B mn Ho - Khoa Khoa hc c bn

Chng 1:

nhit ho hc

1.01 : nh ngha trng thi cn bng ca mt h. Khi no trng thi cn bng ca mt h b bin i? Phn bit
s bin i thun nghch v bt thun nghch.
1.02. Hm trng thi l g? Ni nng U, cng A, nhit lng Q, nhit ng p QP v nhit ng tch QV c phi l
nhng hm trng thi khng?
1.03. Biu thc ton ca nguyn l I nhit ng hc?
1.04. Th no l nhit phn ng ng p, nhit phn ng ng tch? Cng thc lin h gia hai i lng ny?
1.05. Th no l phn ng ta nhit, phn ng thu nhit. Qui c du ca hiu ng nhit i vi hai loi phn ng
ny nh th no? Ly v d.
1.06. Nhit sinh chun ca mt cht?. Nhit sinh chun ca C kim cng bng? Ti sao? nhit chy chun ca
mt cht?. Ti sao ni nhit sinh chun ca CO2(k) bng nhit chy chun ca C graphit? Hy ly v d
phn ng m hiu ng nhit ca phn ng chnh l nhit sinh chun ca H 2O(l) v cng l nhit chy chun
ca H2(k).
1.07. Pht biu nh lut Hess v cc h qu ca n. Ly v d minh ha.
1.08. nh ngha nhit dung mol ng p v ng tch ca mt cht. Cng thc tnh nhit lng cn thit nng
nhit ca n mol cht nguyn cht t T1 n T2 P = const.
1.09. Cng thc Kirchhoff v nh hng ca nht n hiu ng nht ca phn ng?
1.10. Tnh cng ca s bin i ng nhit thun nghch v bt thun nghch 42g kh N 2 300K khi : 1) gin n
t 5 atm xung 1atm.
2)nn t 1atm n 5 atm. Kh c coi l l tng. So snh cc kt qu thu c v rt ra kt lun.
1.11. 25 oC phn ng sau : 2H2(k) + O2(k) = 2H2O(h) ta ra mt nhit lng l 483, 66KJ. Trong iu kin p
sut ring phn ca mi kh trong phn ng bng 1atm v phn ng thc hin p sut l hng s. Nhit
bay hi ca nc lng 25oC v 1atm l 44,01 kJ.mol-1 . Tnh nht sinh chun ca H2O (h) v H2O(l)
25oC v tnh nhit lng ta ra khi dng 6 g H2 phn ng to thnh H2O (l).
1.12. t chy mt lng xc nh C2H5OH(l) P = const = 1atm v 273K trong s c mt ca 22,4 dm 3 oxi ta
ra 343 KJ . 1)Tnh s mol C2H5OH dng, bit rng sau phn ng cn li 5,6dm3 oxi iu kin tiu
chun (273K v 1atm) v tnh nhit chy chun ca ru etylic 00C
o
2) 273K nhit chy chun ca axit axetic l 874,5kJ/mol. Tnh H 298 ca phn ng

C2H5OH(h) + O2 (k) CH3 COOH(l) + H2O(l)

1.13. Cho bit phn ng : CH3OH(l) + 3/2O2(k) CO2(k) +2H2O (h)

H o 298 , s (kJ.mol-1)
C po 298

(J.K-1mol-1)

v cc s liu sau :

CO2(k)

H2O (k)

O2(k)

CH3OH(k)

-393,51

-241,83

-201,17

37,129

33.572

29,372

49,371

o
Co
- tnh H 298 ca phn ng. Tha nhn rng p l khng i trong khong nhit xt.
o
o
1.14. Tnh H 298 v U 298 ca phn ng sau : 4Cgr +3H2(k) + 2O2 (k) = C6H6O4 (r)

H o

298 C
Bit
rng
nhit
chy
ca
Cgr,
H2
(k)
v
C4H6O4(r)
ln
lt
-1
l 393,51; - 285,84 v 1487kJ.mol . Coi cc kh trong phn ng l l tng.
1.15. Phn ng C6H6 + 7,5O2 (k) = 6CO2(k) + 3H2O 300K c Qp Qv = 1245J. Hi C6H6 v H2O trong phn
ng trng thi lng hay hi?

o
o
1.16. Tnh H ca phn ng sau 473 K : CO(k) + 0,5O 2 (k) = CO2 (k) bit H 298 , s ca CO(k) v CO2 (k)

ln lt l 110,52 v 393,51kJ mol-1 v

C po

C po

(J.K-1.mol-1) ca cc cht sau :

(COk) = 26,53 + 7,7.10-3 T 1,17.10-6T2

C po

(CO2k) = 26,78 + 42,26.10-3.T 14,23.10-6.T2

C po

(O2k) = 26,52 +13,6.10-3T 4,27.10-6T2

o
1.17. Tnh H 298 , s ca CH4(k), bit rng nng lng lin kt H H trong H2 l 436 kJ.mol-1, nng lng lin
o
kt trung bnh C H trong CH4 l 410 kJ. mol-1 v nhit nguyn t ha H a ca Cgr l : CgrC(k),

H o 298 , s = 718,4kJ, mol-1 .

Cc gi tr u xc nh iu kin chun v 25oC.

