CNG NGH SINH HC THC PHM

Qu kh - Hin ti - Tng lai

CNG CHI TiT
Chng 1: M u
1.1. Gii thiu cng ngh sinh hc thc phm
1.2. Lch s pht trin v trin vng
Chng 2: Cng ngh sinh hc v vn to ngun
nguyn liu cho cng ngh thc phm
2.1. Cng ngh sinh hc c in to ngun nguyn liu
cho cng ngh thc phm
2.2. Cng ngh sinh hc hin i to ngun nguyn liu
cho cng ngh thc phm
Chng 3: ng dng vi sinh vt trong CNTP
3.1. Cng ngh sn xut sinh khi t bo (tiu lun)
3.1.1. Sn xut nm men t r ng
3.1.2. Sn xut v thu nhn to
Chng 3: ng dng vi sinh vt trong CNTP
3.2. Cng ngh sn xut nc chm ln men (T hc)
3.2.1. Bn cht qu trnh thy phn protein ht u
nnh
3.2.2. K thut sn xut nc chm ln men t ht
u nnh
3.2.3. K thut sn xut tng tu
3.2.4. Lm tng hon ton bng u nnh
3.2.5. K thut nui cy nm mc
3.2.6. K thut sn xut chao
Chng 3: ng dng vi sinh vt trong CNTP
3.3. Tng hp acid amin bng phng php vi sinh vt
(t hc)
3.3.1. Bn cht ca qu trnh
3.3.2. Sn xut acid glutamic v bt ngt
3.3.3. Sn xut Lysin bng phng php vi sinh
Chng 3: ng dng vi sinh vt trong CNTP
3.4. Tng hp enzym bng phng php vi sinh
(T hc)
3.4.1. Phng php tng hp enzym t vi sinh
3.4.2. Tng hp enzym amylase
3.4.3. Tng hp enzym protease
3.4.4. Tng hp pectinase
3.4.5. Tng hp cellulase
Chng 3: ng dng vi sinh vt trong CNTP
3.5. Cc qu trnh ln men ym kh v ng dng
3.5.1. Ln men etylic v qu trnh sn xut ru (t hc)
3.5.2. Ln men t nm men Cng ngh sn xut bia
(t hc)
3.5.3. Sn xut ru vang tri cy (t hc)
3.5.4. Ln men lactic v ng dng
3.5.5. Ln men butyric
3.5.6. Ln men pectin
Chng 3: ng dng vi sinh vt trong CNTP
3.6. Cc qu trnh ln men hiu kh v ng dng
(tiu lun)
3.6.1. Ln men acetic v k thut sn xut dm
3.6.2. Cng ngh sn xut thch da
3.6.3. Ln men citric k thut sn xut bt chanh
3.6.4. Phn ng oxy ha v cng ngh sn xut tr
3.6.5. Ln men c ph
3.6.6. Ln men ca cao
Chng 4: CNSH thc phm trong tng lai
4.1. Thc phm chc nng
4.2. Thc phm bin i gen, cc quan im v thc
phm bin i gen
4.3. Vai tr ca CNSH i vi s pht trin thc
phm
4.4. An ton nguyn liu thc phm
Chng 5: Mt s phng php phn tch vi sinh
vt trong thc phm
5.1. Phng php lai phn t
5.2. Phng php PCR
5.3. Phng php ELISA
Chng 1:
M u
Cng ngh sinh hc ?
Khi nim:
Cng ngh sinh hc c th hiu n gin l cng
ngh s dng cc qu trnh sinh hc ca cc t
bo vi sinh vt, ng vt v thc vt to ra
thng phm phc v li ch ca con ngi
1. CNSH phn loi theo cc i tng:
CNSH phn t (Molecular biotechnology)
CNSH protein v enzym (Biotechnology of
protein and enzymes)
CNSH vi sinh vt (Microbial biotechnology)
CNSH thc vt (Plant biotechnology)
CNSH ng vt (Animal biotechnology)
CC LNH VC CA CNSH
2. CNSH gi theo cc lnh vc kinh t x hi:
CNSH CNSH y hc (Medical biotechnology)
CNSH thc phm (Food biotechnology)
CNSH nng lng (Energetic biotechnology)
CNSH trong ha hc v vt liu (Biotechnology in
chemistry and materials)
CNSH nng nghip (Agricultural biotechnology)
CNSH mi trng (Environmental biotechnology)
CC LNH VC CA CNSH
S tin ha ca CNSH
2.500 B.C., ngi Hy lp bit lai ngng to ra
ngng to hn v ngon hn khi nu chn
Trc th k 20, VSV c s dng nhm ci
thin sn xut TP
1655, te bao c phat hien nh knh hien vi
S tin ha ca CNSH
1800-1900, nn mng ca CNSH c thit lp, bao
gm cc qu trnh thanh trng, lai hin i v di
truyn hc
1837 1838, Hoc thuyet te bao, Schleiden & Schwann
1859, C. Darwin neu ra Hoc thuyet tien hoa
Nhng nam 1860, L.Pasteur a m ng cho s phat
trien cua Vi sinh vat hoc va CNSH vi sinh vat.
