CNG CHI TiT Chng 1: M u 1.1. Gii thiu cng ngh sinh hc thc phm 1.2. Lch s pht trin v trin vng Chng 2: Cng ngh sinh hc v vn to ngun nguyn liu cho cng ngh thc phm 2.1. Cng ngh sinh hc c in to ngun nguyn liu cho cng ngh thc phm 2.2. Cng ngh sinh hc hin i to ngun nguyn liu cho cng ngh thc phm Chng 3: ng dng vi sinh vt trong CNTP 3.1. Cng ngh sn xut sinh khi t bo (tiu lun) 3.1.1. Sn xut nm men t r ng 3.1.2. Sn xut v thu nhn to Chng 3: ng dng vi sinh vt trong CNTP 3.2. Cng ngh sn xut nc chm ln men (T hc) 3.2.1. Bn cht qu trnh thy phn protein ht u nnh 3.2.2. K thut sn xut nc chm ln men t ht u nnh 3.2.3. K thut sn xut tng tu 3.2.4. Lm tng hon ton bng u nnh 3.2.5. K thut nui cy nm mc 3.2.6. K thut sn xut chao Chng 3: ng dng vi sinh vt trong CNTP 3.3. Tng hp acid amin bng phng php vi sinh vt (t hc) 3.3.1. Bn cht ca qu trnh 3.3.2. Sn xut acid glutamic v bt ngt 3.3.3. Sn xut Lysin bng phng php vi sinh Chng 3: ng dng vi sinh vt trong CNTP 3.4. Tng hp enzym bng phng php vi sinh (T hc) 3.4.1. Phng php tng hp enzym t vi sinh 3.4.2. Tng hp enzym amylase 3.4.3. Tng hp enzym protease 3.4.4. Tng hp pectinase 3.4.5. Tng hp cellulase Chng 3: ng dng vi sinh vt trong CNTP 3.5. Cc qu trnh ln men ym kh v ng dng 3.5.1. Ln men etylic v qu trnh sn xut ru (t hc) 3.5.2. Ln men t nm men Cng ngh sn xut bia (t hc) 3.5.3. Sn xut ru vang tri cy (t hc) 3.5.4. Ln men lactic v ng dng 3.5.5. Ln men butyric 3.5.6. Ln men pectin Chng 3: ng dng vi sinh vt trong CNTP 3.6. Cc qu trnh ln men hiu kh v ng dng (tiu lun) 3.6.1. Ln men acetic v k thut sn xut dm 3.6.2. Cng ngh sn xut thch da 3.6.3. Ln men citric k thut sn xut bt chanh 3.6.4. Phn ng oxy ha v cng ngh sn xut tr 3.6.5. Ln men c ph 3.6.6. Ln men ca cao Chng 4: CNSH thc phm trong tng lai 4.1. Thc phm chc nng 4.2. Thc phm bin i gen, cc quan im v thc phm bin i gen 4.3. Vai tr ca CNSH i vi s pht trin thc phm 4.4. An ton nguyn liu thc phm Chng 5: Mt s phng php phn tch vi sinh vt trong thc phm 5.1. Phng php lai phn t 5.2. Phng php PCR 5.3. Phng php ELISA Chng 1: M u Cng ngh sinh hc ? Khi nim: Cng ngh sinh hc c th hiu n gin l cng ngh s dng cc qu trnh sinh hc ca cc t bo vi sinh vt, ng vt v thc vt to ra thng phm phc v li ch ca con ngi 1. CNSH phn loi theo cc i tng: CNSH phn t (Molecular biotechnology) CNSH protein v enzym (Biotechnology of protein and enzymes) CNSH vi sinh vt (Microbial biotechnology) CNSH thc vt (Plant biotechnology) CNSH ng vt (Animal biotechnology) CC LNH VC CA CNSH 2. CNSH gi theo cc lnh vc kinh t x hi: CNSH CNSH y hc (Medical biotechnology) CNSH thc phm (Food biotechnology) CNSH nng lng (Energetic biotechnology) CNSH trong ha hc v vt liu (Biotechnology in chemistry and materials) CNSH nng nghip (Agricultural biotechnology) CNSH mi trng (Environmental biotechnology) CC LNH VC CA CNSH S tin ha ca CNSH 2.500 B.C., ngi Hy lp bit lai ngng to ra ngng to hn v ngon hn khi nu chn Trc th k 20, VSV c s dng nhm ci thin sn xut TP 1655, te bao c phat hien nh knh hien vi S tin ha ca CNSH 1800-1900, nn mng ca CNSH c thit lp, bao gm cc qu trnh thanh trng, lai hin i v di truyn hc 1837 1838, Hoc thuyet te bao, Schleiden & Schwann 1859, C. Darwin neu ra Hoc thuyet tien hoa Nhng nam 1860, L.Pasteur a m ng cho s phat trien cua Vi sinh vat hoc va CNSH vi sinh vat. 1865, Mendel chng minh cac nhan to di truyen (gen) va m au cho cac NC i sau vao the gii vi mo cua s song. 1868, Frederic Miescher tm ra DNA. DI TRUYEN HOC MENDEL Nam 1865, Gregor Mendel neu ra cac quy luat di truyen va khai niem nhan to di truyen, ma sau nay goi la gen. Nam 1900 c coi la nam ra i cua Di truyen hoc vi phat minh lai cac quy luat Mendel. au the ky 20, khai niem gen c xac lap, nhng dang tru tng: nhan to di truyen xac nh mot tnh trang. Mendel PHAT MINH DNA Nam 1868, Johann Friedrich Miesher, mot nha sinh hoa hoc ngi Thuy S, tuoi 25, a tm ra mot chat acid t nhan (nucleus) te bao bach huyet cua mu va at ten la nuclein, ma sau nay goi la nucleic acid. THUYET DI TRUYEN NHIEM SAC THE au the k XX, khai niem gen c xac lap Nam 1910 1920, T.H.Morgan, neu ra thuyet di truyen nhiem sac the, chng minh gen la mot locus tren nhiem sac the. MO HNH CAU TRUC DNA CUA WATSON-CRICK Nam 1953, mo hnh cau truc phan t DNA cua Watson-Crick at nen mong cho s phat trien cua Sinh hoc phan t. Hoc thuyet trung tam" cua sinh hoc phan t: DNA ----------> mRNA ----------> protein sao chep phien ma dch ma KY THUAT DI TRUYEN Nam 1972 1973, ky thuat di truyen ra i lam bung no cach mang CNSH. Con ngi co kha nang vt gii han tien hoa, thay quyen tao hoa cai bien sinh gii va ca ban than c the sinh hoc cua con ngi. S tin ha ca CNSH Nam 1973,KY THUAT DI TRUYEN ra i CNSH TP hin i bt u khi cc nh nghin cu bt u khm ph ci thin thc phm nh k thut di truyn S tin ha ca CNSH 1990, thc phm CNSH u tin c gii thiu (gm: 1 loi enzyme s dng trong sn xut phomai v 1 loi nm men trong sn xut bnh m) 1994, sn phm thc phm nguyn vn u tin i vo th trng M, l c chua chn chm (Flavr Savr Tomato) 1997, u nnh khng thuc dit c c gii thiu hin ti l loi cy CNSH ph bin nht M 1998, cng nghip u Hawai c cu sng nh chng khng virus nh chuyn gen 2002, bn gen cy la c hon thin m ra kh nng mi trong k thut di truyn nhm to ra ging la chng bnh, hn, Cc giai on pht trin ca CNSH trn th gii Giai on trc Pasteur (n 1865) Giai on pht trin cng nghip ln men (1866- 1940) Giai on cng nghip khng sinh v ha cht (1941-1960) Giai on sinh tng hp iu khin (1961-1975) Giai on CNSH phn t (1976 n nay) Nhng mc pht trin ca CNSH Vit Nam Vin pasteur Si Gn l ci ni ca CNSH, thnh lp nm 1891 Albert Calmette sn xut vaccine u ma, chng di, nghin cu v bnh l nhit i, lm men ru, huyt thanh chng nc rn h mang. Yersin khm ph ra vi khun dch hch (1894) Nh my ru Si Gn ra i nm 1887 Nhng mc pht trin ca CNSH Vit Nam 1949, BS Nguyn Vn Hng sn xut vaccine chng u ma, t, thng hn, lm cc loi xt nghim. 1950, BS Phm Ngc Thch v BS ng Vn Ng th nghim nui cy Penicillium lm thuc khng sinh. Trong thp k 1960 nhp nh my sn xut bt ngt. 1996, thnh lp c cc nh my Ajinomoto, Vedan, cc nh my bia 1995 n nay, cc k thut ca CNSH hin i c p dng ti cc vin v nhiu trng i hc CNSH TP l g? CNSH TP l s tin ha ca cc k thut nng nghip truyn thng nh lai cho v ln men CNSH TP s dng cc phng php ca di truyn hin i nhm ci thin cc tnh trng c li ca cy trng, ng vt v VSV trong sn xut thc phm. N bao gm vic thm vo, xa b cc gen mc tiu nhm t c cc tnh trng mong mun CN IHUC FHAM Hop choI Iu nh|en co son V| s|nh voI N h o n
