NHM 1 SVTH: L HONG PH BI HONG MINH CHU NGUYN NGC BCH C TRNG NGHIP

Khi nim v hng liu

Hng liu l nhng cht thc vt c mi thm nng, mt hn hp c s kt hp hi ha gia nguyn liu c bn thin nhin v tng hp. Mi nguyn liu c bn c lu lng bc hi c trng: nhiu pht, nhiu gi, c khi c nhiu ngy, Hng liu c th c tm thy t nhng nguyn liu c bn cng nh c th tng hp c. Mi loi hng liu c mt mi hng c trng ca n.

Ni dung bi thuyt trnh

Gii thiu v tinh du

Gii thiu v nha thm

Cc cht sinh hc hay dng trong m phm

Tinh du

Phn b tinh du
Trn th gii c khong 2500 loi cy c cha tinh du, mi nm sn lng ca tinh du thin nhin vo khong 20000 tn Tr lng ca tinh du ph thuc vo iu kin kh hu v th nhng Tinh du c nhiu trong h: long no, hoa mi, cam, sim, hoa tn C trong cc b phn nh: hoa, r, thn, l

Tnh cht vt l
Trng thi: nhit thng a s tinh du th lng, tr methol, camphor l th rn . Tinh du gn nh khng tan trong nc v d bay hi . Tinh du thng c v cay v hc

Tnh cht ha hc chung

nh sng Nha ha mt phn tinh du

Khng kh

Nc

Tnh cht ha hc ring

1 2 3 4

Ancol oxi ha thnh andehit axit Hp cht c ni oi oxi ha hoc cng hp Ceton , andehit + kim b andol ha Cc nhm chc khc c th tham gia vo phn ng ha hc thay i tnh cht ca tinh du

Thnh phn ha hc ca tinh du: Hydrocacbon

- Monoterpen (n=1)
Monoterpen mch h

Miaxen

Hoa houblon

Oximen

Hoa nguyt qu

Monoterpen mt vng

Limonen

Cam

Chanh

Thng

Monoterpen hai vng

Pinen

Thng

Camphen

Oi hng

- Sesquiterpen (n=1,5)

Famesen

Chanh

Ginibenzen

Gng

- santalen

- santalen

n hng

 Alcol

Menthol

Bc h

- terpineol

Ht u khu

Bomeol

Iso-bomeol

Long no

Alcol cinamic

Qu

Citronelol

Hoa hng

Rhodiol

Phong l tho

Geraniol

Khuynh dip

Nerol

Hoa hng

Linalol

Hoa lan chung

Phenol v etherphenol

Thymol

Bch l hng

Estragol

Hng qu

Eugenol

inh hng

Anethol

Hi

Iso- eugenol

Linh lan

Safrole

X x

Iso - safrole

Hoa linh lan

Eucalyptol

Trm

Aldelhyl

Aldehyl cuminic

Th l

Citronellal

S java

Citral a

Citral - b

S chanh

M tin tho

Ceton

etyl heptenon

S chanh

Pulegon

Bc h

Carvon

Phng phong

Verbenon

M lin tho

Irone

Din v

Ester

Ethyl anthranilate

Nho

Isoamyl acetate

Ht ca cao

Benzyl acetate Tuberose

Ethyl nonylate

To

Lynatyl acetate Bergamot

Benzyl propionate

Du

Cc hp cht khc
Lacton

Ambretolit

Ht x hng tho
Hp cht c nit

Coumarim

X hng

Methyl anthranilate

Hoa cam

Mt s loi cy cho tinh du ph bin Vit Nam

Hoa hng

Tr xanh

Cam

Oi hng

Chanh

Bi

Nha thm

Phn b trong t nhin

Nha thm thin nhin bao gm nha sinh l chy ra t nhin t cy ci v nha bnh l chy ra t cc vt thng ca cy. C rt nhiu loi cy c nha thm nh h thng, h trm, h trm tuy nhin c mt s loi nh thng phi chch vo cy mi thu c nhiu nha

