC, g/cm3 (V)
Trong qu trnh phng in, sc in ng ca c qui c tnh theo c
cng thc:
Ep = Up + Ip.raq
Trong :
Ep - Sc in ng ca c qui phng in.
Ip - Dng in phng.
Up - in p o trn cc cc ca c qui khi phng in.
raq - in tr trong ca c qui khi phng in.
Trong qu trnh np in, sc in ng En c qui c tnh theo cng thc:
En = Un - In.raq
Trong :
En - Sc in ng ca c qui np in.
In - Dng in np.
raq - in tr trong ca c qui khi np in.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

10

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 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

I.3.2. Dung lng ca acqui:

Dung lng phng ca c qui l i lng nh gi kh nng cung cp nng
lng ca c qui cho ph ti, v c tnh theo cng thc:
Cp = Ip.tp (A.h)
Trong :
Cp- Dung lng thu c trong qu trnh phng in, A.h
Ip - Dng in phng n nh trong thi gian phng in tp
Dung lng np ca c qui l i lng nh gi kh nng tch tr nng lng
ca c qui v c tnh theo cng thc:
Cn = In.tn (A.h)
Trong :
Cn: Dung lng thu c trong qu trnh np in, A.h
In : Dong in np n nh trong thi gian np in tn

I.3.3. c tnh phng ca acqui axit:

c tnh phng ca acqui l th biu din mi quan h ph thuc ca sc
in ng, in p acqui v nng dung dch in phn theo thi gian phng
khi dng in phng khng thay i.
E , U(V)

I
(A)

2,11

1,95

1,75

1.
5

Khong
ngh

U
Vng phng in
cho php

0,5

Cp= Ip tp
tgh

t(h)

20

Hnh I.2. S mch phng v c tnh phng

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

T th ta c cc nhn xt sau:
Trong khong thi gian phng t tp =0 cho ti im tp = tgh, sc in ng,
in p v nng dung dch in phn gim dn, tuy nhin trong khong thi
gian ny dc ca cc th l khng ln, ta gi l giai on phng n nh
hay thi gian phng in cho php tng ng vi mi ch phng in (dng
in phng ) ca acqui.
T thi im tgh tr i, dc ca th thay i t ngt nu ta tip tc cho
acqui phng in sau tgh th sc in ng, in p ca acqui s gim rt nhanh,
mt khc cc tinh th sunfat ch (PbSO 4) to thnh trong phn ng s c dng
th, rn, kh ho tan ( bin i ho hc) trong qu trnh np in tr li cho
acqui sau ny. Thi im tgh gi l gii hn phng in cho php ca acqui, cc
gi tr Ep,Up, ti tgh gi l cc gi tr gii hn phng in cho pho php ca
acqui.
Sau khi ngt mch phng mt khong thi gian, cc gi tr sc in ng,
in p ca acqui, nng ca dung dch in phn li tng ln, ta gi l thi
gian hi phc hay khong ngh ca acqui, thi gian phc hi ny ph thuc vo
ch phng in ca cqui (dng in phng v thi gian phng ).
nh gi kh nng cung cp in ca acqui c cng in p danh ngha,
ngi ta quy nh so snh dung lng phng in thu c ca acqui khi tin
hnh
th nghim ch phng in cho php l 20h. Dung lng phng trong
trng hp ny c k hiu l C20.

I.3.4. c tnh np ca acqui:

c tnh np ca acqui l th biu din quan h ph thuc ca sc in
ng, in p acqui v nng dung dch in phn theo thi gian np khi tr s
dng in np khng thay i.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

12

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

I (A)

Thit k b np cqui t ng

U,E (V)

Bt u si
2,4V

2,7V
Un

2,4V

Eaq

Eo

2,1V

Khong
ngh

1,95V
Vng
np no

Vng np chnh
10

Cn= In tn

t,h

(2 3) h

ts

10

Hnh I.3. S mch np v ng c tnh np

T th c tnh np ta c nhn xt sau:
- Trong khong thi gian np t tn = 0 n tn= ts, sc in ng, in p, nng
dung dch in phn tng dn ln.
- Ti thi im tn =ts trn b mt cc bn cc xut hin cc bt kh do dng
in in phn nc thnh xy v hyr (cn gi l hin tng si), lc ny trn
in th gia cc cc ca acqui n tng ti gi tr 2,4V. Nu ta tip tc np gi
tr ny nhanh chng tng ti 2,7V v gi nguyn. Thi gian np ny gi l thi
gian np no, c tc dng lm cho cc phn cht tc dng su trong lng cc
bn cc c bin i hon ton, nh s lm tng thm dung lng phng
in ca acquy.
Trong s dng, thi gian np no cho acquy thng ko di t 23 gi, trong
sut thi gian , hiu in th trn cc cc ca acquy v nng dung dch
in
phn l khng i. Nh vy dung lng thu uc khi acquy phng in lun nh
hn dung lng cn thit np no acquy.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

13

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

Sau khi ngt mch np, in p, sc in ng ca acquy, nng dung dch

in phn gim xung v n nh. Thi gian ny cng gi l khong ngh ca
acquy sau khi np.
Tr s dng in np nh hng rt ln n cht lng v tui th ca acquy.
Dng in np in np nh mc i vi acquy qui nh bng 0,1.C20.
II. CC PHNG PHP NP IN CHO ACQUI.
II.1. Phng php np acquy vi dng np khng i.
Phng php np in vi dng np khng i cho php cho dng in thch
hp cho tng loi acquy, m bo cho acquy c np no. y l phng php
s dng trong cc xng bo dng, sa cha np in cho cc acquy mi
hoc np in cho cc acquy b sunfat ho.
Vi phng php np ny cc c quy c mc ni tip vi nhau v phi tho
mn iu kin:
Un 2,7 Naq.
V
Trong :
Un : in p np (V).
Naq: S ngn acquy n mc trong mch np.
A
+

Un

A
R

R
-

Hnh I.4. Np vi dng in khng i

Trong qu trnh np, sc in ng ca acquy tng dn, duy tr dng in
np khng i ta phi b ch trong mch np bin tr R. Tr s gii hn ca bin
tr c xc nh theo cng thc:

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

14

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

R=

U n 2,0 N aq
In

Nhc im ca phng php ny np vi dng p khng i l thi gian np

ko di v yu cu cc acquy a vo np phi c cng c dung lng nh
mc.
khc phc nhc im thi gian np ko di ngi ta s dng phng
php np vi dng in np thay i hai hay nhiu nc. Trong trng hp np
hai nc th dng in np nc th nht chn bng (0,3 0,5)C 20 v kt thc
np nc mt khi acquy bt u si. Dng in np nc th hai bng 0,05C20.
II.2. Phng php np acquy vi in p np khng thay i.
Phng php np acquy vi in p np khng thay i yu cu cc acquy
c mc song song vi ngun np. Hiu in th ca ngun np khng thay
i v c tnh bng t (2,3 2,5)V cho mt ngn acquy n.
Un