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I r o n Ihuc phom Iu nh|en Ihuc voI ong voI Ioo, nom khoong... CNSH TP l g? CNSH thc phm truyn thng: Ln men VSV Pho mai Bia Ru vang Bnh m CNSH thc phm hin i Nui cy m K thut di truyn Khc vi nhn ging vt nui v cy trng - Cung cp ngun thc pham cn thit trong tng lai: Cht lng thc phm Loi tr thc phm c mang cc cht c hoc cc cht gy d ng Tao nguon thc pham nh hng Tit kim tai nguyen nh hng ca CNSH: t nng tri n ba n (from farm to fork) Nng nghip v mi trng Cht lng v sn xut TP Sc khe v dinh dng Cc quc gia ang pht trin Bn v cc kha cnh: Nng nghip v Mi trng Gim s dng thuc tr su Gim xi mn t Gip bo v ngun nc Bo tn t v nhin liu ha thch Li ch ca nng dn Tng sn lng ma v Gim chi ph sn xut Gim tn sut ngi nng dn phi tip xc vi ha cht dit cn trng Tng hiu qu sn xut Cht lng v sn xut TP Nhiu thc phm ch bin sn s dng cy trng CNSH (bt v protein u nnh, siro bp, du canola) Ci thin thnh phn cht bo trong du n (hm lng bo bo ha thp, hm lng acid oleic cao) bn vng hn khi chin Lm chm qu trnh chn nng sn ti hn Sc khe v Dinh dng Nhiu sn phm dinh dng p ng nhu cu tiu dng Cc loi du n khng phi qua qu trnh hydro ha, gip gim hm lng trans fatty acids Du n giu cht dinh dng (beta-carotene, vitamin E) Khoai ty vi hm lng cht kh cao Cc quc gia ang pht trin: nh hng ca CNSH ln m bo an ninh TP Hn 800 tr ngi trn ton th gii c c lng b i mi ngy nn i th gii c th c ci thin nh CNSH Cuc chin chng i km v suy dinh dng: Nhiu sn phm hn trn din tch t trng t hn Li ch kinh t Thiu vitamin A (118 nc trn th gii) v st (khong 2 t ngi thiu mu) Gii php tim nng: golden rice (go vng) Cc sn phm CNSH TP hin ti Cy trng khng cn trng, su hi, virus: bp Bt, bng Bt, u v b vng khng virus, u nnh, bp v ht ci khng thuc dit c > 70% u nnh v 30% bp c trng M nm 2002 c ngun gc t CNSH Cc loi cy khc c chp nhn thng mi: c ci ng v bp chu thuc dit c, khoai ty Bt khng virus NHNG THANH TU MI KHAC 2/1997, Wilmut cong bo nhan ban vo tnh cu Dolly. 1999, thanh tu mi ve te bao goc (StemCell). Ngi tiu dng ng h CNSH TP Gn 2/3 s ngi tin rng CNSHTP s gy ch li cho gia nh h trong vng 5 nm ti Hn na s ngi s la chn sn phm chuyn gen c mi v thm ngon hn v ti hn Gn s ngi s la chn sn phm c tnh khng cn trng gy hi CNSH TP l an ton Phe i lp t ra cu hi v tnh an ton ca Tp CNSH nhng ch da trn cm tnh ch khng da vo s liu thc t Cc t chc chnh ph FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USDA-United States Department of Agriculture v EPA-Environmental Protection Agency) cam kt bo m tnh an ton ca nhng TP ny. Cc t chc y t v thc phm khc cng ng h vic s dng TP CNSH, bao gm ADA (American Dietetic Association), AMA (American Medical Association), IFT (Institute of Food Technologists), WHO v FAO. CNSH TP l an ton Nghin cu cho n nay khng c bng chng no v tc hi ca TP CNSH Hn 3200 hc gi danh ting k vo tuyn b xc nhn CNSH TP l an ton, thn thin vi mi trng v l cng c hu ch gip nui cc nc ang pht trin 10/2001, Hi ng Chu u EC cho ra bn bo co cc kt qu t 81 d n nghin cu trong 15 nm tuyn b rng cc TP bt ngun t CNSH cn an ton hn thc phm truyn thng bi v CNSH chnh xc hn v tri qua cc kho st k cng hn Tng lai ca CNSH TP Hiu qu hn trong nng nghip, tit kim din tch t trng nhng li trng c nhiu ma v hn p ng nhu cu TP tng ca nhn loi Gimc t t nhin trong cy Cung cp cc phng thc n gin v nhanh chng nhn bit sinh vt gy bnh Ko di ti ca nng sn Ci thin thnh phn dinh dng trong TP Gim tnh gy d ng ca mt s loi TP Bo v, tng cng sc khe thng qua cc TP c tnh chng oxy ha, ngn nga ung th THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION