BI TP MN LOGIC (Trc nghim v t lun) c bin son bi cc Ging Vin dy Logic ca khoa Khoa Hc C Bn. Chng 1.

Chn phn on ng; sai. 1. Chn phn on ng: a) S 23 l s nguyn t. c) S 25 l s nguyn t.

b) S 24 l s nguyn t. d) S 26 l s nguyn t.

2. Chn phn on ng: a) Paris l th ca nc Anh hoc Paris l th ca nc Php. b) Paris l th ca nc Anh ng thi cng l th ca nc Php. c) Nu Paris l th ca nc Php th Paris l th ca nc Anh. d) Paris l th ca nc Anh. 3. Chn phn an ng: a) Nguyn Du l tc gi ca Truyn Lc Vn Tin. b) 2 cng vi 3 bng 56. c) B Trng Trc l em ca B Trng Nh. d) Nguyn nh Chiu l tc gi ca Truyn Lc Vn Tin. 4. Chn phn an ng: a) Khng phi Nguyn Du l tc gi ca Truyn Kiu. b) S 1,234234234 (v hn ln s 234 lp li phn thp phn) l s hu t. c) Tc gi ca tc phm Chinh ph ngm l an Th im. d) S 1,234234234 (v hn ln s 234 lp li phn thp phn) l s v t. 5. Chn phn an sai: a) Nguyn nh Chiu l tc gi ca truyn Lc Vn Tin. c) Tc gi ca tc phm Chinh ph ngm l ng Trn Cn.

b) S 102 l s nguyn t. d) S 2 l s v t.

6. Chn phn on sai: a) Paris l th ca nc Anh hoc Paris l th ca nc Php. b) Paris l th ca nc Anh ng thi cng l th ca nc Php. c) Nu Paris l th ca nc Anh th Paris l th ca nc Php. d) Paris l th ca nc Php. 7. Trong cc cu sau cu no l mt phn on ng? a) Paris l th ca nc Php c phi khng?. b) Paris l th ca nc Anh ng thi cng l th ca nc Php. c) Nu Paris l th ca nc Anh th Paris l th ca nc Php. d) Nu Paris l th ca nc Php th Paris l th ca nc Anh. 8. Trong cc cu sau cu no l mt phn on sai? a) Paris l th ca nc Php c phi khng?. b) Paris l th ca nc Anh hoc l th ca nc Php. c) Nu Paris l th ca nc Anh th Paris l th ca nc Php. d) Nu Paris l th ca nc Php th Paris l th ca nc Anh. 9. Trong cc cu sau cu no l mt phn on sai? a) Logic l mt mn hc hay. b) S t nhin 97 l s nguyn t. c) Nu c con s t hai chn th Tri t quay quanh Mt Tri. d) Tri t quay quanh Mt Tri nhng vn c s t hai chn. 1

10. Trong cc cu sau cu no l mt phn on sai? a) Nguyn Tri khng vit i Co Bnh Ng nhng Nguyn Du vit Truyn Kiu. b) C phi bn ang thi mn Logic? c) Nu Nguyn Tri vit i Co Bnh Ng th Nguyn Du vit Truyn Kiu. d) Phi tp trung trong lc lm bi!. 11. Trong cc cu sau cu no l mt phn on ng? a) V ng Trn Cn vit Chinh Ph Ngm bng ch Hn nn on Th im chuyn sang ch Nm. b) Bn c thch hc mn Logic khng? c) on Th im vit Chinh Ph Ngm bng ch Hn cn ng Trn Cn chuyn tc phm sang ch Nm. d) Hy xem li cc cu khc !. 12. Trong cc cu sau cu no khng phi l mt phn on? a) V ng Trn Cn vit Chinh Ph Ngm bng ch Hn nn on Th im chuyn sang ch Nm. b) Ngi Vit Nam no chng l nh th? c) on Th im vit Chinh Ph Ngm bng ch Hn cn ng Trn Cn chuyn tc phm sang ch Nm. d) By gi k ngc ngi xui, bit bao gi li ni li nc non ? (Truyn Kiu Nguyn Du). Chng 2. Vit cc phn on di dng cng thc, tnh cht cc cng thc logic, iu kin cn, iu kin . 1. Trong truyn Quan m Th Knh, Mng ng dy B Th Knh v nh chng phi: Trnh iu trch c, trnh cu gin hn. Ta t cc phn an P = B Th Knh trch bn nh chng; Q = B Th Knh gin hn bn nh chng. Khi phn an Trnh iu trch c, trnh cu gin hn c th vit di dng cng thc: b) P + Q . c) P Q . d) P Q . a) P Q . 2. Xt cc phn an P = Ngi sing nng; Q = Ngi lm xong cng vic. Phn an Sing th mun vic trong tay ngi (Phan Bi Chu) c th vit di dng cng thc: b) P Q . c) P Q . d) P Q . a) P Q . 3. Phn an Nu l ngy mng 8 m lch th trng khng trn c th vit di dng tng ng: a) Nu trng trn th khng phi l ngy mng 8 m lch. b) Nu khng phi ngy mng 8 th trng trn. c) Nu trng khng trn th l ngy mng 8 m lch. d) Nu trng trn th phi l ngy 15 m lch. 4. Phn an no bng vi phn an ( P Q ) : a) P Q . b) P + Q . c) P Q . d) P Q .

5. Phn an Nu ng y phm ti th ng y b pht t c th vit di "iu kin " l: a) ng y khng phm ti nhng b pht t. b) ng y phm ti nhng khng b pht t. c) Nu ng y khng phm ti th ng y khng b pht t. d) ng y phm ti l iu kin ng b pht t. 6. Ph nh ca phn an N i Vng tu hay lt l: a) N khng i Vng tu v cng khng i lt. b) N i Vng tu v khng i lt. c) N khng i Vng tu m i lt. d) N khng i u c. 7. Phn an Bn hc gii Ton, tr phi bn khng gii Logic c th vit di dng tng ng:
a) Nu bn gii Ton th bn gii Logic. c) Nu bn khng gii Ton th bn c th gii Logic. b) Nu bn khng gii Ton th bn khng gii Logic. d) Nu bn gii Ton th bn khng gii Logic.

8. Ph nh ca phn an Anh y khng i H ni m i Thi bnh l: 2

a) Anh y i H ni hoc khng i Thi bnh. c) Anh y khng i H ni hoc khng i Thi bnh.

b) Anh y khng i H ni m i Thi bnh. d) Anh y khng i H ni hoc i Thi bnh.

9. Phn an Bn khng gii Logic m li gii Ton l iu khng th c th vit dng tng ng: a) Bn gii Ton v gii Logic. b) Bn gii Ton l gii Logic. c) Bn khng gii Ton nhng gii Logic. d) Bn khng gii Ton v khng gii Logic. 10. Cho bit x 2 5 x + 6 = 0 x = 2 x = 3 . Vy nu x 2 5 x + 6 0 th: a) x 2 x 3 . b) x 2 x 3 . c) x 2 x = 3 . 11. Cho bit A = { x R / 2 < x 3} , v phn t y A . Vy y c tnh cht:
a) y 2 y 3 .

d) x = 2 x 3 .

b) y < 2 y 3 .

c) y 2 y > 3 .

d) y 2 y 3 .

12. Cho bit A = { x R / x < 3 x 5} , v phn t y A . Vy y c tnh cht:

a) 3 y < 5 . b) 3 < y 5 . c) 3 < y < 5 . d) 3 y 5 .

13. Xt cc phn an P = C sch; Q = C tri thc. Phn an Khng c sch th khng c tri thc (Lnin) c th vit di dng cng thc (c th dng tng ng): b) P Q . c) P Q . d) Q P . a) P Q . 14. Cho cc phn on P = N hc n, Q = N hc bi. Phn on N khng hc n m cng khng hc bi c th vit di dng cng thc: b) P Q . c) P Q . d) P Q . a) P Q . 15. Cho cc phn on P = N hc n, Q = N hc bi. Phn on Khng phi n va hc n, va hc bi c th vit di dng cng thc: a) P Q . b) P Q . c) P Q . d) P Q . 16. Cho cc phn on P = N hc n, Q = N hc bi. Phn on N hc t nht mt trong hai mn (n, bi) c th vit di dng cng thc: a) P Q . b) P Q . c) P Q . d) P Q . 17. Cho cc phn on P = N hc n, Q = N hc bi. Phn on N khng hc t nht mt trong hai mn (n, bi) c th vit di dng cng thc: a) P Q . b) P Q . c) P Q . d) P Q . 18. Cho cc phn on P = N hc n, Q = N hc bi. Phn on N hc mt mn v ch mt mn m thi c th vit di dng cng thc: a) P Q . b) P + Q . c) P Q . d) P Q . 19. Cho cc phn on P = N hc n, Q = N hc bi. Phn on N hc nhiu nht l mt mn c th vit di dng cng thc: b) P + Q . c) P Q . d) ( P Q ) . a) P Q . 20. Cho cc phn on P = N hc n, Q = N hc bi. Phn on Nu n hc mt mn th buc phi hc mn cn li c th vit di dng cng thc: a) P Q . b) P + Q . c) P Q . d) ( P Q ) . 21. Xt cc phn an P = C sch; Q = C tri thc. Phn an C tri thc l c sch (Lnin) c th vit di dng cng thc hoc cng thc tng ng: a) ~ P ~ Q . b) P Q . c) P Q . d) ~ Q P . 3

22. t P = ng gi nghe r ting mi cho quy nc; Q = ng gi trng thy cc vt; R = trng ln xung pha sau dy i. on vn Lo gi nghe r ting mi cho quy nc nhng khng trng thy g v trng ln xung pha sau dy i (Hemingway ng gi v bin c), c th biu din bi cng thc: a) P Q R . b) R P Q . c) R P ~ Q . d) R ~ P Q . 23. Tm ph nh ca phn on ( P Q ) R . b) ( P Q ) R . a) ( P Q ) ~ R .
a) ( P Q ) ~ R . b) ( P Q ) R .

24. Tm ph nh ca phn on P ( Q R ) .

c) R P ~ Q . c) R P ~ Q .

d) ( P Q ) R . d) ( P Q ) R .

25. Phn on ph nh ca phn on "Ti khng th ng nu ti i bng" l: a) Ti i bng nhng vn ng c. b) Nu ti khng di bng th ti ng c. c) Nu ti ng c th ti khng i bng d) Ti i bng v khng ng c. 26. Phn on ph nh ca phn on "Tui ca Tun khong t 15 n 20" l: a) Tui ca Tun hoc di 15 hoc trn 20. b) Tui ca Tun trn 20. c) Tui ca Tun di 15. d) Tui ca Tun khng di 15 m cng khng trn 20. 27. Phn on ph nh ca phn on "Nu ngy mai l th t th hm nay phi l th hai" l: A. Hm nay khng phi l th hai v ngy mai l th t B. Nu ngy mai l th t th hm nay khng phi l th hai. C. Nu hm nay l th hai th ngy mai khng phi l th t. D. Ngay mai l th t v hm nay khng phi l th hai. 28. Cho cc phn on P = "Hng thch bng " v Q = "Hng ght nu n". Phn on "Hng khng thch bng ln nu n" c vit di dng k hiu l: a) P Q b) ( P Q ) c) P Q d) ( P Q ) 29. Cho cc phn on P = "Hng thch bng " v Q = "Hng ght nu n". Phn on "Hng thch bng nhng khng thch nu nu n" c vit di dng cng thc l: a) P Q b) P Q c) P Q d) ( P Q ) 30. Cho cc phn on P = "Hng thch bng " v Q = "Hng ght nu n". Phn on "Hng thch bng hay Hng va thch nu n va ght bng " c vit di dng cng thc l: a) P ( Q P ) b) P ( Q P ) a) P ( Q P ) b) P ( Q P ) 31. Cho cc phn on P = "Hng thch bng " v Q = "Hng ght nu n". Phn on "Hng thch bng v nu n hay Hng ght bng nhng thch nu n" c vit di dng cng thc l: a) ( P Q ) ( P Q ) b) ( P Q ) ( P Q )
c) ( P Q ) ( P Q ) d) ( P Q ) ( P Q )

32. nh l "Nu hai tam gic bng nhau th chng c din tch bng nhau" c vit di dng "iu kin " l: A. Hai tam gic bng nhau l iu kin chng c din tch bng nhau. B. Hai tam gic c din tch bng nhau l iu kin chng bng nhau. C. Hai tam gic bng nhau khng phi l iu kin chng c din tch bng nhau. D. Hai tam gic c din tch bng nhau khng phi l iu kin chng bng nhau.

33. nh l "Trong mt phng, nu hai ng thng phn bit cng vung gc vi mt ng thng th ba th hai ng thng y song song" c vit di dng "iu kin " l: A. Trong mt phng, hai ng thng phn bit cng vung gc vi mt ng thng th ba l iu kin hai ng thng y song song. B. Trong mt phng, hai ng thng phn bit cng vung gc vi mt ng thng th ba khng phi l iu kin hai ng thng y song song. C. Trong mt phng, hai ng thng song song l iu kin hai ng thng y cng vung gc vi mt ng thng th ba. C. Trong mt phng, hai ng thng song song khng phi l iu kin hai ng thng y cng vung gc vi mt ng thng th ba. 34. nh l "Nu mt s t nhin c ch s tn cng l ch s 0 th n chia ht cho 2" c vit di dng "iu kin " l: A. Mt s t nhin c ch s tn cng l ch s 0 l iu kin n chia ht cho 2. B. Mt s t nhin c ch s tn cng l ch s 0 khng phi l iu kin n chia ht cho 2. C. Mt s t nhin chia ht cho 2 l iu kin ch s tn cng ca n l ch s 0. D. Mt s t nhin chia ht cho 2 khng phi l iu kin ch s tn cng ca n l ch s 0. 35. nh l "Nu a = b th a 2 = b 2 " c vit di dng "iu kin cn" l: A. a = b iu kin cn l a 2 = b 2 . B. a 2 = b 2 iu kin cn l a = b . C. a = b l iu kin cn a 2 = b 2 D. a = b khng phi l iu kin cn a 2 = b 2 36. nh l "Nu hai tam gic bng nhau th chng c cc gc tng ng bng nhau" c vit di dng "iu kin cn" l: A. Hai tam gic c cc gc tng ng bng nhau l iu kin cn chng bng nhau. B. hai tam gic c cc gc tng ng bng nhau iu kin cn l chng bng nhau. C. Hai tam gic bng nhau l iu kin cn chng c cc gc tng ng bng nhau. D. Hai tam gic bng nhau khng phi l iu kin cn chng c cc gc tng ng bng nhau. 37. Cho cc phn on P = "Em n y" v Q = "Anh yu em". Phn on "Khng phi v anh yu em m em n y" c vit di dng cng thc l: a) ( Q P ) b) P Q c) P Q d) Q P 38. Cho cc phn on P = "Mt ngy duyn ta" v Q = "Trm nm". Phn on "Chng trm nm, cng mt ngy duyn ta" (Truyn Kiu, Nguyn Du) c vit di dng cng thc l: a) ( Q P ) b) P Q c) P Q d) Q P 39. Cho cc phn on P=C mp nh hi theo c con c kim, Q=C mp in cung, R=C mp i, S= C mp lc hng. on vn: Chng (c mp) nh hi theo c du con c (kim), nhng qu in cung v i nn chng c lun lun b lc hng (Hemingway ng gi v bin c), c th biu din bi cng thc: a) ( P (Q P) ) S . b) ( P (Q P) ) S . c) ( P (Q P) ) S d) ( P (Q + P) ) S Chng 3. Cc quy lut logic. 1. Pht biu cc quy lut ng nht, cm mu thun, bi trung. 2. Quy lut no sau y l lut ng nht, (cm mu thun, bi trung). a) Mi vt l chnh n m khng phi l vt khc. b) Trong cng mt quan h v cng mt lc, mt i tng khng th va l A va l khng A.

c) Trong cng mt quan h v cng mt lc, mt i tng ch c th l A hoc khng l A ch khng c kh nng no khc. d) Mi vt tn ti u c l do tn ti. 3. Lut bi trung c th hin qua phn an no sau y? a) Anh y i H ni hoc i H ni. b) Anh y i H ni v i H ni. c) Nu anh y khng i H ni th anh y i Thi bnh. d) C yu th yu cho chc, Bng nh trc trc, th trc trc cho lun (Ca dao) 4. Theo logic lng tr phn an (hay cu) no sau y vi phm lut cm mu thun? a) 2 2 . b) Gn mc th en, gn n th rng. c) Trong gang tc li gp mi quan san (Nguyn Du). d) Gn mc th en. 5. Theo logic lng tr phn an (hay cu) no sau y vi phm lut cm mu thun? a) 1 + 2 2 + 1 . b) Ly ngn tay m th d rng ngn tay khng phi l ngn tay, sao bng ly ci khng phi l ngn tay m th d. Ly con nga m th d rng con nga khng phi l con nga, sao bng ly ci khng phi l con nga m th d. (Da theo Trang T, Nam Hoa Kinh. Bn dch ca Thu Giang Nguyn Duy Cn) c) Hoa tn m li thm ti Trng tn m li hn mi rm xa (Nguyn Du). d) C yu, th yu cho chc, Bng nh trc trc, th trc trc cho lun. (Ca dao) Chng 4. Cc lin t logic. 1. Cc du phy phn an sau c ngha ca php logic g? Vn Tin u i kim khi,(1) Tay cm siu bc,(2) mnh ngi nga . (Lc Vn Tin, Nguyn nh Chiu). b) (1) php hi, (2) php hi. a) (1) php tuyn, (2) php hi. c) (1) tuyn cht, (2) tuyn cht.. d) (1) php hi, (2) php tuyn. 2. Cc du phy phn an sau c ngha ca php logic g? Long lanh y nc in Tri,(1) Thnh xy khi bic,(2) non phi bng vng. (Truyn Kiu, Nguyn Du). a) (1) php hi, (2) php hi. b) (1) php tuyn, (2) php hi. c) (1) tuyn cht, (2) tuyn cht.. d) (1) php hi, (2) php tuyn. 3. By gi Lin vi vng vo thp n, xp nhng qa sn en li, trong lc An i tm then ci ca cho chc chn (Thch Lam, Hai a tr). Trng t trong lc phn an trn c ngha ca php logic: a) Php tuyn cht. b) Php tuyn khng cht. c) Php hi. d) Php ko theo. 4. Du phy trong phn on sau c ngha ca php logic g? Ngi au yu, tn tt c bu c ti nh a) Php tuyn cht. b) Php tuyn khng cht. c) Php hi. 6

d) Php ko theo.

5. T nhng trong phn on sau c ngha ca php logic g? Con ngi c th b tiu dit nhng khng th b khut phc (Hemingway ng gi v bin c) a) Php tuyn cht. b) Php tuyn khng cht. c) Php hi. d) Php ko theo. 6. T hay, hoc trong phn on sau c ngha ca php logic g? Anh ta l ngi gc Ty Ban Nha hay(1) B o Nha th c y khng r nhng chc chn Ba hoc(2) M ca anh ta th bit r. a) (1) php hi, (2) php hi. b) (1) php tuyn, (2) php hi. c) (1) tuyn cht, (2) tuyn cht.. d) (1) php hi, (2) php tuyn. Chng 5. Logic v t. 1. Chn phn on ng: a) x R, x 2 2 x + 1 < 0 . c) x R, x 2 2 x + 1 < 0 . 2. Chn phn on ng: a) C nhng ngi Vit Nam l nh th. c) Khng ngi Vit Nam no l nh th. b) x R, x 2 2 x 1 > 0 . d) x R, x 2 + 2 x + 3 > 0 .

b) Mi ngi Vit Nam l nh th. d) Ni c nhng ngi Vit Nam l nh th l sai.

3. Cho hm phn on p ( x) = 3 x 7 l s nguyn t, x thuc tp s nguyn Z. Chn phn on ng: a) p(0). b) p(5). c) p(7). d) p(9). 4. Cho hm phn on p(x) = x c gii Nobel Vn hc, x thuc tp hp S nhng ngi Vit Nam. Phn on C nhng ngi Vit Nam c gii Nobel Vn hc c th di dng cng thc: b) x, p ( x) . c) x, p ( x) . d) x, p ( x) . a) x, p ( x) . 5. Cho hm phn on p(x) = x c gii Nobel Vn hc, x thuc tp hp S nhng ngi Vit Nam. Phn on Khng ngi Vit Nam no c gii Nobel Vn hc c th di dng cng thc: b) x, p ( x) . c) x, p ( x) . d) x, p ( x) . a) x, p ( x) . 6. Cho hm phn on p(x) = x c gii Nobel Vn hc, x thuc tp hp S nhng ngi Vit Nam. Phn on vit dng k hiu x, p ( x) c th vit bng cu sau: a) Hu ht ngi Vit Nam cha c gii Nobel Vn hc. b) Mi ngi Vit Nam cha c gii Nobel Vn hc. c) Nhiu ngi Vit Nam cha c gii Nobel Vn hc. d) Rt nhiu ngi Vit Nam cha c gii Nobel Vn hc. 7. Cho hm phn on p(x) = x thch m, x thuc tp hp S nhng con mo. Phn on vit dng k hiu x, p ( x) c th vit bng cu sau: a) C nhng con mo thch m. b) C nhiu con mo thch m. c) Hu ht cc con mo u thch m. d) Khng con mo no khng thch m. 8. Cho hm phn on p(x) = x thch m, x thuc tp hp S nhng con mo. Phn on vit dng k hiu x, p ( x) c th vit bng cu sau: a) C nhng con mo thch m. b) C nhiu con mo khng thch m. c) Hu ht cc con mo u khng thch m. d) Khng con mo no khng thch m. 9. Cho hm phn on p(x) = x l ngi trong Hi ngh tn thnh kin y, x thuc tp hp S nhng ngi trong Hi ngh. Phn on Trong Hi ngh khng phi khng c ngi khng tn thnh kin y c th di dng cng thc: b) x, p ( x) . c) x, p ( x) . d) x, p ( x) . a) x, p ( x) .

10. Cho hm phn on p(x) = x l ngi trong Hi ngh tn thnh kin y, x thuc tp hp S nhng ngi trong Hi ngh. Phn on Trong Hi ngh khng phi khng c ngi tn thnh kin y c th di dng cng thc: a) x, p ( x) . b) x, p ( x) . c) x, p ( x) . d) x, p ( x) . 11. Cho hm phn on p(x) = x l ngi trong Hi ngh tn thnh kin y, x thuc tp hp S nhng ngi trong Hi ngh. Phn on Trong Hi ngh ai m chng tn thnh kin y c th di dng cng thc: a) x, p ( x) . b) x, p ( x) . c) x, p ( x) . d) x, p ( x) . 12. Phn an Mi con s t u l con vt hung d l phn an: a) Ph nh ring (hay O). b) Khng nh ring (hay I). c) Ph nh chung (hay E). d) Khng nh chung (hay A). 13. Phn an t no l t chng cay l phn an: a) Ph nh ring (hay O). b) Khng nh ring (hay I). c) Ph nh chung (hay E). d) Khng nh chung (hay A). 14. Phn an C nhng con s t bn chn l phn an: a) Ph nh ring (hay O). b) Khng nh ring (hay I). c) Ph nh chung (hay E). d) Khng nh chung (hay A). 15. Ph nh ca phn an C nhng con s t hai chn l phn an: a) Mi con s t u khng c hai chn. b) Nhiu con s t c hai chn c) Nhiu con s t u khng c hai chn d) Mt s con s t khng c hai chn 16. Ph nh ca phn an t no l t chng cay l phn an: a) Mi tri t u khng cay. b) Mt s tri t khng cay. c) C tri t lt khng cay. d) C tri t v khng cay. 17. Ph nh ca phn an Ngi no m chng mun giu c l phn an: a) C nhng ngi khng mun giu c. b) C nhng ngi thch giu c. c) Mi ngi u khng mun giu c. d) Mi ngi u mun giu c. 18. Cho phn an x R, x 2 2 x + 111 0 . Phn an ph nh l:
a) x R, x 2 2 x + 111 0 . c) x R, x 2 2 x + 111 < 0 . b) x R, x 2 2 x + 111 > 0 . d) x R, x 2 2 x + 111 0 .

19. Phn an m m ra ng b ao (Ca dao) l phn an: a) Khng nh chung (hay A). b) Khng nh ring (hay I). c) Ph nh chung (hay E). d) Ph nh ring (hay O). 20. Phn an Chiu chiu chim vt ku chiu (Ca dao) l phn an: a) Khng nh chung (hay A). b) Khng nh ring (hay I). c) Ph nh chung (hay E). d) Ph nh ring (hay O). 21. Cho phn an x R, x 2 2 x + 1 0 . Phn an ph nh l: a) x R, x 2 2 x + 1 < 0 . b) x R, x 2 2 x + 1 0 . c) x R, x 2 2 x + 1 < 0 . d) x R, x 2 2 x + 1 0 . 22. Cho phn an n N ,
n 2 + 13n + 1 Z . Phn an ph nh l: 2n + 1

n 2 + 13n + 1 Z . 2n + 1 n 2 + 13n + 1 c) n N , Z . 2n + 1 a) n N ,

b) n N ,

n 2 + 13n + 1 Z . 2n + 1 n 2 + 13n + 1 d) n N , Z . 2n + 1

23. t A l tp hp tt c nhng Chng trai, B l tp hp tt c cc C gi. P(x,y) = x khng yu y. Cu Mi Chng trai u c yu cc C gi c th din t bng cng thc. a) x A, y B, P ( x, y ) . b) x A, y B, ~ P ( x, y ) . c) x A, y B, ~ P ( x, y ) . d) x A, y B, P ( x, y ) . 24. t A l tp hp tt c nhng Chng trai, B l tp hp tt c cc C gi. P(x,y) = x khng yu y. Cu C nhng Chng trai khng yu C gi no c c th din t bng cng thc. a) x A, y B, P ( x, y ) . b) x A, y B, ~ P ( x, y ) . c) x A, y B, P ( x, y ) . d) x A, y B, P ( x, y ) . 25. t A l tp hp tt c nhng Chng trai, B l tp hp tt c cc C gi. P(x,y) = x khng yu y. Cu Mi Chng trai u yu ch mt C gi c th din t bng cng thc. a) x A, y B, P ( x, y ) . b) x A, y B, ~ P ( x, y ) .
c) x A, ( y B, ~ P ( x, y ) ( z B, ~ P ( x, z ) z = y ) ) .

d) x A, y B, ~ P ( x, y ) .

26. Tm ph nh ca phn on x , x 2 7 x 1 .
a) x , x 2 7 x < 1 . c) x , x 2 7 x 1 . b) x , x 2 + 7 x < 1 . d) x , x 2 7 x > 1 .

27. t A l tp hp tt c nhng con ch, B l tp hp tt c cc con mo. P(x,y) = x ngng m y. Cu C nhng con ch m mi con mo u ngng m c th din t bng cng thc. a) x A, y B, P ( y, x) . b) x A, y B, ~ P ( x, y ) . c) x A, y B, P ( x, y ) . d) x A, y B, P ( x, y ) . 28. t A l tp hp tt c nhng con ch, B l tp hp tt c cc con mo. P(x,y) = x ngng m y. Cu C nhng con mo m mi con ch u ngng m c th din t bng cng thc. a) x A, y B, P ( y, x) . b) y A, x B, P ( x, y ) . c) x A, y B, P ( x, y ) . d) x A, y B, P ( x, y ) . 29. Ph nh phn on C nhng con ch m mi con mo u ngng m l phn on: a) Mi con ch u c nhng con mo khng ngng m. b) Mt s con ch c nhng con mo khng ngng m. c) Mt s con ch u c nhng con mo ngng m. d) Mi con ch u c nhng con mo ngng m. 30. Chn phn on ng: a) n , n 2 + 1 l s nguyn t.
c) n , n 2 1 l s nguyn t. b) n , n 2 + 1 khng l s nguyn t . d) n , n 2 l s nguyn t

31. Chn phn on ng: a) y , x : y < 3x 2 . c) y , x : y > 3x 2 .

b) x , y : y < 3x 2 . d) x , y : y < 3x 2 .

32. Cho bit mi quan h gia phn on khng nh chung A v phn on ph nh chung E. Chn khng nh ng: a) L thuc. b) i chi di. c) i chi trn. d) Mu thun. 33. Cho bit mi quan h gia phn on khng nh chung A v phn on ph nh ring O. Chn khng nh ng: a) L thuc. b) i chi di. c) i chi trn. d) Mu thun. 34. Cho bit mi quan h gia phn on khng nh ring I v phn on ph nh chung E. Chn khng nh ng: a) L thuc. b) i chi di. c) i chi trn. d) Mu thun. 35. Cho bit mi quan h gia phn on khng nh ring I v phn on ph nh ring O. Chn khng nh ng: a) L thuc. b) i chi di. c) i chi trn. d) Mu thun. 36. Cho bit mi quan h gia phn on khng nh chung A v phn on khng nh ring I . Chn khng nh ng: a) L thuc. b) i chi di. c) i chi trn. d) Mu thun. 37. Cho bit mi quan h gia phn on ph nh ring O v phn on ph nh chung E. Chn khng nh ng: a) L thuc. b) i chi di. c) i chi trn. d) Mu thun. 38. Pht biu cu sau bng cch khc nhng vn gi nguyn ngha ca n. Khng phi tt c nhng ngi hay ci l nhng ngi hnh phc. a) C nhng ngi hay ci l nhng ngi hnh phc. b) C nhng ngi hay ci l nhng ngi khng hnh phc. c) Khng phi c nhng ngi hay ci l nhng ngi hnh phc. d) Khng phi c nhng ngi hay ci l nhng ngi khng hnh phc. 39. Tm phn on ph nh ca cc phn on sau: Tt c nhng ngi hay ci l nhng ngi hnh phc. a) C nhng ngi hay ci l nhng ngi hnh phc. b) C nhng ngi hay ci l nhng ngi khng hnh phc. c) Khng phi c nhng ngi hay ci l nhng ngi hnh phc. d) Khng phi c nhng ngi hay ci l nhng ngi khng hnh phc. 40. Pht biu cu bng cch khc nhng vn gi nguyn ngha ca n. Khng phi lc no cng cn ni ng s tht. a) Lc no cng ni ng s tht l khng tt. b) Khng phi c lc khng cn ni ng s tht. c) C lc khng cn ni ng s tht. d) Khng phi c lc cn ni ng s tht. 41. Tm phn on ph nh ca phn on sau: Lc no cng cn ni ng s tht. a) Lc no cng ni ng s tht l khng tt. b) Khng phi c lc khng cn ni ng s tht. c) Khng phi c lc cn ni ng s tht. d) C lc khng cn ni ng s tht. 42. Cho x N, y N. P(x,y) = x+y=13. Chn phn on ng: a) x, y, P(x,y) b) x, y, P(x,y) c) x, y, P(x,y) d)x, y, ~P(x,y). 43. Cho x Z, y Z. P(x,y) = x+y=3. Chn phn on sai: a) x, y, P(x,y) b) ~(x, y, P(x,y))

c) x, y, P(x,y)

d) x, y, P(x,y) .

10

44. Trong Ton hc ta c nh ngha: nh x f : X Y c gi l ton nh nu y Y , x X : y = f ( x) . nh x f : X Y khng l ton nh nu: a) x X , y Y , y = f ( x) . b) y Y , x X , y f ( x) . c) y Y , x X , y = f ( x) . d) y Y , x X , y f ( x) . 45. Trong Ton hc ta c nh ngha: nh x f : X Y c gi l n nh nu x X , y X : f ( x) = f ( y ) x = y . nh x f : X Y khng l n nh nu:
b) x X , y X : ( f ( x) f ( y ) ) ( x = y ) . d) x X , y X : ( f ( x) = f ( y ) ) ( x y ) .

c) x X , y X : ( f ( x) = f ( y ) ) ( x y ) .

a) x X , y X : ( f ( x) = f ( y ) ) ( x y ) .

46. Trong Ton hc ta c nh ngha: nh x f : X Y c gi l n nh nu x X , y X : x y f ( x) f ( y ) . nh x f : X Y khng l n nh nu:

c) x X , y X : ( f ( x) = f ( y ) ) ( x y ) . a) x X , y X : ( x y ) ( f ( x) = f ( y ) ) . b) x X , y X : ( f ( x) f ( y ) ) ( x = y ) . d) x X , y X : ( x y ) ( f ( x) = f ( y ) ) .

Chng 6. Suy lun din dch. 1. T hai phn an tin l P Q v Q ta rt ra kt lun:

a) P . b) Q . b) Q . b) Q . c) P . c) P . c) P . d) Q . d) Q . d) Q .

2. T hai phn an tin l P Q v P ta rt ra kt lun: a) P . 3. T hai phn an tin l P Q v Q ta rt ra kt lun: a) P .

4. Cho bit phn an b lc i trong suy lun sau. Nu hc gii th c thng. M Bnh khng c thng a) Bnh hc gii th Bnh c thng. b) Bnh khng hc gii. c) Bnh phi hc gii nu khng s khng c thng. d) Bnh hc gii v c thng. 5. Rt ra kt lun trong lp lun sau: Nu hc hi th l ngi c tri thc, nu ngi c tri thc th phi trung thc. M anh ta khng trung thc. Vy anh ta a) Vy anh ta khng hc hi. b) Vy anh ta khng tht th. c) Vy anh ta c tri thc. d) Khng th rt ra kt lun c. 6. Xt xem lp lun sau c hp logic khng. Nu l con ngi m khi ta nm tay hn, hn s thn thng th hn l gi. Lc ny, khi nm tay hn nhy qua b sui, mt hn thn thng e ngi. Vy hn ch thc l gi gi trai i tu ri. a) Lp lun khng hp logic v dng s la chn. b) Lp lun khng hp logic v dng s bc cu ca php ko theo. c) Lp lun hp logic v dng s modus ponens. d) Lp lun hp logic v dng s modus tollens. . n 7. Xt xem lp lun sau c hp logic khng. Nu dy s hi t th b chn. M dy s un = ( 1) b chn bi 1 nn hi t a) Lp lun khng hp logic v dng s : b) Lp lun khng hp logic v dng s : PQ PQ
P Q c) Lp lun hp logic v dng s :

Q P d) Lp lun hp logic v dng s :

11

PQ P Q 8. Xt xem lp lun sau c hp logic khng. Nu chui s

n l un hi t v 0. M chui s
ny khng hi t (hay phn k) a) Lp lun khng hp logic v dng s : PQ

PQ Q P

u
n =1

= u1 + u2 + ... + un + ... hi t th s hng th

2n + 1 2n + 1 c s hng th n l un = hi t n 2 khc 0. Vy chui s n +1 n =1 n + 1

b) Lp lun khng hp logic v dng s : PQ Q P d) Lp lun hp logic v dng s : PQ

P Q c) Lp lun hp logic v dng s : PQ

Q Q P P 9. Tm li phn an b lc i trong lp lun sau, v xt xem lp lun c hp logic khng. Anh m lm c vic y th ti i bng u.. a) Ti khng i bng u. Vy anh khng lm c vic y. Suy lun khng hp logic. b) Ti i bng u. Vy anh lm c vic y. Suy lun hp logic. c) Ti i bng u. Vy anh khng lm c vic y.. Suy lun khng hp logic. d) Ti khng i bng u. Vy anh khng lm c vic y.. Suy lun hp logic. 10. S suy lun no sau y l khng hp logic: a) b) c) d) PQR PQ PQ PQ R R Q R Q QR R Q QP PR PR P 11. Xt xem lp lun sau c hp logic khng. Hng ha tng gi l do cung khng cu hoc do lm pht. Nhng va qua hng ha tng gi khng phi do cung khng cu. Vy hng ha tng va qua l do lm pht . a) Lp lun khng hp logic v dng s la chn. b) Lp lun khng hp logic v dng s bc cu ca php ko theo. c) Lp lun hp logic v dng s modus ponens. d) Lp lun hp logic v dng s modus tollens

12. Tm li phn an b lc i trong lp lun sau: Ti suy ngh, vy ti tn ti (Rene Descarter). Xt xem lp lun c hp logic hay khng. a) Nu ti suy ngh th ti tn ti. Lp lun hp logic v dng s modus ponens.
b) Ti suy ngh. Lp lun hp logic v dng s modus tollens. c) Ti tn ti. Lp lun khng hp logic. d) Nu ti suy ngh th ti tn ti. Lp lun hp logic v dng s modus tollens.

13. Chn hng ng trong cc cng thc sau: a) ( P Q ) ( P Q ) . b) ( P Q ) ( P Q ) c) ( P Q ) ( P Q ) d) ( P Q ) ( P Q ) 14. Chn hng ng trong cc cng thc sau: b) P ( P Q ) a) P ( Q P ) .
15. Xt xem

c) P ( P Q )

d) P ( Q P )

lp lun sau c hp logic khng.

12

Bao gi chch ngn a, So di nc th ta ly mnh. (Ca dao) a) Lp lun khng hp logic v dng s : b) Lp lun khng hp logic v dng s : P Q P Q P Q
P Q

c) Lp lun hp logic v dng s : d) Lp lun hp logic v dng s : P Q P Q P P Q Q 16. Xt xem lp lun sau c hp logic khng. Nu bn vt n th bn phm lut giao thng. M bn chng khi no phm lut giao thng. Vy, chng khi no bn vt n .
a) Lp lun hp logic v dng lut modus ponens. c) Lp lun khng hp logic v dng s tollens. b) Lp lun hp logic v dng lut modus tollens. d) Lp lun khng hp logic v dng lut modus ponens.

17. Tm li phn an b lc i trong lp lun sau, v xt xem lp lun c hp logic khng. Bnh ny khng th qua khi, tr phi c thuc tin. a) Nu c thuc tin, bnh ny qua khi. Suy lun hp logic theo lut modus ponens. b) C thuc tin. Vy, bnh ny qua khi. Suy lun hp logic theo lut modus tollens. c) Khng c thuc tin. Vy, bnh ny khng th qua khi. Suy lun hp logic theo lut modus ponens. d) Khng c thuc tin. Vy, bnh ny khng th qua khi. Suy lun hp logic theo lut modus tollens. 18. Trong bui tic ngi ch mi nhiu khch n d. Tic ang din ra vui v, th c mt s ngi bn cng chuyn nn xin php v trc. Lc , ch v tnh li ni: Ngi khng nn v th li v. Khi ni xong cu ny mt s ngi tc gin b v m khng cho ch. Theo bn nhng ngi b v m khng cho ch l suy lun theo s : P Q, P P Q, Q ~ P Q, Q P Q, Q a) b) c) d) P ~P P Q 19. Tm li phn an b lc i trong lp lun sau, v xt xem lp lun c hp logic khng. B y cht. B y m sng t bnh vin c ca m ng lc cho B y a) Bnh vin khng c ca m ng lc. Suy lun hp logic theo lut modus ponens. b) Bnh vin khng c ca m ng lc. Suy lun hp logic theo lut modus tollens. c) Bnh vin c ca m ng lc. Suy lun hp logic theo lut modus ponens. d) Bnh vin c ca m ng lc. Suy lun hp logic theo lut modus tollens. Chng 7. Tam on lun. 1. T hai phn an lm tin l: Mi ngi yu nc u yu ha bnh v Mi ngi yu ha bnh tham gia cc phong tro lm t thin, kt lun c rt ra l: (Suy lun bng cch dng Tam an lun) a) Mi ngi yu nc u tham gia cc phong tro lm t thin. b) Mt s ngi yu nc tham gia cc phong tro lm t thin. c) Mi ngi yu ha bnh u tham gia cc phong tro lm t thin. d) Khng rt ra c kt lun. 2. T hai phn an lm tin l: Mi ng vt n tht u hung d v Mt s lai mo khng hung d, kt lun c rt ra l: (Suy lun bng cch dng Tam an lun) a) Mi lai mo u l ng vt n tht. b) Mt s lai mo khng l ng vt n tht. d) Khng rt ra c kt lun. c) Mi lai mo u khng l ng vt n tht.

13

3. T hai phn an lm tin l: Mi hnh ch nht u l hnh bnh hnh v Mt s hnh thoi l hnh ch nht, kt lun c rt ra l: (Suy lun bng cch dng Tam an lun) a) Mi hnh ch nht u l hnh thoi. b) Mt s hnh ch nht l hnh thoi. c) Mt s hnh thoi l hnh bnh hnh. d) Khng rt ra c kt lun. 4. T hai phn an lm tin l: Hu ht nhng ngi lm th c c Truyn Kiu v Mi ngi c Truyn Kiu u bit tiu s ng Nguyn Du, kt lun c rt ra l: (Suy lun bng cch dng Tam an lun) a) Mi ngi u bit ng Nguyn Du. b) Mt s ngi bit tiu s ng Nguyn Du c lm th . c) ng Nguyn Du bit lm th. d) Khng rt ra c kt lun. Chng 8. Cng thc suy lun hm hai bin. 1. Xt xem lp lun sau c hp logic khng. V x , y , xy = yx nn 2.3=3.2. b) Lp lun hp logic v dng s : a) Lp lun hp logic v dng s : x, y, P ( x, y ) x, y, P ( x, y ) P ( a, b) P (a, b) c) Lp lun khng hp logic v dng s : d) Lp lun khng hp logic v dng s : x, y, ~ P ( x, y ) x, y, P ( x, y ) . P ( a, b) P (a, b) 2. Xt xem lp lun sau c hp logic khng. V x , y , x + y = 1 nn x , y , x + y = 1 . a) Lp lun hp logic v dng s : b) Lp lun hp logic v dng s : x, y, P ( x, y ) x, y, P ( x, y ) x, y, P ( x, y ) x, y, P ( x, y ) d) Lp lun khng hp logic v dng s : c) Lp lun khng hp logic v dng s : x, y, ~ P ( x, y ) x, y, P ( x, y ) . P ( a, b) P (a, b) 3. S no sau y l mt suy lun? P (0) ( P (n) P (n + 1) ) x, P ( x, y ) a) b) n, P (n) y, P ( x, y ) x , y , P ( x , y ) x, y, P ( x, y ) c) d) . P ( a, b) P (a, b) 4. S no sau y khng l mt suy lun? PQ PQ PQ P P ~Q ~P a) b) c) d) . PQ Q ~P ~Q 5. S no sau y khng l mt suy lun? P(0) ( P(n) P(n + 1) ) x, P( x) a) b) x, P ( x) n, P(n) x , y , P ( x , y ) x, P( x) c) d) . P ( a, b) P(a) Chng 9. Cc cu logic. 1. Ba sinh vin A, B, C b nghi l gian ln trong bi thi. Khi b thy hi th h khai nh sau: A: "B chp bi v C v ti" B: "Nu A c ti th C cng c ti" C: "Ti v ti". Nu A ni tht v B ni di th ai v ti v chp bi? a) A v B chp bi, C v ti. b) B chp bi, A v C v ti. 14

c) A v B khng chp bi, C c ti. d) B khng chp bo, A v C chp bi. 2. Ba sinh vin A, B, C b nghi l gian ln trong bi thi. Khi b thy hi th h khai nh sau: A: "B chp bi v C v ti" B: "Nu A c ti th C cng c ti" C: "Ti v ti". Nu mi ngi u v ti th ai ni tht v ai ni di? a) A ni di, B v C ni tht. b) A v B ni di, C ni tht. c) A ni tht, B v C ni di. d) B ni di, A v C ni tht. 3. Ba sinh vin A, B, C b nghi l gian ln trong bi thi. Khi b thy hi th h khai nh sau: A: "B chp bi v C v ti" B: "Nu A c ti th C cng c ti" C: "Ti v ti". Nu A ni di v B, C ni tht th ai c ti? a) Khng ai c ti. b) A v B c ti c) A c ti. d) B c ti. 4. C ba thy gio tn l Tan, L, Ha dy ba mn khc nhau l Tan, L, Ha. Thy gio dy mn Ha ni rng: Chng ta dy cc mn trng tn vi chng ta, nhng khng c ai dy mn trng vi tn chnh mnh. Thy gio c tn l Tan ni: Anh ni ng. Dng cc cng thc logic hy cho bit mn dy ca tng thy gio. Chng 10. Lp lun hp logic v chng minh. 1. Hy xt xem lp lun sau c hp logic hay khng? Nu ngh s Vn Ba khng trnh din hay s v bn ra t hn 50 v th m din s b hy b v ng Bu rt bun. Nu m din b hy b th phi tr tin v li cho ngi xem. Nhng tin v khng c tr li cho ngi xem. Vy, ngh s Vn Ba trnh din. 2. Hy xt xem lp lun sau c hp logic hay khng? Nu An c ln chc v lm vic nhiu th An c tng lng. Nu c tng lng An s mua xe mi. M An khng mua xe mi. Vy, An khng c ln chc hay An khng lm vic nhiu 3. Hy xt xem lp lun sau c hp logic hay khng? Nu mun d hp sng th ba th Minh phi dy sm. Nu Minh i nghe nhc ti th hai th Minh s v nh tr. Nu v nh tr v thc dy sm th Minh phi i hp v ch ng sau 10 gi ti. Nhng Minh khng th i hp nu ng sau 10 gi ti. Do , hoc l Minh khng th i nghe nhc ti th hai, hoc l Minh khng i hp sng th ba. 4. Hy xt xem lp lun sau c hp logic hay khng? Nu Bnh i lm v tr th v anh ta s rt gin d. Nu An thng xuyn vng nh th v anh ta s rt gin d. Nu v Bnh hay v An gin d th c Hin bn h s nhn c nhiu li than phin. M Hin khng nhn c li than phin no c. Vy, Bnh i lm v sm v An t khi vng nh. 5. a) Chng minh quy tc suy lun sau l hp logic.

15

( P R ) (Q R )
PQ R
Ngha l ( P R ) ( Q R ) ( P Q R ) hng ng. b) p dng: Chng minh rng vi mi s t nhin n, n3 + 2n lun chia ht cho 3. c) Xt xem lp lun sau c hp logic hay khng: Nu An hc gii th An c thng. Nu An tham gia cc phong tro trong lp tt th An c thng. Vy, nu An hc gii hoc tham gia cc phong tro trong lp th An c thng 6. a) Chng minh quy tc suy lun sau l hp logic. P (Q R ) ( P Q) R

(Lu : P ( Q R ) = ( P Q ) R ) a) p dng: Kim chng hai on lp lun sau tng ng: Lp lun 1: Nu a 0 . Nu = b 2 4ac > 0 th phng trnh bc hai ax 2 + bx + c = 0 lun c hai nghim phn bit. Lp lun 2: Nu a 0 v = b 2 4ac > 0 , th phng trnh bc hai ax 2 + bx + c = 0 lun c hai nghim phn bit.

b) p dng: Kim chng hai on lp lun sau tng ng: Lp lun 1: Nu An t im khng nh hn 5 trong bi kim tra ln mt. Nu An t im khng nh hn 5 trong b kim tra ln hai, th An c d thi kt thc mn hc. Lp lun 2: Nu An t im khng nh hn 5 trong bi kim tra ln mt, v An t im khng nh hn 5 trong bi kim tra ln hai, th An c d thi kt thc mn hc.