Hnh I.5. Np vi in p khng i

Hiu in th ca ngun np phi c gi n nh vi chnh xc n 3%
v c theo di bng vnk.
U n E aq
In =
Raq
Dng np:
lc u l rt ln sau khi Eaq tng dn ln th In
gim i kh nhanh.
Phng php np vi in p np khng thay i c thi gian np ngn, dng
in np t ng gim dn theo thi gian. Tuy nhin dng phng php ny
acquy khng np c no, v vy phng php np vi in p khng i ch l
phng php np b xung cho acquy trong qu trnh s dng.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

khc phc nhc im v tn dng c ht nhng u im ca cc

phng php trn, ta kt hp hai phng php np li thnh phng php dng
p.
y cng l phng php np m chng ta chn thit k mch iu khin
cho ngun nui np t ng trong n ny.
II.3. Phng php np dng p.
y l phng php np tng hp ca hai phng php trn. N tn dng
c nhng u im ca hai phng php trn.
i vi yu cu ca bi l np acqui t ng tc l trong qu trnh np mi
qu trnh bin i v chuyn ho c t ng din ra theo mt trnh t t
sn th ta chn phng n np acqui l phng php dng p.
bo m thi gian np cng nh hiu sut np th trong khong thi gian
tn=16h tng ng vi 75 80% dung lng acqui ta np vi dng in khng
i l In = 0,1C20. V theo c tnh np ca acqui trong on np chnh th khi
dng in khng i th in p, sc in ng ti t thay i, do bo m
tnh ng u v ti cho thit b np. Sau thi gian 16h acqui bt u si lc
ta chuyn sang np ch n p. Khi thi gian np c 20h th acqui bt u
no, ta np b xung thm 2 3h.
Cc qu trnh np acqui t ng kt thc khi b ct ngun np hoc khi np n
p vi in p bng in p trn 2 cc ca acqui, lc dng np s t t gim
v khng.
II.4.Kt lun:
+ V ti c tnh cht dung khng km theo sc phn in ng cho nn khi
acqui i m ta np theo phng php in p th dng in trong acqui s dng
nn khng kim sot c s lm si acqui dn n hng hc nhanh chng. V
vy trong vng np chnh ta phi tm cch n nh dng np cho acqui.
+ Khi dung lng acquy dng ln n 80% lc nu ta c tip tc gi n
nh dng np th acqui s si v lm cn nc. Do n giai on ny ta li
phi chuyn ch np acqui sang ch n p. Ch n p c gi cho n
khi acqui thc s no. Khi in p trn cc bn cc ca acqui bng vi in p
np th lc dng np s t ng gim v khng, kt thc qu trnh np.
Do vy i vi acquy axit ta np vi cc dng in np:
+ Dng np n nh In = 10% C20.
+ Dng np cng bc In= (0.30.5)C20.
T cc phn tch trn:

- Ta tin hnh np acqui vi dng in np khng i:

In = 0,1x40 = 4 A
- p ng yu cu ca cng ngh cng nh hiu qu kinh t ta chn
phng php np acqui hn hp dng p.
- Vi s lng acquy l 100 chic, ta np in cho acqui theo phng php
hn hp dng p: Mc thnh 10 dy song song, mi dy c 10 acqui ni nhau.
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

+ Dng in np In = 0,1x40x10 = 40A.

+ in p np Un = 2,7x6x10 = 162V.

A
+

V Un

A
-

10 dy

10 acqui
Hnh I.6. Phng php np in cho acqui

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

CHNG II
PHNG N CHNH LU
-----------------------------I. VN CHUNG.
B chnh lu l thit b dng chuyn i ngun xoay chiu thnh ngun
in mt chiu nhm cung cp cho ph ti in mt chiu.
Trong k thut c nhiu phng n chnh lu nh: chnh lu khng iu
khin (chnh lu it), chnh lu iu khin (chnh lu tiristor), chnh lu mt
pha, ba pha, su pha.
Tu thuc vo yu cu c th m ta chn la cc phng n chnh lu ph
hp nhm p ng c cc ch tiu v mt k thut v kinh t.
V yu cu l chnh lu iu khin nn ta chn phng n chnh lu tiristor v
sau y l mt s s chnh lu iu khin Tiristor c bn.
II. MT S S CHNH LU IU KHIN TIRISTOR.
II.1. Chnh lu iu khin cu mt pha i xng.
II.1.1. S nguyn l.
Ti : R + L
U1
~

T4

T1

T3

T2

Ld

Rd

Hnh II.1. Mch chnh lu iu khin cu mt pha

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

II.1.2. Dng in p.

UG

G1

G2

G1
t

U
0

Ud
t

id
t

I T1
t

IT2
t

i1
t

Ung
t

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

II.1.3. Nguyn l hot ng.

+ Trong khong ( ): T1 v T3 dn, Id = IT1 =IT3, Ud=U21.
+ Trong khong (+ 2): van T2 v T4 dn, Id= IT2= IT4, Ud=U22.
+ Trong khong (2 3+): van T1 v T3 dn, Ud=U21.
Qu trnh c lp i lp li cc chu k tip theo.
CC THNG S C BN
+ in p trn ti:
1
Ud =
2

2 .U 2 .sin .d =

2 .U 2 . sin .d = 2 2 U 2 [ cos cos( + ) ]

Ud

+ Dng in trn ti: Id = R

d
+ Dng in qua van: IT =

Id
2

+ in p ngc trn van: Ungmax = 1,41U2

+ Dng in pha th cp: I2 = 0,58Id
+ Dng in pha s cp: I1 = 1,11.Id.Kba
+ Cng sut ti: Pd = Ud.Id
+ Cng sut my bin p: Sba = 1,23 Pd
II.1.4.Nhn xt:
Mch chnh lu c iu khin cu mt pha i xng c cu to phc tp hn
mch chnh lu iu khin mt pha c im trung tnh. Mch s dng nhiu
knh iu khin hn, in p v dng in lin tc trong sut qu trnh lm vic.
Mch thng c s dng trong nhng mch c cng sut nh v va.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

II .2. S chnh lu iu khin cu mt pha khng i xng.

II.2.1. S nguyn l v dng in p.
Vi ti : Rd + Ld
ud

U1
~

T2

0
iT1

D1

Rd

0
id
T1

D2

iD2

Ld

iT2

iD1
0
i2

/2

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

II.2.2. Nguyn l hot ng.

Trong s cc it 1, 2 vn m t nhin u cc na chu k: 1 m
khi u2 m; 2 m khi u2 dng. Cc Tiristo m theo gc m . Tuy nhin cc
van kho theo nhm: 1 dn s lm T1 (cng nhm catt chung) kho, T1 dn
s lm 1 kho; Tng t 2 dn th T2 kha, T2 dn th 2 kho.
Khi = cho xung iu khin m T1.
Trong khong = ( ; ): T1, 2 dn, ud = u2.
Trong khong = ( ; + ): 1, 2 dn; 1 dn v lm T1 kho; T2
cha kho nn 2 cn m cha kho.
Trong khong = (+ ; 2): 1, T2 dn; T1 dn lm D2 kho, ud = -u2.
Trong khong = ( 2 ; 2+ ): T2, 2 dn.
CC THNG S C BN:
2
+ in p ti: Ud = U2(1 +cos)
Ud
+ Dng in ti: Id = Rd

+ Dng in qua van Tiristor: IT = 2 Id

+ Dng in qua it: ID=

1
2

+ Dng in th cp: I2 = Id

+
Idd = 2 Id

+ in p ngc ln nht qua van: Ungmax = 2.83U2

+ Cng sut ti: Pd =Ud Id
+ Cng sut my bin p: Sba = 1.48 Pd
II.2.3. Nhn xt.
+ H s cos ca s cu khng i xng cao hn so vi s cu i
xng.
+ S ny khng cho php lm vic ch nghch lu ph thuc.
+ Mch thng c s dng vi ti c cng sut nh v va.
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

22

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

+ S van gim so vi s cu i xng gi thnh h.

II.3. CHNH LU IN KHIN CU BA PHA KHNG I XNG.
II.3.1. S nguyn l.

UC

UB

UA

Uc

Ub

Ua

D4

T1

D6

T3

D2

T5

Rd
Hnh II.3. Mch chnh lu iu khin i
xng cu 3F.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

II.3.2. Dng in p.

T1

ua

T3

ub

T5

uc

T1

ua

D6

D2

D4

D6

Ud

D2

Id
iT1

iD4
ia

Id

Id

Id

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

II.3.3. Nguyn l hot ng.

Trong s ny s dng:
+ 3 Tiristor nhm Katot chung.
+ 3 Diot nhm Anot chung.
Gi tr trung bnh ca in p trn ti:
Ud = Ud1 Ud2
Trong :
+ Ud1 l thnh phn in p do nhm Katot chung to nn.
+ Ud2 l thnh phn in p do nhm Anot chung to nn.
U d1 =

Ud2 =

Vy :

Ud =

3
2
3
2

11

2U 2 sin d =

3 6U 2
cos
2

2U 2 sin d =

3 6U 2
2

6
11

3 6U 2
(1 + cos )
2

in p th cp my bin p:

U a = 39 sin
2
)
3
2
U c = 39 sin( +
)
3
U b = 39 sin(

Gi tr trung bnh ca dng ti:

Id =

Ud
R

Gi tri trung bnh ca dng chy trong Tiristor v Diot:

IT = I D =

Id
3

Gi tr in p ngc ln nht:

U ng max = 6U 2
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

25

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

Cng sut ti: Pd = Ud. Id

Cng sut my bin p:

S ba =

Pd

II.3.4. Nhn xt.

Tuy in p chnh lu cha nhiu sng hi nhng chnh lu cu 3 pha khng
i xng c qu trnh iu chnh n gin, kch thc gn nh hn.
II.4.Kt lun.
Qua phn tch la chn s p ng c yu cu cng ngh cng nh
kinh t ta thy:
+ Dng s chnh lu i xng v chnh lu khng i xng cu ba pha cho
chng ta cht lng in p v dng in tt nhng mch s dng nhiu knh
iu khin do vy vic thit k mch phc tp, mch s dng nhiu Tiristor nn
gi thnh cao khng kinh t.
Do vy ta chn s mch chnh lu iu khin 1 pha khng i xng. Mch
c nhng u im sau:
+ Hiu sut s dng my bin p cao hn mt s s nh cu 1pha i
xng.
+ n gin hn v s lng Tiristor gim xung ch cn 2 nn mch iu
khin c it knh iu khin hn, bo m kinh t hn.
+ Cng mt di iu chnh in p mt chiu th cu khng i xng iu
khin chnh xc hn.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

CHNG III
TNH TON THIT K MCH LC
I. S mch lc.
~
AT

T1

T2
C0

R0

R0

C0
D1

D2

RS

A
Rf

10 dy

10 acqui

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

AT: Aptmat c nhim v bo v qu ti, ngn mch ng thi lm nhim v

ng ct in cho mch lc.
R-C: Mc song song vi cc tiristor c tc dng bo v cc tiristor khi qu
p khi chuyn mch.
V : Vnk o in p ti.
A : Ampek o dng ti.
Rs : in tr sun ly tn hiu phn hi dng v mch iu khin.
Rf : Ly tn hiu phn hi p v mch iu khin
II. TNH TON MCH LC.
S liu cho trc:
in p ngun mt pha : U1= 220V; f = 50Hz.
Dung lng np
: C = 40 Ah
S lng acqui
: n = 100.
Do :
+ Dng in np : In = 40 A.
+ in p np : Un = Ud = 162 V.
+ Chn gc iu khin : = 300
II.1. Tnh chn van.
T cng thc:
Ud =

2U 2
(1 + cos ) .

in p Ud t max khi gc = 0.

U2 =

U d max 3,14 .162

=
= 179 ,9V
2 2
2 2

in tr np:
R=

U n 2,0.N aq
In

162 2.60
= 0,05
40

Dng in np chy qua Tiristor:

IT = I d .

3,14 0,52
= 40.
= 16,68 A .
2
2.3,14

Dng in chy qua Dit:

ID = Id .

+
3,14 + 0,52
= 40.
= 23,31A .
2
2.3,14

Gi tr ca dng chy qua cun th cp ca cun bin th:

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

28

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 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

I2 = Id 1

0,52
= 40. 1
= 36,54 A

3,14

in p ngc t ln Tiristor v Diot:

U ng = 2U 2 = 2 x179,9 = 254,42V

Chn van:
m bo cho cc van hot ng tt chng ta chn van phi nhn thm h
s d tr :
+ H s d tr v in p: ku = 1,6.
+ H s d tr v dng in: ki =1,2.
+ Chn van chu c in p ngc :

U ng = 1,6 x 254,42 = 407V

+ Dng in trung bnh chy Diot l:

I D = 1,2 x 23,31 = 27,972 A

+ Dng in trung bnh chy qua Tiristor:

I T = 1,2.16,68 = 20 A
Do vy tra s tay ta c:
Chn 2 Tiristor T35N500BOF(bng p.2 trang 211 sch Tnh ton v thit k
cc thit b in t cng sut _Trn Vn Thnh) c cc thng s nh sau:
+ Dng in lm vic cc i: Im = 35A.
+ in p ngc cc i t nn van: Ung = 500V.
+ Tn tht in p: U = 2V.
+ thi gian chuyn mch(m v kho): tcm = 120s.
+ Gi tr dng iu khin: Ig = 120 mA.
+ in p iu khin: Ug = 1,4 V.
+ Dng in t gi: Ih = 200mA.
+ Dng in r: Ir = 20mA.
+ Nhit lm vic cc i: Tmax = 125 0C.
Chn 2 Dit S6460P-G (bng p.1 trang 211 sch Tnh ton v thit k cc
thit b in t cng sut _Trn Vn Thnh) c cc thng s nh sau:
+ Dng in chnh lu cc i: Imax =30A.
+ in p cc ca it : Ung = 500V.
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

29

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

+ Tn hao in p trng thi m ca Diot: U = 1,2V.