1.18. Tnh s bin thin entanpi chun 25oC ca phn ng sau : CO(NH2)2(r) + H2O (l) CO2(k) + 2NH3(k)
Bit rng trong cng iu kin c s bin thin entanpi ca cc phn ng sau :
o
o
CO(k) + H2O(h) CO2(k) + H2(k), H 1 = -41,13kJ ; CO(k) + Cl2(k) COCl2(k), H 2 = -112,5kJ
o
COCl2(k) + 2NH3(k) CO(NH2)2(r) + HCl(k), H 3 = -201,0kJ

H o 298 , s (HCl k) = -92,30kJ.mol-1, nhit ha hi ca nc trong cng iu kin : H o 4 =44,01kJ.mol-1

1.19. Cho qu trnh ho hi 1 mol nc lng 25oC; 1 at. Bit

Cp H O
2

Cp H O
2

(l) = 75,31 J.K-1mol-1,

(h) = 33,47 J.K-1mol-1. Hhh(100oC; 1at) = 40,668 KJ.mol-1.

Tnh bin thin th ng p ca h trong qu trnh ho hi v cho bit qu trnh c t din bin khng.
1.20. Tnh S trong qu trnh nn ng nhit thun nghch sau v cho nhn xt chung
1) 1mol oxi t P1 = 0,001atm ti P2= 0,01atm
2) 1mol Metan t 0,1 ti 1atm
1.21. Xc nh bin thin entropi trong s chuyn 2g nc thnh hi ti P = 1,013.105 N/m2 v nhit bin thin
t 0oC ti 150oC. Nhit bay hi ca nc H = 2,255 KJ/g v

Cp H O
2

(h) = 30,13 + 11,3.10-3 T J.mol-1K-1 ,

Cp H O

(l) = 75,30 J.mol-1K-1.

1.22. Mt bnh kn 2 ngn, ngn th nht c th tch 0,1 m3 cha oxi, ngn th 2 c th tch 0,4 m3 cha N2. C 2
2

ngn cng iu kin: t = 17oC, P = 1,013.105 N/m2. Tnh S khi cho 2 kh khuch tn vo nhau.
1.23. Tnh bin thin entropi ca qu trnh ng c Benzen chm ng -5oC nu ti 5oC : Hnc = 9906,6 J,
Cp, l ( C6 H 6 ) = 126,65 J.K-1 Cp, r ( C6 H 6 ) = 122,47 J.K-1.
1.24. Tnh G khi nn ng nhit 10m3 O2 t 1,013.105 Pa ti 10,13.105Pa ti 18oC. Coi O2 l kh l tng.
Chng 2: chiu v gii hn t din bin ca qu trnh
2.01 Vit biu thc ton hc ca nguyn l II nhit ng hc. Tiu chun t din bin ca mt qu trnh trong h
c lp l g? Khi no th h t ti trng thi cn bng?
2.02. Ti sao entropi ca mt cht trng thi kh bao gi cng ln hn trng thi lng v ln hn nhiu khi n
trng thi rn?
2.03. Pht biu nguyn l III nhit ng hc. ng dng ca nguyn l ny l g?
2.04. Th no l entanpi chun ca mt cht 25oC?

2.05. Tiu chun t din bin v gii hn ca qu trnh xy ra nhit v p sut khng i l g? ngha vt
l ca G?
2.06. Th ng p chun to thnh ca mt cht l g ?
2.07. Th ha ca mt cht l g? Quan h gia G v th ha ca cc cht trong phn ng nh th no? Ti sao
ni th ha cng l tiu chun xc nh chiu v gii hn ca phn ng ha hc?
2.08. Tnh s bin thin entropi v nhit lng cn thit ca qu trnh un nng 0,5mol nc t -50oC n 500oC
P = 1atm. Bit rng nhit nng chy ca nc 273K = 6 004J.mol-1 ,nhit bay hi ca nc 373K l
40 660J.mol-1, nhit bay hi ca nc 373 = 40 660J.mol-1 . Nhit dung mol ng p

C po

ca nc v

Co

nc lng ln lt bng 35,56 v 75,3J.K-1mol-1, p ca hi nc lng l (30,1 + 10-2T) J. K-1 mol-1.

2.09. Tnh s bin thin entropi khi trn ln 200g nc 15 oC vi 400 g nc 60oC. Bit rng h l c lp v
nhit dung mol ca nc lng l 75,3J.K-1.mol-1
2.10. Tnh s bin thin entropi v G ca s hnh thnh 1 mol hn hp kh l tng gm 20%N 2, 50% H2 v 30%
NH3, theo th tch. Bit rng hn hp kh c hnh thnh do s khuch tn ba kh vo nhau bng cch ni
ba bnh ng ba kh thng vi nhau. Nhit v p sut ca cc kh lc u u iu kin chun (273K
v 1atm).
2.11. D on s bin thin entropi ca cc phn ng sau: C(r) + CO 2(k) 2CO(k) ; CO(k) + 0,5O2(k)
CO2(k) ; H2(k) + Cl2(k) 2HCl (k) ; S(r) + O2(k) SO2(k).
2.12. Cho bit phn ng : C2H4 (k) + H2O (h) C2H5OH (h) V cc s liu sau :
C2H5OH(h)

C2H4(k)

H2O (h)

G o 298 s (kJ.mol-1)

-168,6

68,12

- 228,59

S o s (J.K-1 mol-1)

282,0

219,45

188,72

- Hi iu kin chun ca phn ng ny l iu kin nh th no? - iu kin chun v 25oC phn ng

i theo chiu no? -Tnh H 298 ca phn ng. Phn ng ta nhit hay thu nhit?
2.13.C phn ng V = const : NH4COONH2(r) = CO2(k) + 2NH3(k) V cc s liu sau 27oC :
o

(kJ.mol-1)

G o s (kJ.mol-1)

NH4COONH2(r)
-645,2

CO2(k)
-393,5

NH3(k)
-46,20

-458,0

-394,4

-16,64

- Hi iu kin chun v 27oC phn ng i theo chiu no?

