TRNG I HC KT-KT HI DNG

KHOA IN T - TRUYN THNG

Hc phn : iu khin logic

Ging vin: ThS. L Th N

Gii thiu mn hc

5/20/2012 2
- S VHT: 3 (2:1)
- i tng: SV ngnh in t truyn thng,
chuyn ngnh in Cng Nghip
- Ti liu hc tp: Bi ging iu khin logic
- Ti liu tham kho:
1. Gio trnh iu khin lgc v ng dng Nh
xut bn khoa hc v K thut-PGS.TS
Nguyn Trng Thun;
2. Cc loi cm bin trong k thut v o lng
MC TIU HC PHN

5/20/2012 3
Sinh vin c kh nng:
+ Phn tch, tng hp, thit k cc mch iu
khin tun t trong thc t nh mch cu trc,
bng ti, vv
+ c hiu cc bn v iu khin cc thit b
in, cc my cng c trong cng nghip
Ni dung mn hc

5/20/2012 4
Gm 3 chng:
Chng 1: C s ton hc
Chng 2: Tng hp mch n
Chng 3: Tng hp mch kp
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 5
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.1.1. t vn
- Trong cuc sng: cc s vt, hin tng thng
biu hin hai mt i lp nhau. VD: Mt vt p -
xu; Nc sch hay bn,

- Trong iu kin KT-XH: thng gp bi ton m
d liu vo ch c th nm 1 trong 2 trng thi i
khng nhau. VD: ng sai; Tt - xu; t - r
- Trong k thut (c bit l k thut in v iu
khin) cc phn t iu khin lun mt trong hai
trng thi tc ng hoc khng tc ng, ng hoc
ct, VD: Rle, cng tc t, vv
- Trong ton hc, lng ha hai trng thi i
lp ca mt s vt hin tng ngi ta dng hai gi
tr 0 v 1; ON OFF; TRUE FALSE; Ct ng
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.1.1. t vn
- Gia th k XIX, George Boole - nh ton hc
ngi Anh xy dng c s ton hc tnh
ton cc hm v bin ch ly hai gi tr 0 v 1.
i s lgc = i s Boole
5/20/2012 6
1.1.2. Mi quan h
gia i s boole
v cc phn t tc
ng gin on
- i s Boole c ng dng v thc hin
rng ri thng qua hnh vi iu khin ca cc
thit b Rle .
- Rle ch c th mt trong hai trng thi quan
st c l tip im ng hoc m v v nguyn
tc khng c hin tng chp chn gia ng v
m.
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 7
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.2.1. Khi nim
a. Bin Lgc
Trong i s Boole, cc bin c gi l bin
Logc nu chng ch c hai gi tr, c trng cho
hai trng thi i khng ca mt hin tng v
c k hiu bng hai ch s 0, 1.
b. Mch logic (Hm lgc)
- nh ngha: Mch logic bao gm s ghp ni
ca cc phn t vt l, nhm thc hin cc quan
h logic xc nh trc.

M ch
Lgc
A
B
C
Q1
Q2
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 8
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.2.1. Khi nim
- Nu Q1, Q2 ch ph thuc vo gi tr cc bin
vo th mch gi l mch logic t hp:
Q1 = Q1(A, B, C); Q2 = Q2 (A, B, C)
- Nu Q1, Q2 cn ph thuc vo trng thi bn
trong t thi im xt th mch gi l mch
logic dy:
Q1 = Q1(A, B, C, t ); Q2 = Q2 (A, B, C, t)
a. Bin Lgc
b. Mch logic
(Hm lgc)
c. Thit b Lgc
+ Thit b logic l cc thit b c hai trng thi
v thc hin nhim v bin i tn hiu.
VD: Rle, Cng tc t c tip im v cc loi
rle khng tip im l cc phn t gin on.

CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 9
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.2.1. Khi nim
1.2.2. Cc php ton
i vi bin Logic
a. Php nhn logic (hi, v, giao)
+ nh ngha: thc hin php tnh hi (gi l
php nhn logic) gia cc bin A, B, C u
vo. Bin ra l: Q = A.B.C
+ K hiu phn t v
& B
A
Q
B
A
Q
( Q = A.B )
( Q = A.B )
+ Bng gi tr
A B Q
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 10
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.2.1. Khi nim
1.2.2. Cc php ton
i vi bin Logic
a. Php nhn logic
(hi, v, giao)
+ K hiu phn t hoc
+ Bng gi tr
b. Php cng logic (tuyn, hp, hoc)
+ nh ngha: Thc hin php tnh tuyn (cn gi
l php cng lgc) gia cc bin vo A, B, C,
Bin ra Q = A + B+ C +
B
A
Q
>1
B
A
Q ( Q = A + B )
( Q = A + B )
A B Q
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 11
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.2.1. Khi nim
1.2.2. Cc php ton
i vi bin Logic
a. Php nhn logic
(hi, v, giao)
+ K hiu phn t hoc o
+ Bng gi tr
b. Php cng logic
(tuyn, hp, hoc
+ nh ngha: Thc hin php tnh ph nh ca
bin vo A.
c. Php nghch o
A
1 A A
A
A
0 1
1 0
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 12
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.2.1. Khi nim
1.2.2. Cc php ton
i vi bin Logic
a. Php nhn logic
(hi, v, giao)
+ K hiu phn t v o
+ Bng gi tr
b. Php cng logic
(tuyn, hp, hoc
+ nh ngha: l mch thc hin hai php tnh
logic lin tip nhau: php nhn, k n l php
ph nh.
c. Php nghch o
d. Php V o
B
A
& B
A
Q ( Q = A.B )
Q ( Q = A.B )
A B Q
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 13
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.2.1. Khi nim
1.2.2. Cc php ton
i vi bin Logic
a. Php nhn logic
(hi, v, giao)
+ K hiu phn t hoc o
+ Bng gi tr
b. Php cng logic
(tuyn, hp, hoc
+ nh ngha: l mch thc hin hai php tnh
logic lin tip nhau: php cng logic, tip theo
l php ph nh
c. Php nghch o
d. Php V o
e. Php hoc o
( Q = A + B )
( Q = A + B )
B
A
>1
B
A
Q
Q
A B Q
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 14
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.2.1. Khi nim
1.2.2. Cc php ton
i vi bin Logic
a. Php nhn logic
(hi, v, giao)
+ K hiu
+ Bng gi tr
b. Php cng logic
(tuyn, hp, hoc
+ nh ngha: L mch thc hin php tnh XOR.
u ra Q s bng 1 khi A v B khng bng nhau
c. Php nghch o
d. Php V o
e. Php hoc o
f. Cng khng ng t
B
A
( Q = A B ) Q
A B Q
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012
15
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.2.1. Khi nim
1.2.2. Cc php ton
i vi bin Logic
a. Php nhn logic
+ K hiu
+ Bng gi tr
b. Php cng logic
(tuyn, hp, hoc
+ nh ngha: l mch thc hin hai php tnh
lin tip: php tnh XOR, k n l ph nh. S
c ga tr l 1 khi A v B l tng ng
c. Php nghch o
d. Php V o
e. Php hoc o
f. Cng khng
ng t
g. Cng ng t
( Q = A B ) Q
B
A
A B Q
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 16
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.2.1. Khi nim
1.2.2. Cc php ton
i vi bin Logic
1.2.3. Cc tnh cht ca php ton lgc
a. Tnh giao hon
Gi s x
1
, x
2
, x
3
l cc bin lgc ta c:
x
1
+ x
2
+ x
3
= x
2
+ x
3
+ x
1
x
1
x
2
= x
2
x
1

b. Tnh kt hp
(x
1
+ x
2
)+ x
3
= x
1
+ (x
2
+ x
3
)
(x
1
. x
2
). x
3
= x
1
. (x
2
. x
3
)
c. Tnh phn phi
(x
1
+ x
2
). x
3
= x
1
. x
3
+ x
3
. x
2
x
1
. x
2
+ x
3
= (x
1
+x
3
).(x
2
+ x
3
) (*)
Chng minh (*) bng bng sau
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 17
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.2.1. Khi nim
1.2.2. Cc php ton
i vi bin Logic
1.2.3. Cc tnh cht
ca php ton lgc
c. Tnh phn phi
(x1 + x2). x3 = x1.x3 + x1.x2
x1.x2 + x3 = (x1 +x3).(x2 + x3) (*)
x
1
x
2
x
3
x
1
. x
2

x
1
. x
2
+
x
3

x
1
+x
3

x
2
+
x
3

(x
1
+x
3
).(x
2
+ x
3
)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 18
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.2.1. Khi nim
1.2.2. Cc php ton
i vi bin Logic
1.2.3. Cc tnh cht
ca php ton lgc
d. nh lut De Morgan
*) Dng n gin
Nghch o ca mt tng bng tch cc nghch o
Nghch o ca mt tch bng tng cc nghch o
V d:

B A B A . = +
B A B A + = .
Ta chng minh tnh ng n ca biu thc trn
bng cch thnh lp bng di y
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 19
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.2.1. Khi nim
1.2.2. Cc php ton
i vi bin Logic
1.2.3. Cc tnh cht
ca php ton lgc
d. nh lut De Morgan
*) Dng n gin
x
1
x
2