1865, Mendel chng minh cac nhan to di truyen (gen) va
m au cho cac NC i sau vao the gii vi mo cua s song.
1868, Frederic Miescher tm ra DNA.
DI TRUYEN HOC MENDEL
Nam 1865, Gregor Mendel neu ra cac quy luat di
truyen va khai niem nhan to di truyen, ma sau nay
goi la gen.
Nam 1900 c coi la nam ra i cua Di truyen
hoc vi phat minh lai cac quy luat Mendel. au the
ky 20, khai niem gen c xac lap, nhng dang
tru tng: nhan to di truyen xac nh mot tnh
trang.
Mendel
PHAT MINH DNA
Nam 1868, Johann Friedrich Miesher, mot
nha sinh hoa hoc ngi Thuy S, tuoi 25, a
tm ra mot chat acid t nhan (nucleus) te bao
bach huyet cua mu va at ten la nuclein, ma
sau nay goi la nucleic acid.
THUYET DI TRUYEN
NHIEM SAC THE
au the k XX, khai niem
gen c xac lap
Nam 1910 1920,
T.H.Morgan, neu ra thuyet
di truyen nhiem sac the,
chng minh gen la mot
locus tren nhiem sac the.
MO HNH CAU TRUC DNA CUA
WATSON-CRICK
Nam 1953, mo hnh cau truc phan t DNA cua
Watson-Crick at nen mong cho s phat trien cua
Sinh hoc phan t. Hoc thuyet trung tam" cua sinh
hoc phan t:
DNA ----------> mRNA ----------> protein
sao chep phien ma dch ma
KY THUAT DI TRUYEN
Nam 1972 1973, ky thuat di truyen ra i
lam bung no cach mang CNSH.
Con ngi co kha nang vt gii han tien
hoa, thay quyen tao hoa cai bien sinh gii va
ca ban than c the sinh hoc cua con ngi.
S tin ha ca CNSH
Nam 1973,KY THUAT DI TRUYEN ra i
CNSH TP hin i bt u khi cc nh nghin
cu bt u khm ph ci thin thc phm nh
k thut di truyn
S tin ha ca CNSH
1990, thc phm CNSH u tin c gii thiu
(gm: 1 loi enzyme s dng trong sn xut phomai
v 1 loi nm men trong sn xut bnh m)
1994, sn phm thc phm nguyn vn u tin i
vo th trng M, l c chua chn chm (Flavr
Savr Tomato)
1997, u nnh khng thuc dit c c gii thiu
hin ti l loi cy CNSH ph bin nht M
1998, cng nghip u Hawai c cu sng nh
chng khng virus nh chuyn gen
2002, bn gen cy la c hon thin m ra
kh nng mi trong k thut di truyn nhm to ra
ging la chng bnh, hn,
Cc giai on pht trin ca CNSH trn th gii
Giai on trc Pasteur (n 1865)
Giai on pht trin cng nghip ln men (1866-
1940)
Giai on cng nghip khng sinh v ha cht
(1941-1960)
Giai on sinh tng hp iu khin (1961-1975)
Giai on CNSH phn t (1976 n nay)
Nhng mc pht trin ca CNSH Vit Nam
Vin pasteur Si Gn l ci ni ca CNSH, thnh
lp nm 1891
Albert Calmette sn xut vaccine u ma, chng
di, nghin cu v bnh l nhit i, lm men ru,
huyt thanh chng nc rn h mang.
Yersin khm ph ra vi khun dch hch (1894)
Nh my ru Si Gn ra i nm 1887
Nhng mc pht trin ca CNSH Vit Nam
1949, BS Nguyn Vn Hng sn xut vaccine
chng u ma, t, thng hn, lm cc loi xt
nghim.
1950, BS Phm Ngc Thch v BS ng Vn Ng
th nghim nui cy Penicillium lm thuc
khng sinh.
Trong thp k 1960 nhp nh my sn xut bt
ngt.
1996, thnh lp c cc nh my Ajinomoto,
Vedan, cc nh my bia
1995 n nay, cc k thut ca CNSH hin i
c p dng ti cc vin v nhiu trng i hc
CNSH TP l g?
CNSH TP l s tin ha ca cc k
thut nng nghip truyn thng nh
lai cho v ln men
CNSH TP s dng cc phng php
ca di truyn hin i nhm ci thin
cc tnh trng c li ca cy trng,
ng vt v VSV trong sn xut thc
phm. N bao gm vic thm vo, xa
b cc gen mc tiu nhm t c
cc tnh trng mong mun
CN IHUC FHAM
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CNSH TP l g?