- Nu coi nhit phn ng v So l khng i vi T th bt u nhit no phn ng iu kin chun i
theo chiu ngc vi chiu 27oC.
o
o
2.14. Cho bit phn ng : 0,5N2(k) + 1,5H2(k) = NH3(k), H 298 = - 46181,7J; S 298 = - 99,15J. K-1

C po

C po

-3

-1

-1

(N2) = 27,86 +4,26.10 T (J.K .mol );

C po

(H2) = 27,28 +3,26.10-3T + 0,50.105T-2(J.K-1.mol-1)

o
o
(NH3) = 29.,80 + 25,48.10-3T 1,67.105T-2(J.K-1.mol-1) .Tnh G 298 ca phn ng. v Tnh G 400K

Chng 3
Cu 1 n v ca hng s cn bng KP l ?

CN BNG HA HC

Cu 2 Phn ng 3H2 + N2 2NH3 c H < 0. Vy t c hiu sut sn xut NH3 ln nht ta

nn tin hnh phn ng nhng iu kin no?
Cu 3 Phn ng H2 + Cl2 2HCl c H = - 92,31KJ/mol. Vy t c hiu sut tng hp HCl
ln nht ta nn tin hnh phn ng nhng iu kin no?
Cu 4 Cho cc cn bng sau
1)N2(K) + O2(K)
2NO(K) - 43Kcal

2) N2O4(K)
2NO2 - 13,6 Kcal

3) 2CO(K) + O2(K)
2CO2 + 136 kCal
Hi cn bng s chuyn dch theo chiu no khi
a) Tng p sut ca h?
b) Tng nhit cu h?
Cu 5 Vit phng trnh hng s cn bng KP cho tng phn ng sau

(NH2)CO(ONH4)(R)
2NH3(K) + CO2(K)

1/2(NH2)CO(ONH4)(R)
NH3(K) + 1/2CO2(K)

2NH3(K) + CO2(K)
(NH2)CO(ONH4)(R)
Quan h gia cc Kp ca ba phn ng trn nh th no?

Cu 6 Cn bng ca phn ng NH4HS(R)

NH3(K) + H2S(K) c thit lp 2000C trong mt
th tch V. Phn ng cho l thu nhit. Cho bit p sut ring phn cu NH3 s tng, gim hay khng
thay i khi cn bng c ti lp sau khi:
a. Thm NH3
b. Thm H2S
c. Thm NH4HS
d. tng nhit
e. p sut ton phn s tng do thm Ar vo h
f. Th tch tng ti 2V
Cu 7 Cho cc phn ng sau

1)N2(K) + O2(K)
2NO(K)

2) N2O4(K)
2NO2

3) 2CO(K) + O2(K)
2CO2

4) 3H2(K) + N2(K)
2NH3(K)

5) H2(K) + Cl2(K)
2HCl(K)
Phn ng no c KP = KC= KN?

Cu 8 Xt phn ng Cgr + CO2(K)

2CO(K) 1000K c KP = 1,35. Vy 1000K phn ng c
KC l bao nhiu?
Cu 9 Xt phn ng din ra trong th tch bng 1(l)
N2O4(K) 2NO2(K)
Ban u c0,02mol N2O4(K) lc cn bng c 0,015mol N2O4(K). Vy KP ca phn ng l?
Cu 10 Vit biu thc tnh hng s cn bng KP v KC cho cc phn ng sau
2CO2(K)
1) 2CO(K) + O2(K)

2) 3H2(K) + N2(K)
2NH3(K)

3) C(R) + CO2(K)
2CO(K)
2Fe(R) + 3CO2(K)
4) Fe2O3(R) + 3CO
CaCl2(L) + CO2(K) + H2O(L)
5)CaCO3(R) + 2HCl(L)
Cu 11 Gi s c cc phn ng cn bng
A B
K = 2,0

B C

K = 0,01

Vy gi tr K ca phn ng 2C
2A l ?
0
Cu 12 Cho G298,S ( NH 3 ) l: -16,64 KJ/mol

Vy phn ng: N2 + 3H2

2NH3 c KP l?

Cu 13 Cho phn ng: 2CO(K) + O2(K)

2CO2(K). Mi lin h gia KP v KC 250C l?

Cu 14 Cho phn ng: CO(K) + H2O(h)

CO2(K) + H2(K) c KP1 = a

CO2(K) + Cgr
2CO(K)

c KP2 = b

Vy phn ng: Cgr + H2O(h)

CO(K) + H2(K)
C hng s cn bng KP l?

Cu 15 8500C phn ng: H2O(K) + CO(K)

H2(K) + CO2(K) c KP = 1
nhit nu trn hn hp gm 2 mol CO vi 3 mol H2O v 3 mol CO2 v 3 mol H2 vo bnh
dung tch 20(l) th phn ng s xy ra theo chiu no?

Cu 16 4000C phn ng: N2(K) + 3H2(K)

2NH3(K) c KP = 1,64.10-4. Vy cng nhit trn
1
3

N2(K) + H2(K)
NH3(K) c KC bng bao nhiu?
2
2

Cu 17 Hng s cn bng ca phn ng: CO(K) + H2(K)

CO2(K) + H2(K)

phn ng

690K bng 10. Vy hng s cn bng ca phn ng trn 800K l bao nhiu (bit H0 =
-42,676KJ, coi H0 khng ph thuc vo nhit )
Cu 18 Vi mt phn ng cho hng s cn bng KC ph thuc vo yu t no?
Cu 20 Ti mt nhit xc nh, phn ng

2A(K)
B(K) c hng s cn bng l 0,25. Cho

nng ban u ca A l 4M. Vy nng cc cht ti trng thi cn bng l bao nhiu?

