TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.

H CH MINH KHOA CNG NGH HA HC

Tiu lun mn: Phn tch cng nghip

ti:i cng v cc loi phn bn

v c. Xc nh m. Tp cht khng tan v SiO2 trong phn bn v c.
GVGD: Th.S Trn Nguyn An Sa SVTH : H Long Thin MSSV : 09164711

Ni dung
1. i cng v phn bn v c 2. Xc nh m 3. Tp cht khng tan v Silic trong phn bn v c

1. i cng v cc loi phn bn v c

Phn Phn Phn Phn m ln kali tng hp v phn hn hp

Phn m
m l cht dinh dng rt cn thit v rt quan trng i vi cy. m l nguyn t tham gia vo thnh phn chnh ca clorophin, prtit, cc axit amin, cc enzym v nhiu loi vitamin trong cy. Bn m thc y qu trnh tng trng ca cy, lm cho cy ra nhiu nhnh, phn cnh, ra l

nhiu; l cy c kch thc to, mu xanh; l quang

hp mnh, do lm tng nng sut cy.

Phn m
Phn m cn cho cy trong sut qu trnh sinh trng, c bit l giai on cy sinh trng mnh. Trong s cc nhm cy trng m rt cn cho cc loi cy n l nh rau ci, ci bp, v.v.

Cc loi phn m thng dng:

Phn ur Phn amn nitrat Phn sunphat m Phn m clorua Phn phtphat m (cn gi l pht pht amn)

Phn Ur

Phn ur
Phn ur (CO(NH2)2) c 4448% nit nguyn cht. Phn ur c kh nng thch nghi rng v c kh nng pht huy tc dng trn nhiu loi t khc nhau v i vi cc loi cy trng khc nhau. Phn ny bn thch hp trn t chua phn.

Trong qu trnh sn xut, ur thng lin kt cc phn t vi

nhau to thnh biuret. l cht c hi biuret i vi cy trng.

Phn amn nitrat

Phn amn nitrat (NH4NO3) c cha 3335% nit nguyn cht. Phn ny di dng tinh th mui kt tinh c mu vng xm. Amn nitrat d chy nc, d tan trong nc, d vn cc, kh bo qun v kh s dng. L loi phn sinh l chua.

Phn sunphat m
Cn gi l phn SA, sunphat m ((NH4)2SO4 c cha 2021% nit nguyn cht. Trong phn ny cn c 24-25% lu hunh (S). Phn ny d tan trong nc, khng vn cc. Thng trng

thi ti ri, d bo qun, d s dng.

C th em bn cho tt c cc loi cy trng, trn nhiu loi t khc nhau, min l t khng b phn, b chua. Nu t chua cn bn thm vi, ln mi dng c m sunphat amn. Phn ny dng tt cho cy trng trn t i, trn cc loi t bc mu (thiu S).

Phn m clorua
Phn ny (NH4Cl) c cha 2425% nit nguyn cht. m clorua c dng tinh th mn, mu trng hoc vng ng. Phn ny d tan trong nc, t ht m, khng b vn cc, thng ti ri nn d s dng. L loi phn sinh l chua.

cc vng kh hn, cc chn t nhim mn khng nn bn

phn m clorua, v nhng ni ny trong t c th tch lu nhiu clo, d lm cho cy b ng c.

Phn phtphat m
L loi phn va c m, va c ln. Trong phn c t l m l 10-18%, t l ln l 44-50%. Phtphat m c dng vin, mu xm tro hoc trng,ni chung mu sc ty thuc vo nh sn xut v khng nh hng ti cht lng.

Phn rt d tan trong nc v pht huy hiu qu nhanh. Phn c dng bn lt, bn thc u tt.

Phn ln
Ln c vai tr quan trng trong i sng ca cy trng. Ln c trong thnh phn ca ht nhn t bo, rt cn cho vic hnh thnh cc b phn mi ca cy. Ln tham gia vo thnh phn cc enzim, cc prtin, tham gia vo qu trnh tng hp cc axit amin. Ln lm tng c tnh chng chu ca cy i vi cc yu t khng thun li: chng rt, chng hn, chu chua ca t, chng mt s loi su bnh hi v.v

Phn ln
Mt s loi phn ln thng gp:
Phtphat ni a Phn apatit Supe ln Tecm phtphat (phn ln nung chy, ln Vn in) Phn ln kt ta

Phtphat ni a
l loi bt mn mang, mu nu thm hoc i khi c mu nu nht. T l ln nguyn cht trong phn thay i rt nhiu, t 15% n 25%. phn ln cc hp cht ln nm dng kh tiu i vi cy trng. Phn c t l vi cao, cho nn c kh nng kh

chua.
Bo qun tng i d dng.

Phn apatit
L loi bt mn, mu nu t hoc mu xm nu. T l ln nguyn cht trong phn thay i nhiu. Thng loi apatit giu c s dng ch bin thnh cc loi phn ln khc, cn loi trung bnh v loi ngho mi c em nghin thnh bt bn cho cy. Cy kh s dng Gm 3 loi: loi apatit giu c trn 38% ln. loi phn apatit trung bnh c 17 38% ln. loi phn apatit ngho c di 17% ln.

Supe ln
L loi bt mn mu trng, vng xm hoc mu xm thic. Trong supe ln c 16 20% ln nguyn cht.

Supe ln c th dng bn lt hoc bn thc u

c. Supe ln t ht m, nhng nu ct gi khng cn

thn phn c th b nho v vn thnh tng cc.

Tecm phtphat
Phn c dng bt mu xanh nht, gn nh mu tro, c ng nh. T l ln nguyn cht trong tecm phtphat l 15 20%. Ngoi ra trong phn cn c canxi 30% mt t thnh phn kim, ch yu l magi 12 13%, c khi c c kali. Phn s dng c hiu qu trn cc vng t ct ngho, t bc mu v phn cha nhiu vi, c cc nguyn t vi lng v mt t kali.

Phn ln kt ta
Phn c dng bt trng, nh, xp trong ging nh vi bt. Phn c t l ln nguyn cht tng i cao, n

27 31%.
Phn ny c s dng tng t nh tecm phtphat. Phn t ht m cho nn bo qun d

dng.

Phn kali
Nhm phn bn cung cp cht dinh dng kali cho cy. Kali c vai tr ch yu trong vic chuyn ho nng lng trong qu trnh ng ho cc cht dinh dng ca cy. Kali lm tng kh nng chng chu ca cy i vi cc tc ng khng li t bn ngoi v chng chu i vi mt s loi bnh. Kali lm tng hm lng ng trong qu lm cho mu sc qu p ti, lm cho hng v qu thm v lm tng kh nng bo qun ca qu.

Phn kali
Phn clorua kali
Phn sunphat kali

Mt s loi phn kali khc

Phn clorua kali

Phn c dng bt mu hng nh mui t. Phn c kt tinh thnh ht nh. Hm lng kali nguyn cht trong phn l 50 60%.

Phn ny khi kh c ri tt, d bn. Nhng

nu m phn kt dnh li vi nhau kh s dng. Phn ny cng khng nn dng bn cho mt s loi

cy hng liu, ch, c ph, v phn nh hng n

phm cht nng sn.

Phn sunphat kali

Phn c dng tinh th nh, mn, mu trng. Phn d tan trong nc, t ht m nn t vn cc. Hm lng kali nguyn cht trong sunphat kali l 45 50%. Ngoi ra trong phn cn cha lu hunh 18%. Phn ny c th s dng thch hp cho nhiu loi cy trng. S dng lu trn mt chn t c th lm tng chua ca t.

Mt s loi phn kali khc

Phn kali magi sunphat c dng bt mn mu xm. Phn c hm lng K2O: 20 30%; MgO: 5 7%; S: 16 22%. Phn Agripac ca Canada c hm lng K2O l 61%. Mui kali 40% c dng mui trng kt tinh c ln

mt t vy mu hng nht. Ngoi hm lng kali

chim 40% trong khi lng phn.

Phn tng hp v phn hn hp

Phn tng hp l loi phn c sn xut thng qua cc phn ng ha hc to thnh mt th phn bn gm nhiu nguyn t dinh dng. Phn hn hp l loi phn to c do qu trnh trn ln 2 hoc nhiu loi phn n vi nhau mt cch c gii u n.

Phn NP
Phn NK Phn NPK

2.Xc nh m
Phm vi ng dng
Nguyn tc

Thit bi dng c
Cch xc nh

Cch tnh

Phm vi ng dng
Theo 10 TCN 302-97
Tiu chun ny quy nh phng

php xc nh m cho tt c cc
loi phn th rn.

Nguyn tc
Quy nh phng php xc nh m cho cc loi phn bn da trn nguyn l lm kh mu trong t sy 500C, c ht chn khng. Khi lng mu mt khi sy kh tuyt i l lng nc c trong mu PP ny loi tr c cc sai s do cc phn ng xy

ra vi phn bn khi nhit cao, c chn l PP

trng ti.

Thit b v dng c
T sy chn khng, c th iu chnh nhit chnh xc 50 1.50C v iu chnh p sut. Thp lm kh khng kh cha magie clorat.

Chn ly mu s hoc thy tinh c ng knh 35cm, c np. Bnh ht m.

Cn phn tch c chnh xc ti thiu 0.0002g.

Cch xc nh
Cn 2 3 g mu

Sy nhit 50 1.50 C
M np chn

Ht chn khng v cp khng kh kh, P=48-53mmHg

Khi lng khng i

Cn chn c mu

ngui mu trong 1 gi

Sy khong 2-3 gi

a vo bnh ht m

Cch tnh

Kt qu phn tch l gi tr trung bnh s hc cc kt

qu ca 2 ln phn tch lp li song song

3.SiO2 trong phn bn v c

L mt khong chim khong 28% b mt v tri t. Silic l nguyn t khong quan trng nht trong

s nhng nguyn t khng thit yu.

khi cy c bn y silc s tng tnh khng su c thn, khng bnh do nm v cc yu t mi trng bt li khc nh nhim mn, hn, ng, ng c kim loi.

Xc nh hm lng SiO2 v tp cht khng tan

Nguyn tc Ha cht Quy trnh Tnh ton

Nguyn tc
Ha tan mu phn bn v c trong HCl c c thm NH4Cl ph keo, lc nung v cn axit silic v cn khng tan.

Ha cht
Acid HCl dung dch d= 1,19 NH4Cl tinh th Nc ra: acid HCl dung dch 5% Acid HF 40% Acid H2SO4 dung dch d= 1,84 KHSO4 tinh th

Quy trnh
Cn 1g mu
0.5gNH4Cl 5ml HCl

Cn

Ha tan mu
un cch thy 30 50ml nc si

Ht m
Nung li 15

Lc cht khng tan

3 ln

t giy lc
Nung 1000~1100o C

Ra

Sy kh

Tnh ton
Cng thc tnh:

G: khi lng kt ta v chn (gam) G: khi lng chn khng (gam) g :khi lngj mu (gam)

W: m ca phn bn %

Ti liu tham kho

1. Nguyn Tinh Dung, Ha hc phn tch - tp 3, NXB GD 2. Koos Bornman and Allan Blake, Greenhouse inorganic fertilizer quality and traceability, 2007 3. www.ksnongnghiep.com 4. http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phn_v_c 5. http://www.nongphatco.com/phan-bon.html 6. 10 TCN 302-97