7. C s ca phng php chng minh quy np Ton hc l s suy lun sau: P (0) ( P (k ) P (k + 1) ) n, P (n) a) Hy chng minh s trn l hp logic. b) p dng: Chng minh rng tng cc gc trong ca a gic n cnh l (n 2)1800 , n 3 . Sau ch r lun , nhng lun c v nhng lun chng trong lp lun ca chng minh. c) p dng: Chng minh rng s tp hp con ca tp hp c n phn t l 2n . Sau ch r lun , nhng lun c v nhng lun chng trong lp lun ca chng minh. 8. Hy ch r lun , nhng lun c v nhng lun chng trong lp lun sau: Gi s a = 0 , khi a.b = 0.b = 0 . Vy, a.b 0 a 0 a) Lun a 0 , lun c a.b 0 , lun chng P Q = ~ Q ~ P . b) Lun a = 0 , lun c a.b 0 , lun chng P Q = ~ Q ~ P . c) Lun a 0 , lun c a.b 0 , lun chng quy tc modus ponens. d) Lun a 0 , lun c a.b 0 , lun chng bc cu ca php ko theo. 9. Hy ch r lun , nhng lun c v nhng lun chng trong lp lun sau: Gi s t im A ngoi ng thng a ta k c hai ng thng phn bit b, c cng vung gc vi ng thng a. ng thng b vung gc vi a ti B, ng thng c vung gc vi a ti C. Khi tam gic ABC c A + B + C = A + 900 + 900 = 1800 + A > 1800 . Nhng, hin nhin trong tam gic ABC, A + B + C = 1800 . Vy, t im A ngoi ng thng a ta khng th k c hai ng thng phn bit b, c cng vung gc vi ng thng a 16

10. Hy ch r lun , nhng lun c v nhng lun chng trong lp lun sau: Do c nhng lc lng sn xut mi, loi ngi thay i phng thc sn xut ca mnh, v do thay i phng thc sn xut, cch lm n ca mnh, loi ngi thay i tt c nhng quan h x hi ca mnh. Ci ci xay quay bng tay a li x hi c lnh cha, ci ci xay chy bng hi nc a li x hi c t bn cng nghip (K. Marx, dn theo Hong Chng). 11. Hy ch r lun , nhng lun c v nhng lun chng trong lp lun sau: Ta c 1+1++1=162 (tng ny c 162 ch s 1). M 162 chia ht cho 9. Vy, s t nhin 1111 (162 ch s 1), chia ht cho 9. 12. Hy gii bi ton (c th bng nhiu cch): Cho ac < 0 . Chng minh rng phng trnh bc hai ax 2 + bx + c = 0 lun c hai nghim phn bit. Sau ch r lun , nhng lun c v nhng lun chng trong lp lun ca chng minh. 13. Hy ch r lun , nhng lun c v nhng lun chng trong lp lun sau: S nguyn t l s ch c c l 1 v chnh n. S t nhin 97 ch c c l 1 v 97. Vy, 97 l s nguyn t. 14. Hy ch r lun , nhng lun c v nhng lun chng trong lp lun sau: Cn c quy ch hc tp do S Gio Dc ban hnh. Cn c kt qu thi tt nghip ca hc sinh Nguyn Vn An vo cc ngy 24, 25 thng 5 nm 2010 . Nay cng nhn hc sinh Nguyn Vn An tt nghip ph thng c s. 15. Hy ch r lun , nhng lun c v nhng lun chng trong s kin sau: Mt ngi A t tay trn bn c li du vn tay v ngi A ny b i. Hm sau mt ngi B n v mun chng t A c n y. B c th lp lun nh sau:
C du vn tay trn bn, em so snh vi du vn tay trn giy Chng Minh Nhn Dn ca A hon ton ging vi du vn tay trn bn. Vy A n y.

16. Hy ch r lun , nhng lun c v nhng lun chng trong s kin sau: Mt ngi iu tra A hi mt nghi phm X:C phi hm 30/4 lc 9 gi ti anh khng nh phi khng?. X tr li Khng phi. Hm y ti nh.. iu tra vin A khng hi tip. A nh B, bo X vit li tng trnh ti hm lc 9 gi ti lm g. X vit: Hm l ngy 30/4 ti nh coi phim vi v, v coi phim: Bao Cng. Hai hm sau A nh C, bo X vit li tng trnh ti 30/4 lc 9 gi ti lm g. X vit: Hm l ngy 30/4 ti nh coi phim vi v, v coi phim: Ty Du k. T hai bn tng trnh trn iu tra vin A kt lun Ngy 30/4 lc 9 gi ti, X khng c mt nh.

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TI LIU THAM KHO TRCH DN 1. Nguyn Ph Vinh, Nguyn nh Tng: Logic hc v ng dng, Trng i Hc Cng Nghip Tp. H Ch Minh, nm 2010. 2. Hong Chng: Logic hc ph thng, NXB Gio dc, nm 1994 3. Nguyn c Dn: Logich v Ting vit, NXB Gio dc, nm 1998. 4. Hong Ph: Tuyn tp Ngn ng hc, NXB Nng, nm 2007. 5. L T Thnh: Tm hiu Logich hc, NXB Tr, nm 1993. 6. Kenneth H. Rosen: Ton hc ri rc ng dng trong Tin hc, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, H ni, nm 2000. 7. Hermann Hesse: Cu chuyn dng sng, NXB Hi nh vn, khng ghi dch gi, Nht Chiu vit li gii thiu, nm 1999. Cu chuyn dng sng, NXB Vn ha Si gn, Phng Khnh; Phng Thng dch, Thi Kim Lan gii thiu, nm 2008. (Nguyn tc Siddhartha) 8. Hermann Hesse: Nh kh hnh v G lang thang, Tr Hi; Vinh Bch; Lan Nh dch, khng ghi nm v nh xut bn. (Nguyn tc Narziss and Goldmund. C mt bn dch ting Vit vi tn i bn chn tnh) 9. Ernest Hemingway: ng gi v bin c, Huy Phng dch v gii thiu, NXB Vn ngh Tp. H Ch Minh, nm 2000. 10. Thch ng Qun: Nhn Minh lun, Thnh hi Pht gio Tp. H Ch Minh xut bn, nm 1997. 11. Thch Trung Hu, Thch Hi n: su tm v gii thiu tc phm ca Tm Minh L nh Thm, (tham kho phn: lc gii Nhn minh nhp chnh l lun v Nhn minh tng lun) 12. Mt s tc phm Vn hc trong nh trng: Truyn Kiu; Lc Vn Tin; Chinh Ph ngm; Quan m Th Knh; v.v. 13. Nguyn Hu Anh: Ton Ri Rc, NXB Gio Dc, nm 1999.

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