You are on page 1of 39

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

M U
1. S hnh thnh d n v cn thit thnh lp bo co Trc nhu cu v s lng bao b ca cc cng ty: Cty TNHH CBTS XNK Ph Cng, Cty CP CBTS XK Minh Hi, CTY TNHH CBTS XNK Kin Cng, Cty CP TPTS XNK C Mau, Cty CP CBTS XK Vit Cng v cc c s sn xut khc. Chng ti mnh dn u t xy dng mi Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng p ng nhu cu . ng thi vn xa hn na ra th trng ngoi tnh trong lnh vc sn xut bao b cho ngnh thy sn. Vic y mnh pht trin ngnh kinh t - x hi th yu cu bo v mi trng lun c song hnh. Cc d n u t c nh hng n mi trng nht thit phi tin hnh lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM). l iu kin cn m bo pht trin bn vng. Cng ty C phn bao b Hi Cng tin hnh lp TM nhm phn tch, d bo, nh gi cc tc ng v nu ra gii php x l, gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc. TM l c s php l v khoa hc c quan qun l Nh nc v bo v mi trng kim tra gim st cng tc bo v mi trng khi tin hnh xy dng v cc hot ng sau ny ca d n. 2. Cn c php l v k thut Cc vn bn php lut gm: - Lut Bo v mi trng c Quc hi thng qua ngy 25/11/2005. - Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph Nc Cng Ho X Hi Ch Ngha Vit Nam v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v Mi trng. - Thng t 08/2006/TT-BTN&MT ngy 08/09/2006 ca B Ti nguyn & Mi trng hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng. - Cc tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam. Ngoi cc vn bn php l, cc phng php c s dng nh gi nh: thng k, so snh v cc s liu thu thp c t kho st thc t ni xy dng d n. 3. T chc thc hin thc hin bo co TM Cty C phn bao b Hi Cng kt hp vi Vn phng ng k Quyn s dng t tnh C Mau hon thin ni dung. Ngoi ra, cn tham kho kin ca cc ngnh lin quan.

Trang 1

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

CHNG I M T S LC D N
1.1 Tn d n D N U T CNG TY C PHN BAO B HI CNG 1.2 Ch d n CTY TNHH CBTS XNK PH CNG 1.3 V tr ca d n a im thc hin d n: p Cy Trm, X nh Bnh, Tp C Mau, tnh C Mau. - Pha ng gip t nng nghip v nh my in Diesel. - Pha Ty gip t nng nghip v trm trn btng - Pha Nam gip Quc l 1A - Pha Bc gip t nng nghip. 1.4 Ni dung c bn ca d n 1.4.1 Quy m Xy dng mi cc phn xng sn xut v c s h tng trang thit b sn xut bao b v may bo h lao ng. D n trin khai trn din tch 9.894,0 m2 v 133,9 m2 s dng lm bn nhp xut hng ho. 1.4.2 Cc hng mc cng trnh Cc hng mc cng trnh chnh ca d n gm: - Ci to nng cp nh xng sn xut, din tch 1.894 m2 - Xy dng nh xng to sng, din tch 453,6 m2 - Xy dng xng bo h lao ng, din tch 212,5 m2 - Xng sa cha 473 m2, xng ho cht 306 m2 1.4.3 Cc cng trnh ph tr Khu hnh chnh 207,0 m2, ci to khu tp th 262,0 m2, nh bo v, nh xe, ng ni b, ci to v xy mi hng ro 203m, in, nc, cy xanh

Trang 2

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

1.4.4 Danh mc cc thit b my mc v ho cht s dng Cc thit b my mc m chng ti s dng, c th hin bng sau: TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 DANH MC VT S LNG My dn sng nn B 1 L hi 01 tn B 1 My in thng 4 mu h Flexo B 1 My ct khe B 1 Xe nng giy cung Chic 1 My dn thng Ci 1 My ct dy Ci 1 My khc ch Ci 1 My chp nh A1 B 1 Phng tin vn chuyn Chic 1 My thi ti PE B 1 My ct ln x bin B 1 Dy chuyn may bo h lao ng B 1 (Ngun: D n u t xy dng Cty bao b Hi Cng)

D n s dng cc my mc, thit b mi hon ton; mt s t thit b qua s dng vi tnh trng k thut 85% Cc ho cht s dng trong sn xut khng nhiu, gm cc dng sau: TT Danh mc Ghi ch 1 Mc in Dng lng 2 Bt Loi kt hp vi nc to h dn (Ngun: D n u t xy dng Cty bao b Hi Cng) 1.4.5 M t dy chuyn sn xut Sn xut thng carton: Tip nhn nguyn liu (giy) in, ng dn Thnh phm. Cng sut: 6.607.055 thng/nm Sn xut ti PE: Tip nhn nguyn liu (ht PE) Ct p Thnh phm khu dn sng Ct B,

Pha ko

M nhit

ng tre gi

Cng sut: tng khi lng ti PE l 336.960 kg/nm v 7.789.824 hp PE. Sn xut bo h lao ng: Nguyn liu (vi) ct, vt s, may, tha phi, m nt sn phm. Cng sut: 15.000 b/nm
Trang 3

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

1.5 Mc tiu d n u t mt bng v trang b my mc thit b to ra sn phm bao b; may bo h lao ng p ng nhu cu hin nay v hng n xut khu. 1.6 Tin thc hin Khi cng v hon thnh trong nm 2007

Trang 4

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

CHNG II IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI KHU VC THC HIN D N


2.1 iu kin t nhin 2.1.1 a hnh - a cht a hnh khu vc C Mau tng i bng phng, y l c trng chung ca vng ng Bng Sng Cu Long. Qua tham kho s liu ca cc d n xy dng trong khu vc thnh ph C Mau, cao trung bnh dao ng t 0,1 0.8m. Da trn kt qu kho st ca X nghip kho st Thit k, a cht khu vc thnh ph C Mau c nhng im sau: - t c ngun gc sng bin hn hp, nn t c cu to bi trm tch c tui Holoxen trung thng pha trn, pha di c ngun gc sng bin hn hp tui Holoxen sm. - Cu to cc lp t khu vc thnh ph C Mau t trn xung gm: + Lp bn st c b dy khong 17-18m, cng chu ti R=0,5-1kg/cm2. + K di l lp st c b dy cha xc nh, cng chu ti R=3kg/cm2. + Ring tuyn ng Ng Quyn: trn l lp st yu dy khong 24m, k di l lp st do vi chiu dayy ln hn 8m 2.1.2 Nhit Theo s liu thng k, nhit trung bnh ti khu vc C Mau hng nm cao 27,60C, bin dao ng nh hn 3,40C. Din bin nhit trong cc nm gn y nh sau: Bng 2.1: Din bin nhit cc thng trong nhng nm 2001-2005 (O0C)
1 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 26,4 26,5 26,3 26,3 26,8 2 26,7 26,8 26,5 26,1 26,0 3 27,6 27,9 27,9 28,3 27,7 4 28,2 29,2 29,7 29,7 29,3 5 28,2 28,6 29,7 28,6 29,0 6 27,3 27,6 28,0 28,5 28,6 7 27,5 28,6 28,3 27,2 27,2 8 27,1 27,6 27,3 28,0 28,1 9 27,7 27,9 27,2 27,3 27,8 10 26,8 27,2 28,0 27,0 27,6 11 27,2 26,7 27,5 27,7 27.4 12 26,9 26,8 27,7 26,1 25,8 C nm 27,3 27,6 27,8 27,6 27,6

(Ngun: Trung tm d bo kh tng thy vn C Mau) 2.1.3 m m tng i trung bnh trong cc nm gn y cao 82% v thng t cao nht vo thng 10 l 88%, thp nht vo thng 3 l 73%

Trang 5

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

Bng 2.2: Din bin m tng i trung bnh trong cc nm 2001-2005 (%)
Thng Nm 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1 80 81 74 76 78 2 79 79 75 76 79 3 78 79 74 76 77 4 80 79 73 75 75 5 84 82 76 83 80 6 86 85 84 82 82 7 84 81 83 87 87 8 85 85 86 84 84 9 84 84 86 86 83 10 88 86 83 87 85 11 83 80 84 83 82 12 82 77 81 78 84 C nm 83 82 80 81 81