Phn loi

Bom
Nha

Nha thm
Nha du

Tnh cht vt l
Nha thm l cc cht v nh hnh c mu, c mi thm. Khi tng nhit , nha chy mm ra, trong sut hoc si bt Khng tan trong nc, tan trong cn

Nha
Nha l nhng cht rn v nh hnh, nhit bnh thng c trng thi rn, khi gia cng s chy mm ra, khng th dng phng php chng ct li cun ly nha

Trm hng

Nha nh hng

Nha du
Nha du l hn hp ca nha v tinh du nhit thng c trng thi mm na lng, chng hn nh nha du ca thng, ca c na c th thu phn hi ca nha du bng phng php chng ct hi nc.

Nha thng

Cy c na

Bom
L nha du cha nhiu acid benzoic, cinamic dng t do v kt hp, chng hn nh bom tolu, bom peru

Acid cinamic

Acid benzoic

Mt s loi cy cho nha ph bin Vit Nam

D bu

Khuynh dip

C na

Thng

Ankaloid

S. William Pelletier (1983) :

Alkaloid l nhng hp cht hu c co cha N. co d vong. phn b gii hn trong sinh vt.
nh ngha ny bao gm cac alkaloid
co N trong h d vong (i a s alkaloid) co N ngoi h d vong (colchicin, capsaicin...)

co ngun gc thc vt ln ng vt
31

Ngun gc
T thc vt Thng thng cc Alkaloid, trch t Dicotyledones (hai l mm), Monocotyledones (mt l mm) , Cryptogames (hoa n), cc n hoa c nhiu mch nh Lycopodiaceae (HoaThch tng) cha rt nhiu Alkaloid.

 T ng vt
(Phyllobates aurotaenia)
ch phi tiu c

(Bufo bufo)

Cc

(Salamanders)

K nhng

?!!?

batrachotoxin pumiliotoxin

serotonin bufotenin, bufotenidin

samanin samandarin
34

Tetraodon miurus

Puffer Fish

Tetrodotoxin

35

Phn loi
1. Alkaloid pyrrol va pyrrolidin
O
N H
N H

O N Me N

pyrrol

pyrrolidin

hygrin

Me

cuscohygrin

Me

An thn, gy ng

2. Alkaloid pyrrolizidin: thng c vi gan

HO
N

CH2OH N

pyrrolizidin

retronecin
36

3. Alkaloid tropan: c tnh, ngn cn dn truyn t/h thn kinh

N OH N

OH

tropanol (atropin)
COOH N OH

tropan

scopanol (scopin)

Gin ng t, tr co tht

OOC

CH

Ph

ecgonin
COOMe N OOC Ph

CH2OH

hyoscyamin
An thn
O N OOC CH Ph

cocain

Gim co tht rut, tr au bng, lot t trng

CH2OH

(benzoyl)

scopolamin

37

4. Alkaloid pyridin va piperidin

Cau
COOMe

N Me

pyridin

nicotin

Arecolin (tr giun) iu ha nhp tim

Lu
O
O N H

N H

N Me

Piperidin

Lobelin: an thn tr ng c

Isopelletierin Tr giun sn 38

5. Alkaloid indol, indolin (1)

COOH
N N H Me Me

N H

N H

NH2

indol
HO

trytophan
NH2

gramin
COOH NH

N H

Me

N H

indolin

Serotonin gim au, thuc ng

abrin
Cam tho dy

kiu indol alkylamin

39

5. Alkaloid indol va indolin (2)

Me
Me N O N Me Me

N H

N H

N Me

kiu eseran

Eserin Tr tng nhn p

N H

N H Me

kiu -carbolin

harmin
40

5. alkaloid indol va indolin (3)

N H

COOH N Me

kiu ergolin :
N H
N H

ergolin kiu strychnan :

N O O

acid lysergic

MeO MeO O N O

strychnin
C trong ht m tin
Kch thch tiu ho n ngon, d tiu

brucin
iu ho a/s mau
41

5. Alkaloid indol va indolin (4)

kiu yohimban
MeO N H O OMe OMe OOC N OMe OMe OMe

Reserpin: h huyt p Cy ba gc
N H O OMe OH N
MeO N H O O OMe OMe N

yohimbin

Ajmalicin:chng ung th 42

6. Alkaloid indolizidin
OH HO
N

OH

HO

indolizidin 7. Alkaloid quinolizidin

Castanospermin: tr tiu ng Inh. glucosidase

N
N

quinolizidin

Spartein: tr lon nhp tim

43

8. Alkaloid quinolein

quinolein

HO R N N

acridin

HO R N N

quinin (R = OMe) cinchonin (R = H) Cy canh ki na

quinidin (R = OMe) cinchonidin (R = H)

44

9. Alkaloid iso-quinolein (1)

quinolein

iso-quinolein

kiu benzyl isoquinolein,

kiu aporphin, kiu morphinan,

kiu protoberberin,
kiu protopin, kiu emetin, . . .
45

9. Alkaloid iso-quinolein (2)

kiu benzyl isoquinolein

MeO MeO N OMe OMe

MeO MeO N Me OMe OMe

Papaverin Thuc phin; dn c

Laudanosin Gy m ton thn

46

9. Alkaloid iso-quinolein (3)

kiu aporphin
MeO
N R

MeO

Me

Me

Aporphin/ Parkinson
HO

nuciferin / Sen
MeO

roemerin / Binh vi

morphin

O N Me

O N

Codein
Me

Gim au-gy t

HO

HO

kiu morphinan

47

9. Alkaloid iso-quinolein (4)

MeO

MeO

N MeO MeO

kiu protoberberin
O O N MeO MeO
MeO MeO

palmatin

N MeO MeO

Berberin/nhimtrng ng rut

Rotundin/an thn/gim au
Bnh vi
48

9. Alkaloid iso-quinolein (5)

kiu emetin
MeO MeO N Et CH2 H N OMe OMe

Ngoai ra cn cc kiu

- bisbenzyl iQ,
- protopin,

phtalid iQ,

benzophenanthridin . . .
49

10. Alkaloid quinazolin

O N N O OH O N N N O HO N

St rt

-dichroin

-dichroin

(Thng sn, Dichroa febrifuga Saxifragaceae) 11. Alkaloid imidazol

N N H
Me N N H O O Et

imidazol

Pilocarpin/tng nhn p
50

Vai tr ca ankaloid trong t nhin

L nhng cht chuyn ha th cp, cht bi tit hoc l sn phm cui trong qu trnh chuyn ha ca thc vt. L nhng cht d tr Nit, tham gia vo chu trnh Nit trong thc vt. i khi l nhng cht tch ly dn t thc n (Kin ly alkaloid. t l cy; ch, Cc n kin ch, Cc c alkaloid.) L nhng cht bo v, chng cc sinh vt n thc vt. L v kh ha hc trong t v, cn trong qu trnh sinh tn nht l ng vt (C, Cc, K nhng ...)
51

Alkaloid thng c hot tnh sinh hc mnh n rt mnh

Kh nhiu cht c s dng trong y hc.

