18

UC0
UR0
UMN
UAM
N
A
B
UAB
M
i
1. Bi ton trong mch in c cha mt hp kn.
V d 1: Cho mch in nh hnh v:
U
AB
= 200cos100tt(V)
Z
C
= 100O ; Z
L
= 200O
I = 2 ) A ( 2 ; cos = 1; X l on mch gm hai trong ba phn t (R
0
, L
0
(thun), C
0
) mc
ni tip. Hi X cha nhng linh kin g ? Xc nh gi tr ca cc linh kin .
Gii
Cch 1: Dng phng php gin vc t trt.
Hng dn Li gii
B
1
: V gin vc t cho on mch
bit
+ Chn trc cng dng in lm
trc gc, A l im gc.
+ Biu din cc hiu in th u
AB
;
u
AM
; u
MN
bng cc vc t tng ng.

* Theo bi ra cos = 1 u
AB
v i cng pha.
U
AM
= U
C
= 200 2 (V)
U
MN
= U
L
= 400 2 (V)
U
AB
= 100 2 (V)
Gin vc t trt


V U
AB
cng pha so vi i nn trn NB (hp X) phi cha
in tr R
o
v t in C
o
.
B2: Cn c vo d kin ca bi ton

NB
U xin gc v tr pha so vi
i nn X phi cha R
o
v C
o

B3: Da vo gin U
Ro
v U
Co
t
+ U
Ro
= U
AB
IR
o
= 100 2
R
o
= ) ( 50
2 2
2 100
O =
+ U
Co
= U
L
- U
C

A
C
B N M
X

19
tnh R
o
; C
o

I . Z
Co
= 200 2
Z
Co
= ) ( 100
2 2
2 200
O =
C
o
= ) F (
10
100 . 100
1
4
t
=
t


Cch 2: Dng phng php i s
Hng dn Li gii
B1: Cn c u vo ca bi ton
t cc gi thit c th xy ra.
Trong X c cha R
o
&L
o
hoc R
o

v C
o

B2: Cn c u ra loi b cc
gi thit khng ph hp v Z
L
> Z
C

nn X phi cha C
o
.
B3: Ta thy X cha R
o
v C
o
ph hp
vi gi thit t ra.
* Theo bi Z
AB
= ) ( 50
2 2
2 100
O =
1
Z
R
cos = =
V trn AN ch c C v L nn NB (trong X) phi cha R
o
,
mt khc: R
o
=Z Z
L
(tng) = Z
C
(tng) nn Z
L
= Z
C
+Z
Co

Vy X c cha R
o
v C
o

O = = =
O = =
) ( 100 100 200 Z Z Z
) ( 50 Z R
C L C
AB 0
o

C
o
= ) F (
10
4
t

Nhn xt: Trn y l mt bi tp cn kh n gin v hp kn, trong bi ny cho bit
v I, chnh v vy m gii theo phng php i s c phn d dng. i vi nhng bi ton v hp
kn cha bit v I th gii theo phng php i s s gp kh khn, nu gii theo phng php
gin vc t trt s thun li hn rt nhiu. V d 2 sau y l mt bi ton in hnh.

V d 2: Cho mch in nh hnh v
U
AB
= 120(V); Z
C
= ) ( 3 10 O
R = 10(O); u
AN
= 60 6 cos100 ( ) t v t
U
AB
= 60(v)
a. Vit biu thc u
AB
(t)
b. Xc nh X. Bit X l on mch gm hai trong ba phn t (R
o
, L
o
(thun), C
o
) mc ni
tip
Gii:
A
C
B N M
X
R

20
a. V gin vc t cho on mch bit A
Phn cn li cha bit hp kn cha g v vy ta gi s n l mt vc t bt k tin theo chiu
dng in sao cho: NB = 60V, AB = 120V, AN = 60 V 3
+ Xt tham gic ANB, ta nhn thy
AB
2
= AN
2
+ NB
2
, vy l tam gic vung
ti N
tgo =
3
1
3 60
60
AN
NB
= =


