PHN I: H THNG SN XUT LINH HOT FMS I.

Gii thiu chung v h thng sn xut linh hot FMS H thng sn xut linh hot FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System) l mt h thng sn xut c iu khin t ng bng my tnh, c kh nng thay i chng trnh iu khin v sn phm mt cch linh hot trong qu trnh sn xut. V vy h thng FMS c th t ng t li cu hnh sn xut cc chng loi sn phm khc nhau. l l do ti sao n c bit l h thng sn xut linh hot. Khi nim sn xut linh hot c bit n ln u tin vo nm 1965 khi cng ty British firm Molins, Ltd a ra sn phm vi tn gi l System 24. System 24 l mt h thng FMS tht s. Tuy nhin h thng ny khng th pht trin thm c na bi khi cng ngh t ng ho v cng ngh thng tin cn cha pht trin nn khng th h tr cho s pht trin ca h thng ny c. Khi nim sn xut linh hot v vy b qun lng. Tuy nhin vo nhng nm 70 v u thp k 80, cng vi s pht trin nhy vt ca cng ngh thng tin v ng dng ca cng ngh thng tin trong sn xut m sn xut linh hot pht trin tr li vi tc ng kinh ngc. H thng sn xut linh hot c s dng ln u tin M sn xut ra t v my ko.Nh vy, mt h thng sn xut linh hot ni chung gm c cc phn sau: Thit b x l nh cc trung tm gia cng, cc trm lp rp, v robot. Thit b vn chuyn nguyn vt liu v d nh robot, bng truyn, Mt h thng truyn thng Mt h thng iu khin bng my tnh Trong sn xut linh hot, cc my gia cng t ng nh tin, phay, khoan,v h thng vn chuyn nguyn liu t ng giao tip vi nhau thng qua mng my tnh. II.Cu to v hot ng 1.Cu to Trong h thng sn xut linh hot ta c h thng iu khin v gim st. Da vo thc t s dng, s phn b v tr ca cc my tnh m cc h thng iu khin v gim st c s phn ho v dn n hnh thnh nn ba dng h thng iu khin v gim st khc nhau l: + H iu khin v gim st tp trung

+H iu khin v gim st phn quyn:

Vi nhim v phn phi v vn chuyn phi n trm kim tra, cc thit b c b tr gm c:

-ng tch phi -Cm bin quang

-Xylanh iu khin hai pha -Cm bin ng in t xc nh v tr ca trc piston -Xylanh quay

-Cng tc hnh trnh -B lc kh v iu p

-Cm van iu khin -B phn phi in -Van tit lu

Vi nhim v phn phi v vn chuyn phi n trm kim tra, cc thit b c b trgm c: -ng tch phi -Cm bin quang -Xylanh iu khin hai pha -Cm bin ng in t xc nh v tr ca trc piston

-Xylanh quay -Cng tc hnh trnh -B lc kh v iu p -Cm van iu khin -B phn phi in -Van tit lu b.Trm kim tra phi Vi nhim v kim tra cht lng ca phi (vt liu v kch thc ca phi) loi b nhng phi khng yu cu k thut v ch vn chuyn nhng phi t yu cu n trm bng ti mang i lp rp th trn trm kim tra cng c cc thit b nh ca trm phn phi l: b lc kh v iu p, b phn phi in, cm van phn phi. Ngoi ra trn trm cn c cc thit b sau: - Cm bin tip cn in dung - Cm bin cm ng in t xc nh v tr ca trc piston - Cm bin tip cn in cm - Cm bin tip cn quang hc - B kim tra chiu cao phi - Xylanh y phi - Xylanh nng phi - Mng cha phi khng t tiu chun - Mng dn phi sang trm bng ti

- Mng dn phi sang trm bng ti c.Trmbngti

Trm bng ti chu trch nhim vn chuyn cc phi v sn phm trong h thng.Trm bng ti c truyn chuyn ng bng 4 ng c mt chiu c th thay i ctc vn chuyn phi v sn phm. Trn trm bng ti 6 gi mang phi cha phi. Nhim v t ra l iu khin bng ti 6 gi mang phi ny lun chuyn phi mt cch lin tc v u n m khng b n tc. Vn ny c gii quyt nh b tr trn bngti mt h thng cc cm bin, xylanh chn v mt s c cu chp hnh khc c ktni thnh mng theo cu trc mng ASi v c a v b iu khin PLC x l. Biu khin PLC thc hin cc chc nng sau: a ra tn hiu iu khin ng c iuchnh tc vn chuyn ca bng ti; thu nhp s liu t cc cm bin tip cn in cmc tc dng nhn bit v tr ca chng.Trong h thng FMS, trm bng ti ng vai tr trung tm v c chc nng linkt cc trm vi nhau thng qua cc tn hiuvo/ra trc tip gia cc trm vinhau v gia cc trm vi bng ti C cu chp hnh chnh l mt Robot 6 bc t do ca hng Mitsubisi. Ngoira cn c cc cm xylanh-piston lm nhimv cung cp chi tit t cc mng cha B iu khin chnh ca cc trm l b iukhin robot nh hinh bn di y. Ngoi racn c cc van kh nn in t iu khincc cm xylanh-piston Cc b cm bin c s dng trn trm gmc: cm bin tip cn quang hc phn bitmu sc ca phi v xc nh c cn cc chitit trong mng cha hay khng; cm bin tip cn in cm xc nhchng loi vt liu lm phi; cm bin cm ng in t xc nh v tr ca cc trc piston

e. Trm ly sn phm Trm ly sn phm c nhim v chuyn cc sn phm c lp rp hon thin t ccgi mang phi trn bng ti n phn loi sn phm. Trn trm ly sn phm cng c ccthit b nh ca cc trm khc l: b lc kh v iu p, Ngoi ra c thm thit b o lng, iu khin chp hnh sau: - Tay kp sn phm - Xylanh piston gp sn phm - Cm bin cm ng in t xc nh v tr ca trc piston - Xylanh - Piston chuyn sn phm - Cm bin tip cn quang hc

f. Trm phn loi snphm Trm phn loi sn phm l trm cui cngtrong h thng sn xutlinh hot FMS. Trm ny thc hin nhim v phn loi sn phm da vo s khc bit v mu sc v vt liu ca sn phm. Trn cc trm cn c cc thit b o lng, iu khin v chp hnh sau:

- Mng cha sn phm - Cm bin tip cn in cm - Cm bin tip cn quang hc - Cht chn - Bng ti - H xylanh - Piston lin kt vi cn gt dn hng. 2. Phm vi ng dng v cc u nhc im ca h thng a. Phm vi ng dng Trong nn sn xut hin i vic thnh lp cc h thng sn xut linh hot ng mt vaitr ht sc quan trng. H thng sn xut linh hot (FMS) cho php t ng ho mc cao i vi sn xut hng lot nh v hng lot va trn c s s dng cc my CNC,cc rbt cng nghip iu khin cc i tng lao ng, cc g v cc dng c,cc h thng vn chuyn - tch tr phi vi mc ch ti u ho qu trnh cng ngh v qu trnh sn xut.c im ca FMS l kh nng iu chnh nhanh cc thit b ch to sn phm mi. Nh vy, n rt thch hp khng ch cho sn xut hng khi, hng lot ln m cn chosn xut hng lot va v hng lot nh, thm ch c sn xut n chic.Tuy nhin phn tch FMS trong iu kin sn xut n chic cho thy s khng n khpgia nng sut ca FMS v phng php chun b sn xut bng tay. Cng do vic sdng khng ng b cc h thng t ng ho m qu trnh chun b sn xut b ko di.S ni kt cc h thng t ng ring l thnh mt h thng duy nht vi s tr gip camng my tnh ni b cho php tng nng sut lao ng ca cc nh thit k, cc nh cng ngh v cc nh t chc sn xut v do nng cao nng sut v cht lng sn phm. Cc h thng sn xut nh vy c gi l h thng sn xut tch hp c tr gipca my tnh; CIM bao gm: thit k tr gip ca my tnh; lp quy trnh c tr gip camy tnh; lp k hoch sn xut v kim tra; kim tra cht lng c tr gip ca mytnh; v sn xut c tr gip ca my tnh.Hin nay nc ta nghin cu v FMS v CIM mi ch c bt u. Ti liu v lnhvc ny bng ting Vit hu nh cha c. Cc h thng FMS v CIM m hnh mi ctrang b mt s trng i hc. Trong tng lai cc h thng ny tip tc c u t nhiu c s o to khc nhau trn c nc. Song song vi nhng thit b hin i l vicrt cn c gio trnh ging dy. Chnh v vy cun sch ny c bin son nhmcung cp nhng kin thc c bn cho sinh vin cc trng H, C thuc chuyn ngnh c kh ch to. ng thi n cng c dng lm ti liu cho cc cn b ging dy, cc hc vin cao hc v nghin cu sinh trong cng tc o to v nghin cu ca mnh b. u im v nhc im ca h thng sn xut linh hot FMS b1. u im Linh hot trong vic xy dng v tch hp h thng sn xut Sn xut ng thi c nhiu loi sn phm khc nhau Gim thi gian thit lp v thi gian ch i trong sn xut

 S dng thit b my mc hiu qu Gim chi ph sn xut cho nhn cng lao ng C kh nng x l nhiu loi nguyn liu khc nhau Khi mt my b s c, cc my khc vn c th lm vic c.

b2. Nhc im Gi thnh u t xy dng ban u thng rt ln 3. Kt lun Hin nay cc nc pht trin, h thng sn xut linh hot v ang c ng dngrng ri trong cng nghip sn xut ra sn phm hng ho c cht lng cao vi githnh h. Cc h thng sn xut linh hot hin i s dng cc tin b ca khoa hc kthut m c th l ca bn lnh vc t ng ho, c kh, cng ngh thng tin v in t vin thng. S kt hp ca bn lnh vc hnh thnh nn mt lnh vc mi, l C in t (mechatronics). ng dng c h thng sn xut linh hot trong sn xut s lmcho n gin ho hot ng ca con ngi nhng ng thi vn nng cao c hiu qusn xut. Trong mt h thng sn xut linh hot, phm vi iu khin hot ng ca hthng khng ch gii hn cc thao tc hay vn hnh h thng trc tip ti xng myhay dy chuyn m c m rng c th iu hnh v gim st mi hot ng ca nhmy ti mt a im duy nht gi l trung tm iu khin. iu ny c thc hin nh s dng h thng mng truyn thng cng nghip. Vic s dng h thng sn xut linhhot FMS s thc y nn sn xut pht trin theo xu hng cng ngh cao, gim bt thigian lao ng ca con ngi xung. PHN 2:H THNG ROBOT CNG NGHIP