1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

+
2
1 x x
1
x
2
x
2 1
x x + 2 1
x x
2 1
.x x
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 20
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.2.1. Khi nim
1.2.2. Cc php ton
i vi bin Logic
1.2.3. Cc tnh cht
ca php ton lgc
d. nh lut De Morgan
*) Dng tng qut
Nghch o ca mt hm bt k s cho mt hm
khc tng ng nu: Thay cc bin trong
hm bng nghch o cc bin n, cc o
bin n thnh cc bin n v i tt c du
cng thnh du nhn v cc du nhn sang du
cng v tr ca n.
V d:


) ).( (
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
x x x x x x x x + + = + +
= + +
2 1 2 1
x x x x
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 21
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.2.1. Khi nim
1.2.2. Cc php ton
i vi bin Logic
1.2.3. Cc tnh cht
ca php ton lgc
e. Mt s biu thc thng dng trong i s logic
1 A + 0 = A 10 A.B = B.A
2 A.1 = A 11 A+ B = A + B
3 A.0 = 0 12 A(A + B) = A
4 A + 1 = 1 13 .B + A.B = B
5 A + A = A 14 (A+ B)(B+ ) = B
6 A.A = A 15 (A + B + C) = ( A + B ) + C
7 + A = 1 16 A.B.C = ( A.B) .C
8 . A = 0 17
9 A + B = B + A 18
B A B A + = .
B B A . A = +
A
A
A
A
A
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 22
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.2.1. Khi nim
1.2.2. Cc php ton
i vi bin Logic
1.2.3. Cc tnh cht
ca php ton lgc
1.2.4. S nguyn l
*) Biu thc cu trc (hm cu trc)
nh ngha: Biu thc cu trc l biu thc cho
bit cu trc bn trong ca h ang xt.
V d:
*) S cu trc
- L mt dng biu din ca biu thc cu trc.
Nhn vo c th thy ngay s ni tip hay
song song ca cc bin lgc.
T biu thc cu trc s cu trc
Ch : Nhn l ni tip
Cng l song song
ab b a ab b a f + + = ) , (
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 23
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.2.1. Khi nim
1.2.2. Cc php ton
i vi bin Logic
1.2.3. Cc tnh cht
ca php ton lgc
1.2.4. S nguyn
l
*) S cu trc
T biu thc cu trc ta c s cu trc nh sau
a b y
a b
a b
V d:
ab b a ab b a f + + = ) , (
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 24
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.2.1. Khi nim
1.2.2. Cc php ton
i vi bin Logic
1.2.3. Cc tnh cht
ca php ton lgc
1.2.4. S nguyn l
*) S nguyn l s dng cc phn t lgc
C C B A B A y ) )( ( + + + =
V d:
S nguyn l sau:
A 1
A
B
A +B
A+B+C
C
1
C
y = (A+B)(A+B+C)C
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012 25
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.3. Mt s khi nim v l thuyt tmt hu
hn
1.3.1. t vn
i vi ngi thit k, h thng iu khin
(HTK) c coi nh hp en. Trong iu khin
hc, hp en c coi nh l i tng nghin
cu: Cn phi xc nh cu trc ca hp en khi
bit c cc tn hiu vo/ra.
HTK
A
B
C
Q1
Q2
Thit b iu khin lm vic theo nguyn tc gin
on th hp en vi u vo/ra xc nh s c
gi l mt tmt hu hn.
CHNG 1: C S TON HC
5/20/2012
26
1.1. L thuyt
i s boole
1.2. Cc hm c bn
Ca i s Logic
1.3. Mt s khi nim
v l thuyt tmt
hu hn
1.3.1. t vn
1.3.2. Khi nim
*) Mch n (t hp):
Mch n l mt tmt hu hn m tn hiu ra
ch ph thuc vo tn hiu vo (hay ni cch khc
ng vi mt t tn hiu vo ch c mt trng thi ra
xc nh).
*) Mch kp (hay h dy):
Mch kp l mt tmt hu hn m tn hiu
ra khng ch ph thuc vo tn hiu vo m cn
ph thuc vo trng thi trc ca h thng .
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 27
2.1. Biu din
mch n
2.1.1. Biu din bng bng chn l
nh ngha:
Bng chn l cho bit quan h u vo v u ra ca
mch n. Nu mch c n bin vo v 1 bin ra th
bng biu din c:
S ct = n +1
S hng = 2
n
+ 1
c im ca cch biu din ny:
- R rng, d nhn, t nhm ln.
- Di dng, cng knh khi bin s ln.
V d 1: Mt mch n c 3 bin vo l a, b, c mt
bin ra l Q. Quan h gia u vo v u ra nh
sau:
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 28
2.1. Biu din mch
n
2.1.1. Biu din
bng bng chn l
Bng chn l:

a b c Q
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 x
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 x
1 1 1 x
Ch : Nhng nh du x l ga tr hm
khng xc nh (c th l 0 hoc 1)
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012
Mch c 1 bin ra
v 4 bin vo, vy
bng chn l c 5
ct v 17 hng nh
sau:
2.1. Biu din mch
n
2.1.1. Biu din bng
bng chn l
Bi tp p dng:
V d 2: T biu thc lgc:
D ABC D C B A D C B A D C B A Y + + + =
Hy lp bng chn l cho mch Lgc trn?
Bi gii
A B C D Y
0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 0
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012
30
2.1. Biu din mch
n
2.1.1. Biu din bng
bng chn l
V d 3: Mt n t hng c yu cu sau: Mt
qut in ch quay khi c du bi trn v lng
bo him. Hy vit bng chn l?
Bi gii
Nhn xt: C 3 bin vo: a, b, c v mt bin ra: Q
Tn hiu vo Tn hiu ra
K hiu ngha K
hiu
ngha
a = 0
a = 1
Qut khng c in
Qut c in
Q = 0
Q = 1
Qut khng chy
Qut chy
b =0
b = 1
Qut khng c du
Qut c du
c = 0
c = 1
Qut cha c lng bo him
Qut c lng bo him
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 31
2.1. Biu din mch
n
Lp bng chn l
A B C Q
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1
T yu cu cng ngh rt ra nhn xt Q = 1 khi tt
c cc tn hiu vo a, b, c u c tn hiu l 1
2.1.1. Biu din bng
bng chn l
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 32
2.1. Biu din mch
n
V d 4:
C 3 loa a vo b khuch i c hai u ra, 1
u l S4, 1 u l S8.
- Nu 2 trong 3 loa cng hot ng th a vo S4.
- Nu c 1 loa th a vo S8.
- C 3 loa cng hot ng th khng a vo.
Hy phn tch tn hiu vo ra v lp bng chn l ?
2.1.1. Biu din bng
bng chn l
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 33
2.1. Biu din mch
n
2.1.1. Biu din bng
bng chn l
2.1.2. Biu din mch n bng hm tuyn chun
ton phn v hm hi chun ton phn
*) Cch vit hm dng Tuyn chun ton phn:
- Ch quan tm n t hp bin m hm c gi tr
bng 1. S ln hm bng 1 cng chnh l s tch
ca cc t hp bin (hay cn gi l hi c bn).
- Trong mi hi c bn, cc bin c gi tr bng 1
c gi nguyn, cn cc bin c gi tr bng 0 th
c ly gi tr o: ngha l x = 1 th trong biu
thc hi c bn s c vit l x v ngc li.
- Hm tuyn chun ton phn s l tng cc hi c
bn (Ton phn v trong cc hi c bn s c
mt ca tt c cc bin vo).
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 34
2.1. Biu din mch
n
2.1.1. Biu din bng
bng chn l
2.1.2. Biu din
mch n bng
hm tuyn chun
ton phn v hm
hi chun ton
phn
V d 5: Cho mch n c biu din di dng
bng chn l. Hy xc nh hm tuyn chun ton
phn?
A B C Q
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
c ab c b a bc a c b a c b a f + + + = ) , , (
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 35
2.1. Biu din mch
n
2.1.1. Biu din bng
bng chn l
2.1.2. Biu din
mch n bng
hm tuyn chun
ton phn v hm
hi chun ton
phn ,
,
,
*) Cch vit hm di dng Hi chun ton phn
- Ch quan tm n t hp bin m hm c gi tr
bng 0. S ln hm bng 0 s l tng ca cc t
hp bin (hay cn gi l Tuyn c bn).
- Trong mi tuyn c bn, cc bin c gi tr bng
0 th c gi nguyn, cn cc bin c gi tr
bng 1 c ly o.
- Hm hi chun ton phn s l tch ca cc
Tuyn c bn
p dng cho VD5: Xc nh hm hi chun ton
phn?
) ).( ).( ).( ( ) , , ( c b a c b a c b a c b a c b a f + + + + + + + + =
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 36
2.1. Biu din
mch n
,
,
,
2.2. Tng hp
mch n
2.2.1. Ti gin hm t hp bng phng php gii tch
*) Vic rt gn hm thng p dng mt s nh l sau
V d 6: Ti gin hm t hp sau:
Bi gii
C B A D C B A BD A C A Y + + = .
) (
) ( ) (
) (
B C D A B C Y
C B C D A C B A B C A Y
C B A D C B A D C A B C A CA A Y
C B A D C B A D B A C A Y
+ + =
+ + + =
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 37
2.1. Biu din mch
n
,
,
,
2.2. Tng hp mch
n
2.2.1. Ti gin hm
t hp bng phng
php gii tch
V d 7: Rt gn biu thc sau
Bi gii
C B Y
C B A B A Y
C C B A B A Y
=
+ + =
+ + + =
) )( (
) )( (
A 1
A
B
A +B
A+B+C
C
1
C
y = (A+B)(A+B+C)C
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 38
2.1. Biu din mch
n
,
,
,
2.2. Tng hp mch
n
V d 8: Mt cng ty cn tuyn nhn vin phi
tho mn mt trong cc iu kin sau:
1. Di 30 tui, trnh vn ho i hc tr ln, sc
kho tt.
2. Trn 30 tui, cha cn tt nghip i hc, sc
kho tt.
3. Di 30 tui, sc kho tt, bit mt ngoi ng
4. Tt nghip i hc, bit mt ngoi ng
5. C sc kho tt
2.2.1. Ti gin hm
t hp bng phng
php gii tch
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 39
2.1. Biu din mch
n
,
,
,
2.2. Tng hp mch
n
V d 9: mt ng c bm nc hot ng
c cn phi tha mn mt trong s cc iu kin
nh sau:
1/ C in, n cng tc Start, Rle nhit khng b
tc ng.
2/ C in, in p khng vt qu 220V
3/ n cng tc Start, Rle nhit khng b tc ng,
in p khng vt qu 220V.
4/ in p khng vt qu 220V.
2.2.1. Ti gin hm
t hp bng phng
php gii tch
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 40
2.1. Biu din mch
n
,
,
,
2.2. Tng hp mch
n
2.2.2. Phng php ti thiu ho hm lgc theo
thut ton
a. Tng hp mch n bng phng php dng
bng Karnaugh
*) Quy lut gp (dn) cc
- Cc trong mt vng gp nhn cng mt gi tr.
- S trong mt vng gp phi l 2
k
(vi k =
1,2,3,... cng ln cng tt v k chnh l bin i tr
trong vng s mt i).
- Vng gp ny phi khc vng gp kia t nht mt .
2.2.1. Ti gin hm
t hp bng phng
php gii tch
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 41
2.1. Biu din mch
n
,
,
,
2.2. Tng hp mch
n
2.2.2. Phng php
ti thiu ho hm
lgc theo thut
ton
*) Cch thc hin ti gin
Mun dng ti gin l dng tng ca cc tch:
- Lp vng lin kt cha 2
k
lin k nhau c cng
gi tr lgc 1.
- Vit biu thc Lgic cho mi vng lin kt va
thnh lp, biu thc l tch ca ch cc bin vo c
gi tr khng thay i trong vng, cc bin trong
biu thc c th l chnh n, nu gi tr ca bin
vng bng 1, hoc phi dng ph nh, nu bin
c gi tr 0
- Cui cng hm ti gin l tng cc cc biu thc
Lgc vng .
2.2.1. Ti gin hm
t hp bng phng
php gii tch
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 42
2.1. Biu din mch
n
,
,
2.2. Tng hp mch
n
V d 10: Hy dng bng Karnaugh tng hp mch
sau:
abc bc a c ab c b a c b a c b a f + + + + = ) , , (
2.2.2. Phng php
ti thiu ho hm
lgc theo thut
ton
2.2.1. Ti gin hm
t hp bng phng
php gii tch
1
c=1 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
b=1
a=1
A
B
Bi gii
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 43
2.1. Biu din mch
n
,
,
,
2.2. Tng hp mch
n
2.2.1. Ti gin hm
t hp bng pp gii
tch
2.2.2. Phng php
ti thiu ho hm
lgc theo thut
ton
a. Tng hp mch n bng phng php dng bng Karnaugh
*) Ch : PP ny dng rt thun tin ti gin ho cc hm
Lgic c s bin t 5 tr xung
Bng gn t hp bin vo cho cc ca bng Karnaugh