(Ngun: Trung tm d bo kh tng thy vn C Mau) 2.1 4 S gi nng C Mau nm trong khu vc c s gi nng trung bnh kh cao khong 2.324 gi. Trong nm, thng 03 c s gi cao nht t 276 gi /thng, thng 07 c s gi nng thp nht 134 gi/thng Bng 2.3: S gi nng trong nhng nm gn y Nm 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 S gi nng c nm (gi) 2.148,7 2.507,6 2.317,7 2.321,7 2.324,2 (Ngun: Trung tm d bo kh tng thy vn C Mau) 2.1.5 Lng ma Khu vc C Mau chu nh hng ca gi ma nn lng ma hng nm cao. Ma ma ko di t thng 5 n thng 11 vi lng ma chim ti 91%, trong giai on ny cng cao nht l 541mm (08/2002). Trong khi ma kh t thng 11 n thng 05 nm sau, lng ma ch chim 9%, cng thp nht 0,4 mm (04/2002). Bng 2.4: Lng ma (mm) ti C Mau Ma ma (05-11) Ma kh (11-05) Nm Lng ma T l (%) Lng ma T l (%) 2001 2339 89 291 11 2002 1989 83 408 13 2003 2273 98 55 2 2004 2426 97 65 3 2005 2059 91 204 9 (Ngun: Trung tm d bo kh tng thy vn C Mau) 2.1.6 Ch gi Trong nm c hai hng gi chnh, t thng 11 05 hng gi ng Bc chim u th, tc trung bnh 3,3 m/s, vn tc tc thi t 28,0 m/s. Cc thng cn li c hng gi chnh l Ty Nam tc trung bnh 1,8 m/s giai on ny trng vi thi gian ma nhiu trong nm, thng 05 11.
Trang 6

C nm 2630 2397 2328 2491 2263

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

2.1.7 Ch thy vn C Mau vi h thng sng ngi chng cht v c hai pha gip bin (ng, ty). y l mt li th v mt giao thng, thy likhu vc thc hin d n c Kinh sng C Mau - Bc Liu. Ch thy vn khu vc C Mau chu nh hng ca ch triu bin pha ng, bn nht triu. 2.2 iu kin kinh t - x hi 2.2.1 Dn s Dn s thnh ph C Mau n nm 2005 l 202.471 ngi, mt trung bnh 826 ngi/km2. Dn s hot ng trong ngnh thy sn chim phn ln, t nht l trong lnh vc xy dng. Ti khu vc thc hin d n, dn c c chiu hng gia tng nhanh (gia tng c hc) do c s hnh thnh cc nh my ch bin thy hi sn. 2.2.2 C s h tng giao thng * Kh nng cung cp in thng tin lin lc Khu vc c mng in quc gia phc v p ng c nhu cu pht trin kinh t - x hi ca tnh. V thng tin lin lc, c bn p ng c nhu cu hin nay, c ng dy cp ngm v cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng nh: Vinaphone, VMS MobiPhone, Viettel,cung cp cc dch v a dng. * Nc Khu vc d n hin nay cha c mng li cp nc th. p ng nhu cu nc sinh hot, cng ty chng ti s dng ngun nc ngm t ging khoan. * Giao thng a im thc hin d n c Quc l 1A i qua, y l tuyn giao thng quan trng ca tnh C Mau vi bn ngoi. Bn cnh Kinh sng C Mau-Bc Liu cng gp phn ng k n giao thng v vn chuyn hng ho. 2.2.3 Nng nghip y l vng t nhim mn tm thi nn hot ng nng nghip km pht trin. Vo thi k u ma ma, mt s ni tn dng nc ma ra phn, ra mn, trng cc loi rau c phc v sinh hot hng ngy. Nhng h c iu kin ln mng lp, ci to t th trng c quanh nm, nhng ch quy m gia nh. Chn nui cng dng li quy m nng h

Trang 7

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

Nui trng thy sn, trn ton thnh ph t nui tm chim trn 60% tng din tch t t nhin. Bn cnh din tch nui tm cng nghip cng tng. Tuy nhin sn lng tm nui cng nghip hng nm khng cao. 2.2.4 Thng mi v dch v Cc c s kinh doanh ln nh tp trung ti trung tm, kinh doanh nhiu lnh vc khc nhau, ng k nht vn l hot ng ca cc nh my ch bin thy hi sn 2.2.5 Y t v gio dc Theo s liu tham kho t cc ngnh lin quan, tnh hnh y t v gio dc ngy cng c nng cao v p ng c yu cu cho s pht trin x hi 2.3 Hin trng mi trng nn 2.3.1 Mi trng khng kh a. Cht lng khng kh nh gi cht lng khng kh xung quanh cho mt khu vc i hi phi ly mu, phn tch nhiu thng s trong khong thi gian nht nh. Trong iu kin gii hn chng ti la chn mt s thng s tiu biu nh sau: Bng2.5: Cht lng mi trng khng kh ti khu vc d n TT ch tiu Phng php o Kt qu TCVN 5937 : TCVN 5938 : (g/m3) 2005 2005 1 HF My OLDHAM 167 20(trung bnh 1 gi) 2 SO2 My OLDHAM 267 350 (trung bnh 1 gi) 3 CO My OLDHAM 0 30.000 (trung bnh 1 gi) 4 H2S My OLDHAM 1.414 42(trung bnh 1 gi) 5 HCl My OLDHAM 152 60(trung bnh 24 gi) 6 NH3 My OLDHAM 0 200(trung bnh 1 gi) 7 Bi My OLDHAM 360 300 (trung bnh 1 gi) (Ngun: Vn phng ng k Quyn s dng t tnh C Mau)

Trang 8

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

V tr o: p Cy Trm, X nh Bnh, Tp. C Mau, ngy 16/4/2007 TCVN 5937 : 2005 Cht lng khng kh Tiu chun cht lng khng kh xung quanh TCVN 5938 : 2005 Cht lng khng kh xung quanh - Nng ti a cho php ca mt s cht c hi trong khng kh xung quanh Nhn xt: Qua kt qu phn tch cho thy cht lng khng kh ni y c biu hin nhim. Gi tr cc thng s u vt tiu chun cho php nhiu ln, ch c NH3, CO, SO2 thp hn tiu chun cho php. iu ny c th l gii do im o mu gn trc l giao thng v nht l cnh nh my in Diesel C Mau. y l hai ngun c kh nng gy nhim mi trng khng kh xung quanh. b. Ting n xc nh mc n nn chng ti thc hin o nhanh ti khu vc thc hin d n, kt qu nh sau: Bng 2.6: Mc n ti khu vc thc hin d n Thi gian o Mc n (Khu vc 3) Thit b o 09 gi, 16/4/2005 62 73 LA215 TCVN 5949 : 1998 75 (Ngun: Vn phng ng k Quyn s dng t tnh C Mau) V tr o: p Cy Trm, X nh Bnh, Tp. C Mau, ngy 16/4/2007 TCVN 5949 : 1998 m hc - Ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c - Mc n ti a cho php. Kt qu o thc t cho thy mc n nn khu vc khng vt qu tiu chun cho php 2.3.2 Mi trng nc a. Nc mt Kt qu phn tch mt s ch tiu tiu biu phn nh cht lng nc mt ti khu vc thc hin d n, kt qu nh sau: Bng 2.7: Cht lng nc mt
TT 1 2 3 4 5 Ch tiu n v pH Nhit c DO BOD5 C NTU mg/l mg/l
0

Phng php th My TOAWQC22A My TOAWQC22A My TOAWQC22A My TOAWQC22A Thit b o BODOXITOP