Mt s cht dng lm cht c dng trong sn bn (tubocurarin / Curar) Mt s cht qu c, khng dng trong y hc (Gelsemin trong L ngn). Nhiu cht c thm tc ng nguy hi n x hi (gy nghin, ma ty, o gic)
52

Khi thc vt c nhm alkaloid, th tc dng ca dc liu thng do nhm alkaloid. (trong thng do 1 alkaloid. ch yu). Trn h thn kinh - kch thch TKTW - c ch TKTW : cafein, strychnin : morphin, codein

- kch thch trc giao cm : ephedrin

- lit trc giao cm

- lit ph giao cm

: yohimbin
: atropin
53

- kch thch ph giao cm : pilocarpin

 Trn cc c quan khc - Gy t - Gim ho : cocain : Codein - Gim au : morphin

- Gim co tht : Papaverin

- Tr st rt

: Quinin

- Dit giun sn : Arecolin

- Dit khun : Berberin, Emetin - H huyt p : Reserpin - Tr ung th : Taxol, Vincristin, Vinblastin, Vincamin

54

Flavonoid

1. nh ngha, ngun gc, c trc, phn loi. 1.1. nh ngha

Flavonoid l mt nhm hp cht t nhin ln thng gp trong thc vt, phn ln c mu vng. V cu trc ho hc, flavonoid c khung c bn theo kiu C6 C3 - C6

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1.2. Ngun gc

Cng ging vitamin C, cc flavonoid c khm ph bi mt trong nhng nh sinh ha ni ting nht ca th k 20: Albert Szent-Gyorgyi (1893-1986). ng nhn gii Nobel nm 1937 vi nhng khm ph quan trng v cc c tnh ca vitamin C v flavonoid.

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1.3. Cu trc Flavonoids l mt chui polyphenolic gm c 15 nguyn t cacbon v hai vng benzen lin kt bi mt ng thng c 3 cacbon

Khung trn, c th c m t h thng nh: C6C3- C6

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Cu trc ha hc ca flavonoids c da trn c s l mt khung 15C vi mt CHROMANE vng thm B th hai v tr 2, 3 hay 4.

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1.4. Phn Loi: Flavonoid c cu trc mch C6C3C6, u c 2 vng thm. Ty thuc vo cu to ca phn mch C3 trong b khung C6C3C6, flavonoids c phn thnh cc phn nhm sau:

Eucoflavonoid
flavon, flavonol, flavanon, flavanol, chalcon, antocyanin, anthocyanidin Isoflavonoid isoflavon, isoflavanon, rotenoid Neoflavonoid calophylloid

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1.4.1. Eucoflavonoid

Flavon (= Flav-2-en-4-on)

Flavonol (= 3-Hydroxy-4oxoflav-2-en)

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R hong cm

Thng

Cy u phng

62

Flavanon (= Flavan-4-on)

Flavanol (= Flavan-3-ol)

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chalcon

anthocyanin

anthocyanidin

Chalcon c ch yu trong mt s cy h Cc - Asteraceac tp trung nhiu nht v cy, g li (keo, bch n, d, u tng, trinh n hong cung, dng x).Khng tm thy ng vt.

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1.4.2. Isoflavonoid

isoflavan

isoflavonoid

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1.4.3 Neoflavonoid

neoflavan

Neoflavonoid

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calophylloid

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Phn t ca cc hp cht cc phn nhm trn u c 2 vng thm, mang nhm hydroxyl vi s lng v v tr khc nhau, ty thuc tng cht Cc hp cht ny c cu trc mch C6C3C6, nhng khung cu ni C3 gia 2 nhn th khc nhau ty thuc tng loi hp cht

Mch cu ni C3 c th l mch h (chalcon), mt vng n (flavanon) hoc vng c ni i (flavon,flavonol)

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2. Tnh cht

Flavonoid to c phc vi cc ion kim loi m chnh cc ion kim loi ny l xc tc ca nhiu phn ng oxy ha.
Do tng phn nhm ca flavonoid c cu to ring, chng va c tnh cht chung va c nhng khc bit v tnh cht vt l v ha hc Trong thc vt cc hp cht trn thng tn ti di dng hn hp ca cc dn xut, vi t l khc nhau, ty thuc ngun gc thc vt
5/22/2012 69

2.1. Eucoflavonoid
2.1.1. Flavon, flavonol - L hp cht phn cc nn tan trong nc, t tan trong dung mi hu c . - H t giy c nh dch chit trn ming l ammoniac cho mu vng sng . - Acid sunfuaric nh ln cc dn cht flavon, flavonol cho mu vng m - Dung dch SbCl5/CCl4: mu vng m

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2.1.2. Flavanon, flavanol

+ Cc dn xut flavan-3,4-diol u khng mu, c tnh quang hot. + Flavanon, flavanol c trong l, v hoc g ca mt s loi cy. Flavanon, flavanol l cc cht khng mu, nhng khi tc dng vi dung dch acid v c th c mu . + D b oxi ha v trng hp ha nn vic phn lp cht tinh khit gp kh khn.

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2.1.3. Chalcon
+ Km bn trong mi trng kim. + Tc dng vi dung dch FeCl3: cho kt ta xanh thm hoc xanh nht tu theo s lng nhm hydroxyl trong phn t. + D tan trong nc nng, ru, .to dung dch khng mu, khng tan trong cc dung mi khng phn cc hoc t phn cc nh benzene hoc chloroform. + Di tc dng ca H+ hoc OH-, chalcon c th chuyn sang flavanon + Khi to lin kt glycosid phn ng ni vo v tr 4, mt s 2.
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2.1.4. anthocyanidin, antocyanin + Anthocyanidin c tnh base mnh to thnh mui bn vi acid v c. + Chng to dung dch mu trong acid v mu xanh da tri trong mi trng kim. + dng base t do, anthocyanidin l cht ng phn vi flavanon. + L dn xut ca flavon m nhm carbonyl b kh thnh ru.

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+ Cc dn xut flavan-3,4-diol u khng mu, c tnh quang hot. + Khng mu, nhng khi tc dng vi dung dch acid v c th c mu .

+ D b oxi ha v trng hp ha nn vic phn lp cht tinh khit gp kh khn.

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+ Anthocyanidin thng tn ti di dng glycozit, gi l anthocyanin.

+ Mt vi hp cht kiu anthocyanidin
OH OH HO O OH OH melacacidin OH

OH OH HO O OH OH ( ) leucorobinetinidin OH

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2.2. Isoflavonoid (isoflavon, isoflavanon, rotenoid)

Isoflavonoids tt c khng c mu sc. N c to thnh t axetat theo c ch ng vng vi phenylalamine, cinnamate dn xut c st nhp vo vng B v C-2,-3, v-4 ca d vng.

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Tc dng ca flavanoid
Chng c

Add Your Text

Flavanoid

Chng oxi ha

Bo v gan

Tng co bp ca tim

STEROID

A. Gii thiu chung v steroid:

I. Steroid:
L ester phc tp ca ru a vng sterol vi cc acid bo cao phn t, l mt nhm hp cht c cu trc tng t nhau c trong ng vt v thc vt.

 L cc hp cht cht bo hu c ha tan c ngun gc t 12 nhin hoc tng 11 13 hp, c cng thc t 17 nguyn 14 9 t cacbon sp xp 1 8 10 thnh 4 vng v bao 2 gm cc sterol v 3 5 7 axit mt, thng 4 6 thn, v kch thch t gii tnh

R
17

16 15

IV. Phn loi:

Steroid c nhiu trong thin nhin v chng to thnh mt nhm hp cht phn phi rng khp trong ng thc vt.
Sterol - Vitamin D - Acid mt - Cc hormon sinh dc - Sapogenin
-

Chng bao gm:

B. Mt s hp cht steroid c bn:

I. Sterol:
Sterol c trong m v du thc vt, l nhng cht kt tinh. Trong phn t ch cha cc chc alcol.
Sterol tn ti dng t do hoc dng ester vi cc acid bo cao phn t.
11 1 10 4 5 6 9 12 13 14 2 3 8 7 17 16 15

Khung sn c bn ca sterol:

1.Cholesterol:
Ngun gc:
Thut ng tn gi c ngun gc t ch Latinh

chole l mt. Ln u tin cholesterol c tch ra t si mt (si mt gm 90% l cholesterol). C nhiu trong m bo ng vt nh mt,mau, no, sa, c quan sinh dc .
Trong t nhin, cholesterol dng t do hay ester ha (cholesterid) vi acid bo. thc vt, cholesterol c hm lng thp hn thng c trong rong , v chanh, khoai ty, l mm u nnh, du u nnh, to

1.1. Khi qut v Cholesterol:

Cng thc phn t: C27H46O Cng thc cu to:
11 19 1 2 3 10 5 4 6 9 8 7 14 15 12 13 16 21 20 18 17 23 27 22 24 25 26

HO

Cu dng:

C6H17

HO

Tnh cht vt l

+ L alcol bc 2, tan km trong nc, tan nhiu trong HCl3.

+ L cht rn kt tinh, t0nc= 1490C, c tnh quang hot [] = -390

Vai tr:
Gi vai tro quan trng trong s hnh thnh cu trc t bo v cac kch thch t (hormon). Cholesterol km tan trong nc, n khng th tan v di chuyn dng t do trong mu. Thay vo o, n c vn chuyn trong mu bi cc lipoprotein, o l cc vali-phn t tan trong nc v bn trong mang theo cholesterol v m. Cac protein tham gia cu to b mt ca mi loi ht lipoprotein qui nh cholesterol s c ly khi t bo no v s c cung cp cho.

Hai phn t quan trng l: Lipoprotein c mt thp (LDL): chuyn ch phn ln lng cholesterol c trong mu, cung cp cholesterol cho t bo, n l cholesterol c nh hng xu n con ngi. Lipoprotein c mt cao (HLP) c tng hp v chuyn ha gan v rut, c tc dng tt cho sc khe do n vn chuyn cholesterol v gan bi tit ra ngoi. * Ngi c hm lng cholesterol trong mu cao thng c nguy c au tim hn nhng ngi c cholesterol bnh thng hay thp.

1.4 Hm lng cholesterol trong thc phm

Tn thc phm Hm lng Tn thc phm Cholesterol (mg%) 2500 B 1790 Scla 600 Tim heo
400 375 Tht g hp Sa bt ton phn Li b D dy con M heo

c heo Lng trng Trng ton phn Bu dc b Bu dc heo

Hm lng Cholesterol (mg%) 270 172 140

120 109

Gan g Pho mt Gan ln

440 406 300

108 95 95

Mt s Sterol khc: - Ergosterol:

+ Cht ny c trong nm, l, qu, v r ca nhiu loi cy.

+ Cng thc PT: C28H44O

C8H15
HO

HO

Mt s Sterol khc (tt) : - Stigmasterol:

+ l sterol thc vt, c lp t du u nnh v nhiu loi thc vt khc

+ Cng thc PT: C29H48O

C10H19
HO

HO

B. Mt s hp cht steroid c bn (tt): II . VITAMIN D ( calciferol ) :

1. Cng thc v tnh cht :
L dn xut ca sterol , trong c th mi u l provitamin D v khi c chiu sng bng tia t ngoi s tr thnh Vitamin D .

Vitamin D c nhiu trong du , gan , c bin , lng trng , du thc vt , rau xanh .

2 dng quan trng nht l D2 , D3

R

HO
HO

Vitamin D3

Vitamin D2

II . VITAMIN D ( calciferol ) (tt):

2. Tac dng - Tng cng s hp thu Canxi v Photpho mng rut. - iu chnh Photphat ca thn. - Thiu Vitamin D gy nn bnh coi xng tr em v long xng ngi ln.

B. Mt s hp cht steroid c bn (tt) : III . Acid mt : 1. Khi qut :

Acid mt c trong ti mt ca ng vt, hnh thnh bi s oxh cholesterol. - Acid mt thng dng amid ca axit cholic, acid allocholic vi glycin (NH2-CH2-COOH) hoc vi taurin ( NH2CH2-CH2SO3H).
-

- Cc acid mt c gi li trong c th dng phc mt, nhng phc ny khi thy phn s gii phng cc acid mt t do v tip tc tham gia to phc vi cc acid hu c thnh rut.

