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2007

ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
BK
TP.HCM

Gii thiu Kt ni lun l ATM Gi ATM Lp thch nghi ATM (AAL)

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2007

Gii thiu
ATM l nghi thc chuyn mch cc cell (cell relay) c ATM Forum (Broadband Forum) ngh v ITU-T chun ha ATM kt hp vi B-ISDN cho php cc kt ni tc cao cho cc mng trn th gii

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Gii thiu
Mc ch thit k
Nhu cu cn thit mt h thng lin lc ti u vic s dng cc phng tin truyn thng tc cao Nhu cu cn thit mt h thng c kh nng giao tip vi cc h thng hin hu v cung cp vic kt ni gia chng m khng mt i tnh hiu qu ca chng hoc thay th chng Nhu cu mt h thng vi chi ph hin thc khng cao Nhu cu mt h thng c kh nng kt ni v h tr cc phn cp vin thng hin hu (local loop, local provider, long-distance carrier, ) Nhu cu mt h thng hng kt ni m bo thi gian truyn chnh xc v c kh nng bit trc Chuyn dch mt s chc nng sang phn cng ( tng tc ) v loi b cc chc nng bng phn mm
Data Communication and Computer Networks 2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 3

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2007

Mt s vn trong cc h/t hin ti

Mng chuyn mch gi
Truyn d liu da trn chuyn mch gi Overhead (header v trailer) c dng cung cp cc thng tin nh danh v a ch; v cc d liu cho vic tm ng, iu khin li, iu khin dng, Mng cng phc tp, overhead cng nhiu hiu sut truyn thp Tng kch thc d liu trong mt gi
Hiu sut cng khng cao khi c t d liu cn truyn Cho php kch thc cc gi thay i c

Lu thng mng hn hp
Kch thc header ln mt nhiu thi gian v hin thc tn km khi x l cc gi Kch thc gi thay i lu thng mng khng th on trc c Kh khn cho vic truyn cc gi audio v video trn mng (cc ng dng d liu loi ny i hi thi gian tr u v thp)
Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Chuyn mch cell

Cell l mt gi d liu nh c kch thc c nh Trong ATM, dng d liu trong cc kt ni lun l l dng cc t bo (cell) c kch thc c nh Gim thiu ti a vic iu khin dng v iu khin li
Gim chi ph (trong vic x l cc t bo v truyn cc bit overhead)

Tc d liu (lp vt l)
25.6Mbps n 622.08Mbps

S ging nhau gia ATM v chuyn mch gi (X.25) hoc Frame Relay
Truyn d liu theo cc on ri rc Nhiu kt ni lun l chia s chung mt giao tip vt l n

u im
D dng multiplex cc dng d liu khc nhau Thi gian tr c th bit trc Dng d liu (mc d xen k vi cc dng d liu khc) c th c xem l dng lin tc C th d dng hin thc cc chc nng chuyn mch v ghp/tch dng cc cell bng phn cng

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

ATM Kin trc mng

User-User Signalling

User

Network

Network User-Network Interface (UNI)

User

User-Network Interface (UNI) Network-Network Interface (NNI)

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Kin trc nghi thc

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Mt (plane) m hnh tham chiu

Mt ngi dng (user plane)
H tr vic truyn thng tin cho ngi dng

Mt iu khin (control plane)

iu khin cuc gi v kt ni

Mt qun tr (management plane)

Qun tr cc mt
Cho ton b cc chc nng h thng

Qun tr cc lp
Ti nguyn v tham s trong cc thc th nghi thc

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Kt ni lun l trong ATM

Kt ni knh o (Virtual Channel Connections VCC) Tng t nh mch o (virtual circuit) trong X.25 n v c bn ca qu trnh chuyn mch Kt ni gia 2 ngi dng u cui Ch song cng (full duplex) Cc t bo c kch thc c nh Truyn d liu, trao i iu khin gia user-network v network-network (qun tr mng v nh tuyn) Kt ni ng dn o (Virtual Path Connection VPC)
Nhiu VCC c cng im cui Tt c cell trn cc VCC trong cng VPC s c chuyn mch cng vi nhau