6
t
= o U
AB
sm pha so vi U
AN
1 gc
6
t

Biu thc u
AB
(t): u
AB
= 120 2 cos 100
6
t
t
t
| |
+
|
\ .
(V)
b. Xc nh X
T gin ta nhn thy NB cho ln m trong X ch cha 2 trong 3 phn t nn X phi cha
R
o
v L
o
. Do ta v thm c
0 0
L R
U v U nh hnh v.
+ Xt tam gic vung AMN:
6 3
1
Z
R
U
U
tg
C C
R
t
= | = = = |
+ Xt tam gic vung NDB

) V ( 30
2
1
. 60 sin U U
) V ( 3 30
2
3
. 60 cos U U
NB L
NB R
O
O
= = | =
= = | =

Mt khc: U
R
= U
AN
sin| = 60 ) v ( 3 30
2
1
. 3 =

t
=
t
= O = = =
O = = =

= =
) H (
3
1 , 0
3 100
10
L ) (
3
10
3 3
30
I
U
Z
) ( 10
3 3
3 30
I
U
R
) A ( 3 3
10
3 30
I
O
L
L
R
O
O
O
O

* Nhn xt: y l bi ton cha bit trc pha v cng dng in nn gii theo phng
php i s s gp rt nhiu kh khn (phi xt nhiu trng hp, s lng phng trnh ln gii
U
A
B
UC
UR
A
M
N
B
i
U
A
N
U
N
B
UR0
Ul0
D

21
A
C
B N M
X
R
rt phc tp). Nhng khi s dng gin vc t trt s cho kt qu nhanh chng, ngn gn, ... Tuy
nhin ci kh ca hc sinh l ch rt kh nhn bit c tnh cht
2
NB
2
AN
2
AB
U U U + = . c s
nhn bit tt, hc sinh phi rn luyn nhiu bi tp c k nng gii.
V d 3: Cho mch in nh hnh v:
U
AB
= cost; u
AN
= 180 2 cos 100 ( )
2
t V
t
t
| |

|
\ .

Z
C
= 90(O); R = 90(O); u
AB
= 60 2 cos100 ( ) t V t
a. Vit biu thc u
AB
(t)
b. Xc nh X. Bit X l on mch gm hai trong ba phn t (R
O
, L
o
(thun), C
O
) mc ni
tip.
Phn tch bi ton: Trong v d 3 ny ta cha bit cng dng in cng nh lch pha
ca cc hiu in th so vi cng dng in nn gii theo phng php i s s gp nhiu kh
khn. V d 3 ny cng khc v d 2 ch cha bit trc U
AB
c ngha l tnh cht c bit trong
v d 2 khng s dng c. Tuy nhin ta li bit lch pha gia u
AN
v u
NB,
c th ni y l mu
cht gii ton.
Gii
a. V gin vc t cho on mch bit AN. Phn cn li cha bit hp kn cha g, v
vy ta gi s n l mt vc t bt k tin theo chiu dng in sao cho u
NB
sm pha
2
t
so vi u
AN

+ Xt tam gic vung ANB
* tgo =
3
1
180
60
U
U
AN
NB
AN
NB
= = =
o ~ 80
0
= 0,1t(rad)
u
AB
sm pha so vi u
AN
mt gc 0,1t
*
2
NB
2
AN
2
AB
U U U + = = 180
2
+ 60
2
~ 190
0
U
Ab
= 190(V)

biu thc u
AB
(t): u
AB
= 190 2 cos 100 0,1
2
t
t
t t
| |
+
|
\ .

= ( ) 190 2 cos 100 0, 4 ( ) t V t t
U
A
B
UC
UR
A
M
N
B
i
U
A
N
U
N
B
UR0
Uc0
D

22
b. T gin ta nhn thy NB cho ln m trong X ch cha hai trong 3 phn t trn X phi
cha R
O
v L
O
. Do ta v thm c
O O
L R
U v U nh hnh v.
+ Xt tam gic vung AMN: 1
90
90
Z
R
U
U
tg
C C
R
= = = = |
| = 45
0

U
C
= U
AN
.cos| = 180. ) A ( 2
90
2 90
Z
U
I 2 90
2
2
C
C
= = = =
+ Xt tam gic vung NDB
) ( 30
2
2 30
R ) V ( 2 30
2
2
. 60 cos U U
0 NB R
O
O = = = = | =
| = 45
0
U
Lo
= U
Ro
= 30 2 (V) Z
Lo
= 30(O)
) H (
3 , 0
100
30
L
O
t
=
t
=
Nhn xt: Qua ba th d trn ta hiu c phn no v phng php gii bi ton hp kn
bng gin vc t trt, cng nh nhn ra c u th ca phng php ny. Cc bi tp tip theo
ti s cp n bi ton c cha 2 hoc 3 hp kn, ta s thy r hn na u th vt tri ca
phng php ny.
2. Bi ton trong mch in c cha hai hp kn
V d 1: Mt mch in xoay chiu c s nh hnh v.
Trong hp X v Y ch c mt linh kin
hoc in tr, hoc cun cm, hoc l t in.
Ampe k nhit (a) ch 1A; U
AM
= U
MB
= 10V

U
AB
= 10 V 3 . Cng sut tiu th ca on mch AB l P = 5 6 W. Hy xc nh linh kin
trong X v Y v ln ca cc i lng c trng cho cc linh kin . Cho bit tn s dng in
xoay chiu l f = 50Hz.
* Phn tch bi ton: Trong bi ton ny ta c th bit c gc lch (Bit U, I, P )
nhng on mch ch cha hai hp kn. Do nu ta gii theo phng php i s th phi xt rt
nhiu trng hp, mt trng hp phi gii vi s lng rt nhiu cc phng trnh, ni chung l
vic gii gp kh khn. Nhng nu gii theo phng php gin vc t trt s trnh c nhng
kh khn . Bi ton ny mt ln na li s dng tnh cht c bit ca tam gic l: U = U
MB
;
U
AB
= 10
AM
U 3 V 3 = tam gic AMB l A cn c 1 gc bng 30
0
.
A B M
Y
a
X

23
Gii:
H s cng sut:
UI
P
cos =

4 2
2
3 10 . 1
6 5
cos
t
= = =
* Trng hp 1: u
AB
sm pha
4
t
so vi i
gin vc t
V:

=
=
AM AB
MB AM
U 3 U
U U

AAMB l A cn v U
AB
= 2U
AM
coso coso =
10 . 2
3 10
U 2
U
AM
AB
=
coso =
0
30
2
3
= o
a. u
AB
sm pha hn u
AM
mt gc 30
0

U
AM
sm pha hn so vi i 1 gc
X
= 45
0
- 30
0
= 15
0

X phi l 1 cun cm c tng tr Z
X
gm in tr thun R
X
v t cm L
X

Ta c: ) ( 10
1
10
I
U
Z
AM
X
O = = =
Xt tam gic AHM:
+
0
X X
0
X R
15 cos Z R 15 cos U U
X
= =
R
X
= 10.cos15
0
= 9,66(O)
+ ) ( 59 , 2 15 sin 10 15 sin Z Z 15 sin U U
0 0
X L
0
X L
X X
O = = = =
) mH ( 24 , 8
100
59 , 2
L
X
=
t
=
Xt tam gic vung MKB: MBK = 15
0
(v i xng)
U
MB
sm pha so vi i mt gc
Y
= 90
0
- 15
0
= 75
0

Y l mt cun cm c in tr R
Y
v t cm L
Y

+ R
Y
=
X
L
Z (v U
AM
= U
MB
) R
Y
= 2,59(O)
+
X L
R Z
Y
= = 9,66(O) L
Y
= 30,7m(H)
i
M
URX
ULX
K
U
A
B
U
Y
URY
ULY
A
H
B
4
5
0
3
0
0
1
5
0
U
i
B
K
M
H
A
U
A
B
URY
U
X
ULY
URX
U
L
X
3
0
0
4
5
0
U
Y

24
b. u
AB
tr pha hn u
AM
mt gc 30
0

Tng t ta c:
+ X l cun cm c tng tr
Z
X
= ) ( 10
1
10
I
U
AM
O = =
Cun cm X c in tr thun R
X
v t cm L
X
vi R
X
= 2,59(O); R
Y
=9,66(O)
* Trng hp 2: u
AB
tr pha
4
t
so vi i, khi
u
AM
v u
MB
cng tr pha hn i (gc 15
0
v 75
0
).
Nh vy mi hp phi cha t in c tng tr Z
X
,
Z
X
gm in tr thun R
X
, R
Y
v dung khng C
X
,
C
Y
. Trng hp ny khng th tho mn v t in
khng c in tr

.
Nhn xt: n bi ton ny hc sinh bt u cm thy kh khn v n i hi hc sinh
phi c c phn on tt, c kin thc tng hp v mch in xoay chiu kh su sc. khc phc
kh khn, hc sinh phi n tp l thuyt tht k v c k nng tt trong b mn hnh hc.

Khi mc hai im A, B vo hai cc ca mt ngun in xoay chiu tn s 50Hz th I
a
= 1(A), U
v1
=
60v; U
V2
= 80V,U
AM
lch pha so vi U
MB
mt gc 120
0
, xc nh X, Y v cc gi tr ca chng.
* Phn tch bi ton: y l mt bi ton c s dng n tnh cht ca dng in 1 chiu i
vi cun cm v t in. Khi gii phi lu n vi dng in 1 chiu th e = 0 Z
L
= 0 v
=
e
=
C
1
Z
C
. Cng ging nh phn tch trong v d 1 bi ton ny phi gii theo phng php
gin vc t (trt).
V d 2: Cho hai hp kn X, Y ch cha 2
trong ba phn t: R, L (thun), C mc ni tip. Khi
mc hai im A, M vo hai cc ca mt ngun in
mt chiu th I
a
= 2(A), U
V1
= 60(V).

45
0
30
0
A
M
M
B
i
A B
M
Y
a
X
v1 v2

25
Gii
* V X cho dng in mt chiu i qua nn X khng cha t in. Theo bi th X cha 2
trong ba phn t nn X phi cha in tr thun (R
X
) v cun dy thun cm (L
X
). Cun dy thun
cm khng c tc dng vi dng in mt chiu nn: R
X
= ) ( 30
2
60
I
U
1
V
O = =
* Khi mc A, B vo ngun in xoay chiu Z
AM
=
2
L
2
X
V
X
1
Z R ) ( 60
1
60
I
U
+ = O = =
) ( 3 30 Z 30 . 3 30 60 Z
X X
L
2 2 2
L
O = = = tg
AM
=
0
AM
X
L
60 3
R
Z
X
= =

* V gin vc t cho on AM. on mch
MB tuy cha bit nhng chc chn trn gin n
l mt vct tin theo chiu dng in, c di =
2
V
U = 80V v hp vi vc t AB

mt gc 120
0

ta v c gin vc t cho ton mch.


T gin vc t ta thy MB buc phi
cho xung th mi tin theo chiu dng in, do
Y phi cha in tr thun (R
Y
) v t in C
Y
.
+ Xt tam gic vung MDB

) V ( 40
2
1
. 80 30 sin U U
0
MB R
Y
= = =
) ( 40
1
40
I
U
R
Y
R
Y
O = = =

) H (
3 4 , 0
100
3 40
L
) ( 3 40 Z ) V ( 3 40
2
3
. 80 30 cos U U
Y
L
0
MB L
Y Y
t
=
t
=
O = = = =

3. Bi ton ny trong mch in c cha ba hp kn
V d: Cho mch in cha ba linh kin
ghp ni tip:

i
U
A
M
Ulx
Urx
A
M
AM
60
0
i
A
Ury
U
AB
Urx
Ucy
U
A
M
M
D
U
M
B Ulx
3
0
0
B
30
0
3
0
0
1
2
0
0
A
B
M
Y
a
X Z
*
N
*

26
R, L (thun) v C. Mi linh kin cha trong mt hp kn X, Y, Z t vo hai u A, B ca
mch in mt hiu in th xoay chiu 8 2 cos2 ( ) u ft V t =
Khi f = 50Hz, dng mt vn k o ln lt c U
AM
= U
MN
= 5V
U
NB
= 4V; U
MB
= 3V. Dng ot k o cng sut mch c P = 1,6W
Khi f = 50Hz th s ch ca ampe k gim. Bit R
A
~ O; R
V
~
a. Mi hp kn X, Y, Z cha linh kin g ?
b. Tm gi tr ca cc linh kin.
* Phn tch bi ton: Bi ton ny s dng ti ba hp kn, cha bit I v nn khng th
gii theo phng php i s, phng php gin vc t trt l ti u cho bi ny. Bn cnh
hc sinh phi pht hin ra khi f = 50Hz c hin tng cng hng in v mt ln na bi ton li
s dng n tnh cht a
2
= b
2
+ c
2
trong mt tam gic vung.
Gii
Theo u bi: ) V ( 8
2
2 8
U
AB
= =
Khi f = 50Hz
U
AM
= U
MN
= 5V; U
NB
= 4V; U
MB
= 3V
Nhn thy:
+ U
AB
= U
AM
+ U
MB
(8 = 5 + 3) ba im A, M v B thng hng
+
2
MB
2
NB
2
MN
U U U + = (5
2
= 4
2
+ 3
2
) Ba im M, N, B to thnh tam gic vung ti B.
Gin vc t ca on mch c dng nh hnh v.
Trong on mch in khng phn
nhnh RLC ta c
C R C
U v U U
mun pha hn
R
U
AM
U biu din

hiu in th hai u in tr R (X cha R) v
NB
U biu din hiu in th hai u t in (Z cha
C). Mt khc
MN
U sm pha so vi
AM
U mt gc
MN
<
2
t
chng t cun cm L c in tr thun
r,
MB
U biu din
r
U v Y cha cun cm c t cm L v in tr thun r.
b. f = 50Hz th s ch ca (a) gim khi f = 50Hz th trong mch c cng hng in.

= = =
= = = =
) A ( 2 , 0
8
6 , 1
I Z Z
U
P
I U . I P 1 cos 1 cos
C L
AB
AB

U
M
N
UMN
UMB UAM
A M B
N
MN

27

) ( 15
2 , 0
3
I
U
I
U
r
) F (
2
10
100 . 20
1
C
) H (
2 , 0
100
20
L
) ( 15
2 , 0
3
I
U
Z Z
) ( 25
2 , 0
5
I
U
R
MB r
3
NB
C L
A
O = = = = +

t
=
t
=
t
=
t
=
O = = = = +
O = = = +

Nhn xt: Qua su v d trnh by qua ba dng bi tp trnh by trn ta thy y l loi bi
tp i hi kin thc tng hp, a dng trong cch gii nhng c th ni phng php gin vc
t trt l cch gii ti u cho loi bi tp ny. Phng php ny c th gii c t bi tp d (c
th gii bng phng php i s) cho n nhng bi tp kh ch gii c bng phng php gin
vc t. Ngay c khi gii bng phng php gin vc t th v theo gin vc t trt cng
s cho gin n gin v da vo gin vc t bin lun bi ton c d dng hn.


28

Bi tp p dng:
Bi 1: Nhiu hp khi ging nhau, ngi ta ni mt on mch gm mt trong cc hp khi mc
ni tip vi in tr R = 60O khi on mch c t vo hiu in th xoay chiu tn s 50Hz th
hiu in th sm pha
0
58 so vi dng in trong mch.
1. Hp kn cha t in hay cun cm.Tnh in dung ca t hoc t cm ca cun cm
2. Tnh tng tr ca mch.
Li gii
1) Tm phn t trong trong hp en
on mch gm X v R mc ni tip
V hiu in th sm pha hn cng dng in trong mch nn mch in c tnh cht cm
khng.
Vy trong hp cha cun cm.
* Tm L: Ta c: tg =
R
Z
L
= tg58 ~ 1,6
Z
L
= 1,6.R = 1,6.60 = 96O L =
50 . 2
96 Z
L
t
=
e
~306.10
-3
(H) L = 306 mH
2) Tng tr ca mch Z =
2 2 2 2
60 96
L
R Z + ~ + ~ 113 (O)

Bi 2: Mt on mch xoay chiu AB gm hai
phn t X, Y mc nh trn.
Cng dao ng trong mch nhanh pha t/6 so vi hiu in th gia hai u on mch.
a) Hai phn t trn l 2 phn t no trong s R, L, C?
b) Bit cc bin ca hiu in th v cng dng in ln lt l U
0
= 40V v I
0
= 8,0
A, tn s dao ng l f = 50Hz. Tnh gi tr mi phn t.
Li gii
a)Gi s trong on mch trn c khng c phn t R. Nh vy th X
1
X
2
l hai phn t L, C.
Gi l gc hp vi I U

; tg =
R
Z Z
c L

= = tg
2
t
v l
Theo u bi U tr pha vi e 1 gc t/6
vy mch in chc chn c R (gi s X l R) Y l L hoc C
h) e = 2tf = 2t.50 = 100t (Rad/s)
tg = -
3
1
)
6
( tg
R
Z
C
=
t
= 3 Z
C
= R (1)
A B

29
Mt khc: Z = 5
8
40
I
U
Z R
0
0 2
C
2
= = = + R
2
+ Z
2
C
= 25 (2)
Thay (1) vo (3) 3Z
C
2
+ Z
2
C
= 25 Z
C
= 2,5 (O) R = 2,5 3 (O)
Vy R = 2,5 3 (O) C =
t
=
t
=
e
3
C
10 . 4
100 . 5 , 2
1
Z
1
(F)

Bi 3: Cho mch in nh hnh v

X l hp en cha 2 trong 3 phn t L
1
, R
1
,C
1
ni tip
U
AN
= 100cos100tt (V) U
MB
= 200cos (100tt - t/3) e = 100t(Rad/s) =
LC
1

1) Vit biu thc U
x
theo thi gian t
2) Cho I = 0,5 2 A. Tnh P
x
, tm cu to X.
Li gii
* Z
L
= eL ; Z
c
=
C
1
e
Z
L
= Z
C

LC
1
= e e
2
LC= 1
* 0 U U C L = +
* X L AL U U U + = * X 0 MB U U U + = Vi U
MP
= 2Y
AN
= 100 2
* Ly trc s A, biu din vec t * MB AL U ; U
Xt AOHK ; HK = 2U
2
= 2U
C
HK= 6 50
3
cos . 100 . 50 . 2 ) 2 100 ( ) 2 50 (
2 2
=
t
+ U
L
= U
C
= 25 6 (V)



* nh lut h s sin
o
= =
o
=
t
sin
2 100
2
3
6 50
sin
CK
3
sin
HK

o = 90
0

vect L U (A)
L U AN U
N
C
B A
M
Lr#0
0
AN U
H
t/3
L U
E
C U
K
6
t

MB U
X U
o
(A)

30
AN U cng pha vi
X U hp vi AN U mt gc
X

tg
X
=
2
2
2 50
6 25
OH
HE
= =
X
~ 41
0

U
x
= 14 25 2 . 50 6 . 25 HE OH
2 2 2 2
= + = + (V)
U
X
= U
x 2cos(100tt -

x
) = 25 28 cos (100t -
150
4t
) (V)
2) Ta c G sau:
AN U cng pha vi I AM cha L, U
An
# 0
X cha R
1

V tri : X cha 2 trong 3 phn t R
1
, L
1

C
1
X cha C
1

sao cho Z
L
= Z
C1
Tm li X cha R
1
, C
L

AN U = L U + 1 R 1 C 1 R U U U = +
Cng sut tiu th trn X
P
X
= U
x
I cos
X

= 25
14 . 25
2 . 50
. 2 . 5 , 0 . 14 25
U
U
. 2 . 5 , 0 . 14

AN
= = 50W
ln R
1
: R
1
=
2 2 , 0
2 50
I
U
I
U
AN 1 R
= = = 100O
Z
C1
= Z
L
=
2 5 , 0
6 25
I
U
L
= = 50 3
Tm li: Mch in c dng c th sau
Bi 4: Cho mch in nh hnh v hiu in th gia hai u AB l
U = 100 2 cos (100tt) T in C = F
10
t

Hp kn X ch cha 1
Phn t (Rhoc L). Dng in trong mch sm pha hn t/3 so vi hiu in th gia A - B.
1) Hi hp X cha in tr hay cun cm. Tnh gi tr ca n.
2) Vit biu thc ca dng in tc thi trong mch.
3) Mc thm vo mch in AB mt in tr thun th thy cng sut tiu th trn mch t cc
i. Hi phi mc in tr nh th no. Tnh in tr
0
AN U
L U
C U
MB U
X U
I
N
C
B A
M
Lr#0 C

R
A B
C

31
Li gii
1) V tr dao ng trong mch sm pha hn t/3 so vi hiu in th nn mch c tnh cht
dung khng.
Mch cha C v X (R hoc L). Vy X l in tr thun R
Biu din trn gin vect: C U ; L U ; U (trc gc e )
Theo gi thit tan
R

U 3 U 3
U
U
3
= = =
t
R =
3
100
Z .
1
.
2
1
C
=
e
(O)
2) Vit biu thc dao ng trong mch i = I
0
cos (100tt + )
Tng tr ca mch Z =
3
200
100
3
100
Z R
2
2
2
C
2
= + = + (O)
Cng dng in hiu dung: I =
3
200
100
= 0,3 3 (4) I
0
= I 6 5 , 0 2 = (A)
pha i - pha U = 100tt + - 100tt = = t/3
Vy biu thc cdd l i = 0,5 6 cos (100tt + t/3) (A)
3) Cng thc tnh cng sut: P = UIcos
AB
= U.
y
U
Z
R . U
Z
R
.
Z
U
2 2
= =
y =
*
2
C *
*
2
C
2 *
R
Z
R
R
Z ) R (
+ =
+

P
max
u
min

Li c R
*
.
*
2
C
R
Z
= Z
2
C
= cost y
min
khi R
*
=
*
2
C
R
Z
R
*
= Z
C
= 100 (O)
R = 100 3 (O)
Vy in tr theo 2 phi mc ni tip R
*
= R

+ R
'
R
'
- R
*
= 100 -
3
100
~ 42,3 (O)
Bi 5: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v cha 2
trong 3 phn t R
1
L
1
mc ni tip.
B qua in tr ca mape k vo u ni. t vo 2 u on mch mt hiu in th xoay
chiu c biu thc U = 200 2 cos100tt (V) th ch 0,8A v h s cng sut ca dng in trong
mch l 0,6.
Xc nh cc phn t cha trong on mch X v ln ca chng bit C
0
=
t

2
10
3
(F)
Li gii
R<R
*
A
A B
M
A
C
0

32
+TH2: X gm R v Z
C

Tng t Z
C
= 30 44
C =
t
~
t
=
e
3
C
10
. 56 , 0
44 30 . 100
1
Z
1

* Tnh Z
c0
: Z
C0
= ) ( 20
2
10
. 100
1
C
1
3
0
=
t
t
=
e


Theo u bi : U = 200V
I = 0,8A Z
2
AB
= 200
2
= Z
2
C0
+ Z
2
x
Z
x
= 30 69 (O)
Li c K = cos =
AB
Z
R
= 0,6 R = 250.0,6 = 150 (O)
- Nh vy, on mch X gm R v L hoc R
v C
+ TH1: X gm R v L
Z
1
X
= R+2 + Z
2
L
Z
L
= 30 44
L =
t
~
t
=
e
2
100
44 30 Z
L
(H)


BI TP THAM KHO
Bi 1: Cho mch in c s nh hnh v
u
AB
= u = 200 2 cos100tt(V) .L
O
l mt cun dy thun cm c cm khng O = 30 Z
O
L
;
C
O
l t in c dung khng
O
C
Z = 50O.
X l on mch c cha hai trong ba phn t R, L (thun), C mc ni tip nhau. Ampe k
nhit ch I = 0,8(A); h s cng sut ca on mch AB l K = 0,6.
a. Xc nh cc phn t ca X v ln ca chng.
b. Vit biu thc ca U
NB
= U
X

p s: a.TH1:X cha R,L: R = 150(O); L = ) H (
2 , 2
t
TH2:X cha R,C: R = 150(O); C =
) F (
18
10
3
t

b.TH1:U
X
= ( ) 213 2 cos 100 0, 045)( ) t V t + TH2: U
X
= ( ) 187 2 cos 100 0, 051)( ) t V t +
Bi 2: Cho mch in c s nh hnh v: u
AB
= 100 2 cos100 ( ) t V t
1. Khi K ng: I = 2(A), U
AB
lch pha so vi i l
6
t
. Xc nh L, r
A
C0
B
M
X
N
L0
a
A
B
X
L,r
M
K
Z
AB
= ) ( 250
8 , 0
200
=

33
2. a) Khi K m: I = 1(A), u
AM
lch pha so vi u
MB
l
2
t
. Xc nh cng sut to nhit trn
hp kn X
b. Bit X gm hai trong ba phn t (R, L (thun), C) mc ni tip. Xc nh X v tr s ca
chng.
p s: 1. r = ) H (
4
1
L ); ( 3 25
t
= O 2. a) P
X
= ) W ( 3 25
b) X gm R ni tip C: R = ) ( 3 25 O C = ) F (
5 , 7
10
3
t

Bi 3: Cho on mch AB nh hnh v.
X v Y l hai hp, mi hp ch cha hai trong ba
phn t: R, L (thun) v C mc ni tip.

Cc vn k V
1
, V
2
v ampe k o c c dng xoay chiu v mt chiu. in tr cc vn k rt
ln, in tr ampe k khng ng k.
Khi mc vo hai im A v M vo hai cc ca ngun in mt chiu, ampe k ch 2(A), V
1
ch
60(V)
Khi mc A v B vo ngun in xoay chiu hnh sin, tn s 50(Hz) th ampe k ch 1(A), cc vn
k ch cng gi tr 60(V) nhng U
AM
v U
MB
lch pha nhau
2
t
.
Hp X v Y cha nhng phn t no ? Tnh gi tr ca chng (p s dng thp phn). (
thi tuyn sinh i hc GTVT - 2000)
p s:
X cha R
X
v L
X
: R
X
= 30(O); L
X
= 0,165(H)
Y cha R
Y
v C
Y
: R
Y
= 30 3 (O); C
Y
= 106(MF)
A
B
X
v2
X
v2
a