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Click to edit Master subtitle style Nhm 15: Nguyn Vn Quc Bo Nguyn Huy Hong Nguyn Tin Hong Nguyn Quc Hng Phm Ngc Linh 5/17/12 0820061 0820059 0820061 0820073 0820088
Mng ATM (Cell relay) Hin nay,k thut Cell Relay da trn phng thc truyn thng khng ng b (ATM) c th cho php thng lng hng trm Mbps. n v d liu dng trong ATM c gi l t bo (cell). Mc tiu ca k thut ATM l nhm cung cp mt mng dn knh, v chuyn mch tc cao, tr nh dp ng cho cc dng truyn thng a phng tin (multimedia).
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ATM cn c mt c im rt quan trng l kh nng nhm mt vi knh o thnh mt ng o nhm gip cho vic nh tuyn c d dng.n c hai c im quan trng:
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ATM layers
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ATM layers
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Lp vt l:l lp thp nht,c chc nng truyn ti cc t bo ATM gia cc thit b ATM trn phng tin vt l.Lp vt l chia lm 2 lp con.
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ATM layers
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Lp AAL:Nhn cc khung ca d liu c a n,chuyn khung thnh dng t bo v thm nhng header thng tin cn thit cho php khi phc khi gc ti bn nhn. Lp ATM:c chc nng vn chuyn t bo ATM t ngun ti ch.Lp ATM s gi nhn cc payload t AAL.
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- UNI (User Network Interface) dng kt ni gia thit bi ngi dung va thit bi ATM. Khi c kt ni n mt ATM WAN, UNI la ng truyn thu bao gia ia im khach hang va im truy cp cua hang truyn tai. No co th la mt ng T1 hay mt ATM . - FUNI (Frame UNI). ng truyn FUNI truyn cac khung n mang ATM, tai o chung c chuyn thanh cac cell bi hang truyn tai. FUNI co th giam nhng chi phi phn cng. - NNI (Network-to-Network Interface - Giao din Mang-n-Mang) y la giao din gia cac thit bi ATM.
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Header:5 octet (5 bytes).Thng tin cha trong header gip cho vic tm ng ca cc ATM cell qua mng.Do mng ATM hot ng theo cch kt ni c hng nn cc cell ch c th lun chuyn qua cc vng m cc kt ni tn ti. Payload:48 octet (48 bytes).Cha data ca ngi s dng,v cc tn hiu iu khin tng ng.
VPI (Virtual Path Indentifier): Mt VP (Virtual Path) cha 1 b cc VC (Virtual Chanel). Mi VP c gn cho mt m nhn dng ng dn (VPI), n s xc nh mt nhm cc VC phn phi trn mt VP.
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VCI (Virtual Chanel Indentifier): Mi VC l ng dn ca vic truyn cc ATM cell. Mi knh gn cho 1 m nhn dng l VCI. CLP (Cell Loss Priority): Dng nhn dng cc cell vi cc mc u tin khc nhau. iu ny thng khng quan trng i vi vic truyn cell thng thng. Nhng khi c tt nghn th iu ny c quan tm v cc cell c u tin thp s b loi b. HEC (Header Error Control): Pht hin v sa cha 1 bit li ca cell header. Pht hin nhiu bit li ca cell header. M t cell.
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Kt ni trong ATM
VPC (Virtual Path Connection):l v tr gia im u cui vi im kt ni k tip hay gia im kt ni VC. VCC (Virtual Channel Connection).:
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ATM bandwidth
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Nu mt cell cho mi frames c gn cho mt user, v t lc mi cell mang 384-bit payload , bng thng tng ng l
F : l s lng frames trong mi giy V d s dng gi tr F = 8000 frames / s, bng thng payload cho 1 cell cho mi frames l: Bpayload=384 x 8000 = 3.072 Mbps
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Quality of service
Ngoi vic phn b bng thng linh hot, ATM cn m bo cht lng dch v (QoS) cho cc ng dng khc nhau QoS (Quality of Service) l kh nng gip cho vic truyn d liu vi thi gian tr ti thiu v cung cp bng thng cho nhng ng dng truyn thng a phng tin thi gian thc.