Kt qu NM1 NM2 7,4 6,52 31,4 28,4 354 17 9,65 7,35 16 6,0

TCVN 5942 : 1995 A B 6,0-8,5 5,5-9,0 20,0 80,0 >6,0 >2,0 6,0 <25,0
Trang 9

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

6 7 8

Ch s Pemang anat Colifor m EC

mgO2/l TCVN 6186-1996 mg/l mS/m TCVN 6187-2-1996 My TOAWQC22A

25 5,4X104 45,3

7,9 5,4X1 02 7,37

<10,0 5.000 -

<35,0 10.000 -

(Ngun: chi cc Tiu chun o lng cht lng C Mau) V tr ly mu: NM1: Kinh sng C Mau-Bc Liu, on nh my in Diesel C Mau, ngy 16/4/2007 NM2: Khu vc nui trng thy sn (pha ni ng) ngy 18/7/2007 TCVN 5942 : 1995 cht lng nc Tiu chun cht lng nc mt Nhn xt: T kt qu phn tch cho thy cht lng nc mt ti khu vc thc hin d n b nhim nh, nht l on Kinh sng C Mau - Bc Liu. y l c im chung ca cht lng nc sng rch tnh C Mau. b. Nc ngm Theo ti liu iu tra, nh gi hin trng, tr lng nc ngm ca Lin on Bn a Cht Min Nam th tr lng nc ngm khu vc C Mau tng i ln. V cht lng, mt s ni trong tnh c biu hin nhim bn nh tng nng, nguyn nhn do cha tun th nghim ngt k thut khoan. Qua kho st thc t kt hp ly mu, bo qun v phn tch mu ti Chi cc tiu chun o lng cht lng C Mau. Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ngm khu vc thc hin d n nh sau: Bng 2.8: Cht lng nc ngm
ST T 1 2 3 4 5 Ch tiu n v Phng php th My ORION 150 TCVN 6180-1996 TCVN 6194-1996 TCVN 6177-1996 TCVN 6187-2-1996 Kt qu 369 1,92 9,4 0,249 1,0x100 TCVN 5944 : 1995 750-1.500 45,0 200-600 1,0-5,0 TDS mg/l NO3 mg/l Cl mg/l Fe - tng mg/l Coliform MPN/100ml

(Ngun: chi cc Tiu chun o lng cht lng C Mau) V tr o:Ging khoan c su 135m ti p Cy Trm, X nh Bnh, Tp C Mau, ngy 16/4/2007 TCVN 5944 : 1995 Cht lng nc Tiu chun cht lng nc ngm Nhn xt: T kt qu phn tch cho thy cht lng nc ngm khu vc ny cha c du hiu nhim

Trang 10

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

2.3.3 H sinh thi Qua kho st thc t ti khu vc thc hin d n, h sinh thi ni y km a dng, do cc nguyn nhn sau: - y l khu vc nhim mn tm thi, phn ln din tch t dng vo mc ch nui tm. Do tng t mt nhim mn theo ma nh hng n s pht trin ca thc vt trn cn so vi khu vc chuyn trng la. - Thy sinh vt ng k l tm nui cc h gia nh, cc loi thy sn pht trin t nhin rt t - ng vt ch l gia sc nh v gia cm chn nui quy m nng h.

Trang 11

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

CHNG III NH GI CC TC NG N MI TRNG KHI THC HIN D N


3.1 Ngun gy tc ng Cc hot ng t khi xy dng, nng cp h tng c s n khi d n i vo hot ng s to ra mt s tc ng tiu cc n mi trng xung quanh t cc ngun sau: 3.1.1 Cc ngun gy nhim mi trng trong giai on xy dng Cc ngun thi trong giai on din ra trong thi gian khong 03 thng, vi cc ngun thi v ti lng c nhn dng nh sau: a. Cc ngun thi chnh * San lp mt bng San lp mt bng c th gy cc ngun chnh sau y: - nhim khng kh do t ct cun ln do gi -Kh thi t cc phng tin chuyn dng cha bi, SOx, NOx, COx, hydrocacbon. -nh hng ting n t cc phng tin thi cng. -Cht thi sinh hot ca cng nhn. * Vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, thit b v thi cng Vt liu xy dng c vn chuyn ti a im bng xe c gii. Bn cnh l vo cui giai on ny cc tranh thit b, my mc phc v sn xut s c a n lp t, cc hot ng ny s gy ra mt s tc ng nh sau: - nhim khng kh thi t cc phng tin vn chuyn cha bi, SOx, NOx, COx, hydrocacbon. - nhim ting n. - nhim bi trong qu trnh vn chuyn. * Tp trung cng nhn Vic tp trung cng nhn ti a im thi cng s pht sinh mt khi lng nht nh nc thi v rc thi sinh hot c kh nng nh hng n cht lng mi trng v sc khe con ngi. b. Ti lng thi - i vi ngun pht sinh bi (t, ct) cun ln theo gi:
Trang 12

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

Hot ng san lp lm tng hm lng bi trong khng kh c th ln n 200 400 /m3 ( Ngun: Hng dn bo v mi trng trong xy dng cc cng trnh giao thng, B xy dng) so vi tiu chun cho php TCVN 5973 2005 ( trung bnh 1 gi, 300 /m3 ) th hm lng bi c th cao hn t 1 -1,5 ln, thi gian nh hng xy ra khong 01 thng. - i vi ngun pht sinh kh thi t phng tin vn chuyn v thi cng: Theo cc ti liu nghin cu cho thy i vi ng c s dng nhin liu l du DO th hm lng cht nhim trong khi thi nh sau: Bng 3.1: Thnh phn kh c trong khi thi ca ng c Diezen Thnh phn kh Ch lm vic ca ng c c hi trong Chy chm Tng tc n nh Gim tc khi thi (%) Kh CO Vt 0,1 vt vt Hydrocacbon 0,004 0,02 0,01 0,03 Nit xit, ppm 60 850 250 30 (Ngun: nhim khng kh v x l kh thi, Trn Ngc Chn) Cht c hi Lng c hi, g/Km on ng Kh CO 0,69 2,57 Hydrocacbon 0,14 2,07 Kh NOx 0,68 1,02 Kh SO2 0,47 (Ngun: nhim khng kh v x l kh thi, Trn Ngc Chn) -i vi ting n: Trong giai on ny mc n pht ra t cc phng tin vn chuyn th khng ng k. ng quan tm l ting n pht sinh t cc phng tin thi cng nh my ng cc, mc n c th ln n 107 dBA (Ngun: Hng dn bo v mi trng trong xy dng cc cng trnh giao thng, B xy dng) so vi TCVN 5949 : 1998 mc n p dng cho khu vc 3 ( khu dn c xen k trong khu thng mi, dch v, sn xut) l 75 dBA. -i vi cht thi sinh hot: Cng nhn tham gia xy dng lm pht sinh cht thi ( nc thi v cht thi rn sinh hot). Tuy nhin lng ny khng ng k v s lng tp trung t t 15 -20 ngi. Thnh phn nhim trong nc thi sinh hot nh sau:

Trang 13

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

Bng 3.2: Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot (ngi/ngy/100 lt nc) STT Cht nhim TCVN Nng 5945 : 2005 ca cc cht gy nhim (mg/l) 1 BOD 50 450 540 2 COD 80 720 1020 3 SS 100 700 1450 4 Tng nit 30 100 300 5 Amniac 10 24 48 6 Tng phtpho 6 8 40 7 Tng coliform 5000 106 109 8 Trng giun sng 103 (Ngun : Thng k ca WHO) i vi cht thi rn sinh hot ca cng nhn tham gia xy dng trong trng hp ny th tng i n gin gm cht thi thc phm, giy, cht do vi ti lng thp, khng ng k. 3.1.2 Cc ngun gy nhim trong giai on hot ng a. Ngun thi chnh * Ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh Trong qu trnh hot ng, d n c th gy nh hng n cht lng khng kh xung quanh. Cc cht nhim c to ra v pht tn vo khng kh t cc ngun sau: -Kh thi t xe nng nguyn liu v vn chuyn sn phm c chc bi, SOx, NOx, COx, hydrocacbon. -Kh thi t trong l hi: + Nu t bng du DO s nh hng n mi t cc tc nhn SOx, COx, hydrocacbon. + Trng hp l hi t bng than t ong th tc nhn gy nhim khng kh l khng ng k. -Kh clo pht sinh trong giai on nung ht PE. -Bn cnh , m bo hot ng lin tc k c thi im khng c in, cng ty lp t mt my pht in s dng nhin liu l du DO, cng sut 100 KVA. Kh thi t ny gm bi, SOx, NOx, COx, hydrocacbon. -Ngoi ra, trong khu vc xng may c th pht sinh bi t cc ct, vt s. * Nhit d Trong qu trnh hot ng ca cng ty ngun nhin liu d pht ra t: -Khu vc my pht in d phng (khi hot ng) -Khu vc nung ht PE (l hi)
Trang 14

