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Bi 2: T toluen mun iu ch o-nitrobenzoic ngi ta thc hin theo s sau C6H5CH3----+ ( xt,t0)--> A------+Y(xt,t0)--->o-O2NC6H4COOH X,Y ln lt l a, KMnO4 v HNO3 b.

.KMnO4 v NaNO2 KMnO4 ( vit phng trnh h lun nha) Bi 3: Mt hp cht X ( c Mx < 170) t chy hon ton 0.486 gam X sinh ra 405.2 ml CO2 ( kc) v 0.27 gam H2O. X tc dng vi dd NaHCO3 v Na u sinh ra cht kh vi s mol bng ng s mol X tham gia phn ng. Cng thc cu to l a. HOOC-C5H10COOH b. HOC4H6O2-COOH C. HO-C5H8O2COOH Dng 1: Thy phn trong nc. D. HOC3H4COOH c.HNO3 v H2SO4 D. HNO3 v

Dng 2 : to mui v ancol 1. (HA-2007)X phng ha 8,8 gam etyl axetat bng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l 2. (HB-2008) X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l 3. Bi tp 138 (Cu II 38, B ) Cho hai cht A v B c CTPT C4H7ClO2. A + NaOH Mui hu c (A1) + C2H5OH + NaCl B + NaOH Mui hu c (B1) + C2H4(OH)2 + NaCl (HB-2008)Este X (c khi lng phn t bng 103 vC) c iu ch t mt ancol n chc (c t khi hi so vi oxi ln hn 1) v mt amino axit. Cho 25,75 gam X phn ng ht vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l A. 27,75. B. 24,25. C. 26,25. D. 29,75. Cu 4: Cho 2,54 gam este A bay hi trong mt bnh kn dung tch 0,6 lt, nhit 136,5C. NgI ta nhn thy khi este bay hi ht th p sut trong bnh l 425,6 mmHg. thy phn 25,4 gam este A cn dng 200 gam dung dch NaOH 6%. Mt khc khi thy phn ht 6,35 gam este A bng xt th thu c 7,05 gam mui duy nht. Xc nh CTCT v gi tn este, bit rng mt trong hai cht (ru hoc axt) to thnh este l n chc. S: Glixeryl triacrilat Bi 5(Cu IV, 11 B TSH mn Ha hc) Hn hp A gm hai este ng phn nhau, u c to t axit n chc v ru n chc. Cho 2,2 gam hn hp A bay hi 136,5C v 1 atm th thu c 840 ml hi este. Mt khc em thy phn hon ton 26,4 gam hn hp A bng 100 ml dung dch NaOH 20% (d = 1,2 gam/ml) ri em c cn th thu c 33,8 gam cht rn (khan). Xc nh CTPT, CTCT v tnh % khi lng mi este trong hn hp A S: C4H8O2; HCOOC3H7 66,67% - CH3COOC2H5 33,33%; HCOOC3H7 83,33% -

2H5COOCH316,67% Bi tp 6 (Cu IV 33, B ) Cho A l este ca glixerin vi axit cacboxilic n chc, mch h. un nng 7,9 gam A vi NaOH cho ti phn ng hon ton thu c 8,6 gam hn hp mui. Cho hn hp mui tc dng vi H2SO4 d c hn hp ba axit X, Y, Z, trong X, Y l ng phn nhau; Z l ng ng k tip ca Y. Ly mt phn hn hp axit em t chy, cho sn phm chy tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c 2,561 gam kt ta. 1. Tm CTPT v vit CTCT c th c ca A, bit Z l axit khng phn nhnh. 2. Tnh khI lng hn hp axit b t chy. S: CH3CH2CH2COOH; CH3CH(CH3)COOH; CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH (A c 3 CTCT) 0,278 gam hh axi

Dng 2 : to mui v andehit Cu 1: Hai este A, B l dn xut ca benzen c CTPT l C9H8O2. A v B u cng hp vi brom theo t l mol 1 : 1. A tc dng vi xt cho mt mui v mt anehit. B tc dng vi xt d cho hai mui v nc. Cc mui c khi lng phn t ln hn khi lng phn t ca natri axetat. Xc nh CTCT ca A, B. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. Ngoi A, B cn c cc dn xut khc ca benzen cng CTPT v cng tc dng vI brom theo t l mol 1 : 1 hay khng? Nu c vit CTCT ca chng. S: A: C6H5COOCH=CH2; B: CH2=CHCOOC6H5; 10 P khc