II.2. Tnh ton mch bo v qu in p.
Tiristor v Dit cng rt nhy cm vi in p qu ln so vi in p nh
mc ta gi l qu in p, v vy cn mc thm mch bo v qu in p.
Ngi ta chia ra 2 loi nguyn nhn gy nn qu in p:
+ Nguyn nhn ni ti: y l s tch t in tch trong cc lp bn dn. Khi
kho Tiristor bng in p ngc, cc in tch ni trn i ngc hnh trnh,
to ra dng in ngc trong khong thi gian rt ngn. S bin thin nhanh
chng ca dng in ngc gy ra sc in ng cm ng rt ln trong cc in
cm, lun lun c, ca ng dy ngun dn n cc Tiristor. V vy gia cc
ant v catt ca Tiristor xut hin qu in p.
+ Nguyn nhn bn ngoi: Nhng nguyn nhn ny thng xy ra ngu nhin
nh khi ct ng ti mt my bin p trn ng dy, khi mt cu ch bo v
chy, khi c sm st...
bo v mch qu p ngi ta thng dng mch R C:
i
D
t

UAC

Mch bo v qu p

Dng in dng in v in p
Mch R C u song song vi Tiristor nhm bo v qu in p do tch t
in tch khi chuyn mch gy nn.
Mch R C u gia cc pha th cp ca my bin p l bo v qu in p
do ng ct ti ( dng in t ho ) my bin p gy nn.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

30

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

Thng s ca R C ph thuc vo mc qu in p c th xy ra, tc

bin thin ca dng in chuyn mch, in cm trn ng dy, dng in t
ho my bin p.v.v
Tnh ton:
- H s qu in p:
k=

U im. p
b.U im

+ k - h s qu in p.
+ U imp - gi tr cc i cho php ca in p thun v ngc t nn Dit hoc Tiristor mt cch chu k.
+ b h s d tr v in p, b =1 2, ly b = 1,6.
+ U im gi tr cc i in p thc t t nn Dit hoc
Tiristor

U im = U ng = 254,42V
Nh vy ta c:
k=

U im. p
b.U im

500
= 1,23
1,6.254,42

+ Xc nh cc thng s trung gian, C*min(k), R*max(k), R*min(k). S dng

cc ng cong trong s tay tra cu ta c C*min(k) = 6; R*max(k) =
1,2; R*min(k) = 0,56
(tra trong th hnh X.9 trang 262 Sch in t cng sut _ Nguyn Bnh).
di

+ Xc nh d
t

khi xy ra trng dn ta c phng trnh

max

2U 2 sin(t + ) = LC

di
dt
di
dt

=
max

=
max

di
dt

2U 2
(vi LC = 0,2mH).
LC
2U 2
=
LC

2 .179,9 3
.10 = 1265,72.10 3 A / s 1,27 A / s
0,2
di

+ Xc nh Q, s dng cc ng cong Q = f( I , d )
t

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

31

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Vi I d = 40 A;

Thit k b np cqui t ng

di
= 1,27 A / s (tra trong th hnh X.10 trang 263
dt

sch in T Cng Sut Nguyn Bnh). Ta c Q = 30A s.

+ Xc nh R, C
C min =

*
Rmin

2.Q *
2.30.6
.C min =
= 1,41F
U im
254,42

L.U im
L.U im
*
R Rmax
2Q
2Q

0,56

0,2.10 3.254,42
0,2.10 3.254,42

1
,
2
2.30.10 6
2.30.10 6

16,31 R 34.95

Ta chn theo gi tr chun: R = 26 , C = 1,5 F

II.3. Tnh Ton My Bin p.
Gi tr hiu dng in p th cp my bin p: U2 = 179,9V.
Gi tr hiu dng dng in th cp my bin p:. I2 =36,54A.
+ Cng sut biu kin MBA:
S2 = U2.I2 = 179,9x36,54= 6573,55 (VA) =
6,57355 (KVA)
Chn mch t 3 tr, tit din tr tnh theo cng thc:
Q =K

S2
C. f

Trong : - C = 1 : S tr mch t
- S2 = 6573,55 : Cng sut MBA
- f =50 : Tn s ngun
- K = 5 6 chn K = 5

Q =5

6573 ,55
= 57 ,33(cm 2 )
1.50

ng knh tr:
d=

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

4Q
=

4.57,33
= 8,5cm
3,14

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

Chun ho ng knh tr theo tiu chun ( bng 4.2a - Ph lc sch thit k

my bin p Phan T Th): d = 9 cm
+ Chn loi thp, cc l thp c dy 0.5 mm.
+ Chn s b mt t cm trong tr BT = 1,1 (T).
+ Chn t s:
M=

h
= 2,3 H = M.D = 2,3 x 8,5 = 19,55(cm)
d

+ Chn chiu cao tr h = 21 cm.

Tnh ton dy qun:
+ S vng dy mi pha s cp my bin p:
W1 =

U1
220
=
= 158
4,44. f .QFe .BT 4,44.50.57,33.10 4.1,1
(vng)

+ S vng dy mi pha th cp ca my bin p:

W2 =

U2
179,9
.W1
.158 = 130
U1
. = 220
(vng)

+ Chn s b mt dng in trong my bin p:

+Chn s b mt dng in trong my bin p:
J 1 = J 2 = 2.75( A / mm 2 )

+ Dng in s cp ca my bin p l:
I1 =

U 2 .I 2 179,9.36,54
=
= 29.88 A
U1
220

+ Tit din dy dn s cp my bin p.

S1 =

I 1 29,88
=
= 10,8(mm 2 )
J1
2,75

+ Tit din dy dn th cp my bin p.

S2 =

I 2 36,54
=
= 13,28(mm 2 )
J2
2,75

Chn dy qun hnh ch nht:

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

+ Tit din S1 = 11.1 mm2, a = 1.45mm, b= 8mm.

+ Tit din S2 = 14 mm2, a = 2,24mm, b= 6,40mm.
Tra bng p.5 trang 234_ Tnh ton v thit k thit b in t cng sut_Trn
Vn Thnh.

CHNG IV
THIT K V TNH TON MCH IU KHIN
I. MC CH V YU CU.
- Mch iu khin l khu rt quan trng trong b bin i tiristor, n c vai
tr quyt nh n cht lng, tin cy ca b bin i. Mch iu khin rt a
dng nhng vi h thng mch lc c th ca mch np cn c mt h iu
khin thch ng. Vi mch ny, h iu khin s pht xung m hai tiristor T1,
T2. Cc tiristor s m khi tho mn ng thi hai iu kin:
- Mt in p dng ln t ln hai cc ca tiristor theo hng t ant n
katt.
- Xung in p dng a vo cc iu khin ln v bin , rng.
lm thay i in p ra ti ch cn thay i thi im pht xung iu
khin, tc l thay i gc m cu cc van. u im ca tiristor l ch cn dng
v p iu khin nh nhng c th chu c p v dng rt ln chy qua.
- H thng mch iu khin phi p ng c cc yu cu sau:
+ Pht xung iu khin chnh xc vo ng thi im m ngi thit k
tnh ton sn.
+ Cc xung iu khin pht ra phi ln v bin v rng m cc
van.
+ Xung iu khin phi c i xng cao v m bo c phm vi iu
chnh gc m .
+ Dng xung c iu chnh thch hp v tc ng nhanh.
+ m bo hot ng tt, tin cy cao khi in p ngun thay i gi tr
bin .
Ngoi ra h thng iu khin phi c nhim v n nh dng in ra ti v
bo v h thng khi xy ra s c qu dng hay ngn mch ti.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

34

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

II. S KHI V CHC NNG.

Da vo nguyn tc iu khin v yu cu ca cng ngh ta thit lp c s
khi ca b iu khin:
Ung

Uta

KX

BC

BAX

Uk
Uph

BK
Ud

Trong :
Ung: in p ngun
Uk: in p iu khin

II.1.Nguyn tc iu khin:
iu chnh gc m ca cc tirisor trong na chu k in p dng ta
thng dng hai nguyn tc iu khin: thng ng tuyn tnh v thng ng
arccos.
II.1.1. Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng tuyn tnh:
ur
ur m
uc

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

35

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

Theo nguyn tc ny ngi ta dng hai in p:

- in p ng b (ur), ng b vi in p dt trn cc A K ca tirisor,
thng t vo u o ca khu so snh.
- in p iu khin (uc) - in p mt chiu c th iu chnh c bin ,
thng t vo u khng o ca khu so snh.
By gi hiu in th u vo ca khu so snh l:
ud= uc- ur
Mi khi uc= ur th khu so snh lt trng thi, ta nhn c sn xung ca
in p u ra ca khu so snh. Sn xung ny thng qua a hi mt trng
thi n nh to ra mt xung iu khin.
Nh vy, bng cch lm bin i uc ngi ta c th iu chnh c thi im
xut hin xung ra, tc l iu chnh c gc m ca tirisor.
Gia v uc c quan h:
u
= c
U r .m
Ngi ta ly Ucmax = Ur m
II.1.2. Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng arccos:
Theo nguyn tc ny ngi ta dng hai in p:

- in p ng b (ur), vt trc uAK=Um.sin t ca tiristor mt gc l 2 :

us=Um.cos t

- in p iu khin (uc) - in p mt chiu c th iu chnh c bin

(theo hai chiu dng v m).
Nu t u2 vo cng o v uc vo cng khng o ca khu so snh th khi
ur=uc ta s nhn c mt xung rt mnh u ra ca khu so snh khi khu ny
lt trng thi:

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

36

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

ur
Uc

ur
0

t
uc

(ur + uc)
Hnh 4.3: Nguyn tc iu khin thng
ng ARCCOS
Um.cos =uc.
Do :
uc

=arccos U m

Khi uc= Um th =0.

Khi uc=0 th = 2 .

Khi uc = -Um th = .
Nh vy, khi iu chnh ucmt tr uc= +Um n tr uc= -Um, ta c th iu
chnh c gc m t 0 n .
Nguyn tc iu khin ny c s dng trong cc thit b chnh lu i hi
cht lng cao.
II.2. Khu ng pha (F):
C nhim v to in p trng pha vi in p th cp bin p mch lc.
Khu ny c chc nng xc nh im gc tnh gc iu khin . V vy n
c gc pha lin h cht ch vi in p mch lc. Thng thng khu ng pha
cn lm nghim v cch ly gia mch lc in p cao vi mch iu khin in
p thp.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

37

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

D2D3

R2
R0

Ung

D3
D4
Hnh IV.1: S khi ng pha.
Tn hiu ng b c th ly t bin p lc cng c th ly
t mt bin p khc. Do trong mch iu khin c nhiu khu
s dng ngun in p thp nn chng ta dng mt bin p c
qun nhiu cun dy th cp, mi cun c mt chc nng ring
bit, trong s dng cun c in p 0V-12V-24V dng cho
khu ng b. Mch to xung ng b c ly t in p li U
= 220V, f=50Hz, trng pha vi in p t nn cun s cp
ca bin p ng lc. Hai it D2 v D3 lm nhim v chnh
lu to ra tn hiu U1 lm ngng so snh vi tn hiu mt
chiu.
Gi tr in p mt chiu sau chnh lu l:
U1 =

1
2

2U 2 sin d =

2 2
U 2 = 0,9.U 2 = 0,9.12 = 10,8V

Ta chn 2 Diot D1 v D2 l diot IN4007.

II.3. Khu to xung ng b.

+E
1

U0

R3 R3
_ OA2 R5 2
R5
+
R4 R4

D11

Hnh IV.2. Khu to xung ng b

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

38

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

u1

u0
0

urss
t

0
u2

Hnh IV.3. Dng in p khu to xung ng b

in p U1 c so snh vi in p U0 to ra cc tn hiu tng ng vi thi im in p ngun i qua im khng.
U0 cng nh th xung U2 cng hp v phm vi iu chnh
cng ln
Na chn max = 1750 th U0 =

2U 2 sin 5 0 (IV.1)

Chc nng ring bit, trong s dng cun c in p 0V12V-24V dng cho khu ng b. Mch to xung ng b c
ly t in p li U = 220V, f=50Hz, trng pha vi in p t
nn cun s cp ca bin p ng lc. Hai it D2 v D3 lm
nhim v chnh lu to ra tn hiu U1 lm ngng so snh vi
tn hiu mt chiu.
T phng trnh IV.1 ta c U 0 = 2 .12. sin 5 0 = 2.12.0,087 = 1,48V .
U

0
Ta c : R = R + R
4
3
4

1,48
12
=
R4
R3 + R4

1,48( R3 + R4 ) = 12 R4
1,48 R3 = 10,52 R4

R3
= 7,1
R4

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

39

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

tn tht trn in tr nh chng ta chn R4 = 4,7K, R3 =

33K,R5= 2,2K.

II.4. Khu to in p ta (Uta ):

To in p c dng c nh ( tam gic, rng ca, cosin) c chu k lm vic
theo nhp ca in p ng pha.
2 T1

C1
R6
-E

R7 3

+ OA3

Hnh IV.4. Khu to in p rng ca

u2
t

0
u3
0

HnhIV.5. Dng in p to xung rng ca

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

40

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

Nguyn l c bn ca khu ny l dng mch tch phn v

kha in t T1, T1 l tranristor ngc C828. Khi U2 = 0, T1 kha
t C1 c np in bi dng in:
IR =

E
= I C = const
R6
t

U R6

1
1 E
E
= UC =
I C dt =
dt =
t

C 0
C 0 R6
R6 C

Ti thi im in p U2 chuyn t 1 0 t C1 phng ht

in ( UC1 = 0) v bt u c np in. Khi U2 = (01)
tranristor T1 thng, t C1 bt u phng in cho ti khi in
p U2 = (10). T C1 phng in trong sut rng ca xung.
Khi U2 chuyn trng thi t (01) t C1 c np in tr li.
II.5. B iu ch(BC).
B iu ch (hnh IV.6)gm b to xung ca hay cn gi in p ta Uta v
b so snh(SS), tn hiu ng b Uk s ng b qu trnh lm vic ca my pht
xung rng ca. Xung rng ca c so snh vi tn hiu iu khin trong b so
snh.
Uk

URC

URC

SS
t
Uk

t
Hnh IV.6. B iu ch

Ti thi im Urc= Uk th b so snh s to ra mt xung m v tr ca n trn

trc thi gian s ph thuc vo gi tr ca tn hiu iu khin (hnh IV.7).
(3)
Uk

u
0

urss

u3
OA3

R8

(4)
D6

udk
t

urss
t

0
u

Sinh vin: Nguyn4Vn Bnh

41

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

Hnh IV.7. Dng in p b iu ch

II.6. Khu phn hi.
II.6.1. Khu phn hi dng in.
R21
R10
R

20
R11

RS

OA6 R3
R22
_
R12

R25
R15
R24
4 R14

-E

VR1

_ OA7 5

4066

R13 R23

Hnh IV.8. Khu phn hi dng in.

