TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THNH PH H CH MINH

KHOA CNG NGH HA HC

***

TIU LUN MN PHN TCH CNG NGHIP

XC NH K, Na TRONG PHN BN V C

GVGD: Th.S Trn Nguyn An Sa

SVTH:
MSSV: Lp:

Nguyn Th Kiu Duyn

09161161 HPT5

NI DUNG

TNG QUAN V PHN V C

CC PHNG PHP XC NH

TNG QUT

TI LIU THAM KHO

TNG QUAN V PHN V C

1.1. GiI THIU CHUNG Phn v c cn gi l phn khong, phn ha hc l cc mui khong c cha cc cht dinh dng cho cy. C 13 cht dinh dng khong thit yu i vi s sinh trng v pht trin ca cy. Trong 3 nguyn t a lng l N, P, K; 3 nguyn t trung lng l: Ca, Mg, S v 7 nguyn t vi lng l Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, B, Cl. Ngoi ra cn c mt s nguyn t cn thit cho tng loi cy nh Na , Si, Co, Al Phn v c gm 3 loi chnh: Phn v c a lng: phn ln , phn Kali, phn tng hp v phn hm hp Phn v c trung lng Phn v c vi lng

TNG QUAN V PHN V C

1.2 PHN KALI L nhm phn cung cp dinh dng kali cho cy Kali c vai tr ch yu trong vic chuyn ho nng lng trong qu trnh ng ho cc cht dinh dng ca cy. Kali lm tng kh nng chng chu ca cy i vi cc tc ng khng li t bn ngoi v chng chu i vi mt s loi bnh. Kali to cho cy cng chc, t ng, tng kh nng chu ng, chu hn, chu rt. Kali lm tng phm cht nng sn v gp phn lm tng nng sut ca cy. Kali lm tng hm lng ng trong qu lm cho mu sc qu p ti, lm cho hng v qu thm v lm tng kh nng bo qun ca qu. Kali lm tng cht bt trong c khoai, lm tng hm lng ng trong ma.

PHN KALI
Trn phng din khi lng, cy trng cn nhiu K hn N. Nhng v trong t c tng i nhiu K hn N v P, cho nn ngi ta t ch n vic bn K cho cy. Trong cy K c d tr nhiu thn l, rm r, cho nn sau khi thu hoch kali c tr li cho t mt lng ln. Kali c nhiu trong nc ngm, nc ti, trong t ph sa c bi hng nm. V vy, vic bn phn kali cho cy khng c ch n nhiu. Hin nay, trong sn xut nng nghip cng ngy ngi ta cng s dng nhiu ging cy trng c nng sut cao. Nhng ging cy trng ny thng ht nhiu K t t, do lng K trong t khng p ng nhu cu ca cy, v vy mun c nng sut cao v cht lng nng sn tt, th phi ch bn phn kali cho cy.

PHN KALI
C th sp xp phn bn cha Kali thnh hai nhm: Nhm 1: bao gm cc loi phn khong cha Kali d ha tan nh

phn khong n, khong phc hp, khong hn hp (phn lali

Clorua, lali sunphat, MOP, phn khong hn hp NPK,PK). Nhm 2: bao gm cc loi phn c thm cc cht hu c nh phn

hu c, hu c vi sinh, hu c sinh hc, phn hu c khong, than

bn

PHN KALI
Ty tng loi phn m hm lng Kali v Natri khc nhau: Phn kali: Phn clorua kali:

Hm lng kali nguyn cht trong phn l 50 60%. Ngoi ra

trong phn cn c mt t mui n (NaCl).

Phn sunphat kali:

Hm lng kali nguyn cht trong sunphat kali l 45 50%. Ngoi

ra trong phn cn cha lu hunh 18%.

Mt s loi phn kali khc: Phn kali magi sunphat c dng bt mn mu xm. Phn c hm lng K2O: 20 30%; MgO: 5 7%; S: 16 22%.. Phn Agripac ca Canada c hm lng K2O l 61%.

Hm lng Kali v Natri trong phn v c

Cc loi phn hn hp thng dung: Loi hai yu t N v P vi t l N:P:K l 18:46:0 v 20:20:0. Loi ba yu t N:P:K vi t l 20:20:10 v 15:15:15. Loi bn yu t vi N:P:K:Mg t l 14:9:21:2 v 12:12:17:2. Ngoi ra cn c: Phn NK dang phn 2 yu t cha 13% N v 45% K2O Phn PK t l 0:1:3 v 0:1:2 Phn NPK Phn Amsuka c t l N:P:K l 1:0.4:0.8 Phn nitro phoska t l N:P:K l 1:0.4:1.3 v t l N:P:K l 1:0.3:0.9

Hm lng Kali v Natri trong phn v c

Hm lng Natri trong phn v c: Natri l mt trong nhng nguyn t cn thit cho tng loi cy.

L nguyn t i km trong phn c tm quan trng nht nh v mt nng

hc trn tng loi t, gi tr dinh dng ca Natri c xem xt ty thuc vo loi phn m n i km.

Natri c c trong c mui kp dng bn cho cy trng.

Nu bn qu tha phn kali trong nhiu nm, c th lm cho mt cn i vi natri, magi. Khi xy ra trng hp ny cn bn b sung cc nguyn t vi lng magi, natri.

NI DUNG

XC NH KALI TNG S BNG PHNG PHP QUANG K NGN LA

XC NH HM LNG KALI BNG PHNG PHP KHI LNG

XC NH HM LNG NATRI BNG PHNG PHP PHT X NGN LA

PHNG PHP XC NH KALI TNG S BNG

PHNG PHP QUANG K NGN LA

PHM VI P DNG NGUYN TC

QUY TRNH PHN TCH CNG THC TNH CC LU TRONG QU TRNH

1.1 PHM VI P DNG

P DNG TIU CHUN 10TCN 308-2004 Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc loi phn bn c cha Kali bao gm phn Kali khong (khong n, khong hn hp, khong phc hp) v phn c cha cht hu c (phn hu c, hu c vi sinh, hu c sinh hc , hu c khng, than bn)

Tiu chun ny ch xc nh phn Kali c kh nng cung cp cho cy

trng (Immediately available, morderately available), khng xc nh phn Kali khng c kh nng cung cp cho cy trng

1.2 NGUYN TC

Chuyn ha Kali trong mu phn v c thnh kali ha tan, xc nh kali trong dung dch mu bng quang k ngn la (Flamphotometer).

Hm lng Kali trong phn v c l hm lng cc cht c xc nh bng phng php quy nh v c biu th bng phn trm khi lng

S dng dung dch HCl 0.05 N ha tan (phn hy) Kali trong mu thuc nhm 1 bao gm cc loi phn Kali khong d ha tan (Kali clorua, Kali sunfat, MOP, phn khong hn hp NPK, PK)

1.3 QUI TRNH PHN TCH

My mc thit b

My quang k ngn la o Kali (Flamphotometer)

T sy 200o C 1o C
Bnh phn hy mu dung tch 250 ml v bp phn hy tng thch, iu khin c nhit Cn phn tch chnh xc 0.0002g Ry 2mm Bnh nh mc dung tch 50 m, 100ml, 1000ml Phu lc ng knh 8mm, giy lc v cc dng c khc trong phng th nghim

1.3 QUI TRNH PHN TCH

Thuc th Acid sunruric d=1.84 (H2SO4) Acid Clohyric d= 1.18 (HCl) Acid nitric d=1.4 (HNO3) Dung dch hcl 0.05 N (pha t dung dch HCl 1 N) Acid peclohydric (HClO4) Hn hp cng thy HNO3 + HCl 1:3 (V/V) Dung dch tiu chun Kali 1000mgk/l (1000 ppmk) Cn 1.9067g Kaliclorua TKHH (KCl) sy kh 105oC ngui trong

bnh ht m vo cc, thm 100 ml dung dch acid hcl 0.1N, khuy tan
chuyn vo bnh nh mc 1 lt thm nc n vch nh mc, lc u, dung dich ny c nng 1000mg/l (1000ppm) bo qun kn 20oC

PHN HY MU S DNG HCL

Cn 2g 0.001g mu 100ml HCl 0.05 N

Ha tan
Thm HCl 0.05 N Dung dch nh mc n 200ml Lc u lng Lc

em i o bng my Tnh ton quang k ngn la

Dung dch A

1.3 QUI TRNH PHN TCH

1. Lp thang chun v th ng chun Kali - Pha long dung dch tiu chun Kali 1000ppmk thnh dung dch Kali 100ppmk - S dng 7 bnh nh mc dung tch 100ml - Cho vo mi bnh th t s ml dung dch Kali 100ppmk theo bng
Dy tiu chun Kali (T 0ppmk n 80ppmk) 00.0 05.0 10.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 S ml dung dch tiu chun 100ppmk Cho vo mi bnh inh mc 100ml 00.0 05.0 10.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0

1.3 QUI TRNH PHN TCH

Thm dung dch HCl 1% n vch nh mc 100ml o thang chun trn my quang k ngn la vi knh lc Kali, hiu chnh sao cho ng chun c dng hm bc mt (Y= a.X), hoc hm bc hai (Y=aX2 +bX vi X2 ln hn 0.95), lp th ng chun (hoc phng trnh tng ng) biu din tng quan gia s o trn my v nng dung dch tiu chun Kali.

1.3 QUI TRNH PHN TCH

O DUNG DCH MU

Tin hnh o dung dch mu ng nht vi iu kin o dung dch tiu chun.o khong 10 mu phi kim tra li thang mu, nu sai lch phi hiu chnh my, lp li ng chun v o li mu.

Cc mu c nng Kali trong dung dch A ln hn 80ppmk phi pha long thnh dung dch B c nng trong khong t 40 ppm n 60 ppmk. Cch pha long theo bng
H s pha long 10 ln 5 ln 2 ln Lng ht dung dch cn pha long 10 ml 10 ml 10 ml Ln nh mc 100 ml 50 ml 20 ml Ghi ch Lng ht dung dch cn pha long khng nn nh hn 5 ml

100 ln

Pha long 10 ln, tip theo pha long 10 ln na

1.4 TNH TON KT QU

Cng thc % khi lng trong mu quy v K2O (k hiu %K2O)

Trong : a. Nng Kali trong dung dch A(mg/lt) V - Ton b th tch dung dch A (ml) M - Khi lng mu phn hy gam (gam) 1,205 - H s quy i t K sang K2O

2.4 TNH TON KT QU

Cng thc tnh % khi lng kali trong mu (k hiu %K)

Trong : a.- Nng K trong dung dch A mg/lt V- Ton b th tch dung dch A (ml) M- Khi lng mu phn hy (gam)

1.5 CC LU TRONG QU TRNH PHN TCH

2. XC NH HM LNG KALI BNG PHNG PHP KHI LNG

PHM VI P DNG

NGUYN TC

QUY TRNH PHN TCH

CNG THC TNH

CC LU TRONG QU TRNH

2.1 PHM VI P DNG V NGUYN TC

p dng TCVN 5815-1994 p dng cho cc loi phn bn c cha Kali bao gm phn Kali khong (khong n, khong hn hp, khong phc hp) v phn c cha cht hu c (phn hu c, hu c vi sinh, hu c sinh hc , hu c khng, than bn). Tiu chun ny ch xc nh phn Kali c kh nng cung cp cho cy trng (Immediately available, morderately available), khng xc nh phn Kali khng c kh nng cung cp cho cy trng

2.2 NGUYN TC

Phng php da trn vic kt ta kali bng natri Tetraphenylborat

trong mi trng kim sau khi loi tr cc nguyn t nh hng bng foocmalin v trilon B.

2.3 QUY TRNH PHN TCH

Thuc th v dung dch: Cc lc xp Natri hidroxit 0.2 N v 1N Foocmalin (andehit foocmic) k thut Dung dch phenolphtalein 1% trong ru etylic Trilon B (mui inatri etyleniamin tetraxctat), dung dch 2N. Natri tetraphenyl borat 3.5% Nc ra: dung dch natri tetraphenyl borat 0.05%

Cn 5g 0.001g mu

TIN HNHTH
+ H2O

Ha tan Thm H2O nh mc 500ml Ly 10 ml cho vo cc 150 ml 10ml dd Trilon B 20ml foocmalin 40% 2- 3 git phenolphtalien Dung dch A

Dung dich mu hng Khuy Tnh ton Cn Kt ta B Lng, lc Sy

20 ml dd natri tetraphenyl borat

Kt ta mu trng

2.4. TNH TON KT QU

Hm lng Kali trong mu quy v K2O (k hiu %K2O), c tnh bng phn trm theo cng thc:

Trong : m- khi lng Kali tetraphenyl borat kt ta (gam) M- Khi lng mu cn (gam) 0.1314- H s quy i t Kali tetraphenyl borat ra K2O

Kt qu php th l trung bnh s hc cc kt qu hai ln th tin hnh

song song, sai s cho php gia chng khng vt qua 5% gi tr tng i.

2.5 CC LU TRONG QU TRNH

Ha cht: ha cht s dng pha cc cht chun t loi tinh khit ha hc (TKHH), ha cht s dng phn tch t loi tinh khit phn tch

(TKPT).
Nc dng phn tch phi ph hp vi TCVN Khi cn mu phi cn chnh xc bng cn phn tch.

Tin hnh nh mc phi lc k, trnh xy ra s chnh lch nng dn

n kt qu khng chnh xc. Khi tin hnh thi nghim cn hn ch cho mu tip xc vi mi trng lm gim ti a s ht m ca mi trng . Bo qun mu trnh s thay i v thnh phn, trnh b nhim bn.

3. XC NH HM LNG NATRI BNG PHNG PHP PHT X NGN LA

PHM VI P DNG

NGUYN TC

QUY TRNH PHN TCH

CNG THC TNH

CC LU TRONG QU TRNH

3. XC NH HM LNG NATRI BNG PHNG PHP PHT X NGN LA

3.1 PHM VI P DNG p dng cho cc loi phn bn c cha natri bao gm phn khong

nh khong n, khong hn hp, khong phc hp.

Tiu chun ny ch xc nh phn Natri c kh nng cung cp cho cy trng (Immediately available, morderately available), khng xc nh phn Natri khng c kh nng cung cp cho cy trng 3.2 NGUYN TC Phng php da trn vic o cng pht quang ca Natri bng my quang ph k ngn la.

3.3 QUI TRNH PHN TCH

Thit b, thuc th v dung dch My o quang ph pht x ngn la c u t, dng hn hp axetylen

vi khng kh hoc hn hp propan vi khng kh, v c b lc vi

truyn quang cc i 589 nm hoc b lc c gn mt b tch n sc Natri clorua, TKHH Dung dch Acid clohidric 2N Dung dch chun Ha tan trong nc 1.0168 gam natri clorua (NaCl) sy kh ti khi lng khng i t 110oC dn 120oC, pha long ti 1000 ml v lc u. 1ml dung dch chun ny cha 0,4 mg Na.

Cn 0.5g 0.001g mu

PHN HY MU S DNG HCl 2N

+ 200ml H2O

Ha tan

Thm H2O
nh mc 250ml Lc k Lc Dung dch A

Ht 10ml dd A + 5 ml dd HCl 2N

Thm H2O
o quang

Lc u

Tnh ton

nh mc 100 ml

3.4 TNH TON KT QU

Dng th chun o cng pht quang ca cc dung dch tiu chun trn my quang k ngn la. Dng th tng quan gia nng cc dung dch tiu chun vi gi tr cng pht quang o c trn my, gi tr mi im l gi tr trung bnh ca hai ln o.

3.4 TNH TON KT QU

Hm lng natri c chuyn i ra t NaO c tnh bng phn trm theo cng thc: Trong : C1 v C2 l hm lng Natri tm dc theo th chun ca hai ln o, tnh bng mg M l khi lng mu cn, tnh bng mg 1.696 l h s chuyn i t Na+ sang NaO Kt qu ca php th l gi tr trung bnh cc kt qu hai ln th tin hnh song song, sai lch gia cc kt qu khng c php vt qu 5% gi tr tng i.

3.5 CC LU TRONG QU TRNH

Tt c cc dng c thu tinh phi c ra k v trng li bng nc ct m bo trong iu kin th nghim cc dng c thy tinh khng cha Natri

Khi cn mu phi cn chnh xc bng cn phn tch Tin hnh nh mc phi lc k, trnh xy ra s chnh lch nng dn n kt qu khng chnh xc Cn tin hnh o nhiu ln tnh nng Natri trung bnh My o quang ph pht x ngn la c u dt, dng hn hp axetylen

vi khng kh hoc hn hp propan vi khng kh, v c b lc vi

truyn quang cc i 589 nm hoc b lc c gn mt b tch n sc.

TNG QUT

Hiu c th no l phn v c, phn kali, v mt s loi phn cha Kali, Natri

Vai tr ca kali v natri i vi cy trng.

Gii thch c ti sao kali v natri li c trong phn bn.

Gii thiu v mt s qui trnh xc nh hm lng kali, natri trong phn bn v c cng nh cc lu trong qu trnh phn tch

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. 10 TCN 308-2004 2. TCVN 5815-1994 3. TCN 308- 97 4. TCVN 4854- 89

5. 10 TCN 301-97
6. Gio trnh phn tch cng nghip Nh xut bn i hc Cng Nghip T.P H Ch Minh, 2009