To mui v xeton : Cu 1 : cho 19,5g este X phn ng va vi 150ml dd NaOH 2 M thu c m gam mt mui hu c Y,imetyl xeton v nc.Tm gt ca m Dng to 2 mui : Cu 1 : C 0,15 mol hh 2 este n chc phn ng va vi 0,25 mol NaOH v to thnh hh 2 mui v 1 ancol c khi lng tng ng l 23,9g v 2,3 g .tm CTCT ca 2 este trn Cu 2 : 5,52 gam A cha C,H,O tc dng vi NaOH to 2 mui v nc. C cn dd c 8,88 gam cht rn. t chy 2 mui ny trong oxi d to 6,36 g Na2CO3, 4,928 l CO2, 1,8 gam H2O.Tm CTPT A. Bi 1:Mt hp cht hu c c cng thc n gin l C4H4O tc dng va vi dd KOH 11.666 %. Sau phn ng thu c dd Y. C cn dd Y th phn hi H2O c khi lng86.6 gam, cn li cht rn Z c khi lng l 23 gam. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X c th l a. HCOOC6H4C2H5 b. HCOOC6H4CH3 C.CH3COOC6H5 d. HCOOC4H4OH

Dng to 1 sn phm duy nht (este vng) Cu 1. Cho 10g 1 este c cng thc phn t C5H8O2 tc dng vi lng NaOH va , c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 14g mui khan G. Cho G tc dng va vi dd axit long thu c G1 khng phn nhnh. Tm cng thc cu to ca este . Cu 2. Cho hn hp 2 este no, n chc hn km nhau mt nguyn t cacbon phn ng va vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, lm bay hi dung dch sau phn ng thu c duy nht 0,224 lt (ktc) ancol etylic v 3,62 gam hn hp mui c mch cacbon thng. Cng thc phn t ca 2 este l? A. C4H8O2 v C5H10O2 B. C4H6O2 v C5H10O2 C. C5H8O2 v C4H8O2 D. C3H6O2 v C4H8O2

Dng t chy : Cu 1: (CA-2010)Hn hp Z gm hai este X v Y to bi cng mt ancol v hai axit cacboxylic k tip nhau trong dy ng ng (MX < MY). t chy hon ton m gam Z cn dng 6,16 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c 5,6 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 4,5 gam H2O. Cng thc este X v gi tr ca m tng ng l A. CH3COOCH3 v 6,7 B. HCOOC2H5 v 9,5 C. HCOOCH3 v 6,7 D. (HCOO)2C2H4 v 6,6 Cu 2: (HA-2010)t chy hon ton mt este n chc, mch h X (phn t c s lin kt nh hn 3), thu c th tch kh CO2 bng 6/7 th tch kh O2 phn ng (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin). Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,7M thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c 12,88 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 10,56. B. 7,20. C. 8,88. D. 6,66. Cu 3: (HB-2010) Hn hp X gm axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung ha m gam X cn 40 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton m gam X th thu c 15,232 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 11,7 gam H2O. S mol ca axit linoleic trong m gam hn hp X l A. 0,015. B. 0,010. C. 0,020. D. 0,005. Cu 4: (HB-2008)Cho hn hp X gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,4M, thu c mt mui v 336 ml hi mt ancol ( ktc). Nu t chy hon ton lng hn hp X trn, sau hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d) th khi lng bnh tng 6,82 gam. Cng thc ca hai hp cht hu c trong X l A. CH3COOHv CH3COOC2H5. B. C2H5COOH v C2H5COOCH3. C. HCOOH v HCOOC2H5. D. HCOOH v HCOOC3H7. Cu 5: Hn hp A gm 3 este n chc mch thng to thnh t cng mt ru B vi 3 axit hu c. Trong c 2 axit no l ng ng k tip nhau. 1 axit khng no cha 1 lin kt i. X phng ho ht 14,7g A bng dd NaOH thu c hn hp mui v b gam ru B. cho b gam ru B vo bnh ng Na d. sau phn ng c 2,24l kh thot ra v khi lng bnh tng 6,2g. Mt khc, t chy hon ton 14,7g A thu c 13,44l CO2 v 9,9g H2O. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca tng este trong A( cc th tch iu kin tiu chun) Cu 6: Cho 0.1 mol este G1 tc dng va vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c hn hp 2 mui ca 2 axit hu c mch h G2, G3 hn km nhau 1 nguy n t C, u n chc v 6.2 gam mt ancol 4. Bit 2 no, khng trng gng; 3 khng no ch 1 lin kt i v c mch C phn nhnh. t chy ht hn hp 2 mui trn to ra Na2CO3, CO2, H2O.Cho ton b kh CO2 v hi nc sinh ra i qua bnh Ca(OH)2 d th thu c 50g kt ta. Xc nh 1, 2, 3 v 4. Cu 7 : M l hn hp ca mt ru no A v axit hu c n chc B, u mch h. t chy 0,4 mol hn hp M cn 30,24 lt O2 ( ktc) v thu c 52,8 gam CO2 v 19,8 gam H2O. 1. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca A, B, bit rng: S nguyn t cacbon trong A v B nh nhau. Trong hn hp M s mol ca B ln hn s mol ca A. 2. Ly 0,4 mol hn hp M, thm mt t H2SO4 c lm xc tc, ri un nng mt thi gian th thu c 19,55 gam mt este duy nht. Tnh hiu sut phn ng este ha. S: C3H6(OH)2; C2H3COOH; HS 85% Cu 8: (Cu IV 33, B ) Trong bnh kn dung tch khng i cha mt lng O2 gp i so vi lng cn thit t chy v hn hp hi hai este ng phn c cng thc CnH2nO2. Nhit v p sut trong bnh lc u l 136,50C v 1 atm. Sau khi t chy hon ton hai este, gi nhit bnh 8190K, p sut trong bnh lc ny l 2,375 atm. 1. Lp CTPT v CTCT ca hai este. 2. un nng 22,2 gam hn hp hai este trn vI 57,8 gam dung dch NaOH 50%. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch B. Tnh nng % ca NaOH cn li trong B. S: C3H6O2; 21,125% NaOH