DE
ABC
000 010 110 100 101 111 011 001
00
01
11
10
AB
CD 00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
Hm 4 bin
Hm 5 bin
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 44
2.1. Biu din mch
n
,
,
,
2.2. Tng hp mch
n
2.2.1. Ti gin hm
t hp bng pp gii
tch
2.2.2. Phng
php ti thiu ho
hm lgc theo
thut ton
b) Ti thiu ha hm logic bng phng php
Quine Cluskey
* Mt s nh ngha:
- Hi s cp c bn (HSCCB) l tch cc bin u
vo v o bin n.
- Nguyn t ct yu (NTCY) l tch c s bin l t
nht hm c gi tr bng 1 hoc c gi tr khng
xc nh.
- Hm tuyn chun thu gn l tuyn cc NTCY
- Hm tuyn chun ti thiu l tuyn ca cc NTCY
m n c kh nng bao ph ht cc HSCCB. N l
hm c di ngn nht v phc tp b nht.
+ di D th hin bng s nguyn t ct yu.
+ phc tp F l s k hiu ca bin.
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012
2.1. Biu din mch
n
,
,
2.2. Tng hp mch
n
2.2.1. Ti gin hm
t hp bng pp gii
tch
2.2.2. Phng
php ti thiu ho
hm lgc theo
thut ton
b) Ti thiu ha hm logic bng phng php Quine
Cluskey
* Cc bc tin hnh:
Bc 1: M ha cc hi s cp c bn
Quy c: - Bin no nghch o th thay bng 0
- Bin no khng nghch o th thay bng 1
Bc 2: Lp hm tuyn chun thu gn:
- Sp xp cc t hp theo m nh phn theo th t cc
ch s 1 trong t hp tng dn t 0,1,2,... (Bng B)
- Lp bng biu din cc gi tr hm bng 1 v cc
gi tr khng xc nh(Bng A)
- So snh mi t hp th i vi t hp th i+1, nu 2
t hp ch khc nhau mt ct, th kt hp hai t hp
thnh mt t hp mi, ng thi thay ct s khc
nhau ca hai t hp c bng mt (-) (Bng C)
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
2.1. Biu din mch
n
,
,
2.2. Tng hp mch
n
5/20/2012
2.2.1. Ti gin hm
t hp bng pp gii
tch
2.2.2. Phng
php ti thiu ho
hm lgc theo
thut ton
Bc 2: Lp hm tuyn chun thu gn(t):
- T bng C chn ra cc t hp ch khc nhau 1 ch s v c
cng gch ngang (-) trong 1 ct. em cc t hp ny kt hp
vi nhau s c 1 t hp mi Bng D. Cc t hp cui cng
ny chnh l cc nguyn t ct yu ca hm cho.
Bc 3: Lp hm tuyn chun ti thiu: Bng cch Lp bng
- Mi hng s tng ng vi 1 NTCY
- Mi ct tng ng vi mt HSCCB (b qua cc hi c gi
tr khng xc nh).
- nh du * hoc x vo cc trong bng ng vi cc
NTCY bng 1
- Xt tng ct, ct no ch c mt du * th NTCY ng vi n
l NTCY quan trng
- Hm tuyn chun ti thiu l tuyn cc NTCY quan trng
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
2.1. Biu din mch
n
,
,
2.2. Tng hp mch
n
5/20/2012
2.2.1. Ti gin hm
t hp bng pp gii
tch
2.2.2. Phng
php ti thiu ho
hm lgc theo
thut ton
V d 1: Tng hp mch lgic sau:
abc c ab c b a c b a c b a c b a c b a F + + + + + = ) , , (
Bi gii
Bc 1: M ha cc hi s cp c bn
abc c ab c b a c b a c b a c b a c b a F + + + + + = ) , , (
M ha HSCCB 000 001 100 010 110 111
Bc 2: Lp hm tuyn chun thu gn:
Bng A Bng B Bng C Bng D
S
thp
phn
S nh
phn
(abc)
S
ch
s 1
S
thp
phn
S
nh
phn
Lin
kt
T
hp
Lin
kt
T
hp
0 000 0 0 000 0,1 00- 0,2,4,6 - -0
1 001 1 1 001 0,2 0-0 0,4,2,6 - - 0
2 010 2 010 0,4 -00 0,1 00-
4 100 4 100 2,6 -10 6,7 11-
6 110 2 6 110 4,6 1-0
7 111 3 7 111 6,7 11-
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 48
2.1. Biu din mch
n
,
,
2.2. Tng hp mch
n
2.2.1. Ti gin hm
t hp bng
pp gii tch
2.2.2. PP ti thiu
ho hm lgc
theo thut ton
Bc 3: Lp hm tuyn chun ti thiu
* * * *
* *
* *
c ab
c b a
c b a
c b a
c b a
abc
c
b a
ab
ab c b a c b a Ftt + + = ) , , (
C D=3; F=5
T bng D, ta c biu thc ca hm tuyn chun thu gn l:
ab c b a c b a Ftg + + = ) , , (
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 49
2.1. Biu din mch
n
,
,
2.2. Tng hp mch
n
2.2.1. Ti gin hm
t hp bng
pp gii tch
2.2.2. PP ti thiu
ho hm lgc
theo thut ton
* V d 2:
Ti thiu ho hm f(a,b,c,d) vi cc nh (hi c bn) bng 1
l: L = 2, 3, 7, 12, 14, 15; v cc nh gi tr hm khng xc
nh l N = 6, 13
Bi gii
Bc 1 v 2: Lp bng v xc nh hm tuyn chun thu gn
nh sau:
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012
50
2.1. Biu din mch
n
,
,
2.2. Tng hp mch
n
2.2.1. Ti gin hm
t hp bng
pp gii tch
2.2.2. PP ti thiu
ho hm lgc
theo thut ton
b) Ti thiu ha hm
logic bng PP
Quine Cluskey
Bng A Bng B Bng C Bng D
S
thp
phn
S nh
phn
(abcd)
S
ch
s 1
S
thp
phn
S nh
phn
(abcd)
Lin
kt
T
hp
Lin kt
T
hp
2 0010 1 2 0010 2,3 001- 2,3,6,7 0-1-
3 0011 2 3 0011 2,6 0-10 2,6,3,7 0-1-
6 0110 6 0110 3,7 0-11 6,7,14,15 -11-
12 1100 12 1100 6,7 011- 6,14,7,15 -11-
7 0111 3 7 0111 6,14 -110 12,13,14,15 11--
13 1101 13 1101 12,13 110-
14 1110 14 1110 12,14 11-0
15 1111 4 15 1111 7,15 -111
13,15 11-1
14,15 111-
ab bc c a d c b a f + + = ) , , , (
Hm tuyn chun thu gn l:
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 51
2.1. Biu din mch
n
,
,
2.2. Tng hp mch
n
2.2.1. Ti gin hm
t hp bng
pp gii tch
2.2.2. PP ti thiu
ho hm lgc
theo thut ton
b) Ti thiu ha hm
logic bng PP
Quine Cluskey
- Bc 3: Lp hm tuyn chun ti thiu
Ta c bng sau
2 3 7 12 14 15
(x) (x) x
bc
x x x
ab
(x) x x
c a
d c b a cd b a
bcd a d c ab d abc abcd
Nhn vo bng ta c hm tuyn chun ti thiu l:
c a ab d c b a Ftt + = ) . . . (
CHNG 2. TNG HP MCH N
5/20/2012 52
2.1. Biu din mch
n
,
,
2.2. Tng hp mch
n
2.2.1. Ti gin hm
t hp bng
pp gii tch
2.2.2. PP ti thiu
ho hm lgc
theo thut ton
* V d 3: Tng hp mch n sau theo phng
php Quine - Cluskey:
y z x z y x xyz z y x z y x f ) ( ) , , ( + + + + =
z xy z y x xyz z y x z y x f + + + + = ) ( ) , , (
* V d 4: Hy tng hp mch sau bng 3 PP: gii
tch, ccn, v Quine Cluskey.
yz x z y x z y x z y x xyz z y x f + + + + = ) , , (
KIM TRA
5/20/2012 53
,
,
Cu 1:
Tng hp mch n sau theo phng php Quine - Cluskey:
z xy z y x xyz z y x z y x f + + + + = ) ( ) , , (
Cu 2:
Hy tng hp mch sau bng 3 PP: gii tch, ccn, v Quine
yz x z y x z y x z y x xyz z y x f + + + + = ) , , (
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
,
,
3.1. Phng php
gii tch
3.1.1. Khi nim
5/20/2012 54
- Cc thit b hot ng theo nguyn tc gin on, gi
tr logic khng ch ph thuc vo tng hp bin m cn
ph thuc vo min thi gian m n hot ng. (Ngha
l, nhng thi im khc nhau vi cng mt t hp
bin vo, hm logic c th cho nhng gi tr khc nhau)
Do , thi gian cng l mt bin tc ng vo h iu
khin v t hp bin vo X c th coi l tp cc tn
hiu vo x
i
v thi gian t:
X = { x
1
, x
2
, , t}
Khi : y = f(x
1
, x
2
, , t) c gi hm Boole thi gian
kho st n ta ch cn kho st trong khong thi
gian m h khng thay i trng thi (t=1)
y = f(x1, x2, , 1)
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
,
,
3.1. Phng php
gii tch
3.1.1. Khi nim
- Mch kp l mch m tn hiu ra khng ch ph
thuc tn hiu vo m cn ph thuc vo trng thi
trc ca chnh h thng .
5/20/2012 55
- Nu s khong thi gian gy ra chuyn trng thi ca
h l K th t hp bin ca h ti K.2
n
(n s bin vo
khng ph thuc vo thi gian).
- Nu gi khong thi gian l t vi (K 1) t 0 th
khi :
y = f(x
1
, x
2
, , t)
KL: Nhng hm logic biu din di quan h thi gian
v quan h th t c gi mch kp.
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
,
,
3.1. Phng php
gii tch
3.1.1. Khi nim
5/20/2012 56
- Nu s khong thi gian l k vi 0 t
i
t (k 1) th
hm logic tng qut xt trong ton min thi gian s l:
f(x
1
, x
2
, , t) = f
0
. t
0
+ f
1
. t
1
+ + f
k-1
. t
k-1
(3.1)
3.1.2. Cc bc thc hin
Biu thc (3.1) trn f
i
l biu thc logic ca hm f(x
1
, x
2
,
, x
n
) trong khong thi gian t
i
vi 0 i (k -1)
V d 3.1: Tng hp hm logic cho bng sau:
x
1
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
x
2
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
t t
0
t
0
t
0
t
0
t
1
t
1
t
1
t
1