in p phn hi c ly trn in tr RS trn mch lc. Tn
hiu ny qua khuych i thut ton OA6 c lt li tng thi
sau c cng vi tn hiu ch o ly trn trit p VR1 U4 =
UfhI + Uc1 (Uc1 ly trn trit p VR1). Ban u khi cha ni ti
vo mch, in p ca b chnh lu l Ud = U0, dng in Id =
0. Khi ni ti vo mch dng in tng ln, do ni tr ca c
qui nh nn dng in s tng ln rt ln s lm gim tui th
ca c qui. hn ch tc tng trng dng in chng ta
s dng khu phn hi dng in gi dng in lun
lun n nh gi tr t. Khi bt u np dng in trong
mch tng ln, lm cho in p ly trn in tr RS tn ln. in
p U4 tng, qua khuych i thut ton OA7 tn hiu c lt li
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

42

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

trng thi, in p U5 tng, Uk tng. in p iu khin tng,

lm tng gc m . Do in p trn mch lc gim xung,
in p gim lm cho dng in gim xung bng gi tr
t chnh l dng in np cho c qui. Ngc li khi dng
in trong mch lc gim xung, lm cho in p iu khin
gim, gc m tng ln, in p trn mch lc tng dn n
dng in tng ti gi tr t.
II.6.2. Khu phn hi in p.
R27
R26

Rf

R31
R28

4066

OA8

OA9

+E
VR2

Hnh IV.9.Khu phn hi in p

Tn hiu phn hi in p c ly trn in tr phn hi Rf.

Khuch i thut ton OA8 ng vai tr l khu lp tn hiu,
vi h s khuych i l k =

R17
= 1 . Mch phn hi in p lm
R16

nhim v n nh in p khi dung lng ca c qui t

c 80% nh mc. Bin tr VR2 l bin tr ly in p ch
o, Uc np ln nht khi mi ngn c qui t ti 2,7V.
UkU = U7 = UphU - Uc
Trong :
Uc: in p ch o ly trn bin tr VR2.
UphU: in p ti u ra ca khuych i thut ton
OA8 (U6).
Khi in p np tng ln ln hn gi tr in p t cho mi
ngn c qui n l 2,7V lm cho Uf tng, UfhU tng, lm cho
UkU tng ln. in p iu khin tng lm cho gc m tng,
do vy Tiristor bt m, in p np c qui gim xung bng gi
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

43

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

tr t. Do vy in p lun c gi n nh xung quang

gi tr t.

II.6.3. Khi chuyn mch np.

R32

Rf

OA10
R33

D14
+E

VR2

Hnh IV.10. Khu chuyn mch np

Khi dung lng ca c qui t ti 80% gi tr nh mc mch
s t ng chuyn t ch np dng in sang ch np
bng in p. Bin tr VR2 l bin tr t gi tr ch o tng ng vi in p trn mi ngn ca c qui l 2,4V. Khi in
p np cho mi ngn ca c qui di 2,4V, in p U6 nh hn
in p chu o ly trn bin tr VR2, in p tai u ra ca
khuych i thut ton OA10 (U8) m. Tn hiu ny kho ch
np n p v cho ch n dng hot ng. Khi in p
trn mi ngn ca c qui t ti 2,4V, in p U6 ln hn in
p ly trn bin tr VR3, in p ti u ra ca khuych i
thut ton OA10 chuyn trng thi (01). Tn hiu ny lm m
ch np bng in p ng thi qua phn t o kho
ch np dng in.
II.7. B iu khin (BK):
Nhm thc hin mt quy lut iu khin no c iu chnh bng lng
t (ph thuc vo cng ngh ) v lng phn hi (ph thuc cc tham s U, I,
ca ti ) to ra in p iu khin iu chnh gc khng ch nng
lng ra ti theo yu cu.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

44

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

II.8. Khi to xung chm.

R11
R27

Uc

R
R3010

R29
R28R13

t2

t3

Ur

+ OA11

C2

t1

R12

D6

U9
0

Hnh IV.11. Khu to xung chm.

B OA11 l mt da hi dao ng to o ra cc xung vung c
tn s cao lp di lp li theo chu k, vi mc ch lm gim
kch thc ca my bin p xung.
T in C2 v in tr R11 to thnh mch tch phn. Mch
R12, R13 l mch phn hi. Nguyn l lm vic ca mch nh sau:
gi s ti thi im 0 in p ra ca khuych i thut ton
t gi tr cc i Ur = Urmax +E.
Thng qua mch phn hi R12, R13 u vo + ca khuych
E

i thut ton s c tn hiu phn hi + U 0 = R + R .R13 duy tr

12
13
khuych i thut ton nm ch bo ho dng. Lc ny
t C2 c np thng qua in tr R11 . Khi t=t1, in p UC t
gi t U0, khuych i thut ton lt trng thi v Ur = -Urmax
-E. in p trn t C2 khng th thay i t ngt v lc ny
t C2 li phng in qua R11. thi im t = t2, khi
U C = U 0 =

E
R13 , khuych i thut ton lt trng thi Ur =
R12 + R13

Urmax +E v sau qu trnh li c lp li.

Thi gian phng ca t C2 l:
t x = R27 .C. ln(

U r max + U 0
2R
) = R11 .C. ln(1 + 13 )
U r max U 0
R12

Mch to chm xung c tn s f= 1/2fx = 3 ( kHz) hay chu k

ca xung chm
T= 1/f = 333 (s)

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

45

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

ta c : T= 2. R11. C2. ln(1+2. R13/ R12)

Chn R12= R13= 33k . th T= 2,2 R11. C2 = 333 (s)
vy : R11. C2 = 151,36 (s)
Chn t C2 = 0,1s c in p U = 16 (V) ; R11= 15136 ().
thun tin cho vic iu chnh khi lp mch th ta chn
R11=2 K.
II.9. Khu khuych i xung v bin p xung.
+E
D9
D8

D10

T2
R14

T3
R17

Hnh.IV. Khu bin p xung v khuch i xung

Tnh Bin p xung(BAX):
Theo phn tnh ton mch lc, ta c:
+ Dng in lm vic cc i: Im = 35A.
+ in p ngc cc i t nn van: Ung = 500V.
+ Tn tht in p: U = 2V.
+ thi gian chuyn mch(m v kho): tcm = 120s.
+ Gi tr dng iu khin: Ig = 120 mA.
+ in p iu khin: Ug = 1,4 V.
+ Dng in t gi: Ih = 200mA.
+ Dng in r: Ir = 20mA.
+ Nhit lm vic cc i: Tmax = 125 0C.
rng xung iu khin: tx = 2.tcm = 240s.
V y cng l gi tr dng p th cp my bin p
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

46

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

Chn vt liu lm li l st Ferit HM. Li c dng hnh xuyn, lm vic trn

mt phn ca c tnh t ho c: B = 0,3T; H = 30 A/m; khng c khe h
khng kh.
+ T s bin p xung: m= 23 chn m = 3
+ in p cun th cp ca my bin p xung:
U2 = Ug = 1,4V.
+ in p t ln cun s cp my bin p xung:
U1= mU2 = 3x 1,4 = 4,2V.
+ Dng in th cp my bn p xung:
I2 =Ig = 120mA
+ Dng in s cp my bin p xung:
I1 = I2/m = 120/3 = 40mA
+ thm t trung bnh tng i ca li st:

tb

B
0,3
= 8.10 3
6

H
1
,
25
.
10
.
30
= 0
=

Th tch li thp:

V = Q.l =

tb . 0 .t x .s x .U 1.I1
B 2

Trong :
- tb : t thm trung bnh ca li st.
- 0 : t thm ca khng kh(1,25.10-6).
- tx: rng xung
- U1 : in p s cp
- I1 : dng in s cp
- sx : Mc st bin xung()
Thay s vo ta c :
V =

8.10 3.1,25.10 6.240.10 6.2.4,2.0,04

= 1,65.10 6 m 3 = 1.65cm 3
(0,7) 2

Da vo bng I.5 trang 120_sch tnh ton v thit k mch in t cng

sut_Trn Vn Thnh :

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

47

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

Chn mch t OA-22/30-6,5(v V=Q.l= 8,2.0,26=2,13 cm3); c cc s liu

sau:
a = 4 mm
d = 22 mm
D = 30mm
Q = 0,26cm2
l = 8,2cm
S vng qun dy s cp BAX:
- Theo lut cm ng in t :
U 1 .t x
w1 = B.Q.k (vi k = 0,76 l h s cht y).
4,2.240.10 6
W1 =
= 73
0,7.26.10 6.0,76
vng

- S vng dy th cp :
w1
73
w2 = m = 3 = 25 vng

- Tit din dy qun th cp

I1
S1 = J 1

- Chn mt dng in J1 = 4 A/mm2

S1 =

0,04
= 0,01mm 2
4

ng knh dy qun s cp :
d1 =

4S1
=

4.0,01
= 0,11mm
3,14

Chn dy dn c tit din trn (bng p.5 trang232_tnh ton v

thit k thit b in t cng sut_Trn Vn Thnh). Tit din S1
2

=0,095(mm ),

ng

knh

d1

0,11(mm),

trng

lng

0,0845gam/m.
Tit din dy qun th cp:
I2
0,12
S2 = J 2 = 4 = 0,03 mm2

Chn mt dng in J2 = 4 A/mm2

- ng knh dy qun th cp:

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

48

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng
4S 2
=

d2 =

4.0,03
3,14 = 0,2 mm

Chn dy dn c tit din trn (bng p.5 trang232_tnh ton v

thit k thit b in t cng sut_Trn Vn Thnh). Tit din S2
2

=0,03142(mm ),

ng

knh

d2

0,2(mm),

trng

lng

0,279gam/m.
- Kim tra h s lp y:

S1 w 1 + S 2 w 2
d 12 w 1 + d 22 w 2
0,112.73 + 0,03 2.25
d2
(. )
4
d2
22 2
kl =
=
=

kl < 1:nh vy ca s din tch cn thit.

Tnh ton khu K cui cng
T2, T3, T4, T5: chn transistor cng sut loi 2SC911 lm vic
ch xung c cc thng s:
+ Transistor loi npn, vt liu bn dn l Si
+ in p gia collector v baz l khi h mch Emito :
UCB0 = 40 V
+ in p gia Emito v Baz khi h mch Colecto : UEB0
=4V
+ Dng in ln nht Colecto c th chu ng c :
ICmax = 500 mA
+ Cng sut tiu tn Colecto : PC = 1,7 W
+ Nhit ln nht mt tip gip T1 =1750 C.
+ H s khuych i = 50.
+ Dng in lm vic ca colecto IC5=I1=40 mA.
+Dng in lm vic ca Bazo IB5

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

49

I C 5 40
=
= 0,8( mA)

50
=

Lp: TH2_CK49

 n tt nghip

Thit k b np cqui t ng

Loi Tiristor chn c cng sut iu khin kh b nn dng colectobazo

ca Tranzito Tr3 v Tr5 kh b trong trng hp ny c th b Tr2 v Tr4 i
cng c m khi vn cng sut iu khin tranzito.
Chn ngun cp cho bin p xung: E= +12V ta phi mc thm in tr R16,R18
ni tip vi cc emito ln lt ca Tr3 v Tr5.
E U 1 12 4,2
=
= 195
0,04
R16 = R18 = I 1

in tr R14 v R15 dng hn ch dng in a vo Bazo ca Tr3, chn

R9 tho mn: R15 =R14 U/Ib5 = 12/8.10-4 = 0,15K
Chn R15 =R14 = 1K.
trong mch iu khin dng loi 1N4009 c cc tham s:
-

Dng in nh mc : Im = 10 (mA)

in p ngc ln nht : Ung = 25 (V)

in p cho Diot m thng : Um =1(V)

II.10. Khi ngun nui mch iu khin.

Bin p ngun nui v bin p ng pha dng chung cun s
cp. Do ta s dng mt my bin p vi mt cun s cp v
nhiu cun th cp, mi cun thc hin mt chc nng ring.
Cun 0V-12V-24V s dng lm cum ng pha vi tn hiu
ngun, cun 0V-18V-36V s dng lm ngun nui mch iu
khin.

7812

D1

D1

D1

D1

C1

C3

C2

C4

7912
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

+12V

50

-12V

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

Hnh4.15: Khi ngun nui mch iu khin.

- Cc linh kin s dng trong mch:
+ Chnh lu cu 5A.
+ T lc ngun trc v sau n p C1 = C2 = C3 = C4
=220F/50V.
+ Vi mch n p 78L12, 79L12 l loi vi mch n p c cng
sut nh. Dng in ti khng vt qu 100mA. Chng c bao
gi di 2 dng: v st l hiu bng ch H, v bng cht do k
hiu bng ch Z.

78L

CC

79L

CC

Hnh4.16:S b tr
chn.
Tnh ton my bin p ngun:

0V
U21

12V
U22

24V
0V

Ung

U23

18V
U24

36V
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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- Khi ngun 12 cp cho khuych i thut ton, I1 =

500mA.
Cng sut ca ngun nui l:
P1 =U1.I1 = 36.0,5 = 18W
- Khi ngun ng pha 0V 12V 24V, I2 = 500mA.
Cng sut ca ngun ng pha l:
P2 =U2.I2 = 24.0,5 = 12W
- Cng sut ca my bin p l:
P = P1 + P2 =18 +12 = 30W
- Dng in s cp my bin p l:
I1 =

P
30
=
= 0,136 A
U 1 220

- Tit din li thp mch t:

S=

k
P

1,2
30

= 0,22cm 2

Ta chn li thp c tit din S = 0,92cm 2, lm bng thp

k thut in dy 0,2mm, gm cc l thp hnh ch v
ch I ghp li vi nhau:
Theo cng thc kinh nghim chng ta tnh s vng/vn:
k
(vi
k = 4060 l h s ca my bin p, ly k = 50)
S
50
n0 =
= 54 vng/vn.
0,92
n0 =

- S vng dy cun s cp l:
W1 = n0.U1 = 54.220 = 11880 vng.
- S vng dy cun th cp l:
Cun 12V: W21 = W22 = n0.U = 54.12 = 648 vng.
Cun 18V: W23 = W24 = n0.U = 54.18 = 972 vng.
- Dng in trong cc cun th cp:
I 21 = I 22 =

W1
W
11880
.I 1 = 1 .I 1 =
.0,136 = 2,5 A
W21
W22
648

I 23 = I 24 =

W1
W
11880
.I 1 = 1 .I 1 =
.0,136 = 1,66 A
W23
W24
972

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

52

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

- Tit din dy qun:

+ Cun s cp:
+

Cun

S1 =

12V:

I 1 1,36
=
= 0,272 mm 2
J
5
(chn J = 5A/mm2)