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

* Ting n Trong qu trnh hot ng ting n c pht ra t cc my mc thit b, phng tin tham gia vn chuyn nguyn liu v sn phm, cng nhn lao ng, hot ng ca my pht in d phng. * Ngun nhim mi trng nc - Nc thi sinh hot ca 56 cc b cng nhn vin lm vic hng ngy c chc cc cht thnh phn gy nhim nh cht rn l lng, cc cht hu c BOD 5, COD, cc cht dinh dng v vi sinh vt. - Nc thi sn xut ti cng ty rt t khong 1-2m3 /ngy m. nh gi cht lng nc thi, chng ti tin hnh kho st, ly mu phn tch nc thi ca Cty Bao b Tin Hi thao kho(c loi hnh sn xut tng t Cty Bao b Hi Cng) v a ra bin php x l thch hp. Kt qu kho st nhn thy: nc thi c mu rt en; kt qu phn tch cc ch tiu khc nh sau: Bng 3.3: Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sn xut STT Ch tiu n v Kt qu TCVN 5945:2005 1 pH 5,17 5,9 9 2 BOD5 mg/l 4.000 50 3 COD mgO2/l 125.021 80 4 SS mg/l 64.485 100 5 5 Coliforms MPN/100ml 5,4 x 10 5.000 (Ngun: Chi cc Tiu chun o lng cht lng C Mau) Ngy ly mu: 9 gi, ngy 13/08/2007. V tr ly mu: H thu gom nc thi ca cng ty Ngun pht sinh: T khu dng c in mu v ra tay ca cng nhn. Nhn xt: Qua kt qu phn tch nc thi ca Cty bao b Tin Hi nhn thy loi hnh sn xut ny tuy nc thi ra t nhng nng nhim rt cao, vt tiu chun cho php nhiu ln (COD vt 1.562 ln, SS vt 644 ln, BOD5 vt 80 ln). V vy trc khi thi ra mi trng cn phi qua h thng x l ph hp. * Ngun pht sinh cht thi rn Trong qu trnh hot ng CTR ca d n ch yu c ngun gc l cht thi sinh hot v cht thi t qu trnh may v qu trnh sn xut c dng bao b. Cht thi rn t qu trnh sn xut nh nha. giy, vi d tha t khu may bo h lao ng, bao b nguyn vt liu, bao b h hng. Cht thi rn t khu in. Ngoi ra c th c mt t cht thi rn (b h) pht sinh trong giai on dn sng. b. Ti lng thi -Vi ngun pht sinh kh thi cc xe vn chuyn nh nu phn trn 3.1.1
Trang 15

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

-Cc ngun pht sinh nhit nh my pht in v l nung ht, nhit pht sinh t khu vc ny khng qu ln. -Trong giai on sn xut, vi quy m v c im sn xut ca d n, mc n pht ra thp hn tiu chun cho php. Ring my pht in v khu b thng carton c th vt tiu chun nhng ngun ny khng lin tc. So vi TCVN 5949 : 1998 mc n p dng cho khu vc 3 ( khu dn c xen k khu thng mi, dch v, sn xut) l 75 dBA. -i vi nc thi sinh hot khi thi ra mi trng m khng qua x l s chc cc cht thnh phn gy nhim mi trng. thnh phn ca nc thi bng 3.2 -Cht thi rn sinh hot vi thnh phn l : hu c d phn hy, giy carton, cht do, c pht sinh t hot ng hng ngy ca cc b cng nhn vin lm vic trc tip, vi s lng 56 ngi c tnh 39,2 kg/ngy.m (Ngun: Cty CTNN & CTT, trung bnh 0,7kg/ngi.ngy.m) 3.1.3 Ngun tc ng khc -Hot ng ng cc, xy dng bn nhp xut hng ho s gy xo trn lp bn y v mt tm thi lp bn y. iu ny lm mt ni sng ca h ng vt y gy mt cn bng tm thi mi trng y. Tc ng ny xy ra mc nh v mi trng y s n nh tr li. 3.1.4 Nhng ri ro v s c mi trng c kh nng xy ra S c mi trng c th xy ra l do tr du DO phc v sn xut 3.2 i trng v quy m tc ng Da trn cc ngun gy tc ng v loi cht thi t cc ngun ny nh trnh by phn trn. Cc i tng c th tc ng gm: 3.2.1 i tng t nhin b tc ng l cc thnh phn ca mi trng vt l - Mi trng khng kh +Cht lng khng kh +Ting n -Mi trng nc -Mi trng t 3.2.2 i tng kinh t - x hi Cc i tng kinh t - x hi b tc ng bi cc d n l i tng ang c con ngi s dng. -Cht lng cuc sng con ngi hay sc khe cng ng.
Trang 16

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

-iu kin kinh t - x hi v tc ng khc nh : s dng t, giao thng vn ti. Vi quy m ca d n, cc ngun cht thi tc ng ln cc i tng trong phm vi nh. Mt s tc ng ch din ra trong thi gian thi cng xy dng 03 thng. Cn li mt s tc ng do hot ng sn xut gy ra th thi gian tc ng ko di theo qu trnh hot ng ca d n trong trng hp khng p dng cc bin php x l gim thiu tc ng t cc ngun. 3.3 nh gi cc tc ng n mi trng 3.3.1 Trong giai on xy dng, nng cp h tng c s a.Cht lng khng kh * Bi: Bi pht sinh trong giai on ny lm tng cc b hm lng bi trong khng kh xung quanh. Trong mi trng c m cao, bi cn l nguyn nhn gy r st v n mn kim loi. N cng lm gim m quan v gy tc hi cho cc thit b in v cc mi hn in. nh hng ca bi ng quan tm l gy tc hi cho sc kho con ngi. Bi vo phi gy kch thch c hc v pht sinh phn ng s ho phi gy nn bnh hen xuyn, vim cun phi,. Tu thuc vo kch thc ht, bi s gi li trong phi khi kch thc trong khong 0,1 0,5 m; kch thc < 0,1 m s b y ra ngoi sau khi ht, tuy nhin vn khng gy sng ty ng h hp khi tip xc lin tc trong thi gian di. * Kh thi: Hot ng ca cc xe chuyn dng trong giai on ny s thi vo khng kh xung quanh mt lng nht nh cc loi kh thi nh SOx, NOx, COx, hydrocacbon. Kh SOx, NOx khi b oxy ho v kt hp vi nc ma to nn ma axit gy nh hng n s pht trin ca cy trng v thm thc vt. S c mt SOx, NOx, trong khng kh nng m cn lm tng cng qu trnh n mn kim loi, ph hu vt liu btng, nh ca. Bn cnh lm tng nng cc cht thnh phn gy nhim mi trng, chng cn nh hng n sc kho ca cng nhn lao ng v ngi dn trong khu vc. Mc nh hng ph thuc vo thi gian tip xc v nng cc cht nhim c trng khng kh Bng 3.4: Biu hin gy c ca SO2, NO2 v CO2 Tn Nng Biu hin 3 20.000 30.000 g/m Kch thch h hp 3 SO2 50.000 g/m Ho 3 130.000 260.000 g/m Nguy him 3 NO2 5990 g/m nh hng xu n h h hp
Trang 17

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

CO2

nh hng n phi nu tip xc thng xuyn 0,5 1,5 % Gy kh chu n khng th lm vic 3,0 6,0 % Nguy him n tnh mng khi tip xc 40 60 pht ( Ngun: c hi mi trng, L Huy B ) 72 g/m3

b.Ting n v nhit d * Ting n: Trong giai on xy dng, nng cp h tng c s ting n pht sinh do hot ng ca cc phng tin thi cng s gy nh hng trc tip n ngi lao ng v lan truyn ra khu vc ln cn. Bng 3.5: Mc nh hng ca ting n STT n Mc nh hng 1 Nh hn 45 dB v m v Khng gy hi nh hn 60 dB v ban ngy 2 70 80 dB Gy mt mi 3 95 110 dB Bt u nguy him 4 120 140dB C kh nng gy chn thng (Ngun: nhim mi trng khng kh th V khu cng nghip, Phm Ngc ng) Khi tip xc vi mc n qu cao th b phn thnh gic v h thn kinh l hai c quan ca con ngi d b nh hng nht. c bit i vi nhng ngi tip xc trc tip vi ting n. Theo cc nghin cu, khi khong cch tip xc tng hoc gim gp i th mc n s tng hoc gim i 6dB. Ting n cn nh hng n sinh hot, ngh ngi cho ngi dn trong khu vc ln cn. nh hng ny khng ln do cc hot ng sn xut ca d n khng pht ra ting n ln. Trong giai on ny tc ng ca ting n l khng th trnh khi. Mc d vy, khi p dng cc bin php bo h thch hp v b tr thi gian thi cng hp l th nh hng t ngun ny khng ln. * Nhit d: Nhit d cng l yu t c cp n. V con ngi khi tip xc thng xuyn vi ngun pht sinh nhit s b mt mi, mi nh hng n sc kho v gim hiu sut lao ng. So vi cc tc nhn khc gy nh hng n sc khe con ngi th nhit d l yu t t gy hi nht. c.Cht lng nc

Trang 18

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

* Nc chy trn: Do d n tn dng mt phn nn c sn c nn din tch san lp khng ln. Hot ng ny s dng cc xe chuyn dng ch ct n lp sau m nn nn hot ng ny hu nh khng c nh hng ng k n mi trng nc, so vi trng hp bm ct. * Nc thi sinh hot: Vic tp trung cng nhn, 15 20 ngi xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh s pht sinh mt lng nc thi sinh hot l 1,5 2,0 m3/ngy.m (trung bnh 100 lt/ngi/ngy.m).Nc thi sinh hot cha cc thnh phn nh BOD, COD, TSS, vi sinh vt gy nhim mi trng nu khng c bin php x l thch hp. Nc thi sinh hot khng qua x l s gy nhim mi trng nc thng qua nhng biu hin sau: -Gia tng hm lng hu c dn n gim hm lng oxy ho tan trong nc. T gy hi cho hot ng sng ca thu sinh vt ni chung, tm c ni ring. -Tng hm lng cc cht dinh dng NH+4, PO3-4 trong nc c th gy nn hin tng ph dng ho. c bit l hm lng NO 2 cao trong nc rt nguy him cho ngi v ng vt. -Tng c, mu, mi (vi sinh vt pht trin) -To iu kin cho cc vi trng gy bnh t, l, thng hn, pht trin. d.Cht thi rn Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng cht thi rn (CTR) pht sinh t hai ngun ch yu l sinh hot ca cng nhn v cht thi rn xy dng. -i vi cht thi rn pht sinh t cng trnh xy dng phn ln c tnh tr t gy hi. Tuy nhin phi c bin php qun l thch hp chng khng gy nh hng n mi trng. -i vi cht thi rn sinh hot, theo s liu t Cng ty cp thot nc v cng trnh th, lng CTR pht sinh trung bnh l 0,7 kg/ngi/ngy.m. Nh vy vi s lng cng nhn hin din trong giai on ny c lng c khong 10 -14 kg/ngy.m. Lng ny khng ng k nhng khng qun l thu gom s gy nh hng mi trng khng kh v sc khe con ngi. Bi l CTR sinh hot lu trong iu kin m cao v vi sinh vt sn c trong cht thi s chuyn ho to ra cc sn phm c mi kh chu nh sulfit hu c, amin, diamin, mercaptan. e.Mi trng t Tt c cc hot ng trong giai on ny t nhiu gy xo trn mi trng t. Vn ng xem xt y l s ri rt khi tip nhin liu gy nhim mi trng t. Tc nhn ny lm thay i tnh cht t v nh hng n cc hot ng sng trong mi trng t.
Trang 19

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

3.3.2 Trong giai on d n hot ng Khi d n hon thnh, cc xng i vo hot ng cc ngun gy nh hng n mi trng trong giai on thi cng gim xung thp v khng cn nh hng. Tuy nhin, cc hot ng sn xut tip theo c th gy nh hng n mi trng bi cc cht nhim khc nhau. a.nh hng ca kh thi Kh thi t my pht in Diesel: Cc cht thnh phn gy nhim t ngun ny nh trnh by (mc 3.1.1). nh hng t tc nhn ny l khng ng k cho my pht in ch hot ng trong thi gian mt in. Trong khu vc sn xut s dng rt t phng tin vn chuyn (01 xe nng cun giy, 01 xe vn chuyn) nn ngun ny cng khng nh hng ng k n cht lng khng kh. Trong giai on nung ht c th pht sinh kh clo.Tuy nhin giai on ny ch lm ht PE nng chy, cha xy ra qu trnh chy nn hm lng clo pht sinh vo khng kh khng ng k. Ngun ng quan tm trong giai on sn xut l t l hi (s dng du DO) nung ht. Cht thi gy nhim mi trng do s dng loi nhin liu ny gm: hydrocacbon SOx, NOx, COx, VOC. Tc hi t cc cht gy nhim ny c trnh by phn trc (mc 3.3.1) b. nh hng ca bi Trong giai on ny, bi pht sinh khu sn xut thng carton v xng may bo h lao ng s nh hng trc tip ln sc kho cng nhn lm vic v mi trng xung quanh. Cc ht bi c kch thc ln c th sa lng ti ch, cn cc ht nh s gy hi cho sc kho qua ng h hp. Bi vo phi gy kch thch khoa hc v pht sinh phn ng s ho phi gy nn bnh hen xuyn, vim cung phi, Tu thuc vo kch thc ht, bi s gi li trong phi khi kch thc trong khong 0,1 0,5 m; kch thc < 0,1 m s b y ra ngoi sau khi ht, tuy nhin vn gy sng ty ng h hp khi tip xc lin tc trong thi gian di. Mc d vy, vi quy m sn xut ca cng ty v p dng cc bin php gim thiu thch hp th cc nh hng ny khng ln. c. nh hng ca cht thi rn Giai on hot ng CTR pht sinh gm cht thi sn xut v CTR sinh hot.

Trang 20

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

-Cht thi rn sn xut nh giy, vi vn, polime, bao b h hng, .t gy nh hng n mi trng. Ring CTR t khu in ti thnh phn phc tp lng ny nh d qun l. -Cht thi rn sinh hot ca 56 ngi (0,7 kg ngi/ngy/m), c lng khong 39,2kg/ngy.m, lng ny nh d kim sot, khng gy nh hng ng k n mi trng. -i vi b h ri rt trong giai on dn sng nu khng thu gom hng ngy s pht sinh mi hi kh chu cho cng nhn.V b h c thnh phn hu c d phn hu v chuyn ho to mi. d. nh hng ca nc thi sinh hot Trong giai on ny,lng nc thi sinh hot ca tt c lao ng ti cng ty khong 5-6 m3/ngy.m. Nc thi sinh hot c cha cc cht thnh phn gy nhim mi trng nh BOD, COD, TSS, vi sinh vt. Nu khng qua x l s gy cc tc ng tiu cc nh sau: -Gia tng hm lng hu c dn n gim lng oxy ho tan nc. T gy hi cho hot ng sng ca thu sinh vt ni chung, tm c ni ring. -Tng hm lng cc cht dinh dng NH+4, PO3-4 trong nc c th gy nn hin tng ph dng ho. c bit l NO 2 rt nguy him cho ngi v ng vt. -Tng c, mu, mi (vi sinh vt pht trin) -To iu kin cho cc vi trng gy bnh t, l, thng hn, pht trin. 3.4 nh hng ca iu kin kinh t - x hi 3.4.1 nh hng n sc kho cng ng Ni chung tt c cc yu t tc ng tiu cc n mi trng sng u gy nh hng xu n sc kho cng ng hay ngi dn xung quanh. Tuy nhin tu thuc vo nng ca cc cht nhim c trong khng kh v thi gian tip xc m tc ng ny s khc nhau, trong trng hp c th ca d n th tc ng ny l rt nh. Cc bnh thng gp do mi trng khng kh nhim l ho, hen xuyn, vim phi, nhim khng kh cn c tc ng ln da v gy nga. Ting n cng l yt t tc ng xu n sc kho con ngi, gy nh hng n h thn kinh v c th gy tn thng nu tip xc vi ting n c cng cao. 3.4.2 Tc ng n yu t kinh t - x hi Mt ngha quan trng nht l d n m ra mt hng gii quyt nhu cu bao b, bo h lao ng cho cc x nghip ch bin thu hi sn trong tnh. Bn cnh l thc y s pht trin kinh t a ngnh ca a phng.
Trang 21

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

3.4.3 Tc ng khc * Giao thng vn ti: Khi d n hnh thnh v i vo hot ng t nhiu to ra s gia tng phng tin giao thng ti ni y. S tp trung phng tin giao thng cn to ra tc ng th cp gia tng nhim khng kh t kh thi ca phng tin. Vi quy m ca d n th tc ng ny khng ng k. * S dng t: Vi din tch m d n s dng l 1,1ha s khng gy nh hng n qu t chung ca C Mau hin nay. 3.5 nh gi v phng php s dng thc hin TM 3.5.5 u im Trong iu kin gii hn, cc phng php m chng ti s dng thc hin TM c nhng u im sau: -Tnh ph bin rng -Mang li hiu qu cao v d thc hin -D dng kim chng li cc kt qu thc hin trong TM 3.5.2 Nhc im Bn cnh nhng thun li, cc phng php m chng ti s dng thc hin TM vn cn tn ti mt s vn sau: -Cc s liu thu thp c c mt phn l s liu th cp. -Mc nh lng ca cc nh hng v mt khng gian, phm vi nh hng cha cao. Tm li, tt c cc s liu, kt qu thu thp c hon ton p ng c yu cu i vi cng tc nh gi tc ng mi trng cho d n.

Trang 22

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

CH NG IV BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG


4.1 i vi cc tc ng xu 4.1.1. Gii php gim thiu tc ng trong giai on xy dng * i vi kh thi t cc phng tin c gii: Kh thi thi t cc phng tin c gii tham gia xy dng v cc xe chuyn ch nguyn vt liu c cha bi, SOx, NOx, COx, hydrocacbon. hn ch nhim khng kh t ngun ny, chng ti p dng cc bin php sau: - Phng tin vn chuyn c ng kim m bo cht lng trong qu trnh lu thng. - Cc phng tin c iu chnh ch t nhin liu ph hp v khng ch vt ti trng quy nh cho tng loi xe. - Cc phng tin chy chm v n nh tc hn ch nng cc cht nhim pht thi vo khng kh. - Thng xuyn kim tra tu sa, bo dng nh k h thng my mc m bo tnh trng k thut tt cho cc phng tin, lm gim thiu nh hng ca chng n mi trng trong qu trnh hot ng. * i vi kh thi t qu trnh nung ht PE ( l hi): - Khi s dng du DO t l hi th kh thi t ngun ny c thnh phn SOx, NOx, COx, hydrocacbon. Da trn bn cht ca cht gy nhim, chng ti la chn phng php x l hp th kh thi trc khi thi ra mi trng. Phng n ny c hiu qu l x l kh thi hon ton, cc cht nhim c gi li trong dch hp th nn c hiu qu x l cao. (S nguyn l x l kh thi xem trang sau.)

Trang 23

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

Kh sa h c

Qua hu t t

Kh tha i Xi lanh ma g n n c

HNH 4.1: S NGUYN L X L KH THI

Nguyn l hot ng nh sau: - Kh thi c a t ngun thi n h thng xylon mng nc, y mt s kh thi c gi li. - Phn kh thi cn li tip tc c a qua h thng hp ph bng than hot tnh. Cc kh thi cha c hp th giai on xylon mng nc s b gi li hon ton ti y. Kh thi sau khi qua h thng x l s c nng cc cht gy nhim thp hn tiu chun. - Chuyn ng ca dng kh thi i vo v ra khi h thng nh vo qut ht lp t pha cui h thng.

Trang 24

Than hoa tnh t

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

4.1.2. i vi bi * Trong giai on thi cng: - Trong giai on xy dng, gim lng bi t ct cun ln do gi, cng ty p dng bin php phun nc vo nhng ngy nng ti khu vc cng trng v bi cha vt liu. - S dng cc xe chuyn dng ch nguyn vt liu xy dng, Nhm hn ch t ct ri rt trn ng. iu ny va khng nh hng n giao thng va trnh c nguyn nhn pht sinh bi trong nhng ngy nng nng. - Cc xe ch vt liu xy dng c ph bt gim n mc thp nht bi pht tn vo khng kh trong qu trnh vn chuyn. * Trong qu trnh sn sut: Trong qu trnh sn xut, bi pht sinh ti cc phn xng sn xut thng carton v xng may bo h lao ng. V ngun ny c cha cc ht c kch thc rt nh nu khng x l thch hp s nh hng n sc khe lao ng v mi trng khng kh. Chng ti p dng phng php sau: - Phng php lc c hc: trong phng php ny s dng cc qut thng gi c mc cc ti lc bi ( lc tay o) thu gi bi. Khng kh trong khu vc sn xut pht tn ra ngoi qua qut thng gi cha hm lng bi thp hn tiu chun 5937 : 2005. S dng qut thng gi cn c tc dng gip khu vc sn xut thng thong, hn ch s gia tng nhit d, gim nguy c chy xy ra. 4.1.3 Hn ch nh hng do ting n Nh trnh by phn trc, nh hng ca ting n ng quan tm l trong giai on xy dng. - hn ch ting n ti khu vc cng trng ch d n khng cho cc phng tin thi cng gy n ln hot ng sau gi hnh chnh. - Cc phng tin c kim tra mc n pht ra trc khi a vo hot ng thc hin tt phng n gim n. - Trang b thit b trnh n ( nt tai ) cho cng nhn lm vic trc tip v ngun n ln v cng nhn lm vic gn my pht in. Trong giai on sn xut, ting n pht ra t khu b l khng th trnh khi, khu ny hot ng gin on nn nh hng ca n khng ln. i vi ngun t my pht in, chng ti p dng cc bin php sau: - a vo s dng loi my m bo cht lng k thut, c mc n pht ra thp. - S dng my pht in c h thng mut cch m cch nhit, lp t m cao su cho cc chn my chng rung. - Trang b thit b chng n ( nt tai ) cho cng nhn nlm vic trc tip vi ngun pht ra mc n ln v cng nhn lm vic gn my pht in.
Trang 25

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

4.1.4 i vi nc thi *i vi nc thi sinh hot: Trong giai on xy dng v sn xut, ngun nc thi ng quan tm ca d n l nc thi sinh hot v sn xut. i vi loi ny, chng ti s dng hm t hoi c ngn lc x l trc khi thi vo ngun tip nhn.

LA G N NGA N C H A
A

Og da pha n n n Og tho g hi n n
A

LO C

MA BA G T N

n n n an be ng da 80 mm Og da pha to y

LO C

NGA N C H A

LA G N

LO C

Og xa n n tha c i (P VC 150 u c lo xung quanh) Va lie lo bag t u c n a 4x6 hoa sa so c n i

Cha tha t i

MA CA A-A T T

MA CA B-B T T

Hnh 4.2 HNH HA THOA BA NGA M I N

Th tch hm t hoi c tnh nh sau: Th tch lng: V1 = a: tiu chun nc thi N: s lng cng nhn T: thi gian lu tn ( 3-5 ngy ) Th tch hm cha: V2 =

a N T 3 (m ) 1000

b N 3 (m ) 1000

b: tiu chun cha bn (20lt/ngi). Nh vy th tch hm V1 + V2 ( tng ng 30 m3) Da trn s lng cng nhn tham gia sn xut, chng ti xy dng hm t hoi c th tch m bo x l ht ngun ny. Nc thi sinh hot c x l bng hm t hoi trc khi thi vo ngun tip nhn l gii php c chp nhn ph bin hin nay. * Ho cht tn ng:
Trang 26

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

trnh tnh trng ho cht b tn ng trong cng ty nn cng ty tnh ton mua lng ho cht phc v cho qu trnh sn xut do khng c ho cht tn ng. *i vi nc thi sn sut: Bin php x l: Chng ti la chn phng php hp ph bng Bentonite x l do lng nc thi ca cng ty thp (ch 12 m3/ngy.m). Phng php hp ph bng bentonite c p dng cho cc loi nc thi c mu, cc c s tiu th cng nghip do lng nc thi khng nhiu nn gim gi thnh ca cng trnh x l c th p dng phng php hp ph tng m. Nu khi hot ng lng nc thi ln th phi p dng cc phng php sinh hc x l. S nguyn l h thng x l: SCR Nc thi B iu ho + lng Cn lng

Bentonite

B khuy trn

Lng 30 60

Cn lng

Lc p lc Sn phi bn Chlorine H kh trng Dch v thu gom rc

Knh xng CM - BL

Ch thch: Bentonite l mt loi vt liu hp ph c tinh ch t khong st, dng hp ph mu v mt s kim loi nh: asen, cu2+,rt hiu qu. Quy trnh vn hnh:
Trang 27

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

Nc thi t khu sn xut theo ng dn vo h thu gom c song chn rc loi b rc c kch thc ln, sau c a qua b iu ho loi bt cht rn l lng v mt phn BOD, COD. Nc thi sau c dn qua b khuy trn. Ti y, vt liu hp ph bentonite c cung cp vo vi t l 2,3kg/m 3. Hn hp nc thi v vt liu hp ph c xo trn bng dng nc tun hon trong nc thi trong thit b do bm chm to ra. Thi gian khuy trn thc hin trong 15-20 pht, thnh phn cc cht mu v mt phn cht hu c c hp ph ln vt liu bentonite v tch khi pha lng. Sau , ngng khuy trn v lu hn hp trong thit b 30 60 pht. Trong khong thi gian ny cn phn tn trong y lng xung y thit b bng qu trnh lng tnh. Sau thi gian lng, phn nc lng cho qua thit b lc nhm loi b trit cc cn l lng, sau qua h kh trng c kh trng bng chlorine nng 20 ppm sau 48 gi v thi vo ngun tip nhn l Knh xng CM-BL (Trc khi ra ngun tip nhn ngun nc thi ny phi qua knh thy li -cnh khu vc nui tm pha sau cty, V vy khu vc ny cty nn c bao hoc cc phng php ngn chn r r, thm thu sang khu vc nui tm ln cn) .Phn bn lng c thu gom a vo sn phi bn v hp ng vi Cty Cng trnh th thu gom a ra bi rc. Bin php kim sot cc ho cht s dng: Mu c s dng trong qu trnh hot ng c lu tr trong nh kho, y kn, khng nc ma chy trn hoc ngp. Thng xuyn kim tra cht lng s dng. Khng s dng cc loi ho cht cm s dng v cc loi thuc ngoi danh mc 4.1.5 i vi cht thi rn - Cht thi rn pht sinh trong giai on xy dng nh g coppha, gch vn c tn dng lp nn, phn cn li chuyn n ni ph hp. - Nhng thnh phn ti s dng c nh bao b, st thp,s thu gom bn ph liu. - i vi cht thi rn sinh hot trong giai on xy dng v sn xut, c thu gom v tr trong cc thng nha sau a vo mng li thu gom rc ca thnh ph hin nay. - Cht thi rn sn xut vi thnh phn t gy hi n mi trng c phn loi ti ngun nhm tn thu nhng loi ti s dng bn ph liu. Phn cn li khng s dng c s a vo mng li thu gom rc hin nay. - Phn b h ri rt trong giai on dn sng chng ti s thu gom hng ngy sau a vo mng li thu gom rc - Tro pht sinh t qu trnh t than t ong c che chn ph hp trc khi ch ra khi khu vc cng ty, trnh gy nhim khng kh xung quanh t yu t bi.
Trang 28

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

- Mt khi lng nh CTR pht sinh t khu in, ko la c thnh phn phc tp v cc kim loi nng, c tr trong cc thng rieng bit c ch thch n v thu gom rc chn lp trong thch hp. Tt c cht thi rn pht sinh m khng ti s dng c chng ti s hp ng vi Cng ty Cng trnh th thu gom v x l 4.2 Phng nga s c v cc bin php h tr * Phng chng s c mi trng: S dng cc thng cha t cht lng tt tr du DO v ho cht. Nn khu vc tr du DO v ho cht c lng ximng, c mng dn v h thu gom phng nga trng hp du, ho cht trn ra. V lng du d tr khong 300lt nn th tch h thu gom l 1 1,5 m3. *Phng chng chy n: m bo cng tc phng chng chy n c hiu qu, cc bin php c thc hin l: - Trang b cc thit b phng chy nh h thng bo chy t ng, bnh CO 2, cc li thot him v cc phng tin ny lun trng thi sn sng hot ng theo quy nh ca c quan chuyn ngnh. - Trong ca lm vic nhn vin lun c mt ti v tr lm vic ca mnh v thc hin ng cc thao tc k thut v an ton chy n. Khi pht hin du hiu bt thng phi bo ngay vi ngi c trch nhim x l kp thi. - Cc ng dy in c thit k an ton chng gy chp chy bng cc rle t ng, kim tra nh k ng dy v cc mi ni. - Phi hp vi c quan chuyn ngnh t chc hc tp, hun luyn cho cng nhn vin cc k thut c bn ng ph v x l s c chy n xy ra - m bo cng tc cha chy ti ch, chng ti d tr sn ngun nc ng ph s c chy xy ra trc khi c s tr gip ca n v chc nng. * Chng st: Lp t h thng ct thu st ti ch cao nht trong khun vin cng ty. H thng chng st c thc hin theo tiu chun 76/VT.Q ngy 02/3/1983 ca B Vt t in tr tip t ca h thng thu st phi nh hn 100 / cm 2 i vi t c in tr ln hn 50 / cm 2 . * Trng cy xanh: Ngoi cc bin php khoa hc k thut mang tnh quyt nh trong vic x l cht nhim chng ti cn b tr trng cy xanh cch ly. iu ny c tc dng gim s pht tn ca bi cng nh trnh c s lan truyn ca ting n. Ngoi ra cy xanh c th hp thu mt phn cc cht kh gy nhim khng kh. Cy xanh c trng xung quanh v theo ng ni b trong khu vc d n, din tch cy xanh chim 12 15% din tch d n.

Trang 29

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

CHNG V CAM KT THC HIN BIN PHP BO V MI TRNG

Khi xy dng d n, cc tc ng tiu cc n mi trng t nhin cng nh mi trng kinh t - x hi nu chng 3 v xut cc bin php x l, gim thiu chng 4. Cng ty C Phn Bao B Hi Cng cam kt thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng m bo pht trin d n ng thi gim thiu tc hi n mi trng. Cam kt thc hin cc bin php x l cht thi, gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc n mi trng; cam kt x l t tiu chun, quy chun hin hnh v mi trng; cam kt thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng khc theo quy nh hin hnh ca php lut Vit Nam.

Trang 30

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

CHNG VI CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG,CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG


6.1 Cc cng trnh x l nhim Da trn cc phng n x l, gim thiu cht thi gy nhim mi trng trnh by chng 4. Cc cng trnh x l gm: - Hm t hoi loi c ngn lc x l nc thi sinh hot ( v sinh ): - X l bi trong khu vc sn xut gm: X l bng phng php ti lc tay o c kch thc mc li nh hn 1mm. Cc qut thng gi c lp t vi khong cch ti a gia 2 qut phi khng qu 15m - Thng cha rc vi cc kch c khc nhau. 6.2 Chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng 6.2.1 Qun l mi trng m bo thc hin d n va mang li hiu qu v kinh t - x hi va bo v mi trng. Chng trnh qun l mi trng da trn cc tc ng gy hi n mi trng. a. Cc vn xem xt Trn c s d bo v nh gi cc ngun gy tc ng v bn cht ca cc yu t tc ng. Lnh o cng ty lun theo di cc hot ng trong tng giai on thc hin vic bo v mi trng thch hp vi iu kin thc t. Hot ng ca d n chia lm 02 giai on chnh: - Xy dng h tng c s: bc d, san lp, xy dng cc cng trnh phc v sn xut. - Giai on hot ng: sn xut bao b nha, giy; may bo h lao ng nha, vi. Cc vn mi trng c th trong tng giai on c xc nh v ch ra trong chng trnh gim st mi trng v thc hin nghim chnh cc vn .

Trang 31

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

b. Cc vn lin quan Ngoi vic tun th Lut mi trng, cc tiu chun mi trng v cc vn bn hin hnh v phng chng gy nhim, suy thoi mi trng. Cng ty s tun th cc vn bn sau y: - Lut bo v sc khe con ngi, thng 07 nm 1989. - Cc quy nh v v sinh v an ton lao ng. - Cc quy nh v an ton phng chy cha chy. c. Chng trnh qun l thc hin cc yu cu v bo v mi trng vic thnh lp b phn chuyn trch mi trng v phng thc hot ng l mt yu t quan trng m bo thc hin cc yu cu va nu t kt qu tt. B phn ny thc hin cc ni dung sau: - Phi hp ng b vi cc b phn khc trong cng ty theo di cc vn lin quan n mi trng. - Cung cp cc thng tin lin quan v t chc, phng thc hot ng v cc hng dn cn thit m bo thc hin hon chnh cng tc bo v mi trng. - Thit lp quy trnh, thc hin v kim tra thng xuyn cc cng tc bo v mi trng. - xut kp thi v to iu kin hon thin cc hot ng bo v mi trng. 6.2.2 o c v gim st cht lng mi trng o c v gim st cht lng mi trng l phn quan trng trong chng trnh qun l mi trng. Cc tiu ch ca phn ny gm: - Theo di, xc nh nhng hot ng gy nh hng tiu cc n mi trng do vic pht trin d n. - Gim st cc ngun thi v hiu qu ca cc hot ng bo v mi trng nhm m bo hot ng ca cng ty ph hp vi yu cu bo v mi trng theo php lut hin hnh. - Phng nga cc s c. o c v gim st cht lng mi trng chia lm 02 giai on: - Xy dng h tng c s ca d n. - Giai on d n hot ng.