f 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
,
,
3.1. Phng php
gii tch
3.1.1. Khi nim
5/20/2012 57
3.1.2. Cc bc
thc hin
V d 3.1: Tng hp hm logic cho bng sau:
x
1
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
x
2
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
t t
0
t
0
t
0
t
0
t
1
t
1
t
1
t
1

f 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
T biu thc (3.1) ta c:
f = f
0
. t
0
+ f
1
. t
1

Trong :
f
0
=

+
2 1 2 1
. . x x x x
f
1
= x
1
.x
2

Bi gii
Vy hm logic cho trong bng c biu din chung cho ton
b min thi gian ang xt l:


f = (

+
2 1 2 1
. . x x x x ).t
0
+ x
1
.x
2
.t
1

CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 58
,
,
3.2. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2.1. Biu din mch kp bng bng chuyn trng thi
- Bng chuyn trng thi l bng m t qu trnh
chuyn i trng thi, bao gm :
Gi s h iu khin c:
+ n : bin vo (l cc tn hiu iu khin t ngi vn
hnh, ca thit b chng trnh hoc cc tn hiu
pht ra ca cc thit b cng ngh)
+ m : bin ra (l tn hiu kt qu ca qu trnh iu
khin v c ghi ct u ra)
+ k : s trng thi trong cn c ca h
Th bng chuyn trng thi c: (k+1) s hng
v (2
n
+ m + 1) s ct
3.1. Phng php
gii tch
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
,
,
3.2. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2.1. Biu din
mch kp bng bng
chuyn trng thi
5/20/2012 59
3.1. Phng php
gii tch
Trng
thi
Tn hiu vo Tn hiu ra
x1 x2 ... Y1 Y2
k1
k2
...
Ch : - Cc giao nhau ca mt bin vo v cc
hng trng thi s ghi trng thi ca mch.
- Nu mt trng thi c tn trng thi mch
trng vi tn hng th l trng thi n nh (trng
thi bn vng). Nu trng thi khng trng vi tn
hng th l trng thi khng n nh (khng bn
vng).
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
,
,
3.2. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2.1. Biu din
mch kp bng bng
chuyn trng thi
5/20/2012 60
3.1. Phng php
gii tch
3.2.2. Tng hp mch kp theo phng php
bng chuyn trng thi
Cc bc thc hin:
Bc1: Phn tch tn hiu vo/ra v lp Graph
chuyn trng thi ca h
Bc2: Thnh lp bng chuyn trng thi (Din t cc
yu cu cng ngh thnh k hiu kiu bng)
Bc 3: Thnh lp bng trng thi rt gn
Bc 4: Xc nh bin trung gian v tm hm lgc
Bc 5: Tm hm lgc ca cc bin ra khi c mt
ca cc bin trung gian
Bc 6: Lp s iu khin v s ng lc
Bc 7: Thuyt minh h s iu khin cng ngh
cho
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
,
,
3.2. PP bng trng
thi
3.2.1. Biu din
mch kp bng bng
chuyn trng thi
5/20/2012 61
3.1. PP gii tch
3.2.2. Tng hp
mch kp theo PP
bng chuyn trng
thi
V d p dng
V d 3.2: Hy thit k h thng iu khin cu trc
theo yu cu cng ngh sau bng phng php bng
trng thi.
A
X
B
C
L
P
T
m
a1
ao
bo
b1
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
,
,
3.2. PP bng trng
thi
3.2.1. Biu din
mch kp bng bng
chuyn trng thi
62
3.1. PP gii tch
3.2.2. Tng hp
mch kp theo PP
bng chuyn trng
thi
A
X
B
C
L
P
T
m
a1
ao
bo
b1
Bi gii
Bc 1: Phn tch tn hiu vo/ra
a
0
: l tn hiu bo trng thi chuyn ng i xung
a
1
: L tn hiu bo trng thi chuyn ng i ln
b
0
: l tn hiu bo trng thi chuyn ng sang phi
b
1
: L tn hiu bo trng thi chuyn ng sang tri
Ch : X v L; P v T l cc cp qu trnh i ngc
nhau. Tc l nu c X th khng c L, nu c P th khng
c T v ngc li.
n gin chng ta c th coi:
a = 0 ng vi a
0
a = 1 ng vi a
1
b = 0 ng vi b
0
b = 1 ng vi b
1
Vy tn hiu vo ch cn l a v b.
- C 4 tn hiu vo l :
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 63
,
,
- C 4 tn hiu ra :
X : c cu i xung
P : c cu sang phi
L : c cu i ln
T : c cu sang tri
- Graph chuyn trng thi c vit nh sau :
Tn hiu vo
Tn hiu ra XLPT
ab
;
00
1000
10
0100
; ;
00
0010
;
01
0001
4 1 2 3
A
X
B
C
L
P
T
m
a1
ao
bo
b1
3.2. PP bng trng
thi
3.2.1. Biu din
mch kp bng bng
chuyn trng thi
3.1. PP gii tch
3.2.2. Tng hp
mch kp theo PP
bng chuyn trng
thi
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
,
,
A
X
B
C
L
P
T
m
a1
ao
bo
b1
5/20/2012
3.2. PP bng trng
thi
3.2.1. Biu din
mch kp bng bng
chuyn trng thi
3.1. PP gii tch
3.2.2. Tng hp
mch kp theo PP
bng chuyn trng
thi
Bc 2: Thnh lp bng chuyn trng thi
- S ct = s t hp bin vo+ s bin ra +1
= 2
2
+ 4 + 1 = 9 (ct)
- S hng =s trng thi + 1= 4 +1 = 5 (hng)
Vy ta c bng chuyn trng thi nh sau
Trng th i
Bin vo Bin ra
a
b
1
2
3
4
1
3
4
2
2
3
4
1
X L P T
1
0 1
1
1
0 0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0 0
0
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
,
,
A
X
B
C
L
P
T
m
a1
ao
bo
b1
5/20/2012
3.2. PP bng trng
thi
3.2.1. Biu din
mch kp bng bng
chuyn trng thi
3.1. PP gii tch
3.2.2. Tng hp
mch kp theo PP
bng chuyn trng
thi
Bc 3 : Thnh lp bng trng thi rt gn
Nguyn tc rt gn : Hai hng tng ng nhau
th rt gn li thnh 1 hng. Hai hng c gi l
tng ng khi c s trng thi v kt qu u ra
nh nhau hoc c th suy ra c nhau.
b
4
4
3
1 1
2
2
a
Bin vo
Trng th i
+ 4
3 + 2
Vy t bng trng thi trn ta rt gn thnh bng nh sau:
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
,
,
A
X
B
C
L
P
T
m
a1
ao
bo
b1
5/20/2012
3.2. PP bng trng
thi
3.2.1. Biu din
mch kp bng bng
chuyn trng thi
3.1. PP gii tch
3.2.2. Tng hp
mch kp theo PP
bng chuyn trng
thi
Bc 4: Xc nh bin trung gian v tm hm
lgc ca n
- Bin trung gian c nhim v phn bit trng thi ra
khi t hp bin l nh nhau.
- X bin trung gian da vo cng thc: 2
Smin
(n-1)
Trong :
+ S
min
l s bin trung gian ti thiu cn;
+ n l s hng ca bng trng thi khi rt gn
+(n-1) l s trng thi ra cn phn bit
- Trong v d trn ta c: n = 3 S
min
= 1.
Vy s lng bin trung gian cn dng l 1 (k hiu
l y). S trng thi cn phn bit l (n-1) = 2 ( l
trng thi i xung X v trng thi sang phi P).
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
,
,
A
X
B
C
L
P
T
m
a1
ao
bo
b1
5/20/2012
3.2. PP bng trng
thi
3.2.1. Biu din
mch kp bng bng
chuyn trng thi
3.1. PP gii tch
3.2.2. Tng hp
mch kp theo PP
bng chuyn trng
thi
Bc 4: Xc nh bin trung gian v tm hm
lgc ca n
- T bng trng thi rt gn, ta c
th m ho bin trung gian nh
sau:
1
y
2
4
3
* Tm hm lgc ca bin trung gian: lp bng
Karnaugh cho bin trung gian:
+ Ghi gi tr ca bin
trung gian vo v tr cc
trng thi tng ng (c
hai trng thi bn vng v
khng bn vng).
a
1
b
y
1
0
1 0
0
y b a y f + = ) (
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
,
,
A
X
B
C
L
P
T
m
a1
ao
bo
b1
5/20/2012
3.2. PP bng trng
thi
3.2.1. Biu din
mch kp bng bng
chuyn trng thi
3.1. PP gii tch
3.2.2. Tng hp
mch kp theo PP
bng chuyn trng
thi
Bc 5: Tm hm lgc ca cc bin ra khi c mt
