Professional Documents
Culture Documents
12/08/2011
Ni dung chng 1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 iu khin qu trnh l g? Mc ch iu khin Cu trc h thng KQT M t chc nng h thng Cc nhim v pht trin h thng
Chng 1: M u
2005-2011, HMS
iu khin qu trnh
22/08/2011
IU KHIN QU TRNH
QU TRNH
Qu trnh cng ngh quan tm ti cc qu trnh vt cht v nng lng. Trong ni dung mn hc, khi nim qu trnh c hiu l qu trnh cng ngh
Chng 1: M u 2005-2011, HMS
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iu khin qu trnh
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QU TRNH
Bin cn iu khin
Chng 1: M u
2005-2011, HMS
Bin qu trnh
Bin cn iu khin (controlled variable): Bin ra, i lng h trng ti s vn hnh an ton, n nh hoc cht lng sn phm, cn c duy tr ti mt gi tr t, hoc bm theo mt tn hiu ch o Bin iu khin (control variable, manipulated variable): Bin vo can thip c theo mun tc ng ti i lng cn iu khin Nhiu: Bin vo khng can thip c:
Nhiu qu trnh (disturbance, process disturbance) nhiu u vo (input disturbance): bin thin cc thng s u vo (lu lng, nhit hoc thnh phn nguyn liu, nhin liu) nhiu ti (load disturbance): thay i ti theo yu cu s dng (lu lng dng chy, p sut hi nc, ...) nhiu ngoi sinh (exogenous disturbance): nhit , p sut bn ngoi, ... Nhiu o, nhiu tp (noise, measurement noise)
Chng 1: M u
2005-2011, HMS
iu khin qu trnh
22/08/2011
Bin vo
Nhiu Fo
Bin ra
h Fo
Bin iu khin Fi
Bin cn iu khin h
a) S cng ngh
Chng 1: M u
2005-2011, HMS
TC1 , wC
TC 2
TH 2
Bin iu khin wH
TC1
Nhiu wC TH1
Chng 1: M u
2005-2011, HMS
iu khin qu trnh
22/08/2011
Nh my in:
Cng ngh l hi Cng ngh turbin
Nh my lc du, ha du:
Cng ngh chng ct, tinh luyn Cng ngh l phn ng lin tc, theo m
Vn :
Hng nghn im o, hng trm i lng cn iu khin Cc qu trnh tng tc qua li i hi an ton, tin cy rt cao
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V d: L hi
Chng 1: M u
2005-2011, HMS
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iu khin qu trnh
22/08/2011
Bnh cha hi lu Nc lnh Bnh cp thnh phn B THP CHNG CT Bnh phn ng Hi lu Sn phm nh
Gia nhit
Nc lnh
Sn phm y
Gia nhit ha hi
Bung lm lnh
Hi nc
Chng 1: M u
2005-2011, HMS
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Nhim v t ra
Can thip mt cch hiu qu cc i lng u vo ca qu trnh k thut cc i lng u ra ca n tha mn cc ch tiu cho trc trong khi c tc ng ca nhiu v thng tin khng chnh xc v i tng Gim thiu nh hng xu ca qu trnh k thut i vi con ngi v mi trng xung quanh Vai tr ca iu khin qu trnh!
Chng 1: M u
2005-2011, HMS
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iu khin qu trnh
22/08/2011
L thuyt iu khin t ng
d r e B iu khin u i tng y
Phng php phn tch i tng Phng php thit k b iu khin Phng php phn tch, nh gi cht lng h thng iu khin
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iu khin qu trnh
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2005-2011, HMS
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iu khin qu trnh
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Mc tiu ca mn hc
Tran b cho sinh vin kh nng:
Tm hiu, phn tch yu cu iu khin ca cc qu trnh cng ngh b i ton i khi cho tng yu cu c th t bi iu khin h h Thit k sch lc iu khin ph hp vi yu cu v vi m hnh qu trnh Chn la gii php thit b o, thit b chp hnh v thit b iu khin ph hp cho bi ton iu khin
Chng 1: M u
2005-2011, HMS
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Phng php nh gi kt qu
Th nghim (2 phn): iu kin d thi cui k
Kho st i tng bnh mc (i tng m phng) v xy dng m hnh thc nghim Thit k sch lc v thut ton iu khin
im nh gi
Kim tra gia k: Thi cui k (vn p): 30% 70%
Chng 1: M u
2005-2011, HMS
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iu khin qu trnh
22/08/2011
Ti liu hc tp
GIO TRNH
[1] Hong Minh Sn: C s h thng iu khin qu trnh. NXB Bch khoa H Ni, 2006-2010.
1.2 Mc ch iu khin
1. m bo h thng vn hnh n nh, trn tru: m bo cc iu kin vn hnh bnh thng, ko di tui th my mc, vn hnh thun tin 2. m bo nng sut v cht lng sn phm: thay i tc sn xut theo mun, gi cc thng s cht lng sn phm bin ng trong gii hn qui nh 3. m bo vn hnh an ton: nhm mc ch bo v con ngi, my mc, thit b v mi trng 4. Bo v mi trng: Gim nng cc cht c hi trong , , gim bi, gim s dng nguyn liu v ,g g g y kh thi, nc thi, g nhin liu 5. Nng cao hiu qu kinh t, tng li nhun: gim chi ph nhn cng, nguyn liu v nhin liu, thch ng nhanh vi yu cu thay i ca th trng
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iu khin qu trnh
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cu t A
c F
n nh h thng
Cc i lng cn n nh trong v d:
Mc trong bnh trn Nng ca A trong sn phm
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2005-2011, HMS
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An ton h thng
Li thit b, ng truyn -> sch lc iu chnh thng thng khng p ng c.
Trong v d, c th cn t cm bin (logic) bo trn hoc cn d bnh, qu tc, qu dng ng c khuy -> iu khin ri rc ng c v cc van an ton
Chng 1: M u
2005-2011, HMS
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iu khin qu trnh
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Bo v mi trng
Cc dy chuyn cng ngh ngy nay c thit k vi nhiu yu cu gim nhim mi trng:
Gim nhin liu tiu th Gim s dng nc sch
Cc thit k "recycling" to tnh phi tuyn cao v tng tc ln trong h thng => vai tr ca cc phng php iu khin hin i Yu cu cao hn trong cc tiu chun quc gia v quc t v x l nc thi v kh thi
Chng 1: M u
2005-2011, HMS
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Hiu qu kinh t
Cc yu cu c th:
Cht lng n nh (nng A trong sn phm) Nng sut thch ng vi yu cu th trng (lin quan ti lu lng sn phm ra) Tiu hao nng lng thp (cho ng c khuy v cho cc van iu khin) Tc ng iu khin m , trn tru (tc ng c cng nh m van t khi phi thay i hoc thay i chm)
iu khin qu trnh
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22/08/2011
im lm vic im kinh t
Chng 1: M u
2005-2011, HMS
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Tham s
Trng thi
u vo
THIT B IU KHIN
u ra
2005-2011, HMS
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Thit b o
Set Point (SP), Set Value (SV) Control Signal, Controller Output (CO) Control Variable, Manipulated Variable (MV) Controlled Variable (CV), Process Value (PV) Measured Variable
2005-2011, HMS
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Thit b o qu trnh
Thit b o/B chuyn i i lng cn o (Nhit , p sut, sut mc, lu lng,..) Cm bin Chuyn i o Tn hiu chun (4-20mA, 0-10V,...) (4 20 A 0 10V )
Measurement device: Thit b o, vd o nhit , p sut, nng Transducer: B chuyn i theo ngha rng, v d p sut-dch chuyn, dch chuyn-in p Sensor: Cm bin, cng l mt dng chuyn i, vd cp nhit, ng venturi, siu m,.. Sensor element: Cm bin, phn t cm bin Signal conditioning: iu ha tn hiu Transmitter: Chuyn i tn hiu + truyn pht tn hiu chun
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iu khin qu trnh
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Thit b iu khin
Thit b iu khin Tn hiu o Tnh ton iu khin i khi Tn hiu iu khi i khin
Gi tr t/ Tn hiu ch o
Control equipment: Thit b iu khin, vd PLC, IPC, Digital Controller, DCS Controller,... Controller Controller Controller: B iu khin, c th hiu l
C thit b iu khin, hoc Ch ring khi tnh ton iu khin, vd PI, PID, FLC, ON/OFF,...
Chng 1: M u 2005-2011, HMS
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Khi iu khin
Actuator: Thit b chp hnh, c cu chp hnh (van iu khin, my bm qut gi chn gi r-le ) bm, gi, gi, r-le,...) Actuator, actuating element: c cu dn ng, phn t dn ng (ng c in, khi chuyn i dng-kh nn, cun ht t,...) Final control element: Phn t chp hnh (thn van, tip im, si t)
Chng 1: M u 2005-2011, HMS
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iu khin qu trnh
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Vn hnh (Operation) Gim st, theo di (Monitoring) Chn on (Diagnosis) Giao din ngi-my (Human-Machine Interface, HMI)
Chng 1: M u 2005-2011, HMS
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iu khin qu trnh
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V d: iu khin mc
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Ch th (Indication) v iu khin (Control) chnh p (Differential Pressure), vng loop 103. Bo ng (Alarm) vt ngng trn (High) nhit (Temperature), cnh gii qu nhit vng loop 104. M s vng loop, im o
P D I C-103
Ch ci u: Bin o hoc khi to Ch ci ph: B sung cho ch u Cc ch ci sau: Cc chc nng ch th, b ng hoc u ra
T A H-104
Chng 1: M u
2005-2011, HMS
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iu khin qu trnh
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ngha cc ch ci
Ch ci u Bin o hoc khi to A B C D E F G H I J K L M Analysis Burner, , Combustion T chn T chn Voltage Flow Rate T chn Hand Current Power Time, Time Schedule Level T chn Momentary T chn Scan Time Rate of Change Light Control Station Low Middle T chn 2005-2011, T chn HMS 41 Indicate Ratio (Fraction) Glass, Viewing Device High Differential Sensor B sung, thay i Cc ch ci ng sau Chc nng ch th hoc b ng Alarm T chn T chn Control T chn Chc nng u ra B sung, thay i
N T 1: M Chngchn u
ngha cc ch ci (tip)
Ch ci u Bin o hoc khi to T chn , Pressure, Vacuum Quantity Radiation Speed, Frequency Temperature a bin (Universal) Vibration, Mech. Analysis A l i Weight, Force Khng xp loi Event, State, Presence Position, Dimension Trc X Trc Y Trc Z a chc nng Safety Integrate, Total Record Switch Transmit a chc nng Valve, Damper, Louver L Well Khng xp loi Khng xp loi Relay, Compute, Convert Driver, Actuator, Phn t K Khng xp loi a chc nng B sung, thay i Chc nng ch th hoc b ng Orifice, Restriction Point (Test ( Connection) Cc ch ci ng sau Chc nng u ra B sung, thay i O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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2005-2011, HMS
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iu khin qu trnh
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Chc nng
iu khin ON/OFF hoc chuyn mch (Switch) Cng hoc tng (cng v tr), vi 2 hoc nhiu u vo Hiu (vi hai hoc nhiu u vo) dch d h (1 vo) u ) Trung bnh Khuch i (u vo : u ra) Nhn, chia (2 hoc nhiu u vo) Cn bc hai Ly tha Hm Tng cng Chn gi tr ln nht Chn gi tr nh nht o ngc Bin i (E, H, I, O, P, R) Tch phn (theo thi gian) o hm hoc tc Nghch o o hm
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V d: iu khin vng kn
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2005-2011, HMS
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Thit k sch lc iu khin L thuyt iu khin t ng Thit k thut ton iu khin Cng ngh h thng iu khin Cng ngh phn mm cng nghip Kinh nghim t cc d n khc
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2005-2011, HMS
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