CNSH thc phm truyn
thng:
Ln men VSV
Pho mai
Bia
Ru vang
Bnh m
CNSH thc phm hin i
Nui cy m
K thut di truyn
Khc vi nhn ging vt
nui v cy trng
- Cung cp ngun thc pham
cn thit trong tng lai:
Cht lng thc phm
Loi tr thc phm c mang cc
cht c hoc cc cht gy d ng
Tao nguon thc pham nh hng
Tit kim tai nguyen
nh hng ca CNSH: t nng tri n
ba n (from farm to fork)
Nng nghip v mi
trng
Cht lng v sn xut
TP
Sc khe v dinh dng
Cc quc gia ang pht
trin
Bn v cc kha cnh:
Nng nghip v Mi trng
Gim s dng
thuc tr su
Gim xi mn t
Gip bo v ngun
nc
Bo tn t v
nhin liu ha
thch
Li ch ca nng dn
Tng sn lng ma v
Gim chi ph sn xut
Gim tn sut ngi nng dn phi tip xc
vi ha cht dit cn trng
Tng hiu qu sn xut
Cht lng v sn xut TP
Nhiu thc phm ch bin sn s
dng cy trng CNSH (bt v
protein u nnh, siro bp, du
canola)
Ci thin thnh phn cht bo
trong du n (hm lng bo bo
ha thp, hm lng acid oleic
cao) bn vng hn khi chin
Lm chm qu trnh chn
nng sn ti hn
Sc khe v Dinh dng
Nhiu sn phm dinh dng p ng nhu cu
tiu dng
Cc loi du n khng phi qua qu trnh hydro
ha, gip gim hm lng trans fatty acids
Du n giu cht dinh dng (beta-carotene,
vitamin E)
Khoai ty vi hm lng cht kh cao
Cc quc gia ang pht trin: nh hng
ca CNSH ln m bo an ninh TP
Hn 800 tr ngi trn ton th gii c c lng
b i mi ngy nn i th gii c th c ci
thin nh CNSH
Cuc chin chng i km v suy dinh dng:
Nhiu sn phm hn trn din tch t trng t hn
Li ch kinh t
Thiu vitamin A (118 nc trn th gii) v st
(khong 2 t ngi thiu mu)
Gii php tim nng: golden rice (go vng)
Cc sn phm CNSH TP hin ti
Cy trng khng cn trng, su hi, virus: bp Bt,
bng Bt, u v b vng khng virus, u nnh, bp
v ht ci khng thuc dit c
> 70% u nnh v 30% bp c trng M nm
2002 c ngun gc t CNSH
Cc loi cy khc c chp nhn thng mi: c
ci ng v bp chu thuc dit c, khoai ty Bt
khng virus
NHNG THANH TU MI KHAC
2/1997, Wilmut
cong bo nhan
ban vo tnh cu
Dolly.
1999, thanh tu
mi ve te bao
goc (StemCell).
Ngi tiu dng ng h CNSH TP
Gn 2/3 s ngi tin rng CNSHTP s gy ch li cho
gia nh h trong vng 5 nm ti
Hn na s ngi s la chn sn phm chuyn gen
c mi v thm ngon hn v ti hn
Gn s ngi s la chn sn phm c tnh khng
cn trng gy hi
CNSH TP l an ton
Phe i lp t ra cu hi v tnh an ton ca Tp
CNSH nhng ch da trn cm tnh ch khng da
vo s liu thc t
Cc t chc chnh ph FDA (U.S. Food and Drug
Administration, USDA-United States Department of
Agriculture v EPA-Environmental Protection
Agency) cam kt bo m tnh an ton ca nhng
TP ny.
Cc t chc y t v thc phm khc cng ng h vic
s dng TP CNSH, bao gm ADA (American Dietetic
Association), AMA (American Medical Association),
IFT (Institute of Food Technologists), WHO v FAO.
CNSH TP l an ton
Nghin cu cho n nay khng c bng chng no v
tc hi ca TP CNSH
Hn 3200 hc gi danh ting k vo tuyn b xc
nhn CNSH TP l an ton, thn thin vi mi trng
v l cng c hu ch gip nui cc nc ang pht
trin
10/2001, Hi ng Chu u EC cho ra bn bo co
cc kt qu t 81 d n nghin cu trong 15 nm
tuyn b rng cc TP bt ngun t CNSH cn an ton
hn thc phm truyn thng bi v CNSH chnh xc
hn v tri qua cc kho st k cng hn
Tng lai ca CNSH TP
Hiu qu hn trong nng nghip, tit kim din
tch t trng nhng li trng c nhiu ma v
hn p ng nhu cu TP tng ca nhn loi
Gimc t t nhin trong cy
Cung cp cc phng thc n gin v nhanh
chng nhn bit sinh vt gy bnh
Ko di ti ca nng sn
Ci thin thnh phn dinh dng trong TP
Gim tnh gy d ng ca mt s loi TP
Bo v, tng cng sc khe thng qua cc TP c
tnh chng oxy ha, ngn nga ung th
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION