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iu khi qu trnh khin qu tr n

Chng 1: M u
2004, HONG MINH SN

12/08/2011

Ni dung chng 1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 iu khin qu trnh l g? Mc ch iu khin Cu trc h thng KQT M t chc nng h thng Cc nhim v pht trin h thng

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1.1 iu khin qu trnh l g?

L thuyt KT

IU KHIN QU TRNH

iu khin my (K chuyn ng, Robot, CNC)

TH qu trnh TH qu ngh cng trnh TH qu ngh cng trnh cng ngh

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TH qu trnh TH qu ngh cng trnh TH x nghip cng ngh cng nghip

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Qu trnh & qu trnh cng ngh

Qu trnh l mt trnh t cc din bin vt l, ha hc hoc sinh hc, trong vt cht, nng lng hoc thng tin c bin i, vn chuyn hoc lu tr (ANSI/ISA 88.01, DIN 19222). )
Vt cht Nng lng Thng tin Vt cht Nng lng Thng tin

QU TRNH

Qu trnh cng ngh quan tm ti cc qu trnh vt cht v nng lng. Trong ni dung mn hc, khi nim qu trnh c hiu l qu trnh cng ngh
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Nhn t quan im h thng

Bin vo Bin iu khin Nhiu

Vt cht Nng lng Thng tin

QU TRNH

Vt cht Nng lng Thng tin Bin ra

Bin cn iu khin

Bin khng cn iu khin

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Bin qu trnh
Bin cn iu khin (controlled variable): Bin ra, i lng h trng ti s vn hnh an ton, n nh hoc cht lng sn phm, cn c duy tr ti mt gi tr t, hoc bm theo mt tn hiu ch o Bin iu khin (control variable, manipulated variable): Bin vo can thip c theo mun tc ng ti i lng cn iu khin Nhiu: Bin vo khng can thip c:
Nhiu qu trnh (disturbance, process disturbance) nhiu u vo (input disturbance): bin thin cc thng s u vo (lu lng, nhit hoc thnh phn nguyn liu, nhin liu) nhiu ti (load disturbance): thay i ti theo yu cu s dng (lu lng dng chy, p sut hi nc, ...) nhiu ngoi sinh (exogenous disturbance): nhit , p sut bn ngoi, ... Nhiu o, nhiu tp (noise, measurement noise)

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V d: Bnh cha cht lng

Fi

Bin vo

Nhiu Fo

Bin ra

h Fo

Bin iu khin Fi

Qu trnh bnh mc b) S khi

Bin cn iu khin h

a) S cng ngh

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V d: Thit b gia nhit

TH 1 , wH

TC1 , wC

TC 2
TH 2

Bin iu khin wH

TC1

Nhiu wC TH1

Qu trnh gia nhit Bin ra khng TH2 c iu khin

Bin ra c iu khin TC2

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Cc dy chuyn cng ngh phc tp

Nh my xi mng:
Cng ngh l nung Cng ngh cp liu, nghin, vn chuyn, ng bao

Nh my in:
Cng ngh l hi Cng ngh turbin

Nh my lc du, ha du:
Cng ngh chng ct, tinh luyn Cng ngh l phn ng lin tc, theo m

Vn :
Hng nghn im o, hng trm i lng cn iu khin Cc qu trnh tng tc qua li i hi an ton, tin cy rt cao
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V d: L hi

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V d: Dy chuyn sn xut ha cht

Bnh cp thnh phn A Bnh ngng

Bnh cha hi lu Nc lnh Bnh cp thnh phn B THP CHNG CT Bnh phn ng Hi lu Sn phm nh

Gia nhit

Nc lnh

Sn phm y

Gia nhit ha hi

Bung lm lnh

Hi nc

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Nhim v t ra
Can thip mt cch hiu qu cc i lng u vo ca qu trnh k thut cc i lng u ra ca n tha mn cc ch tiu cho trc trong khi c tc ng ca nhiu v thng tin khng chnh xc v i tng Gim thiu nh hng xu ca qu trnh k thut i vi con ngi v mi trng xung quanh Vai tr ca iu khin qu trnh!

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L thuyt iu khin t ng
d r e B iu khin u i tng y

Phng php phn tch i tng Phng php thit k b iu khin Phng php phn tch, nh gi cht lng h thng iu khin
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Khi nim: iu khin qu trnh

iu khin qu trnh l ng dng k thut iu khin t ng trong iu khin, vn hnh v gim st cc qu trnh t h cng ngh, nhm nng cao hi qu sn xut v h h hiu t m bo cc yu cu v bo v con ngi, my mc v mi trng. Phm vi ng dng: Cng nghip ch bin, khai thc & nng lng Bi ton th v quan t t c trng nht: i chnh ht iu h h i tng iu khin: Qu trnh cng ngh

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c th ca cc qu trnh cng ngh

Qui m sn xut thng thng va v ln Yu cu rt cao v tin cy v tnh sn sng Cc qu trnh lin quan ti bin i nng lng v vt cht
Bi ton iu chnh l tiu biu Cc i lng cn iu khin: lu lng, p sut, nhit , nng , thnh phn,... Din bin tng i chm M hnh kh xc nh Kh nng iu khin hn ch Kh thay i thit k cng ngh

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iu khin qu trnh cng ngh

iu khin qu trnh lin tc (continuous process control):
iu khin mt qu trnh cng ngh hot ng lin tc v d cc qu trnh chng ct, qu trnh sn xut in, qu trnh sn xut xi mng

iu khin qu trnh m (batch process control):

iu khin cc qu trnh cng ngh hot ng theo m v d qu trnh trn b tng, qu trnh phn ng ha cht, qu trnh sn xut bia,... ,

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Mc tiu ca mn hc
Tran b cho sinh vin kh nng:
Tm hiu, phn tch yu cu iu khin ca cc qu trnh cng ngh b i ton i khi cho tng yu cu c th t bi iu khin h h Thit k sch lc iu khin ph hp vi yu cu v vi m hnh qu trnh Chn la gii php thit b o, thit b chp hnh v thit b iu khin ph hp cho bi ton iu khin

To c s hoc/v ng lc cho cc mn hc:

iu khin logic PLC logic, Thit b iu chnh t ng cng nghip iu khin phn tn T ng ha qu trnh cng ngh/sn xut

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Phng php nh gi kt qu
Th nghim (2 phn): iu kin d thi cui k
Kho st i tng bnh mc (i tng m phng) v xy dng m hnh thc nghim Thit k sch lc v thut ton iu khin

im nh gi
Kim tra gia k: Thi cui k (vn p): 30% 70%

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Ti liu hc tp
GIO TRNH
[1] Hong Minh Sn: C s h thng iu khin qu trnh. NXB Bch khoa H Ni, 2006-2010.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Seborg, D.E; T.F. Edgar; D.A. Mellichamp: Process Dymamics and Control. 2nd Edition. Wiley, 2004. [2] Bel G. Liptak (ch bin): Instrument Engineers Handbook: Process Control. 3rd Edition, Chilton Book Co. 1996. [3] Luyben, W.L.: Process Modeling, Simulation and Control for Chemical Engineers. McGraw Hill 1990 Engineers McGraw-Hill, 1990. [4] Thomas Marlin: Process Control: Designing Processes and Control Systems for Dynamic Performance. McGraw-Hill 2000. [5] Bi ging (a dn, *.pdf Format): Lp chun b a ch email, gi ti: hmson-ac@mail.hut.edu.vn
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1.2 Mc ch iu khin
1. m bo h thng vn hnh n nh, trn tru: m bo cc iu kin vn hnh bnh thng, ko di tui th my mc, vn hnh thun tin 2. m bo nng sut v cht lng sn phm: thay i tc sn xut theo mun, gi cc thng s cht lng sn phm bin ng trong gii hn qui nh 3. m bo vn hnh an ton: nhm mc ch bo v con ngi, my mc, thit b v mi trng 4. Bo v mi trng: Gim nng cc cht c hi trong , , gim bi, gim s dng nguyn liu v ,g g g y kh thi, nc thi, g nhin liu 5. Nng cao hiu qu kinh t, tng li nhun: gim chi ph nhn cng, nguyn liu v nhin liu, thch ng nhanh vi yu cu thay i ca th trng
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V d: iu khin bnh trn

hn hp A v B
c1 F1
c2 F2

cu t A

c1 , c2 , c : Nng A F1, F2, F: Lu lng th tch

h

c F

Yu cu cng ngh: m bo cht lng sn phm Ch vn hnh: Vn hnh lin tc

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n nh h thng
Cc i lng cn n nh trong v d:
Mc trong bnh trn Nng ca A trong sn phm

Cc yu cu v n nh lin quan ti:

Nguyn l cn bng vt cht (trong v d) Nguyn l cn bng nng lng Nguyn l cn bng pha Nguyn l cn bng phn ng ha hc Cc nguyn l ng lc hc

ca h thng trng thi xc lp!

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Cht lng sn phm

n nh cha chc m bo cht lng:
Trong v d: Nng ca A trong sn phm c gi n nh nhng c th xa vi cht lng yu cu!

m bo cht lng sn phm: Gi tr i lng cn iu khin cng gn vi gi tr t cng tt!

Trong v d: nng A trong sn phm khng nhng c duy tr n nh, m phi gn vi mt gi tr mong mun.

Cht lng sn phm c nh gi thng qua mt s ch tiu cht lng

p ng vi thay i gi tr t (p ng qu ) p ng vi tc ng ca nhiu (p ng loi nhiu)

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An ton h thng
Li thit b, ng truyn -> sch lc iu chnh thng thng khng p ng c.
Trong v d, c th cn t cm bin (logic) bo trn hoc cn d bnh, qu tc, qu dng ng c khuy -> iu khin ri rc ng c v cc van an ton

Kha lin ng nhm:

Trnh xy ra cc tnh hung nguy him (v d ng c ch c khi ng khi mc trong bnh t mt gi tr no ) Gim thiu tc hi khi s c xy ra (bng cc bin php ngt tng phn hoc dng khn cp)

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Bo v mi trng
Cc dy chuyn cng ngh ngy nay c thit k vi nhiu yu cu gim nhim mi trng:
Gim nhin liu tiu th Gim s dng nc sch

Cc thit k "recycling" to tnh phi tuyn cao v tng tc ln trong h thng => vai tr ca cc phng php iu khin hin i Yu cu cao hn trong cc tiu chun quc gia v quc t v x l nc thi v kh thi

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Hiu qu kinh t
Cc yu cu c th:
Cht lng n nh (nng A trong sn phm) Nng sut thch ng vi yu cu th trng (lin quan ti lu lng sn phm ra) Tiu hao nng lng thp (cho ng c khuy v cho cc van iu khin) Tc ng iu khin m , trn tru (tc ng c cng nh m van t khi phi thay i hoc thay i chm)

Cc yu cu c th c th mu thun => 2 phng n gii quyt:

s dng cc tiu chun ha ng => iu khin ti u p ng va cc yu cu thit yu, sau tp trung vo cc yu cu cn li: v d cho php cht lng dao ng trong mt phm vi chp nhn c trnh thay i lin tc tc ng iu khin
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Hiu qu kinh t ph thuc nhiu vo im lm vic v cht lng iu khin

Gii hn rng buc trn

im lm vic khng kinh t

Gii hn rng buc di

im lm vic im kinh t

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1.3 Cu trc h thng KQT

H THNG VN HNH & GIM ST

Tham s

Trng thi

u vo

THIT B IU KHIN

u ra

THIT B O QU TRNH CNG NGH Chng 1: M u

THIT B CHP HNH

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S khi mt vng iu khin

Gi tr t Tn hiu Bin c Bin iu iu khin Thit b iu khin khin Thit b Qu trnh iu khin chp hnh Tn hiu o i lng o