ca cc bin trung gian.
Ghi gi tr ca bin ra vo vo v tr ca tng trng
thi tng ng v ch quan tm ti trng thi bn
vng.
- Hm xung (X)
y
0 0
0 1
b
a
(X)
y b X f = ) (
- Hm ln (L)
y
a
1 0
0 0
(L)
b
f(L) = a (khng c bin y v y l trng thi khng
cn phn bit)
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
,
,
A
X
B
C
L
P
T
m
a1
ao
bo
b1
5/20/2012
3.2. PP bng trng
thi
3.2.1. Biu din
mch kp bng bng
chuyn trng thi
3.1. PP gii tch
3.2.2. Tng hp
mch kp theo PP
bng chuyn trng
thi
Bc 5: Tm hm lgc ca cc bin ra khi c mt
ca cc bin trung gian.
- Hm sang phi (P)
- Hm sang tri (T)
y
a
0 1
0 0
(P)
b
y a P f = ) (
y
a
0 0
0 1
(T)
b
f(T) = b
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
,
,
A
X
B
C
L
P
T
m
a1
ao
bo
b1
5/20/2012
3.2. PP bng trng
thi
3.2.1. Biu din
mch kp bng bng
chuyn trng thi
3.1. PP gii tch
3.2.2. Tng hp
mch kp theo PP
bng chuyn trng
thi
Bc 6: Lp s iu khin v s ng lc
a
b
a y
L
P
T
b
b
a
Start
Dg
Stop
Dg
y
y
y
X
* u, nhc im:
- D dng
- Di dng, d nhm ln khi tn hiu u vo tng.
- Qu trnh hiu chnh phc tp.
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
,
,
5/20/2012
3.2. PP bng trng
thi
3.2.1. Biu din
mch kp bng bng
chuyn trng thi
3.1. PP gii tch
3.2.2. Tng hp
mch kp theo PP
bng chuyn trng
thi
* V d 2: Tng hp mch kp sau bng phng
php bng trng thi:
m
A
C
P
T
B
L
X
Bc 1: Phn tch tn hiu vo ra, lp Graph
0001
Tn hiu vo
Tn hiu ra 0100
11
1000 0010
00 ab 10
1 3 2
XLPT
; ; ; ;
10
4
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 72
,
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.1.1. Biu din mch kp bng bng chuyn trng thi
3.1.2. Tng hp mch kp theo phng php bng chuyn
trng thi
* V d 2 - Gii
-B1: Phn tch tn hiu
vo ra, lp Graph
00
m
A
10
10
11
C
P
T
B
L
X
0001
Tn hiu vo
Tn hiu ra 0100
11
1000 0010
00 ab 10
1 3 2
XLPT
; ; ; ;
10
4
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 73
,
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.1.1. Biu din mch kp bng bng chuyn trng thi
3.1.2. Tng hp mch kp theo phng php bng chuyn
trng thi
* V d 2 - Gii
-B2,3:
Trng th i
1
2
3
4
4
4
3
3
1
2
2
1
1 0
0 1
1 0 0 0
0 0
1
0
0 0 0
0
Bin vo
a
b
Bin ra
X L P T
Thu gn
2
Trng th i
3 4
1 +
+ 4
2
3 1
3
Bin vo
1
a
b
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 74
,
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.1.1. Biu din mch kp bng bng chuyn trng thi
3.1.2. Tng hp mch kp theo phng php bng chuyn
trng thi
* V d 2 - Gii
-B4:
M ho bin trung gian
3
1
y
4
2
y
0
1
1
0
a
1
0
0
0
b
ay b y f + = ) (
00
m
A
10
10
11
C
P
T
B
L
X
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 75
,
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.1.1. Biu din mch kp bng bng chuyn trng thi
3.1.2. Tng hp mch kp theo phng php bng chuyn
trng thi
* V d 2 - Gii
-B5:
y b T f
b L f
y a X f
a P f
=
=
=
=
) (
) (
) (
) (
00
m
A
10
10
11
C
P
T
B
L
X
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 76
,
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.1.1. Biu din mch kp bng bng chuyn trng thi
3.1.2. Tng hp mch kp theo phng php bng chuyn
trng thi
* V d 3
Tng hp mch kp sau bng phng php bng trng thi
P P
L
X
T
m
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 77
,
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch kp bng phng php hm tc ng
(Dy cc bin c)
3.2.1. Khi nim
Vi cc hm lgc xy ra tun t, cc bin c trong s mch
kp xy ra theo dng thi gian, (tc l theo cc khong thi gian
ni tip nhau). Do vy dy cc s kin c th c m t di
dng mt k hiu hm di y
f = +A(+X, +Y) +B(Y,+Z) B ( - Z, X, + Y) + C ( -Y+T) +
*) ngha ca dy bin c s kin
- S xut hin ca tn hiu A lm cho X hoc Y hot ng
- B xut hin lm cho Y ngng hot ng
*) Ch :
-A, C ch c du (+), l tn hiu dng xung, tn hiu ang c mun
mt ch cn khng cung cp in
-B c c (+), (-), gi l tn hiu dng th c ngha khi ang xut
hin mun mt i th ta phi tc ng
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 78
,
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch kp bng phng php hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.2.1. Khi nim
*) Ch 1
-Ngi ta thng dng nhng k hiu u bng ch ci A, B,
C ... k hiu tn hiu vo
-Ngi ta thng dng nhng k hiu cui bng ch ci
T, U, Z, X, Y ... k hiu tn hiu ra
-Ngi ta thng dng nhng k hiu gia bng ch ci
P, Q, R... k hiu tn hiu trung gian
*) Ch 2
i vi nhng bin vo c du + hoc - ng trc k hiu
A, B, ... ch r tn hiu xut hin hay mt i do cc yu t
iu khin t ngoi (c th do cng ngh)
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 79
,
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.2.1. Khi nim
3.2.2. Cc bc tng hp
Bc 1: Xc nh tn hiu vo ra ca cng ngh
Bc 2: Xc nh im n, im nc i ca h thng
- im n: l im ti ch c mt tn hiu ra
- im nc i: L im ti c 2 tn hiu ra tr ln
Bc 3: Xc nh bin trung gian
2
Smin
n (n l s trng thi cn phn bit ti im nc i)
Xc nh hm lgc ca bin trung gian
Bc 4: Vit hm tc ng cho bin ra v bin trung gian
Xc nh chu k hot ng ca bin ra: Chu k hot
ng ca bin ra l t khi xut hin n lc mt i. Mi
chu k hot ng gm 2 giai on: ng, ct.
Hm tc ng c k hiu:
F(x) = fng (x)
) (x fcat
Bc 5: V s h thng iu khin
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 80
,
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.2.1. Khi nim
3.2.2. Cc bc tng hp
V d p dng
Tng hp cng ngh sau theo phng php hm tc ng
A
X
B
C
L
P
T
m
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 81
,
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.2.1. Khi nim
3.2.2. Cc bc tng hp
V d p dng Bi gii
A
X
B
C
L
P
T
m
Bc 1: Phn tch tn hiu vo ra
-Cc tn hiu vo l: A, B, C thit b in tng ng l cng
tc gi hn hnh trnh. Tn hiu khi ng (m), thit b in
tng ng l nt n
-Cc tn hiu ra l X, L, P, T. Thit b in tng ng l cc
cng tc t X, L, P, T.
Bc 2: Xc nh im nc i, im n
- Ti im A: Gp A ln th nht tn hiu ra l X
Gp A ln th hai tn hiu ra l P
Vy im A l im nc i
- Ti im B, C c mt tn hiu ra nn l im n
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 82
,
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.2.1. Khi nim
3.2.2. Cc bc tng hp
V d p dng Bi gii
A
X
B
C
L
P
T
m
Bc 3: Xc nh bin trung gian
2
Smin
2 Smin 1
Vy cn t nht 1 bin ph (y) phn bit 2 trng thi
*) Hm y xc nh nh sau
-Gi s khi gp A ln th 2, y xut hin c ngha l (y) xut
hin khi bt u gp B v tn hiu mt khi gp C
- Hm tc ng ca bin trung gian (y) c xc nh nh sau:
F (y) = B+y (y: l bin duy tr)
Fc (y) = C

C y B y Fc y Fd y f ). ( ) ( ). ( ) ( + = =
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 83
,
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.2.1. Khi nim
3.2.2. Cc bc tng hp
V d p dng Bi gii
A
X
B
C
L
P
T
m
Bc 4: Vit hm tc ng ca cc bin ra khi
c bin ph y
B x y A X F
B X Fc
x y A X Fd
). ( ) (
) (
) ( ) (
+ =
=
+ =
Vi bin ra X Vi bin ra L
) ).( ( ) (
) (
) ( ) (
y A l B L F
Ay L Fc
l B L Fd
+ + =
=
+ =
Vi bin ra P
C p Ay P F
C P Fc
p Ay P Fd
). ( ) (
) (
) ( ) (
+ =
=
+ =
Vi bin ra T
) ).( ( ) (
) (
) ( ) (
y A t C T F
y A T Fc
t C T Fd
+ + =
=
+ =
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 84
,
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.2.1. Khi nim
3.2.2. Cc bc tng hp
V d p dng Bi gii
A
X
B
C
L
P
T
m
Bc 5: Xc nh s iu khin
y
y t
c
a
p
y
x
y
a
y
a
b
l
a
c
Dg
Stop
Dg
Start
b
t
c
b
p
l
x
y
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 85
,
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.2.1. Khi nim
3.2.2. Cc bc tng hp
V d 2: Tng hp cng ngh sau
bng phng php hm tc ng
m
C B
A
L
X
T T
P
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 86
,
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
Phn bi tp
Hy tng hp cc cng ngh sau theo phng php hm tc
ng (m l nt nhn khi ng)
Hnh c
Hnh a
X
L
P
T
L
X
m
m
C B A
L
X
T T
P
F E D
Hnh d
D B F
C
A
T
P
m
X
L L
Hnh b
X
E
P
X
L
X
L
T
L
X
A
X
B
L
P
T
m
X
L
C
H
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 87
,
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch kp theo phng php Grafcet
3.3.1. Khi nim
Grafcet l t vit tt ca ting Php: Graphe fonctionnel de
commande estape transition c ngha l: hnh chc nng,
cho php m t cc trng thi lm vic ca h thng v biu
din qu trnh iu khin vi cc trng thi chyn bin t trng
thi ny sang trng thi khc, l mt Grafcet nh hng
v c xc nh bi cc phn t sau
G = { E, T, A, M }
Trong :
+ E = { E1, E2, Em} l tp hp m trng thi (giai on) ca
h thng v mi trng thi c k hiu bng mt hnh
vung c nh s
+ T = { t
1
, t
2
, , t
i
} l tp hp i chuyn trng thi c biu
din bng . Gia hai trng thi lun tn ti mt
chuyn trng thi
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 88
V d
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch kp theo phng php Grafcet
3.3.1. Khi nim
G = { E, T, A, M }
+ A = {a1, a2, , an} l tp hp n cung nh hng ni gia
trng thi
+ M = {m1, m2, , mm} l tp hp cc gi tr (0,1) nu trng
thi no c m=1 th trng thi l ang hot ng
(k hiu m+) v ngc li (k hiu m-).
1
2
X
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 89
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.1. Khi nim
3.3.2. Cc thnh phn cu trc ca mt Grafcet
Chng ta c th m t qu trnh vn ng ca mt tmat bng
mt biu tp hp bi cc thnh phn hp thnh sau y:
*) Trng thi (A)
- Trng thi ban u: Vi h dy lun c trng thi ban u
+ L trng thi h bt u chu trnh hot ng
+ K hiu nh sau:
- Trng thi bt k
+ K hiu: bng vng trn n hoc hnh vung n
+ Gn vi trng thi bt k c th c hnh ng ra
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 90
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.1. Khi nim
3.3.2. Cc thnh phn cu trc ca mt Grafcet
*) Trng thi (A)
*) Hnh ng
-Khi nim: Tn hiu hot ng a ra t h thng s lm hot
ng c cu chp hnh, n c th l cc cng tc t, nam chm
in, cc van in t, ng c chp hnh, tn hiu bo ng,
- K hiu: Y:
- V d
Trng thi 1, c hnh ng l Y
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 91
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.1. Khi nim
3.3.2. Cc thnh phn cu trc ca mt Grafcet
*) Trng thi (A)
*) Hnh ng
*) Cc chuyn tip (iu kin)
- Khi nim: Cc chuyn tip l cc iu kin lgic, cc iu
kin ny c trng bng nt gch ngang trn s
2
1
X
- c im: khi chuyn tip tch cc (tc ng) h thng s
chuyn i trng thi
- ngha:X l iu kin chuyn tip t trng thi 1n trng thi 2
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 92
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.1. Khi nim
3.3.2. Cc thnh phn cu trc ca mt Grafcet
*) Trng thi (A)
*) Hnh ng
*) Cc chuyn tip (iu kin)
*) Cc lin h c hng
1
2
X
-Khi nim: L mi tn ch s lin h c
hng gia trng thi vi chuyn tip hoc chuyn tip
vi trng thi.
- th hin s tch cc ca trng thi ngi
ta dng du chm t bn trong trng thi
1
2
X
.
- ngha: Cho bit c hng vn ng ca h thng mng
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 93
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.1. Khi nim
3.3.2. Cc thnh phn cu trc ca mt Grafcet
V d: Cch xy dng cu trc biu
Xt bi ton v d: Bi ton cnh tay my, lm nhim v chuyn
i tng t v tr A n v tr B.
*) Yu cu cng ngh: Ti A xut hin i tng, tay my
h xung kp vt sau nng ln v c chuyn n B, ti B h
xung v nh vt. M hnh hot ng ca h thng nh sau:
A B
t c t d
t a
t b
m ( n t St ar t )
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 94
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.1. Khi nim
3.3.2. Cc thnh phn cu trc ca mt Grafcet
V d: Cch xy dng cu trc biu
*) B tr thit b chuyn ng v cm bin
- Tay my nng ln h xung do ng c khng ng b ko
- Tay my sang tri sang phi do ng c khng ng b ko
- Kp v nh vt th do ng m van thu lc
- Hn ch ln xung ca tay my do 2 tip im tA, tB
- Hn ch tri phi ca tay my do 2 tip im tC, tD
- Nhn bit i tng bng cm bin quang
*) M t chu k hot ng
L: ln T: tri K: kp vt
X: xung P: phi N: Nh vt
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 95
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.1. Khi nim
3.3.2. Cc thnh phn cu trc ca mt Grafcet
V d: Cch xy dng cu trc biu
*) M t chu k hot ng
(tA, tC,PDA, M)
X
tB
(2)
(1)
Kp vt
t1
L
tA
P
X
tD
tB
L
T
(3) (4)
(5)
Nh vt
t2
t1 t2
A B
t c t d
t a
t b
m ( n t St ar t )
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 96
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.1. Khi nim
3.3.2. Cc thnh phn cu trc ca mt Grafcet
V d: Cch xy dng cu trc biu
*) M t chu k hot ng
A B
t c t d
t a
t b
m ( n t St ar t )
*) La chn trang b in
+ CTH: Cng tc t h tay my
+ CTN: Cng tc t nng tay my
+ CTP: Cng tc t chy phi
+ CTT: Cng tc t chy tri
+ M: Nt nhn khi ng
+ PDA: Cm bin quang, nhn bit i tng v tr A
+ VTL: Van thu lc kp v nh vt
+ tA, tB: Hn ch hnh trnh nng, hn ch hnh trnh h
+ tC, tD: Hn ch hnh trnh chy tri, hn ch hnh trnh chy phi
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 97
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.1. Khi nim
3.3.2. Cc thnh phn cu trc ca mt Grafcet
V d: Cch xy dng cu trc biu
*) Xy dng mng Grafcet
,
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
Hthng ngh
0
1
2
X
3
4
5
6
7
8
K
L
P
x
N
L
T
iu kin u
tB.tC
tA.tC
tD.tA
tB.tD
tA.tD
tC.tA
a) Grafcet cho phn thao t c
2
6
8
b) Grafcet cho phn iu khin
tC.tA
7
tA.tD
4
5
tB.tD
tD.tA
3
tA.tC
t1 / 2 /
L
tB.tC
1
CTH
0
Hthng ngh
(tA, tC,PDA, M)
VTL
L =
CTN
CTP
CTH
L
VTL
L =
t2 / 6 /
CTN
CTT
t1
t2
t2
t2
t1
t1
5/20/2012 98
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 99
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.3. Cc quy tc vn ng ca Grafcet
-Chuyn trng thi: H thng chuyn trng thi ny sang trng
thi khc phi tho mn ng thi hai yu t:
+ Trng thi trc ang tch cc
+ Chuyn tip (iu kin) phi tch cc.
Thiu mt trong hai trng thi trn, h thng s khng
chuyn tip c
-Khi xy ra chuyn trng thi th trng thi mi c xc lp v
trng thi c b xo b hot ng. Khi trng thi mt i th hnh
ng gn vi trng thi cng mt i.
a(b+c)=
3
2
1
0
V d
-Khng chuyn tip c do
trng thi 2 khng tch cc
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 100
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.3. Cc quy tc vn ng ca Grafcet
V d
a(b+c)=0
3
2
.
Khng chuyn tip c do iu
kin a(b+c) = 0 (iu kin khng
tch cc).
a(b+c)=1
.
2
3
Chuyn tip c do c trng thi
v iu kin u tch cc
3
2
.
a(b+c)=
0
1
Chuyn tip vt qua, iu
kin a(b +c) khng cn ngha na
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 101
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.4. Mt vi dng cu trc mch Grafcet thng gp
*) Mch phn k OR
2
1
3
t12 t13
Khi trng thi 1 hot ng,
nu chuyn tip t12 tho mn th
trng thi 2 hot ng, cn nu
chuyn tip t13 tho mn th
trng thi 3 hot ng, ta c:
m
2
+
= t
12
.m
1
m
3
+
= t
13
.m
1
m
1
-
= m
2
+ m
3
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 102
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.4. Mt vi dng cu trc mch Grafcet thng gp
*) Mch phn k OR
*) Mch hi t OR
5 4
6
t46 t56 Nu trng thi 4 hot ng v
chuyn tip t46 tho mn th
trng thi 6 hot ng, cng nh vy
nu trng thi 5 hot ng
v t56 tho mn th trng thi 6
hot ng. Ta c:
m
6
+
= t
46
.m
4
+ t
56
.m
5

m
4
-
= m
-
5
= m
6
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 103
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.4. Mt vi dng cu trc mch Grafcet thng gp
*) Mch phn k OR *) Mch hi t OR
*) Mch phn k AND
t7
7
8 9
Nu trng thi 7 hot ng v
t7 tho mn th c hai trng thi
8 v 9 cng hot ng, ta c:
m
8
+
= m
9
+
= t
7
.m
7

m
7
-
= m
8
m
9
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 104
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.4. Mt vi dng cu trc mch Grafcet thng gp
*) Mch phn k OR *) Mch hi t OR
*) Mch phn k AND
*) Mch hi t AND
Nu trng thi 10 v 11 cng hot
ng v iu kin chuyn tip
trng thi t12 tho mn th
trng thi 12 hot ng, ta c:
m
12
+
= t
12
.m
10
.m
11

m
10
-
= m
11
-
= m
12
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 105
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.5. Cc bc thc hin
- Bc 1: Phn tch tn hiu vo/ra, Lp Grafcet
- Bc 2: Dng phn t trung gian c hai u vo l Trig Smicht
thit k mch. Mi trng thi s dng 1 trig smicht.
Trig Smicht l phn t c hai tn hiu vo l S+ v S- v
c mt u ra l S. K hiu nh hnh v
Trigo Smicht
S-
S+
S
+
-
u ra S c th nhn mt trong hai mc lgc l 1 v 0
S = 0 khi u vo (-) nhn gi tr 1
S = 1 khi u vo (+) nhn gi tr 1
C ngha l: S+ = 1 S = 1 tng ng vi trng thi Ei
ang hot ng, nu S- = 1 S = 0 tng ng vi trng
thi Ei khng hot ng.
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 106
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.5. Cc bc thc hin
V d p dng
Dng phng php tng hp mch kp bng Grafcet tng
hp cng ngh sau:
L
X
P
m
T
S cng nghtay m y
A
B
C
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 107
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.5. Cc bc thc hin
V d p dng
L
X
P
m
T
S cng nghtay m y
A
B
C
Bc 1: Phn tch tn hiu vo/ra
+ C 5 tn hiu vo
a: Tn hiu ra lnh sang phi
b: Tn hiu ra lnh i xung
c: Tn hiu ra lnh i ln
d: Tn hiu ra lnh sang tri
g: Tn hiu bo liu
+ C 4 tn hiu ra
P: Tn hiu tay my i sang phi
X: Tn hiu tay my i xung
L: Tn hiu tay my i ln
T: Tn hiu tay my i sang tri
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 108
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.4.5. Cc bc thc hin
V d p dng
L
X
P
m
T
S cng nghtay m y
A
B
C
Bc 1: Lp Grafcet
S1: Trng th i khi u
m g
a
S2: Trng th i tay m y i sang phi P
b
c
b
S3: Trng th i tay m y i xung X
S4: Trng th i tay m y i ln L
S5: Trng th i tay m y i sang tr i T
T mch Grafcet ta c
S
+
1
= S
5
.g + m
(Trng thi khi u hot
ng khi c tn hiu khi
ng m hoc l c trng
thi tay my i sang tri v
c tn hiu liu
S
-
1
= S
2

Trng thi khi u ngng
hot ng khi tay my sang
phi hot ng
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 109
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.4.5. Cc bc thc hin
V d p dng
L
X
P
m
T
S cng nghtay m y
A
B
C
Bc 1: Lp Grafcet
S1: Trng th i khi u
m g
a
S2: Trng th i tay m y i sang phi P
b
c
b
S3: Trng th i tay m y i xung X
S4: Trng th i tay m y i ln L
S5: Trng th i tay m y i sang tr i T
Tng t ta c:
S
+
1
= S
5
.g + m S
-
1
= S
2

S
+
2
= S
1
.a S
-
2
= S
3

S
+
3
= S
2
.b S
-
3
= S
4

S
+
4
= S
3
.c S
-
4
= S
5

S
+
5
= S
4
.b S
-
5
= S
1

CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 110
,
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.4.5. Cc bc
thc hin
V d p dng
Bc 2: Dng Trig Smicht
biu din mch nh sau
S
+
1
= S
5
.g + m S
-
1
= S
2

S
+
2
= S
1
.a S
-
2
= S
3

S
+
3
= S
2
.b S
-
3
= S
4

S
+
4
= S
3
.c S
-
4
= S
5

S
+
5
= S
4
.b S
-
5
= S
1

S1
-
+
m
g
S5
+
S2
-
a
+
-
S3
b c
S4
-
+
b
S5
+
-
RP
D1
+12V +12V
D2
RX
+12V
D3
RL
+12V
D4
RT
RP
RX
RL
RT
P
X
L
T
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 111
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.5. Cc bc thc hin
Nhn xt
-u im: Khng cn phi xc nh bin trung gian,
mch nh gn
-Nhc im: Do mch in tr nn tnh n nh khng cao,
trong thc t t c s dng
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 112
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.3.6. Tng hp mch kp bng phng php kt hp
Hm tc ng v Grafcet
a. Cc bc thc hin
Bc 1: Xc nh mng Grafcet
Bc 2: Xc nh cc trng thi ging nhau v thu gn mng
Grafcet
Bc 3: Xy dng cc trng thi Si: Khi no xut hin,
khi no mt i
Bc 4: Tm ra cc hm tc ng f(Si) tng ng theo cng
thc sau
) ( ) ( ) (
i c i d i
S f S f S f =
Bc 5: V s iu khin
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 113
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.4.6. Tng hp mch kp bng phng php kt hp
Hm tc ng v Grafcet
b. V d p dng
P
T T
X
L
B
m
A C
D
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 114
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.4.6. Tng hp mch kp bng phng php kt hp
Hm tc ng v Grafcet
b. V d p dng
Bc 1: Xc nh mng
Grafcet
P
T T
X
L
B
m
A C
D
A
S2: Trng th i tay m y i sang phi P
C
S3: Trng th i tay m y i sang tr i T
B
S4: Trng th i tay m y i xung X
D
S5: Trng th i tay m y i ln L
m
S1: Trng th i khi u
B
S6: Trng th i tay m y i sang tr i T
A
Bc 2: Xc nh cc
trng thi ging nhau
v thu gn mng
Grafcet
Do v tr 3 v 6
ging nhau nn ta
c mng thu gn
nh sau:
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 115
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.4.6. Tng hp mch kp bng phng php kt hp
Hm tc ng v Grafcet
b. V d p dng
P
T T
X
L
B
m
A C
D
Do v tr 3 v 6
ging nhau nn ta
c mng thu gn
S2: Trng th i tay m y i sang phi
P
S3: Trng th i tay m y i sang tr i T
S4: Trng th i tay m y i xung X
A
C
B
D
S5: Trng th i tay m y i ln L
m
S1: Trng th i khi u
B
A
Mng Grafcet thu gn
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012 116
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.4.6. Tng hp mch kp bng phng php kt hp
Hm tc ng v Grafcet
b. V d p dng
P
T T
X
L
B
m
A C
D
*) Bc 3 v bc 4: Lp hm
S2: Trng th i tay m y i sang phi
P
S3: Trng th i tay m y i sang tr i T
S4: Trng th i tay m y i xung X
A
C
B
D
S5: Trng th i tay m y i ln L
m
S1: Trng th i khi u
B
A
Mng Grafcet thu gn
2 1 3
) . ( ) 1 ( S S A S m S f + + =
3 2 1
). . ( ) 2 ( S S A S S f + =
1 4 3 5 2
. ). . . ( ) 3 ( S S S B S C S S f + + =
5 4 3
). . ( ) 4 ( S S B S S f + =
3 5 4
). . ( ) 5 ( S S D S S f + =
S
+
1
= m + S
3
.A
S
-
1
= S
2

S
+
2
= S
1
.A
S
-
2
= S
3

S
+
3
= S
2
.C +
S
5
.B
S
-
3
= S
4
+ S
1

S
+
4
= S
3
.B
S
-
4
= S
5

S
+
5
= S
4
.D
S
-
5
= S
3

Vy f(P) = f(S2); f(T) = f(S3); f(X) = f(S4); f(L) = f(S5)
CHNG 3. TNG HP MCH KP
5/20/2012
,
3.1. Phng php
bng trng thi
3.2. Tng hp mch
kp bng PP
hm tc ng.
(Dy cc bin c)
3.3. Tng hp mch
kp theo phng
php Grafcet
3.4.6. Tng hp
mch kp bng
PP kt hp Hm tc
ng v Grafcet
b. V d p dng
*) Bc 5: V s
iu khin
S3
m
Stop
S3
S5
S2
S3
S4
S1
A
S1
S2
S2
A
S1
C
S2
S3
S5
B
S4 S1
B
S3
S4
S5
S5
S4
D
S3
S2
P
T
S3
X
S4
L
S5
CHNG 4. MT S S IU KHIN NG C C BN
5/20/2012 118
,
4.1. S iu khin
ng c khng ng
b 3 pha
4.1.1. S m my trc tip ng c khng ng b 3 pha
ap
k
r n
k b
d
m
k
k
r n
3 4 5 1 2
220V / 24V
c c
a b c
CHNG 4. MT S S IU KHIN NG C C BN
5/20/2012 119
,
4.1. S iu khin
ng c khng ng
b 3 pha
4.1.1. S m my trc tip ng c khng ng b 3 pha
* Gii thch cc k hiu:
+ AP: p t mt 3 pha dng bo v ngn mch cho ng c
+ K : Khi ng t, dng ng ct mch in cho ng c
+ RN: L rle nhit, dng bo v qu ti cho ng c
+ D, M: L nt n t phc hi, ngha l khi thi khng nhn nt
na th cc nt n ny tr v trng thi ban u
*) Nguyn l hot ng ca s
-Chy ng c: Sau khi ng AP, ta nhn nt n M, cun ht K
c in, ng cp tip ng lc cp in cho ng c KB v
ng cp tip im thng h 3 - 4 duy tr in cho cun
ht K khi thi nhn nt M
-Mun dng ng c: n nt D ct in cun ht k,
ng c s dng li
CHNG 4. MT S S IU KHIN NG C C BN
5/20/2012 120
,
4.1. S iu khin
ng c khng ng
b 3 pha
4.1.1. S m my
trc tip ng c
khng ng b 3 pha
4.1.2. S m my ng c khng ng b 3 pha bng
phng php i ni Y/A t ng
k Y
22 20 24
k b
16 18
k A
9
k
12 10
r n
4 6
14
k
8
ap
4 3 d
m
5
k A
Rth
k 7
r n
6
k A
k y
k y
Rth
Rth
11
15 13
220V / 24V
c c
0
CHNG 4. MT S S IU KHIN NG C C BN
5/20/2012 121
,
4.1. S iu khin
ng c khng ng
b 3 pha
4.1.1. S m my
trc tip ng c
khng ng b 3 pha
4.1.2. S m my ng c khng ng b 3 pha bng
phng php i ni Y/A t ng
- Nguyn l hot ng ca s :
ng AP, sau nhn nt n M, cp in cho cun ht K, Rth
v cun ht KY c in, khi :
+ ng c s khi ng vi cch mc hnh Y
+ Sau khi ht thi gian t, cp tip im thng ng m
chm (5 - 9) m ra ngt in cho cun ht KY, ng thi cp
tip im thng m ng chm (3 - 11) ng li cp in cho
cun ht ca KA, cp tip im ng lc ca KA ng li,
ng c chuyn sang ch lm vic vi cch u hnh A.
-Tt ng c: Nhn nt n D, cun ht khi ng t K mt in
v ngt in li cp cho ng c
CHNG 4. MT S S IU KHIN NG C C BN
5/20/2012 122
,
4.1. S iu khin
ng c khng ng
b 3 pha
4.1.1. S m my
trc tip ng c
khng ng b 3 pha
4.1.2. S m my
ng c khng ng
b 3 pha bng PP
i ni Y/A t ng
4.1.3 S iu khin ng c khng ng b 3 pha o chiu
k b
ap
r n
k t
d
k t
mt
r n
k t
k n
k n
mn
k n
k t
k n
1 3 2 5 7 9
11
13
c c
220V / 24V
CHNG 4. MT S S IU KHIN NG C C BN
5/20/2012 123
,
-Khi mun ng c chy thun: ng AP, sau nhn nt MT
xy ra qu trnh in t ng nh sau:
4.1. S iu khin
ng c khng ng
b 3 pha
4.1.1. S m my
trc tip ng c
khng ng b 3 pha
4.1.2. S m my
ng c khng ng
b 3 pha bng PP
i ni Y/A t ng
4.1.3 S iu khin ng c khng ng b 3 pha o chiu
*) Nguyn l hot ng ca s
+ Cun ht Khi KT c in, v ng tip im ng lc thng
h KT li v ng c chy theo chiu thun
+ Tip im thng h KT 3 - 5 ng li duy tr in cho
cun ht KT lun c in khi thi nhn nt MT
+ Tip im thng ng KT 11 - 13 m ra ngt in cun
ht KN m bo trong qu trnh ng c ang chy thun th
khng th chy ngc c.
+ Mun dng ng c, hoc cho ng c chy ngc ta nhn
nt D, ng c s dng li ngay.
-Khi mun ng c chy ngc, n nt MN, qu trnh in
xy ra tng t, v ng c s chy ngc
CHNG 4. MT S S IU KHIN NG C C BN
5/20/2012 124
,
4.1. S iu khin
ng c khng ng
b 3 pha
4.2. S iu khin ng c mt chiu kch t c lp
*) S m my ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp
qua 3 cp in tr ph theo nguyn tc thi gian
m c h ng l c
c c
c d
10 11
c c
k
m c h iu k hin
s m m y n g c 1 c h iu q ua 3 c p in t r ph
s ? d?ng ro le th?i gian
16 15
c c
k
c d
k 3
r 3
k 2
r 2
k 1
r 1
12 13
c c
k
1
2
d
m
14
Rtg

c c
k t
8
k 3
r t g 3
r t g 3
k 2
r t g 2
r t g 1
7 r t g 2
c c
k 1
5
k
6
r t g 1
4
3 r tg
CHNG 4. MT S S IU KHIN NG C C BN
5/20/2012 125
,
4.1. S iu khin
ng c khng ng
b 3 pha
4.2. S iu khin ng c mt chiu kch t c lp
*) S o chiu quay ng c
c c
m c h ng l c
8
c c
2
k n
13
mn
k n
15
k t
mt
m c h iu k hin
17

k n
12
k t
r tg
9 11 k t
220V / 24V
10
c c
3 d 1 5
mt
k t
k n
7 mn
c c
c c
6
k t
4
Rtg
14
k t
10
k n
c c
8
CHNG 4. MT S S IU KHIN NG C C BN
5/20/2012 126
,
4.1. S iu khin
ng c khng ng
b 3 pha
4.2. S iu khin
ng c mt chiu
kch t c lp
Phn bi tp
Bi 1: Hy thit k s m my ng c khng ng b
bng phng php ct dn 3 cp in tr ph mch rto
theo nguyn tc thi gian
Bi 2: Hy thit k s hn ch dng khi ng ng c
mt chiu qua 3 cp in tr ph
Bi 3: Thit k s hm ng nng ng c mt chiu kch
t c lp
Bi 4: Thit k s hm ng nng ng c khng ng b
3 pha.
Bi 5: Thit k s o chiu ng c mt chiu kch t
c lp