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Quan h gia cc kt ni trong ATM

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

u im ca VP
VP c thit k p ng nhu cu kt ni mng tc cao, trong chi ph iu khin chim phn ln chi ph ton b
VP nhm cc knh o dng chung ng truyn Qun l t nhm hn

u im
Kin trc mng n gin ha Hiu nng v tin cy ca mng tng ln Gim thiu vic x l v rt ngn thi gian kt ni Cung cp cc dch v mng nng cao
Data Communication and Computer Networks 2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 11

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2007

Thit lp cuc gi dng VP

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Kt ni knh o (virtual channel)

Gia nhng ngi dng u cui
D liu ngi dng end-to-end Tn hiu iu khin VPC cung cp cho ngi dng tng dung lng cc knh
Vic t chc VCC c thc hin bi ngi dng min sao khng vt qu dung lng c cung cp

Gia ngi dng u cui v mng

Tn hiu iu khin

Gia cc thc th trong mng

Qun tr lu thng mng nh tuyn
Data Communication and Computer Networks 2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 13

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2007

c tnh ca VC/VP
VC
QoS (Quality of Service)
Cell loss ratio Cell delay variation

Kt ni knh chuyn mch v bn thng trc

Switched VCC: theo yu cu, cn thit lp v xa kt ni VCC bn thng trc: thi gian s dng di, c thit lp v cu hnh bi qun l mng

Tnh ton vn tun t cc cell Trao i cc tham s lu thng v gim st vic s dng
Ngi dng c th thng lng vi mng v cc thng s ca VCC do mnh yu cu

VPC
Bao gm 4 tnh cht trn Hn ch cc ID ca VCC trong VPC: mt hoc vi ID ca VCC c dnh ring cho mng, user khng c php s dng
Data Communication and Computer Networks 2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 14

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2007

Tn hiu iu khin VCC

Trong ATM, cn c c ch thit lp v gii phng cc VPC v VCC
c thc hin ring cho mi kt ni

Semi-permanent VCC
Khng cn tn hiu iu khin

Meta-signaling channel
c dng nh knh iu khin thng trc kt ni user - network Dng thit lp cc VCC iu khin

VCC iu khin gia ngi dng v mng

Cho vic iu khin tn hiu Dng thit lp VCC mang d liu ngi dng

VCC iu khin gia cc ngi dng

Trong mt VPC c thit lp trc Dng gia 2 ngi dng m khng cn s can thip ca mng thit lp v gii phng VCC gia cc ngi dng

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Tn hiu iu khin VPC

Bn thng trc (Semi-permanent)
Khng cn tn hiu iu khin

Ngi dng iu khin (Customer controlled)

Ngi dng s dng VCC iu khin yu cu thit lp VPC

Mng iu khin (Network controlled)

VPC do mng thit lp

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

T bo ATM (cell)
Kch thc c nh Header chim 5 octet 48 octet thng tin u im
T bo nh gim thi gian tr xp hng cho cc t bo c u tin cao T bo nh c th c chuyn hiu qu hn D hin thc vic chuyn mch cc t bo nh bng phn cng
Data Communication and Computer Networks 2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 17

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2007

nh dng t bo ATM

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

nh dng header
iu khin dng chung GFC
Ch cn cho giao tip ngi dng v mng iu khin dng ch xy ra ti UNI

ID cho VPC ID cho VCC Loi ti (payload) PT

Cho bit loi thng tin trong vng payload

u tin mt t bo CLP iu khin li cho header HEC

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 19

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2007

PT
0 0/1 0/1

User data

Congestion bit 0: no congestion 1: congestion

Signaling bit 0: no signaling 1: signaling

Management

Management bits 00: link-associated management 01: end-to-end management 10: resource management 11: reserved
Data Communication and Computer Networks 2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 20

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2007

CLP
c dng hy b cc cell 1: c th c b gim ti 0: cell phi tn ti tr khi khng cn la chn no khc