Thit b o

Thut ng: Gi tr t Tn hiu iu khin Bin iu khin Bin c iu khin i lng o

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Set Point (SP), Set Value (SV) Control Signal, Controller Output (CO) Control Variable, Manipulated Variable (MV) Controlled Variable (CV), Process Value (PV) Measured Variable
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Thit b o qu trnh
Thit b o/B chuyn i i lng cn o (Nhit , p sut, sut mc, lu lng,..) Cm bin Chuyn i o Tn hiu chun (4-20mA, 0-10V,...) (4 20 A 0 10V )

Measurement device: Thit b o, vd o nhit , p sut, nng Transducer: B chuyn i theo ngha rng, v d p sut-dch chuyn, dch chuyn-in p Sensor: Cm bin, cng l mt dng chuyn i, vd cp nhit, ng venturi, siu m,.. Sensor element: Cm bin, phn t cm bin Signal conditioning: iu ha tn hiu Transmitter: Chuyn i tn hiu + truyn pht tn hiu chun
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Thit b iu khin
Thit b iu khin Tn hiu o Tnh ton iu khin i khi Tn hiu iu khi i khin

Gi tr t/ Tn hiu ch o

Control equipment: Thit b iu khin, vd PLC, IPC, Digital Controller, DCS Controller,... Controller Controller Controller: B iu khin, c th hiu l
C thit b iu khin, hoc Ch ring khi tnh ton iu khin, vd PI, PID, FLC, ON/OFF,...
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Thit b chp hnh

Thit b chp hnh Tn hiu iu khi i khin C cu dn d ng Phn t chp h h h hnh Tn hiu iu khi i khin

Khi iu khin

Actuator: Thit b chp hnh, c cu chp hnh (van iu khin, my bm qut gi chn gi r-le ) bm, gi, gi, r-le,...) Actuator, actuating element: c cu dn ng, phn t dn ng (ng c in, khi chuyn i dng-kh nn, cun ht t,...) Final control element: Phn t chp hnh (thn van, tip im, si t)
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H thng vn hnh & gim st

Gim st, chn on, quyt nh Hnh nh, con s, th, bng biu,..

Xc nhn, la chn, t gi tr Trng thi Gi tr cc i lng c trng Gi tr t Cc tham s iu khin Ch vn hnh

Vn hnh (Operation) Gim st, theo di (Monitoring) Chn on (Diagnosis) Giao din ngi-my (Human-Machine Interface, HMI)
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1.4 M t chc nng - lu P&ID

Lu P&ID: Pipe and Instrumentation Diagram (VD)
Lu cng ngh + cc biu tng thit b v chc nng t ng ha Mt trong cc ti liu thit k quan trng nht v h thng o lng, g iu khin v gim st C s cho la chn v lp t thit b, pht trin phn mm iu khin v gim st qu trnh (bi ton iu khin qu trnh)

Cc biu tng lu c ISA (Instrumentation Society of America) chun ha:

ISA S5.1: Instrumentation Symbols and Identification ISA S5.3: Graphic Symbols for Distributed Control/Shared Display Instrumentation, Logic and Computer Systems

Cc biu tng lu bao gm:

Cc biu tng thit b Cc biu tng tn hiu v ng ni K hiu nhn thit b v cc biu tng chc nng
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V d: iu khin mc

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V d: iu khin trao i nhit

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Biu tng thit b

Phng iu khin trung tm (Remote) Phn cng Thit b n l Phn cng chia s - Hin th chia s - iu khin chia s Phn mm Chc nng my tnh Logic chia s iu khin logic kh trnh Thit b cho hai bin hoc mt bin vi hai hoc nhiu chc nng Chng 1: M u 2005-2011, HMS
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V tr m rng (Auxilary Location)

Hin trng (Local)

Biu tng tn hiu v ng ni

Tn hiu khng nh ngha ng ni ti qu trnh k thut hoc cp nng lng Tn hiu kh nn Tn hiu in Tn hiu thy lc Tn hiu in t hoc m thanh (c dn nh) * Tn hiu in t hoc m thanh (khng dn nh)* ng ni ni b h thng (lin kt phn mm hoc d liu) ng ni c hc ng mao dn
x x x

* Cc hin tng in t gm c nhit, sng v tuyn, phng x nguyn t v nh sng.

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K hiu cc ng cp nng lng

AS (Air supply): cp khng kh ES (Electric supply): cp in GS (Gas supply): cp gas HS (Hydraulic supply): cp thy lc NS (Nitrogen supply): cp nit SS (Steam supply): cp hi nc WS (Water supply): cp nc
AS ES GS HS NS SS WS

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Nhn thit b v k hiu chc nng

PDIC 103 TAH 104

Ch th (Indication) v iu khin (Control) chnh p (Differential Pressure), vng loop 103. Bo ng (Alarm) vt ngng trn (High) nhit (Temperature), cnh gii qu nhit vng loop 104. M s vng loop, im o

P D I C-103
Ch ci u: Bin o hoc khi to Ch ci ph: B sung cho ch u Cc ch ci sau: Cc chc nng ch th, b ng hoc u ra

T A H-104

Ch ci ph sau: B sung ngha chc nng cho ch ci ng trc n

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ngha cc ch ci
Ch ci u Bin o hoc khi to A B C D E F G H I J K L M Analysis Burner, , Combustion T chn T chn Voltage Flow Rate T chn Hand Current Power Time, Time Schedule Level T chn Momentary T chn Scan Time Rate of Change Light Control Station Low Middle T chn 2005-2011, T chn HMS 41 Indicate Ratio (Fraction) Glass, Viewing Device High Differential Sensor B sung, thay i Cc ch ci ng sau Chc nng ch th hoc b ng Alarm T chn T chn Control T chn Chc nng u ra B sung, thay i

N T 1: M Chngchn u

ngha cc ch ci (tip)
Ch ci u Bin o hoc khi to T chn , Pressure, Vacuum Quantity Radiation Speed, Frequency Temperature a bin (Universal) Vibration, Mech. Analysis A l i Weight, Force Khng xp loi Event, State, Presence Position, Dimension Trc X Trc Y Trc Z a chc nng Safety Integrate, Total Record Switch Transmit a chc nng Valve, Damper, Louver L Well Khng xp loi Khng xp loi Relay, Compute, Convert Driver, Actuator, Phn t K Khng xp loi a chc nng B sung, thay i Chc nng ch th hoc b ng Orifice, Restriction Point (Test ( Connection) Cc ch ci ng sau Chc nng u ra B sung, thay i O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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Cc k hiu chc nng tnh ton

K hiu
1-0 hoc ON/OFF hoc ADD hoc SUB , +, AVG. %, 1:3 hoc 2:1

Chc nng
iu khin ON/OFF hoc chuyn mch (Switch) Cng hoc tng (cng v tr), vi 2 hoc nhiu u vo Hiu (vi hai hoc nhiu u vo) dch d h (1 vo) u ) Trung bnh Khuch i (u vo : u ra) Nhn, chia (2 hoc nhiu u vo) Cn bc hai Ly tha Hm Tng cng Chn gi tr ln nht Chn gi tr nh nht o ngc Bin i (E, H, I, O, P, R) Tch phn (theo thi gian) o hm hoc tc Nghch o o hm

, hoc SQ. RT.

xn hoc x1/n f(x) 1:1

> hoc HIGHEST < hoc LOWEST

REV. E/P, P/I, A/D, D/A D hoc d/dt I/D Chng 1: M u

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V d: iu khin vng kn

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1.5 Cc bc pht trin h thng

Cc mc ch iu khin c bn Cc nh lut vt l v ha hc L thuyt m hnh ha & m phng h Phn tch chc nng h thng Xy dng m hnh qu trnh Yu cu v m t cng ngh D liu vn hnh thc t

Thit k sch lc iu khin L thuyt iu khin t ng Thit k thut ton iu khin Cng ngh h thng iu khin Cng ngh phn mm cng nghip Kinh nghim t cc d n khc

La chn gii php h thng Thng tin, h tr t nh cung cp

Pht trin phn mm ng dng

Chnh nh & a vo vn hnh H THNG IU KHIN

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