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Internet layers
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Internet layers
Physical layer : Bao gm cc kt ni vt l, nh dng tn hiu, iu ch, uplink v downlink ca mt v tinh truyn thng. Data-link layer :Chc nng ca lp ny l t chc cc d liu k thut s thnh cc khi theo yu cu ca cc lp vt l. Network layer :y hon ton l mt lp IP. Cc gi tin c thng qua Internet t router vi router v cc trm my ch. Transport layer :Hai b giao thc c cp trong lp ny l TCP v UDP.Transport layer,kim sot dng chy thng tin. iu ny bao gm cc chc nng nh trnh t chnh xc ca gi tin, thay th gi d liu b mt, v iu chnh tc truyn ti cc gi d liu ngn nga tc nghn. Company Logo
Hiu sut ca TCP i vi v tinh b tc ng bi: Bit error rate (BER) : khi mt gi ( do BER qu cao) , lp TCP s xem nh xy ra nghn dn ti lm chm thng lng. Round-trip time (RTT) :thi gian t lc gi 1 phn on TCP n lc nhn ACK. Vd: i vi cc v tinh GEO thi gian tr RTT = 0.55s. Trong thi gian ny TCP gi phi ch , m khng th gi tip , dn n lm chm thng lng. Bandwidth-delay product (BDP): (bandwidth(B/s)= channel bandwith, delay= RTT). Vi tc bit= 30Mb/s= 3662kB/s , RTT=055s => BDP=3662kB/s x 0.55s= 2014KB. Variable round-trip time: khi v tinh hot ng qu o thp th tr truyn cng thp. tr ny c th thay i v v kt ni vi mng mt t nn tng thm tr cng nh s thay i trong tr truyn. VD: cc v tinh LEOs tr c th t vi ms n 80ms.
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Slow start and congestion avoidance: 2 chc nng ny kim sot s phn on c truyn ch khng kim sot kch thc cc phn on. Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery: Fast Transmit cho php bn gi xc nh v gi li gi b mt trc khi ht thi gian quy nh. K thut ny trnh ri vo slow start. K thut Fast retrasmit ch thc hin truyn li 1 phn on b mt trn 1 ca s. Nu c nhiu hn mt gi b mt, k thut slow start s thc thi. TCP large windows: trng TCP header c th m rng ln n 32bits. Thc t trong kch thc ti a ca window c th l 2^30=1GB. Phn m rng TCP phi c thc hin c bn gi v bn nhn PAWS & RTTM l 2 phn m rng thc hin vi ca s m rng.
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RFC-2760, Ongoing TCP Research Related to Satellites, February 2000 : Ci tin TCP tn dng tt hn bng thng c sn c cung cp bi cc mng c cha cc lin kt v tinh. RFC-2488, Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels Using Standard Mechanisms, January 1999 :Tng cng TCP trn knh truyn hnh v tinh theo cc tiu chun ca IETF. RFC-2018, TCP Selective Acknowledgment Options, October 1996: Bn ghi nh ny xut thc hin ng gi d liu v tho lun v hiu qu ca n v cc vn lin quan. RFC-1323, TCP Extensions for High Performance, May 1992 : Bn ghi nh ny l mt tp hp cc phn m rng TCP ci thin hiu sut trn cc ng bng thng ln,hot ng n nh trn ng dn tc rt cao. RFC-1072, TCP Extensions for Long Delay Paths, October 1988 :bn ghi nh ny xut cc phn m rng TCP hot ng hiu qu trn ng dn vi tr cao.
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TCP cung cp kt ni cui-cui. Lp TCP nhn v gi c ni vi nhau bng mt lin kt o, iu khin tc nghn v iu khin lung c th truyn cho nhau m khng qua trung gian. Tuy nhin kt ni cui-cui ny c th c ngt ra, khi cc lin kt v tinh ging nh mt phn ca internet. K thut ny gi l spoofing. C ngha l TCP ngun ngh rng n kt ni vi TCP ch, nhng thc t IWU (internetworking unit) thc hin giao thc ny. TCP Reno m ch TCP vi phn m rng slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, fast recovery h tr cho TCP large window v delayed ACKs. Ti IWU , data c truyn t TCP Reno n lp data link v mt giao thc link layer s c s dng.Ti ch, IWU chuyn data n TCP Reno.
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Asymmetric Channels
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Asymmetric Channels
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Lung d liu (data flow) : kch thc gi(segments) trong ng truyn xung ln hn trong ng truyn ln. VD: trong RFC 2670, kch thc ca data segment trn ng xung l 1500bytes, ng ln l 40bytes. Lu lng vt l ca lin kt(physical capacities of the links). Tc ng ln b gii hn bi cng sut pht, kch thc ca anten trm mt t. S bt i xng c th xy ra do tc nghn.
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