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

iu khin dng chung (GFC)

iu khin dng lu thng trong giao tip ngi dng v mng (UNI) gim nh ti tc thi 2 tp nghi thc
Truyn khng iu khin dng Truyn c iu khin dng

Mi kt ni u c th hoc khng c iu khin dng c iu khin dng

C th l mt nhm mc nh (A) m hnh 1 hng i C th l 2 nhm (A v B) m hnh 2 hng i

iu khin dng t ngi dng n mng

c iu khin t pha mng

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Nhm cc kt ni n (1)
TE (Terminal equipment) khi ng 2 bin
C TRANSMIT = 1 GO_CNTR = 0 (credit counter)

Nu c TRANSMIT=1, cc cell trn kt ni khng iu khin c th c truyn bt k lc no Nu c TRANSMIT=0, khng c cell no c gi (trn kt ni c hoc khng c iu khin) Nu nhn c tn hiu HALT, c TRANSMIT c gn bng 0 v c duy tr cho n khi nhn c tn hiu NO_HALT
Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Nhm cc kt ni n (2)
Nu c TRANSMIT=1 v khng c cell no c gi trn bt k kt ni khng iu khin no
Nu GO_CNTR > 0, TE c th gi cell trn cc kt ni iu khin
Cc cell trn kt ni iu khin c nh du Gim GO_CNTR

Nu GO_CNTR=0, TE khng gi cell trn cc kt ni iu khin

TE t bin GO_CNTR bng gi tr GO_VALUE khi nhn c tn hiu SET

Tn hiu rng (Null) khng c tc dng g

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Cng dng ca HALT

Hn ch tc d liu hiu dng trn ATM Tun hon V d, gim tc d liu i mt na, tn hiu HALT c pht ra mi 50% thi gian c thc hin u n trong sut thi gian kt ni

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

25

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2007

M hnh 2 hng i
2 b m
GO_CNTR_A, GO_VALUE_A GO_CNTR_B, GO_VALUE_B

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

iu khin li cho header

Trng iu khin li 8 bit c tnh da vo 32 bit cn li trong header X8 + X2 + X + 1 Cho php sa li sai 1 bit so vi HDLC ch cho php pht hin li

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Tc v HEC u thu

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

nh hng ca li trong header mt cell

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

nh hng ca cc li sai bit ngu nhin ln hiu sut ca HEC

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

30

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2007

Truyn dn cc ATM cell

622.08Mbps 155.52Mbps 51.84Mbps 25.6Mbps Lp vt l trn c s cell Lp vt l trn c s SDH

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Lp vt l trn c s cell
Khng cn ng khung Dng lin tc ca cc cell 53 byte Cc cell c phn cch da trn trng HEC

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

32

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2007

S chuyn trng thi phn cch cell

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

nh hng ca li sai bit ngu nhin n hiu sut phn cch cell

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Thi gian thu nhn so vi tc li bit

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Lp vt l trn c s SDH
p t cu trc trn dng ATM
e.g. for 155.52Mbps Dng khung STM-1 (STS-3) C th mang loi ti ATM v STM

Cc kt ni t bit c th c chuyn mch dng cc knh SDH K thut ghp/tch knh SDH c th c dng hp mt s dng ATM

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Loi ti STM-1 trong vic truyn cc cell ATM trn c s SDH

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

37

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2007

Phn loi cc dch v ATM

Thi gian thc (Real time)
Tc bit c nh (Constant bit rate CBR) Tc bit thay i (Real time variable bit rate rt-VBR)

Khng thi gian thc

Tc bit thay i (Non-real time variable bit rate nrtVBR) Tc bit c th (Available bit rate ABR) Tc bit khng rng buc (Unspecified bit rate UBR) Tc frame c bo m (Guaranteed frame rate GFR)

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Cc dch v thi gian thc

Phn bit bi
Thi gian tr Thay i ca thi gian tr (jitter)

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

CBR
Tc d liu lun c nh Gii hn trn kht khao theo thi gian tr Dng cho ng dng audio v video khng nn
Video conferencing Interactive audio Phn phi v lu tr Audio/Video

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

40

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2007

rt-VBR
Dnh cho cc ng dng rng buc v thi gian
Rng buc cht ch thi gian tr v s thay i thi gian tr

Cc ng dng rt-VBR truyn d liu vi tc thay i theo thi gian

e.g. video nn
To ra cc khung nh kch thc thay i Tc khung ban u (cha nn) khng thay i Do tc d liu nn thay i

C th ghp/tch cc kt ni theo TDM bt ng b

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

41

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2007

nrt-VBR
C th c t cc tnh cht ca dng lu thng mong i mng cung cp cc dch v ph hp H thng u cui c t
Tc cell ti a (Peak cell rate) Tc trung bnh hoc tc c th chu c Thc o s bng n lu thng

Mng s cung cp kt ni vi tr thp v t l mt cell thp e.g. h thng t ch v my bay, giao dch ngn hng
Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

UBR
C th c dng nhng dung lng cn li ca lu thng CBR v VBR
Khng phi tt c ti nguyn u c cp pht Bn cht bursty

Dng cho cc ng dng c th b mt cell hoc c th chu c thi gian tr thay i

e.g. lu thng TCP

Cc cell c truyn trn c s FIFO Dch v n lc cao nht

Khng c feedback khi ngn mng Khng c rng buc dch v
Data Communication and Computer Networks 2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 43

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2007

ABR
Cc ng dng c t tc cell ti a (peak cell rate PCR) v tc cell ti thiu (minimum cell rate MCR) Ti nguyn c cp ti thiu theo MCR Dung lng cn d c chia s gia cc ngun ABR e.g. giao tip gia cc mng LAN

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Tc khung bo m (GFR)
H tr mng xng sng IP Dch v tt hn UBR i vi cc trao i frame
Bao gm IP v Ethernet

Ti u vic x l cc trao i frame thng qua router t LAN ti mng xng sng ATM
c dng bi cc doanh nghip, ISP Cng c v m rng IP trn WAN

Kh hin thc dch v ABR gia cc router v mng ATM Dch v GFR tt hn cc dch v khc i vi lung d liu trn Ethernet
Mng c kh nng pht hin bt u/kt thc khung hoc gi Khi c nghn mng, cc cell trong khung s c hy b Bo m tc ti thiu C kh nng mang nhiu khung hn khi mng khng b nghn

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

45

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2007

Cc dch v tc bit trn ATM

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Lp thch nghi ATM (AAL)

H tr cc nghi thc truyn d liu khng da trn ATM PCM (voice)
Tp hp cc bit to thnh cc cell Ti hp thnh dng tc khng i

IP
Anh x cc gi IP vo cc ATM cell Phn mnh cc gi IP Dng nghi thc LAPF trn ATM gi c tt c kin trc IP
Data Communication and Computer Networks 2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 47

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2007

Cc dch v AAL
X l cc li truyn dn Phn mnh v ti hp X l cc cell tht lc v thm vo sai iu khin dng v nh thi

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Cc loi ng dng c h tr
Gi lp mch (Circuit emulation)
H tr TDM ng b trn mng ATM

Voice v video VBR Dch v d liu tng qut IP trn ATM H tr nhiu nghi thc khc nhau trn ATM (Multiprotocol over ATM MPOA)
IPX, AppleTalk, DECNET

M phng LAN trn mng ATM

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 49

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2007

Giao thc AAL

Lp con hi t (Convergence sublayer CS)
H tr cc ng dng c th AAL ca ngi dng c gn cc SAP

Lp con phn mnh v ti hp (Segmentation and re-assembly sublayer SAR)

ng gi (v m gi) cc thng tin nhn c t lp con CS vo cc cell

4 loi
Loi 1 Loi 2 Loi 3/4 Loi 5
2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 50

Data Communication and Computer Networks

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2007

Nghi thc AAL

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

Phn mnh v ti hp cc PDU

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

AAL loi 1
Ngun CBR SAR nn v gii nn cc bit Cc khi c nh s th t
CS 11001101010101.1010101010101110010.

A A L 1

SAR 47 byte 47 byte 47 byte

Header 1 byte
CSI SC CRC

Payload 47 bytes
P CSI: Convergence sublayer identifier SC: Sequence Count CRC: Cyclic Redundant Check P: Parity
2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 53

Data Communication and Computer Networks

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2007

AAL loi 2
VBR Cc ng dng analog
CS 11001101010101.1010101010101110010.

SAR

A A L 2
CSI SC

45 byte 45 byte Header 1 byte Payload 45 bytes

45 byte Trailer 2 byte

IT

LI

CRC

CSI: Convergence sublayer identifier SC: Sequence Count IT: Information Type

LI: Length Indicator CRC: Cyclic Redundant Check

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

AAL loi 3/4

C kt ni hoc khng kt ni 2 ch
Message stream Bit stream

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

AAL loi 5
Vn chuyn lung d liu cho cc nghi thc hng kt ni lp trn

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

CPCS PDUs

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

V d truyn AAL 5

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

ATM tm tt
ATM l nghi thc chuyn mch cell, khi kt hp vi B-ISDN s cung cp cc kt ni tc cao cho cc mng trn th gii Mt cell l mt khi thng tin nh c kch thc c nh Cc ATM cell bao gm 53 byte (5 byte header v 48 byte d liu) Trong ATM, khng c s khc bit v thi gian x l cc cell (kch thc bng nhau) Chc nng chuyn mch v tch/ghp knh trong ATM c th c thc hin bng phn cng ATM dng k thut TDM bt ng b v da trn cc mch o thng trc UNI l giao tip gia ngi dng v b chuyn mch ATM NNI l giao tip gia 2 b chuyn mch ATM
Data Communication and Computer Networks 2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 59

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2007

ATM tm tt
Kt ni gia 2 im u cui c thc hin thng qua cc ng truyn dn (TP), ng truyn o (VP), v mch o (VC) Mt kt ni o l t hp ca mt VPI v mt VCI ATM nh ngha 3 lp
AAL chp nhn truyn dn t cc dch v lp trn v nh x chng vo cc ATM cell Lp ATM cung cp dch v tm ng, qun tr lu thng, chuyn mch v ghp/tch knh Lp vt l nh ngha mi trng truyn dn, truyn dn cc lung bit, m ha v bin i tn hiu dng in sang dng quang

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

ATM tm tt
AAL c chia lm 2 lp con
Convergence sublayer (CS) tng thm chi ph v x l dng d liu trm gi; thc hin cch cng vic ngc li trm nhn Segmentation and Reassembly (SAR) trm gi, phn on d liu thnh cc gi kch thc bng nhau, thm header v trailer; thc hin chc nng ngc li trm nhn

C 4 loi AAL, mi loi dng cho mt loi d liu khc nhau

AAL1 dng d liu tc khng i AAL2 dng d liu tc thay i AAL3/4 chuyn mch gi truyn thng (mch o hoc datagram) AAL5 cc gi khng cn thng tin t lp SAR

lp ATM, header 5 byte c thm vo mi on d liu 48 byte

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2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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2007

ATM tm tt
Mt lp dch v ATM c nh ngha bi thuc tnh tc bit do ngi dng yu cu QoS ph thuc vo hiu sut kt ni v c th c phn loi
QoS lin quan ngi dng QoS lin quan mng

Traffic descriptors implement service classes and QoS attributes Mc d ban u c thit k cho WAN, ATM vn c th c dng trong LAN LAN Emulation (LANE) cho php b chuyn mch ATM hot ng nh b chuyn mch LAN
Data Communication and Computer Networks 2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 62

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2007

c thm
W. Stallings, Data and Computer Communications (7th edition), Prentice Hall 2003, chapter 11 Broadband Forum Web site Frame Relay forum ITU-T website

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

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