Trang 32

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

a.Xy dng h tng c s ca d n Cht lng khng kh - Thng s gim st: bi, NO2, SO2, ting n. - Tn sut: 03 thng/ln -V tr: 01 im ti cng trng. - Thit b thu, bo qun v phn tch mu theo phng php tiu chun Vit Nam hin hnh. - Tiu chun so snh Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 5937 2005; ting n so snh vi TCVN 5949 1998. Nc thi - Thng s gim st: TSS, coliform. - Tn sut: 03 thng/ln -V tr: 01 im sau ca x nc thi sinh hot. - Thit b thu, bo qun v phn tch mu theo phng php tiu chun Vit Nam hin hnh. - Tiu chun so snh Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 5945 2005 ( ct B ). Ngun pht sinh Kh thi Ting n Nc thi sinh hot Ch tiu gim st NO2, SO2, Bi n Cht rn l lng, Coliform Tn sut 03 thng/ln 03 thng/ln 03 thng/ln V tr Khu vc d n Khu vc d n Ca x nc thi sinh hot Tiu chun so snh TCVN 5937 2005(tb 1 gi) TCVN 59491998(t 6-18h) TCVN 67722000(mc I)

b.Giai on d n hot ng: Cht lng khng kh - Thng s gim st: bi, NO2, SO2, H2S, clo, hydrocacbon, ting n. - Tn sut: 03 thng/ln -V tr: 01 im trong khun vin cng ty. - Thit b thu, bo qun v phn tch mu theo phng php tiu chun Vit Nam hin hnh. - Tiu chun so snh Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 5937 2005; ting n so snh vi TCVN 5949 1998.
Trang 33

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

Nc thi - Thng s gim st: TSS, coliform, pH, mu, BOD5 , COD. - Tn sut: 03 thng/ln -V tr: 01 im sau ca x nc thi sinh hot. - Thit b thu, bo qun v phn tch mu theo phng php tiu chun Vit Nam hin hnh. - Tiu chun so snh Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 5945 2005 ( ct B ). Ngun pht sinh Kh thi Ch tiu gim st NO2, SO2, Bi H2S, Hydrocacbon n pH,Cht rn l lng, tng Coliform BOD, COD, mu Tn sut 6 thng/ln 6 thng/ln 6 thng/ln 6 thng/ln V tr Trong khun vin cng ty Trong khun vin cng ty Trong khun vin cng ty Ca x nc thi sinh hot Ngun tip nhn Tiu chun so snh TCVN 593 2005(tb 1h) TCVN 59382005(tb 1h) TCVN 59491998(t 6-18h) TCVN 67722000(mc I) TCVN 59452005(ct B)

Ting n

Nc thi sinh hot Nc thi sn xut

6 thng/ln

Lu : Ring ch tiu NO2 ch gim st khi s dng du DO t l hi * Ch d n s thc hin chng trnh gim st ng theo tn sut v bo co v S Ti nguyn v Mi trng C Mau.

Trang 34

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

CHNG VII D TON KINH PH CHO CC CNG TRNH MI TRNG


7.1 Kinh ph xy dng - Hm t hoi: Ch tnh vt t xy dng hm v mng dn, c tnh chi ph khong 60 70 triu ng. - Phng php lc c hc: Gm 20 thng gi + 20 ti lc tay o, c tnh chi ph khong 30 35 triu ng. - Thng cha rc: loi ln 05 ci: 2,5 triu ng. loi nh 10 ci: 2 triu ng. 7.2 Kinh ph vn hnh Chi ph vn hnh cho phng php sa lng tnh in c tnh khong 400.000600.000. Cc cng trnh cn li chi ph vn hnh thp, c khong 400.000500.000.

Trang 35

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

CHNG VIII THAM VN KIN CNG NG


8.1 kin ca UBND, UBMTTQ x c c kin ca UBND, UBMTTQ x nh Bnh, n v t vn kt hp vi ch d n gi cng vn n UBND, UBMTTQ x nh Bnh vi ni dung sau: - M t quy m, ni dung c bn ca d n ( trch chng 1 ca Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng) - D bo cc tc ng n mi trng t d n ( trch chng 3 ca Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng) - Qua gii thiu nhng bin php x l cc nh hng tiu cc n mi trng ( trch chng 4 ca Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng) kin ca UBND, UBMTTQ nh sau: - ng tnh vi vic xy dng d n ti a phng. - Khi d n hot ng chc chn s tc ng n mi trng, v vy ch d n phi nghim tc chp hnh Lut Mi trng v cc vn bn ch o ca c quan qun l Nh nc v mi trng a phng, l S Ti nguyn v Mi trng. - X l cc tc ng tiu cc do d n gy ra t tiu chun mi trng. - V cc vn kinh t - x hi lin quan. kin UBND, UBMTTQ x nh Bnh, c vn bn km theo. 8.2 kin ca ch d n Cng ty bao b Hi Cng tn thnh kin ca UBND, UBMTTQ x nh Bnh.

Trang 36

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

CHNG IX CH DN NGUN CUNG CP S LIU, D LIU V PHNG PHP NH GI


9.1. Ngun cung cp s liu, d liu
Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho

1. Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng phng php v ng dng, 2002, L Trnh, Nxb Khoa hc K thut. 2. nhim khng kh v x l kh thi, 2002, Trn Ngc Chn, Nxb Khoa hc K thut. 3. c hc mi trng, L Huy B, 2000, Nxb Khoa hc K thut. 4. Nin gim thng k 2005, Cc thng k C Mau. 5. Bo co thng k 6 thng cui nm 2006 ca Tp C Mau, Phng thng k thnh ph C Mau. 6. nhim mi trng khng kh th v khu cng nghip, 1998, Phm Ngc ng, Nxb Khoa hc K thut. Cc s liu, d liu trch dn t cc ti liu trn mang tnh chi tit cao v hon ton p dng hiu qu cho mt bo co c th. Do y l nhng kt qu rt ra t cc nghin cu thc t; phng php s dng ph bin c cc Vin, Trung tm nghin cu v cc nh khoa hc vn dng trong nghin cu v thng k.
Ngun ti liu, d liu v d n

1. D n u t xy dng mi Cng ty C phn Bao b Hi Cng, thng 01/2007. 2. Cc vn bn lin quan n d n. y l cc c s quan trng xy dng d n cng nh thc hin Bo co TM. 9.2 Phng php nh gi - Phng php thng k v tng hp s liu: thu thp, la chn, tng hp cc s liu lin quan phc v cho TM t cc ti liu v cc nghin cu c cng b, - Phng php so snh: c s dng nh gi cht lng mi trng da trn cc Tiu chun mi trng hin hnh. - Phng php kho st o c: kho st, o c ti thc a v ly mu phn tch cc thng s mi trng tiu biu lom c s nh gi cht lng mi trng ti khu vc thc hin d n.
Trang 37

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

9.3 tin cy ca cc nh gi y l cc phng php c s dng ph bin hin nay trong lnh vc nghin cu v thng k.

Trang 38

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n u t Cng ty c phn bao b Hi Cng

KT LUN V KIN NGH


1. Kt lun D n xy dng cng ty sn xut bao b s mang li hiu qu thit thc. p ng nhu cu bao b cho cc x nghip ch bin thy sn ni ring v c s sn xut ni chung. Gp phn thc y pht trin cng nghip - tiu th cng nghip ca tnh C Mau. Cc hot ng ca d n nh bc d, san lp mt bng nh hng n cht lng khng kh xung quanh. Ngoi ra, vic xy dng bn xut nhp hng ho s nh hng n cht lng nc sng, gy xo trn bn y. Cc tc nhn nh hng tiu cc cho mi trng ng quan tm nht l trong giai on hot ng. Bi ximng, NO2, SO2, Pb. Cc tc nhn ny s nh hng nghim trng n mi trng nu khng c bin php x l thch hp. x l v gim thiu n mc thp nht cc tc ng tiu cc n mi trng ch d n thc hin cc bin php nh trnh by chng 4. Bn cnh chng trnh qun l v gim st cht lng mi trng cng c ch d n tun th nghim ngt. Ch d n cam kt thc hin cc cng vic lin quan n cng tc bo v mi trng nh nu trong ni dung bo co. 2. Kin ngh m bo pht trin d n c hiu qu kinh t - x hi v bo v mi trng, ch d n kin ngh S Ti nguyn v Mi trng v cc S, Ban ngnh lin quan h tr thc hin cng tc bo v mi trng.

Trang 39

You might also like