Cu 21 Phn ng N2(K) + 3H2(K)

2NH3(K) c tin hnh trong mt bnh kn nhit khng
i. Nng ban u ca N2 v H2 ln lt l 2M v 6M.Cn bng t c khi 10% lng N2 phn
ng. hy cho bit p sut trong bnh thay i nh th no so vi p sut ban u ca hn hp kh.
Cu 22 Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng sau khi tin hnh 250C

CH3COOH + C2H5OH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Cho bit phn ng c H0 = - 3,828KJ/mol v S0 = 8,7J/mol.K

Cu 23 Phn ng CO(K) + H2O(K)

CO2(K) + H2(K) 8500C c K = 1. Tnh t l chuyn ha ca
CO nu xut pht t hn hp ng phn t ca CO v H2O 8500C. Nu dng s mol H2O gp 99 ln s
mol ca CO th t l chuyn ha ca CO by gi l bao nhiu?
Cu 24 NOCl b phn hy theo phn ng

2NOCl(K)
2NO(K) + Cl2(K)
Lc u ch c NOCl. Khi cn bng 500K c 27% NOClb phn hy v p sut tng cng ca h
l1atm. Hy tnh 500K
a. KP v G0 ca phn ng
b. p sut ring phn ca tng cht trong phn ng khi cn bng.
c. Nu h p sut ca h xung di 1atm th s phn hy ca NOCl tng hay gim? V sao

Cu 25 Cho phn ng 2HCl(k)

H2(k) + Cl2(k)
a. Tnh hng s cn bng KP ca phn ng 2000K, bit rng phn ly nhit ny l 4,1.10-3
b. 1000K phn ng c KP = 4,9.10-11. Tnh H0 ca phn ng, coi H0 l khng i trong khong
nhit xt.

c. Phn ng 2HI(k)
H2(k) + I2(k) c KP= 3,8.10-2 1000K.Tnh KP ca phn ng sau y
1000K


2HI(k) + Cl2(k)
2HCl(k) + I2(k)
Cu 26 Cc hng s cn bng KP, KC, KN, Kn lin h vi nhau nh th no? Chngph thuc vo
nhng yu t no? Ti sao?
Cu 27 C g cn ch khi vit phng trnh hng s cn bng? Ti sao?
Cu 28 Cc phng php xc nh hng s cn bng?
Cu 29 Th no l s chuyn dch cn bng ho hc? Nhit , p sut, nng nh hng nh th
no n s chuyn dch cn bng? Ti sao?
Cu 30 N2O4 phn hu theo phn ng N2O4(K)
2 NO2(K)
270c v 1 atm phn hu l 20%, xc nh
a. H s cn bng KP
b. phn hu 270c v P = 0,1atm
c. phn hu ca 69g N2O4 cha trong mt bnh c V = 20l 270c
Cu 31NH3 c tng hp theo phn ng
N2(k) + 3H2(k)
2NH3(k)

cho bit
N2
0
298,s

H2

NH3
-46,19
192,51

H
(KJ/mol)
S0298 (J/mol.K)
191,49
130,59
Tnh hng s cn bng KP ca phn ng.
Cu 32 Cho phn ng 2NO2(k)
N2O4 c KP = 9,18 250C. Hi cng nhit phn ng i theo
chiu no trong iu kin p sut ban u ca cc cht l
a. PN2O4 = 0,90atm ; PNO2 = 0,10atm
b. PN2O4 = 0,72atm ; PNO2 = 0,28atm
c. PN2O4 = 0,10atm ; PNO2 = 0,90atm
Cu 33 Tnh hng s cn bng 250C ca cc phn ng sau
a. 1/2N2(k) + 3/2H2(k)
NH3(k)
b. N2(k) + 3H2(k)
2NH3(k)
c. NH3(k)
1/2N2(k) + 3/2H2(k)
Cho bit G0 298,s (NH3) = -16,5KJ/mol.
Cu 34 Tnh hng s cn bng 298K ca phn ng
CO(k) + H2(k)
HCHO(h)
Cho G0 298 ca phn ng CO(k) + H2(k)
HCHO(l) bng 28,95KJ/mol v p sut hi bo
ho ca formalehit 298K l 1500mmHg.
Cu 35 Khi nung NH4Cl 4270C, p sut hi ca n l 4560mmHg. 4590C p sut hi tng ln ti
8360 mmHg. Tnh
a. Hng s cn bng KP.
b. S bin i entanpi t do chun G0
c. S bin i entanpi chun H0
d. S bin i entropi chun S0 ca phn ng nhit phn NH4Cl 4270C? Gi s hi tun theo
tnh cht cu kh l tng.
Cu 36 Nhit v p sut c nh hng g ln trng thi cn bng ca cc phn ng sau
1.FeO(r) + CO
Fe(r) + CO2
H > 0
2. N2(k) + O2(k)
2NO(k)
H > 0
3. 4HCl(k) + O2(k)
2H2O(h) + 2Cl2 H < 0
4. Cgr + CO2(k)
2CO(k)
H < 0
5.N2O4(k)
2NO2(k)
H > 0
Cu 37 a.Tnh phn ly ca Nh3 thnh N2 v H2 2000C di p sut tng cng lc cn bng l
1atm v 0,8atm? Cho bit s bin i entapi chun ca phn ng
NH3(k)
1/2N2(k) + 3/2H2(k)
0
G T = 43513,6 - 29,706TlgT - 15,86T (J/mol)
b. Kt qu ny c ph hp vi nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng l satlie khng?

c. Cng bi ton trn nhng p sut bn u l 1atm v 0,8atm.

Chng 4 NG HO HC
Cu 1 Vit biu thc tnh tc cho cc phn ng sau
2CO2(K)
1) 2CO(K) + O2(K)
2NH3(K)
2) 3H2(K) + N2(K)

3) C(R) + CO2(K)
2CO(K)
2Fe(R) + 3CO2(K)
4) Fe2O3(R) + 3CO
CaCl2(L) + CO2(K) + H2O(L)
5)CaCO3(R) + 2HCl(L)
Cu 2 i vi phn ng xy ra theo nhiu giai on th giai on quyt nh tc phn ng l giai
on no?
Cu 3 nh ngha vn tc phn ng, vn tc trung bnh, vn tc tc thi ca phn ng?
Cu4 Bc phn ng, phn t s ca phn ng l g? vit pt ng hc ca cc pau y v cho bit
bc phn ng ca chng?
2ICl + H2 2HCl + I2
c bc 1 theo ICl v bc 1 theo H2
2NO + Br2 2NOBr
c bc 2 theo NO v bc 1 theo Br2
Pht biu nh lut tc dng khi lng?
Cu 5 Ni dung ca thuyt va chm hot ng thuyt trng thi chuyn tip nh th no?
Cu 6 c tnh ca cht xc tc. C ch ca xc tc ng th v xc tc d th?
Cu 7 Ni dung ca quy tc Van't Hoff v nh hng ca nhit n vn tc phn ng. ngha
ca mi i lng trong pt .
Cu 8 i vi phn ng d th th vn tc phn ng ph thuc vo nhng yu t no?
Cu 9 Phng trnh Arhenius biu din s ph thuc ca vn tc phn ng vo yu t no? ngha
ca cc i lng trong pt .
Cu 10 Ti sao khi un than ta phi p nh than ra?
Cu 11 Cho h s nhit bng 2. Vy vn tc phn ng tng ln bao nhiu ln khi tng nhit t
1000C n 3000C.
Cu 12 Xt phn ng: RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH
Ta c:
-Nu tng nng NaOH ln 2 ln th vn tc ban u ca phn n s tng gp i.
-Nu tng nng este ln 2 ln th vn tc tng gp 2. Vy bc phn ng bng bao nhiu?
Cu 13 Khi khng c mt cht xc tc th Ea = 75,312KJ/mol. Khi c mt cht xc tc th
Ea = 8,368KJ/mol. Vy 200C khi c mt men xc tc th vn tc phn ng tng ln bao nhiu ln?
Cu 14 Phn ng t trng thi cn bng th tc phn ng thun v nghch nh th no?
Cu 15 Cho h s nhit bng 2. 200C vn tc phn ng l v. vn tc tng ln 1024 ln th
phi tng nhit ln bao nhiu ?
Cu 16 Th no l cht xc tc, s xc tc, cht kch thch xc tc, cht ng c xc tc, xc tc
ng th, xc tc d th, xc tc men? Khi c mt cht xc tc dng th nng lng hot ho s tng hay
gim?
Cu 17 Ti sao tri ma ng thc n li lu thiu hn tri ma h? Khi ta thc n trong t lnh
th thc n li c lu hn?
Cu 18 Mt phn ng c h s nhit bng 2. Hy cho bit nu 00C phn ng kt thc sau 1024
ngy th 3000C phn ng s kt thc trong bao lu?
Cu 19 Khi tng nhit t 500C ln 1000C tc phn ng tng ln 250 ln. Hi khi tng t 500C
0
ln 75 C th tc phn ng tng ln bao nhiu ln?
Cu 20 Khi tin hnh 100C th mt phn ng kt thc sau 95s, cn 200C th phn ng kt thc
sau 60s. Tnh nng lng hot ha ca phn ng .
Cu 21 nh ngha vn tc phn ng? Th no l vn tc trung bnh? vn tc tc thi?
Cu 22 Nng nh hng ti vn tc phn ng nh th no? ti sao
Cu 23 Th no l bc phn ng? Phn t s ca cc giai on c bn? Khi no phn t s trng
vi bc phn ng ?
Cu 24 Nhit c nh hng nh th no ln vn tc phn ng? ti sao? ngha ca mi i
lng trong phng trnh Arrhenius?

Cu 25 Th no l nng lng hot ho? Mun xc nh nng lng hot ho phi lm th no?
Cu 26 Mt phn ng tin hnh 200C kt thc sau 40s. Hi 600C phn ng kt thc sau bao lu?
Bit nng lng hot ng ho ca phn ng l 125,4KJ.
Cu 27 Khi tng thm 500C cho mt phn ng th tc ca n tng ln 1200ln. Tnh h s nhit
ca phn ng

CU HI - BI TP
CHNG 5 : DUNG DCH
1. H phn tn th l h trong kch thc ca cc ht ca pha phn tn nm trong khong no?
S : 10-7 10 -4 m
2.H dung dch keo l h thng phn tn trong cc ht a pha phn tn c kch thc trong khong no?
S : 10-9 10-7 m
3.H dung dch tht l h thng phn tn trong cc ht ca pha phn tn bng bao nhiu?
4. Nhit lng to ra hay thu vo khi ho tan mt molca mt cht gi l g?
5. ho tan ca mt cht d tan, kh tan coi nh khng tan c quy c nh th no?
6.Dung dch qu bo ho l dung dch nh th no?
7.Th no l hin tng thm thu?
8.Theo thuyt in li hin i th nguyn nhn c bn ca s in li l g?
9.i vi mt cht in li cho trc, hng s in li K ch ph thuc vo yu t no?
10.Khi nim v cht ch th mu?
11.Cn bao nhiu mililit dung dch HCl 0,25N trung ho hon ton 10ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,2N?
S : 8 ml
12.Tnh nhit ho tan ca CaCl2(r) 250C, bit rng nhit , nhit ho tan ca CaCl2.6H2O(r) l 16,9
KJ/mol v nhit hirat ho ca CaCl2(r) thnh CaCl2(r).6H2O l -98 KJ/mol.
S : H0ht = - 81,1 KJ/mol
13. Mt dung dch c cha 36g ng glucor trong 450g nc. Tm p sut hi bo ho ca dung dch
trn 200C, bit rng p sut hi bo ho ca nc nguyn cht nhit ny l 17,5 mm Hg.
S : 17,36 mm Hg
14. p sut hi bo ho ca ete nguyn cht 30 0C l 647,9 mm Hg, cn p sut hi bo ho ca dung dch
c cha 3,1g mt cht ho tan trong 370g ete cng nhit trn l 643,58mm Hg. Xc nh khi lng phn t
ca cht ho tan.

S : 93 .V.C

15. 250C p sut hi bo ho ca nc l 23,8 mm Hg. Tnh p sut hi bo ho ca dung dch 10%
glixerin ( C3H8O3) trong nc nhit trn.
S : 23,3 mm Hg
16. Ho tan 0,645 naphatalen ( C10H8) trong 43,25g ioxan ( C4H8O2) th tng nhit si ca dung dch
l 0,3640C.
Ho tan 0,784g cht X vo 45,75g ioxin th tng nhit si ca dung dch l 0,255 0C. Xc nh khi
lng phn t ca cht X.
S: 210 .V.C
17. Tnh nhit si ca dung dch c cha 9 gam ng glucoz trong 100g nc. Bit kS,H2O = 0,52
S : 100,260C
18. Tnh nhit ng c ca dung dch c cha 18g ng glucoz trong 200 g nc. Bit k,H 2O =
1,86.
19. Ho tan 0,237g S trong 19,18 g CS2 Nhit si ca dung dch cao hn so vi nhit si ca CS2
nguyn cht l 0,1140C. Bit k,CS2 = 2,37. Hi trong dung dch, S tn ti di dng phn t c my nguyn t.
S: S8
20. Dung dch c cha 4,6g glixerin ( C 3 H 8 O 3 ) trong 200g axeton (CH 3 COCH 3 ) si nhit
56,730C. Axeton nguyn cht si 56,300C. Tm hng s nghim si ca axeton ?
S: k = 1,72
21. Mt dung dch c cha 5g NaOH trong 180g nc. in li ca NaOH trong dung dch ny l 80%.
Hi 1000C p sut hi bo ho ca dung dch l bao nhiu. Bit p sut hi bo ho ca nc nguyn cht
nhit l 760 mm Hg.
S: 742,9 mmHg
22. Dung dch c cha 0,85g ZnCl2 trong 125g nc ng c - 0,230C.Tnh in li ca ZnCl2 trong
dung dch ny.Bit k = 1,86
S: = 73,5%
23. Xc nh nhit si ca dung dch KOH. Bit rng trong dung dch c 100g nc ho tan 14g
KOH, in li ca KOH trong dung dch ny l 60% v ks= 0,52.
S: 102,080C
24. Tnh nhit ng c ca mt dung dch c cha 0,05 mol ng trong 100g nc. Mt dung dch
khc c cha 1,12 g NaOH trong 100g nc cng ng c cng mt nhit vi dung dch trn. Hy xc nh
in li ca NaOH trong dung dch ny. Bit k = 1,86
S : t0 = - 0,930C; = 77%
25. Cho dung dch Al2(SO4)3 17,1%. Bit in li ca Al2(SO4)3 trong dung dch ny l 80%.
a. Hi 100 0C p sut hi bo ho ca dung dch l bao nhiu? Bit p sut hi bo ho ca nc nguyn
cht 1000C l 760 mm Hg.
b. Hi dung dch trn si nhit no ?
Bit ks= 0,52.

S : P = 725,31 mm Hg; t0S = 101,320C

26. Tch s ho tan ca AgCl l 1,72.10 -10 250C. Tnh ho tan ca AgCl bng mol/l & g/l nhit
trn ?
S:1,31.10-5mol/l; 1,87.10-3 g/l
27. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau:
a. 0,01 mol HCl trong 10 cm3 dung dch.
b. HNO3 6,3.10-8 M.
c. 8g NaOH trong 1lit dung dch.
d. CH3COOH 10-4M, Ka = 1,8.10-5
e. CH3COOH 10-1 M
f.CH3COONa 10-2 M
g. NH3 10-3 M, Kb = 1,8 . 10 -5
S : a: 0; b: 6,86; c: 13,3; d: 4,46
e: 2,87; f: 8,37; g: 10,1
28. Tnh in li v pH ca dung dch HCOOH 1M v dung dch HCOOH 10 -2 M, bit rng Ka ca
HCOOH l 1,7.10-4. So snh ca HCOOH hai dung dch ?
S: 1 = 1,3.10-2 ; 2 = 0,122
pH1 = 1,89 & pH2 = 2,91
29. C dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M, Ka ca CH3COOH = 1,58.10-5.Hi, cn phi thm bao nhiu mol
CH3COOH vo 1 lit dung dch ca axit gim i mt na ( coi th tch khng bin i khi thm). Tnh pH
ca dung dch mi ny.
S : 0,3 mol ; pH = 2,6
30. C dung dch NH3 10-2M, Kb ca NH3 l 1,8.10-5.
- Tnh pH ca dung dch.
- Nu trong 100 ml dung dch trn c 0,535g NH4Cl ho tan th pH s l bao nhiu ?
S: pH = 10,63;

pH = 8,25

31. Bit ho tan ca PbSO4 250C trong nc nguyn cht l 1,48.10-4 mol/l. a. Tnh tch s ho tan ca
PbSO4 250C trong nc nguyn cht.
b. Khi thm 0,1 mol K2SO4 vo 1 lit dung dch bo ho ca PbSO4 nhit trn th ho tan ca
PbSO4 gim i bao nhiu ln? Bit in li ca K2SO4 trong dung dch ny l 90%.
S: T = 2,19.10-8 ; 609 ln
32. Tnh xem c kt ta BaSO4 hay khng, nu trn ln 2 th tch bng nhau ca dung dch BaCl2 0,01M v
dung dch CaSO4 bo ho 250C.
Bit TBaSO4 = 1,08.10-10 ; TCaSO4 = 6,1.10-5
33. Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M c = 1,32% th hng s in li ca axit bng bao nhiu?
S: 1,74.10-5
34. Ta c dung dch axit H2S phn li theo 2 nc, ng vi mi nc phn li c hng s in li K 1 v K2. Hy
so snh K1 v K2.

35. Nu a vo dung dch ca mt cht in li yu cc ion cng tn th in li ca cht in li s nh

th no?
36. Khi trn 100 ml dung dch Mg(NO)3 1,5.10-3M vi 50ml dung dch NaOH 3.10-5M th c kt ta
Mg(OH)2 to thnh khng? Bit TMg(OH)2 = 5.10-12.
37. Khi thm vo dung dch CH3COOH 0,7M mt lng mui CH3COONa n nng ca mui l 0,6M
ta c dung dch m c nng ca [ H3O+] l bao nhiu ? pH ca dung dch m l bao nhiu? Bit KHA =
1,8.10-5
38. Dung dch m gm 1 mol/l CH3COOH v mt mol/l NaCH3COO c pH = pKHA = 4,74. Sau khi cho
thm vo 100ml dung dch m 10ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M th nng ca mui v axit s thay i nh th
no? pH sau khi cho thm?
39. Tnh xem pH no ca dung dch FeCl3 0,1M th bt u c kt ta Fe(OH)3. Bit TFe(OH)3 = 3,8.1038

.
S: pH = 1,86
40. ho tan ca PbI2 250C trong nc nguyn cht l 1,5.10-3 mol/l.
a. Tnh tch s ho tan ca PbI2 250C trong nc nguyn cht.
b. Mun lm gim ho tan ca PbI 2 150 ln th phi thm bao nhiu mol KI vo 1 lit dung dch bo ho

ca PbI2 nhit trn?

S: TPbI2 = 1,35 . 10-8; 3,67.10-2 mol

CHNG 6 - CC QU TRNH IN HO
1. Nguyn tc hot ng ca pin?
2. Th no l in cc tr ?
3. Th no l in cc oxi ho - kh ?
4. Cng thc biu th nh hng ca nng cc cht tham gia phn ng in cc ln S ca pin ?
5. Gi tr quy c th ca in cc hir tiu chun mi nhit ?
6. Nhng kim loi c th in cc tiu chun nh th no th c th y c hir ra khi dung dch axit
long.
7. Bn cht ca s in phn l g?
8. Th no l s phn cc in cc ?
9. Th no l s phn cc anot ?
10. Th no l s phn cc catt?
11. Th no l th phn hu ?
12. V mt l thuyt, th phn hu bng i lng no ?
13. Th no l qu th ?
14. Qu th ca hiro v oxi ph thuc vo nhng yu t no?
15. Quy lut xy ra trn catot v trn anot khi in phn cht in li nng chy, dung dch nc ?

16. Cch vit k hiu pin ?

17. Hy thit lp mt pin gm in cc hiro v in cc kim loi iu kin chun ch r chiu electron
di chuyn, chiu dng in, in cc m v in cc dng ca pin. Bit phn ng xy ra trong pin.
a. M + nH3O+ = Mn+ + n/2 H2 + nH2O
b. Mn+ + n/2 H2 + nH2O = M + nH3O+
18. Xc nh chiu ca cc phn ng sau v tnh hng s cn bng ca mi phn ng 250C.
Cl2 + 2Br - 2 Cl - + Br2
I2 + 2Fe2+ 2 I- + 2Fe3+
3Au+ 2Au + Au3+
Bit oCl2/Cl- = + 1,36 (v)

; oBr2/Br- = + 1,04(v) ; oI2/I- = + 0,54 (v)

oFe3+/Fe2+ = + 0,77 (v)

oAu+/Au = + 1,7 (v)

; oAu3+/Au+ = + 1,4 (v)

19.Vit phng trnhphn ng xy ra khi in phn dung dch KCl, CuCl2, K2SO4, BiSO4 vi in cc tr ?
20. Thit lp s pin khi pin lm vic xy ra phn ng:
Sn + CuSO4 = Cu +SnSO4
H2 + 2Ag+ = 2H+ + 2Ag
Zn + 2 Fe3+ = Zn2+ + 2Fe2+
Sn4+ + 2Fe2+ = Sn2+ + 2 Fe3+
21. 250C c pin sau : Zn| Zn2+ 1M || Cl- 1M | Cl2 , Pt
Cho oZn2+/Zn = 0,76 (v) ; oCl2/Cl- = 1,36 (v)
a. Tnh S ca pin trn ?
b. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi pin lm vic?
c. Tnh G0 v K ca phn ng xy ra trong pin?
S: E0 = + 2,12(v); G0 = - 409,160 KJ
K = 7,32 . 1071
22. Cho phn ng 250C :
Fe2+ + Ce4+ = Fe3+ + Ce3+
Bit oFe3+/Fe2+ = 0,77 (v); oCe4+/Ce3+ = + 1,61 (v)
a. Vit s ca pin ng vi phn ng trn ?
b. Tnh E0; G0 v K ca phn ng .
S : E0 = 0,84 (v); G0 = - 81060 J
K = 1,73 . 1014
23. Cho phn ng sau:
3Au 2Au + Au3+
Bit oAu+/Au = + 1,7 (v)

; oAu3+/Au+ = + 1,4 (v)

a. iu kin chun, phn ng xy ra theo chiu no?

b. Tnh G0 v hng s cn bng K ca phn ng 295K
S: G0 = - 57.9 KJ ; K = 1,48 . 1010

24. Cho bit th kh chun 250C ca cc cp sau:

oSn2+/Sn = - 0,14 (v) ; oSn4+/Sn = + 0,005 (v)
a. Khi cho Sn tc dng vi dung dch HCl iu kin chun phn ng to thnh Sn2+ hay Sn4+. Vit
phng trnh phn ng.
b Tnh oSn4+/Sn2+ 250C
c. C pin sau iu kin chun: Sn| Sn2+|| Sn4+, Sn2+ | Pt
- Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong pin
- Tnh S ca pin 250C.
- Tnh G0298 ca phn ng xy ra trong pin
S : oSn4+/Sn2+ = 0,15 (v) ; E0 = 0,29 (v)
G0298 = - 55,97 KJ
25. Xt xem phn ng sau 250C: AsO43- + 2I- + 2H+ AsO33- + I2 + H2O
Xy ra theo chiu no pH = 0 v pH = 7
Bit oAsO43-/AsO33- = + 0,57(v) ; oI2/I- = + 0,54 (v)
V [AsO43-] = [AsO33-] = [I2] = [I-] = 1M
26. Bit th kh chun ca cc cp sau 250C
oAg+/Ag = + 0,80(v) ; oCu2+/Cu = + 0,34 (v). Tnh th kh 250C ca:
a. in cc Ag nhng trong dd AgBr bo ho. Bit TAgBr = 6,3.10-13
b. in cc Cu nhng trong dd CuSO4 0,01M
S: a. 0,44 (v); b. 0,25 (v)
27. Cho cc cp th oxi ho - kh sau 250C
oFe3+/Fe2+ = + 0,77 (v) ; oFe2+/Fe = - 0,44 (v) ; oCu2+/Cu = + 0,34 (v)
Hy vit cc phn ng oxi ho - kh c th xy ra nhit trn.
28. Tnh th kh ca cp MnO4-/ Mn2+ c pH = 0 v pH = 5
Bit [MnO4-] = [Mn2+] = 1M
29. a.Tnh th kh ca in cc Ag nhng vo dd bo ho AgI
Bit TAgI = 10-16
b. Ag c th y c H2 ra khi dung dch HI 1M khng ? V sao?
30. Tnh th in cc ca in cc hiro khi p sut kh bng 1atm v tm Pt dng lm in cc nhng vo
dung dch c mi trng:
a. Trung tnh. b. Kim c pH = 13
31. in phn dung dch CuSO4 v NiSO4 c cng nng 0,1M
v [ H+] = 1 iong/l. Trn in cc catot, kim loi no thot trc?
Bit a = 1,23 (v); a = 0,4V ; k 0 ; oCu2+/Cu = + 0,34 (v); oNi2+/Ni = - 0,25 (v)
32. in phn dung dch gm x mol AgSO4 v y mol NaCl vi cc in cc tr m bo sau khi in phn c
pH > 7 v pH <7 th x v y phi nh th no ?
33. Ngi ta thc hin 1 pin gm 2 na in cc trong pin nh sau:

Zn | Zn(NO3)2 0,1M v Ag | AgNO3 0,1M c:

oAg+/Ag = + 0,80 (v); oZn2+/Zn = - 0,76 (v)
a. Thit lp s pin vi cc du ca 2 in cc.
b. Phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong pin nh th no?
34.C pin sau 250C.
Pt | Sn4+ 0,1M ,Sn2+ 0,2M || Sn4+ 0,2M. Sn2+ 0,1M | Pt
Xc nh S ca pin 250C, bit oSn4+/Sn2+ = 0,15 (v)
Tnh [ Sn2+] v [ Sn4+] lc cn bng.
35. in phn dung dch SnCl2 1M vi 2 in cc bng Pt
a. Vit cc phn ng xy ra trn in cc.
b. Tnh S phn cc, bit oSn2+/Sn = - 0,14 (v) ; oI2/I- = +1,36 (v)
c. qu trnh in phn c th xy ra th th phn hu phi nh th no?
36. S ca pin sau 250C bng 0,303V.
Pt , H2| NH4+ 0,1M || H3O+ 1M | H2,Pt
p sut ca H2 2 in cc u bng 1 atm. Xc nh Ka ca NH4+

B mn Ho - Khoa Khoa hc c
bn