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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.

HCM KHOA CNG NGH HA HC

TIU LUN MN HC PHN TCH CNG NGHIP

I CNG V QU TRNH SN XUT XT CLO

PHN TCH MUI N NGUYN LIU


GVGD: Th.S Trn Nguyn An Sa SVTH: Hunh Th Bch Vn MSSV: 09082441 Lp hc phn: 210408701

Ni dung
1

i cng v qu trnh sn xut xt - clo

Phn tch mui n nguyn liu

m
Tp cht khng tan Hm lng NaCl Hm lng Ca2+, Mg2+

i cng v qu trnh sn xt - clo


1

Tng quan v xt - clo

Cc phng php sn xut xt - clo

Phng php ha hc
Phng php in ha

Ngy nay, phng php in ha c ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip.

Tng quan v xt - clo


Natri hiroxit (NaOH) c gi l xt. NaOH tinh khit l cht rn mu trng dng vin, vy, ht hoc dung dch bo ha 50%. NaOH l dung dch kim mnh trong nc v c s dng nhiu trong cc ngnh cng nghip nh giy, dt nhum, x phng v cht ty ra.

NaOH rt d hp th CO2 trong khng kh v vy n thng c


bo qun trong bnh c np kn. NaOH phn ng mnh lit vi nc v gii phng mt lng nhit ln. NaOH tan trong etanol,

metanol, ete v cc dung mi khng phn cc.


NaOH c sn xut bng cch in phn dung dch mui n c mng ngn.

Tng quan v xt - clo


Axit Clohydrit (HCl) l mt sn phm lun i km vi NaOH trong cc nh my sn xut xt clo.

Kh H2 v Cl2 sinh ra c t chy trong l c bit thnh kh


Hydroclorua sau ha tan trong nc thnh axit HCl. H2 + Cl2 HCl ( kh) HCl (kh) HCl (dung dch) Axit HCl l cht gy kch ng da, c th gy chy da nghim trng

v cc k nguy him nu bn vo mt. iu kin thng, axit HCl


d bay hi gy tn thng cho phi nu ht phi

Cc phng php sn xut xt - clo


Phng php ha hc
Sn xut NaOH
Phng php sa vi
Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 NaOH + CaCO3

Sn xut Clo
Phng php Vendol
MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + H2O + Cl2 MnCl2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + Mn(OH)2

Nhc im: Sn phm tha


CaCO3. Xt long 120 (g/l) Phng php Ferit
Na2CO3 + Fe2O3 Na2O.Fe2O3 + CO2
Na2O.Fe2O3 + H2O NaOH + Fe2O3

2Mn(OH)2 + Ca(OH)2 + O2 CaO.MnO2 + 3H2O CaO.MnO2 + 10 HCl CaCl2 + MnCl2 + H2O + Cl2 Phng php Dikon 2 CuCl2 Cl2 + Cu2Cl2 Cu2Cl2 + O 2 CuOCuCl2 CuOCuCl2 + HCl 2 CuCl2 + H2O

(Nhit 10000C)

u im: Khng c sn phm tha.


Xt c 370 (g/l)

Cc phng php sn xut xt - clo


Phng php in ha
in phn dung dch NaCl 2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2 u im: khng c sn phm tha. Hin nay, phng php ny c s dng ph bin trong cc nh my ha cht Vit Tr, Cc phng php in phn Phng php catot rn vi mng ngn hay mng chn lc ion. Phng php catot Hg.

Cc giai on sn xut xt clo theo phng php in ha


Tinh ch lm sch nc mui in phn Ch bin cc sn phm xt - clo

S cng ngh sn xut xt clo theo phng php catot rn


Hi
NaCl
Lc

Na2CO3 + H2O
Tinh ch Lc

Dd NaCl
Phn li

Dung dich NaCl

H2O H2 H2SO4 Cl2


Lm kh

HCl
Lm kh KOH
in phn
Cl2

Axit ha

un nng

NaOH NaCl
Bc hi Li tm

Lm lnh

H2SO4 long
Ha lng Tng hp HCl

NaCl
NaOH

NaCl rn

NaOH c c

S cng ngh sn xut xt clo theo phng php catot Hg


NaCl H O 2
Chun b dung dch Tch Clo v Hg

NaOH + Na2CO3
un nng Ta Ca2+, Mg2+ Lc

BaCl2
Ta SO42Lc

HCl
Axit ha

Bn Hg
Thng in phn un nng

BaSO4

H2SO4 c

Dd NaCl
Lm sch

Na(Hgn) Cl2 H2O H2


Thit b phn gii

Cl2

Sy

H2 H2SO4 long

Ra

Hg

NaOH 50%

Phn tch mui n nguyn liu


Phn tch mui n nguyn liu da trn TCVN 3973: 1984, ISO 2482: 1973, ISO 2483: 1973.

Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh cch ly mu v phng php xc nh cc ch tiu cm quan v ha hc ca mui n (NaCl) cho cng nghip. Cc ch tiu cn phn tch i vi mui n nguyn liu m

Tp cht khng tan


Hm lng NaCl Hm lng Ca2+, Mg2+

Phn tch mui n nguyn liu


S tng qut phn tch cc ch tiu ca mui n nguyn liu Mu mui Lm kh, sy Xc nh m

Lc

Ha tan

Mu mui trn
Xc nh hm lng cc cht khng tan

Dung dch 1

Cht rn

Xc nh NaCl

Xc nh Ca2+, Mg2+

m
Xc nh hm lng m trong mui n nguyn liu (TCVN 3973:1984, ISO 2483: 1973) Nguyn tc Mu mui sau khi c sy ti khi lng khng i, ht m, ngui v cn. T chnh lch v khi lng ca mu mui trc v

sau khi sy m ca mui


Quy trnh i vi chn s Chn s Lm kh 1500C, 1h

ngui

Cn

Bnh ht m

m
Quy trnh i vi mu mui ban u
Mu mui Cn (m) 10 g Chn s Lp li cho n khi khi lng gia 2 ln cn chnh nhau < 0,5% ngui Cn m2

Lm kh 1500C, 2h

Bnh ht m

Cng thc tnh ton

1 2 1 = 100
m1, m2 l khi lng chn s - mui trc v sau khi cn (g) m l khi lng mui (g)

Tp cht khng tan


Xc nh hm lng cht khng tan trong nc (TCVN 3973: 1985) Nguyn tc

Ha tan hon ton mu mui sau khi sy vo nc, lc, sy phn cn


khng tan cn li trn giy lc Xc nh hm lng cc cht khng tan

Quy trnh
i vi giy lc Giy lc Lm kh 1100C, 1h ngui Cn m1 (g)

Bnh ht m

Tp cht khng tan


Quy trnh i vi mu mui xc nh m Mu sy kh Giy lc trn (m1) Cn m (g) Ha tan Lc Nc ct

Nc ct

Ra
Cht rn v giy lc 1100C, 2h Sy Bnh ht m Lm ngui Dung dch nh mc, 500 ml Dung dch 1

Lp li, lch < 0,5%

Nc ct

Cn m2

Tp cht khng tan


Cng thc tnh ton

1 2 1 = 100
m1, m2 l khi lng chn s - mui trc v sau khi cn (g)
m l khi lng mui (g)

Hm lng NaCl
Xc nh hm lng NaCl trong mu mui phng php Mohr

Nguyn tc
y l phng php chun kt ta, dng AgNO3 l cht chun , chun trc tip dung dch mu mui c cha NaCl trong mi

trng pH = 6 -7, vi ch th K2Cr2O7. im tng ng dung


dch xut hin ta gch

Hm lng NaCl
Quy trnh 5 git K2CrO4 25 ml dung dch 1

Chun bng AgNO3, ti kt ta gch

Ghi VAgNO3, kt qu

Cng thc tnh Hm lng NaCl tnh bng phn trm 3 % = . . . 100 1000 .

Hm lng Ca2+, Mg2+


Xc nh hm lng Ca2+, tng Ca2+ v Mg2+ trong mu mui bng phng php chun phc cht (TCVN,ISO)

Nguyn tc
Hm lng Ca2+ trong mu mui c xc nh bng phng php chun phc cht, dung dch chun l EDTA v ch th l Murexit trong mi trng pH = 12. Ti im tng ng, dung dch chuyn t mu hng sang mu tm hoa c. Hm lng Ca2+ c tnh da vo th tch EDTA theo nh lut ng lng

Hm lng Ca2+, Mg2+


Quy trnh 5 ml NaOH 2N Chun bng 25 ml dung EDTA 0,02 N, dch 1 dd nho dd tm hoa c 3 git Murexit Cng thc tnh Hm lng canxi tnh bng phn trm % = . . . 100 1000 .

Ghi VEDTA, kt qu

Hm lng Ca2+, Mg2+


Nguyn tc Tng hm lng Ca2+, Mg2+ c xc nh bng phng php chun

phc cht, dung dch chun l EDTA v ch th l ETOO en,


trong mi trng pH = 10 Ti im tng ng, dung dch chuyn t mu nho sang mu

xanh chm
Hm lng Mg2+ c tnh da vo hiu th tch EDTA trong 2 qu trnh trn

Hm lng Ca2+, Mg2+


Quy trnh 10 ml H2O Chun bng 25 ml dung EDTA 0,02 N, dch 1, pH = 10 dd nho dd xanh chm 3 git ETOO Cng thc tnh Hm lng Mg tnh bng phn trm % = [ 2

Ghi VEDTA, kt qu

1 1000 .

. . . 100

Cc lu khi tin hnh phn tch

Dng c phi sch v kh. Thao tc: cn, ht, chun phi ng k thut. Ha cht dng lm cht chun gc nh AgNO3 v EDTA phi m bo tinh khit. Dung dch AgNO3 d b phn hy nn cha trong bnh mu nu sm trnh nng, tt nht l dng ngay sau khi pha.

Ti liu tham kho


1. Phng Tin t Trn Th Bnh, Ha k thut i cng, Nh xut bn i hc S phm, 2004, trang 144 164.

2. TCVN 3973: 1985 Mui n.


3. ISO 2482: 1973 Sodium chloride for in dustrial use

determination of calcium and magnesium contents EDTA complexometric methods. 4. ISO 2483: 1973 Sodium chloride for industrial use determination

of loss of mass at 1100C


5. http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natri_hi%C4%91roxit

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