S 21 = S 22 =

I 21 I 22 2,5
=
=
= 0,5mm 2
J
J
5
(chn

5A/mm2)
+

Cun

18V:

S 23 = S 24 =

I 23 I 24 1,66
=
=
= 0,33m 2
J
J
5
(chn

5A/mm2)
- ng knh dy th cp l:

+ Cun s cp:

+ Cun 12V:

d1 =

4.S1
=

d 21 = d 22 =

+ Cun 18V:

d 23 = d 24 =

4.0,272
= 0,59mm

4.S 21
=

4.S 23
=

4.S 22
=

4.S 24
=

4.0,5
= 0,8mm

.
4.0,33
= 0,65mm

- Tra s tay thng s dy dn tit din trn (sch in

t cng sut NXB Khoa hc k thut 1996, Nguyn Bnh),
ta chn c dy:
+ Dy s cp: d1 = 0,59mm, S1 = 0,2734mm2,
0,21ohm/m.
+ Dy s cp: d21 = d22 = 0,8mm, S1 = 0,5027mm2,
0,0342ohm/m.
+ Dy s cp: d23 = d24 = 0,67mm, S1 = 0,3526mm2,
0,0488ohm/m.
II.11. Cc linh kin in t s dng trong mch.
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

53

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

- Ton b mch in phi dng 4 cng AND nn ta chn hai

IC 4081 h CMOS. Mi IC 4081 c 4 cng AND.
Vdd
14

&

&

&

&
7

Hnh4.4: S chn IC4081.

* Cc thng s:
Ngun nui IC : Vcc = 3 9 (V), ta chn: Vcc = 12 (V).
Nhit lm vic : - 40o C 80o C
in p ng vi mc logic 1: 2 4,5 (V).
Dng in nh hn 1mA
Cng sut tiu th P=2,5 (nW/1 cng).
- Mch s dng 11 khuych i thut ton (OA1OA11) do
vy chng ta cn 4 con IC TL084. mi con c s b tr
chn nh hnh bn di:
-Vcc
14 13

12 11 10

+
_

+
_

3 4 5

+Vcc

Hnh4.5: S chn ICTL084.

*Thng s ca TL084 :

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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in p ngun nui : Vcc = 18 (V) chn Vcc = 12

(V)
Hiu in th gia hai u vo: 30 (V)
Nhit lm vic : T = -25 850 C
Cng sut tiu th: P = 680 (mW) = 0,68 (W)
Tng tr u vo : Rin= 106 ( M)
Dng in u ra
: Ira = 30 ( pA).
Tc bin thin in p cho php
:
du/dt

13

(V/s).
- Mch s dng mt phn t o ly t IC7404 c s b
tr chn nh hnh v:
Vcc
14

Hnh4.6: S chn 7404.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

55

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

II.12. Mch iu khin:

Qua phn tch yu cu cng ngh cng nh tm hiu, ta c s mch iu.
II.12.1. S mch iu khin.

+E

OA1
D1
R3

+E

R16

R1

R4

D9

D8

AND

D10

T2
R5

D3

R17

D5

R0

OA3

R8

C1

T3

R14

T1

+E

R9
R18

R7

D4

-E

OA5

OA4
D2

AND

Udk

R2

D12

D6
D11

D13

T4
T5

R15
R19

OA2
R21

R25

R20

R34

4066

R11

RS
OA6

OA7
+E
VR1

R26

R31

R28

7404

R10
C2

4066

D7
R12

OA8

R13

OA9

+E
VR2

OA10
R33

Rf

D14

+E

VR3

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Lp: TH2_CK49

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

II.12.2. Dng in p.
u1
u0 ttttttt t
uu000080
t
u
954
II.12.3. Nguynuu0l
hot
ng.
u
u
3
dk t
276
Tn hiu xoay chiu U1 sau khi c chnh lu bi D3, D4 s c so snh
vi in p Uo to ra tn hiu ng b U2 qua b khuch i OA1. Tn hiu
ny tng ng vi thi im m in p ngun i qua im khng.
Khi tn hiu ng b dng s m bng T1 gim in p trn t C v 0.
Khi tn hiu ng b m, Tranzito T1 kho t C1 c np in theo cng thc:
Et
Uc = R7

u ra ca b khuch i thut ton OA2 c tn hiu rng ca U3, sau

tn hiu rng ca c so snh vi tn hiu iu khin Udk nh b so snh
khuch i thut ton OA3 to ra dng in p U4 nh hnh v.
B khuch i OA4 l mt a hi to xung c tn s cao U5 vi mc ch
gim kch thc ca my bin p xung.
Tn hiu phn phi U6, U7 c trn ln vi tn hiu U5 v U4 to ra tn
hiu cho tng Tiristo ring U8, U9. Nhng tn hiu ny c khuch i v thng
qua bin p xung a trc tip ln cc iu khin ca Tiristo.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

PH L C
M PHNG TRN MY TNH
M phng l phng php m hnh ho da trn c s xy dng cc m hnh
ton hc. Cho php gii quyt thnh cng vi mc kh khn c gim i
nhiu ln. Bn cht ca phng php m phng l lm sao xy dng cc m
hnh s h thng, trong h thng c th c chia thnh cc h nh hn, thm
ch cc khu chc nng.
Lnh vc in t cng sut cng c ng dng rng ri vi nhiu phn mm
nh: PSPICE, SABER, PSIM, TINA,....
Sau y l phn mm ELECTRONIC WORKBENCH MULTISIM V6.02
dng m phng hot ng cu s mch iu khin:

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

S :

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

59

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

o dng in p ti cc im chng ta s dng Oscillscope o trong phn

mm kim tra dng in p ti cc khu:
in p ti khu ng pha (1):

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

in p so snh gia in p sau chnh lu vi in p t U0:

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

61

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

in p ti khu to xung ng b (2):

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

62

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

in p rng ca v in p iu khin:

in p ra ca khu iu ch (4):

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

63

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

in p ti im 6:
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

64

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

65

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

in p ti im 7:

in p khu xung chm (5):

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

66

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

in p iu khn ti im 8:

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

67

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

in p iu khin ti im 9:
Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

KT LUN
Sau mi tun thc tp tt nghip di s hng dn nhit tnh ca thy
gio V Minh Chnh chng em c thit k b np acqui t ng. Da trn
c s nhng kin thc c hc, ti liu tham kho, cng vi s hng dn
nhit tnh ca thy gio. Qua t thc tp ny chng em tip thu c nhiu
kinh nghim. Bit vn dng nhng kin thc mnh hc vo trong thc tin
cuc sng
Nhim v thc tp c hon thnh vi s n lc ca bn thn, song do
kinh nghim thc t cn hn ch, thi gian khng di nn vn khng trnh khi
nhng sai st. Em rt mong c s gp thm ca thy gio v cc bn quyn
n ca em c hon thin hn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n !

Sinh vin
Nguyn Vn Bnh

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. in t cng sut _V Minh Chnh, Phm Quc Hi, Trn Trng
Minh.
2. in t cng sut_Nguyn Bnh.
3. Tnh ton v thit k cc thit b in t cng sut_ Trn Vn
Thnh.
4. Hng dn thit k mch in t cng sut_Phm Quc Hi.
5. Trang b in t_Nguyn Oanh.
6. Phn mm m phng Circuit Maker.

Sinh vin: Nguyn Vn Bnh

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Thit k b np cqui t ng

71

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