Cu 9 : (Cu IV 49, B ) Cho hn hp X gm hai este ca hai axit k tip nhau trong dy ng ng l R1COOR v R2COOR. t chy hon ton 20,1 gam hn hp X cn 146,16 lt khng kh ( ktc) (cha 20% th tch O2 v 80% th tch N2). Sn phm chy thu c cho ln lt qua bnh (1) ng H2SO4 c v sau qua bnh (2) ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d. Sau th nghim, khi lng bnh (1) tng m (gam) v bnh (2) tng 46,2 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 3,015 gam X tc dng va vi NaOH, thu c 2,529 gam hn hp mui. 1. Tnh m. 2. Tm cng thc hai este. 3. Tnh % v khi lng ca este trong hn hp X. 4. Tnh khi lng mi mui sau phn ng x phng ha. (C = 12; H = 1; O = 16; Na = 23) S: m = 15,66g; 14,93% CH3COOC3H5 , 85,07% C2H5COOC3H5; 0,369g CH3COONa, 2,16g C2H5COONa Bi tp 10 (Cu IV, 55. B ) un nng 0,1 mol este no, n chc, mch h E vi 30 ml dung dch 20% (d = 1,20 g/ml) ca mt hiroxit kim loi kim M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng x phng ha, c cn dung dch th thu c cht rn A v 4,6 gam ru B. t chy ht lng cht rn A trn th thu c 9,54 gam mui cacbonat v 8,26 gam hn hp CO2 v hi H2O. 1. Vit phng trnh phn ng dng tng qut. 2. Xc nh tn kim loi kim M. 3. Tm CTCT ca este E. S: M = 23 (Na); CH3COOC2H5 Bi tp 11 (Cu IV 100, B ) Cho hp cht hu c A cha cc nguyn t C, H, O. 1. t chy ht 1,88 gam cht A cn lng va l 1,904 lt oxi ( ktc), thu c CO2 v hi nc vi t l th tch VCO2 : Vhi nc = 4 : 3. Xc nh CTPT ca A, bit rng khi lng phn t ca A nh hn 200. 2. Cho 1,88 gam cht A tc dng ht vi dung dch NaOH, sau c cn th thu c mt ru v 2,56 gam cht rn X gm NaOH d v hai mui ca hai axit hu c n chc. t chy hon ton X trong oxi d, thu c hi nc, CO2 v Na 2CO 3. Ha tan Na2CO3 trong dung dch HCl d v thot ra 0,448 lt CO2 ( ktc). Hy vit CTCT ca A (khng cn vit cc ng phn axit) S: A: C8H12O 5 Axit: C2H3COOH, CH3COOH hoc: C3H5COOH, HCOOH Ru: Glixerin

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