III . Acid mt(tt): Chc nng quan trng tiu th du m, chng tn ti dng mui kim , c chc nng nh ha cht bo thm vo rut . Acid mt c hp th tr li sau qu trnh tiu ha ( 90 % ).

2. Cc acid mt thng gp (tt) : a) Acid cholic

L mt acid mt, khng mu, trong sut, khng tan trong nc ( tan trong cn v acid acetic), nhit nng chy 200- 2010C .
-

Trong mt cng nh trong rut tn ti mt lng acid cholic t do do s thu phn glycocholic v taurocholic di tc dng ca vi khun
-

2. Cc acid mt thng gp (tt) :

b. Chenodeoxycholic acid
- Mui ca n c gi l chenodeoxycholates - Trong sut khng tan trong nc (tan trong cn v acid acetic)

- Acid Chenodeoxycholic c tng hp t cholesterol.

- Acid Chenodeoxycholic v acid cholic l nhng acid mt quan trng nht ca con ngi .

2. Cc acid mt thng gp (tt) : c. Deoxycholic acid

- Acid Deoxycholic ho tan c trong ru cn v axit axetic. N dng tinh khit, khng mu trong sut. - Trong c th chng c tc dng nh tng ho, v c ng dng lm thuc thng mt ,ngn nga,ho tan si mt

2. Cc acid mt thng gp (tt) : d. Ursodeoxycholic acid

-Acid Ursodeoxycholic gip iu chnh cholesteron bng cch gim bt nhp hp thu ca thnh rut.

- Chnh nhng thuc tnh ny ursodeoxycholic c dng x l nhng si mt.

B. Mt s hp cht steroid c bn (tt) :

IV . Hormon :

Cc hormon thuc loi steroid c to thnh tuyn sinh dc nam v n.

Phn loi hormon

+ Hormon sinh dc

+ Hormon tuyn thng thn

IV . Hormon (tt)
1) Hormon sinh dc :

+ Hormon sinh dc n : estrogen, progesterol, + Hormon sinh dc nam : aldosterol, testosterol,

IV . Hormon (tt)
Hormon sinh dc n :
- Hormone sinh dc n ch yu c tit ra t bung trng nn cn gi l hormon ca bung trng gm 2 loi chnh l estrogen v progesteron.

Hormon sinh dc n (tt):

-Tc dng
xut hin v bo tn c tnh sinh dc n: pht trin c quan sinh dc, pht trin lp m m di da, ging ni trong, dng mm mi. Tc dng ln t cung +v c t cung.
+ Lm

+ Cc tc dng khc: kt ta cholesterol trong huyt tng, gim nguy c bi x va ng mch ph n .

Hormon sinh dc n (tt):

2. Progesteron :
CTPT: C21H30O2

CTCT:
T0nc l 1280C k thng

Progesterol c tit ra ch yu th vng vo cui chu k kinh nguyt. Progesterol c bn cht ha hc l hp cht steroid c tng hp t cholesterol hoc t acetyl coenzimA.

2. Progesteron :
Lm nim mc t cung pht trin, c ch rng trng Tc dng : L cht to iu kin cng c v pht trin trng th tinh thnh phi.

Hormon sinh dc nam c gi vi tn chung l androgen gm:

Andosterol
Testosterol Dehydroepiandosteron

Dehydrotestosteron

Hormon sinh dc nam

Testosteron
Ngun gc :
- Tit ra trong dch hon - Tit ra tuyn thng thn

Hormon sinh dc nam

Testosteron
Tc dng
Kch thch s pht trin ng sinh dc ngoi ca bo thai nam. Lm xut hin v bo tn cc c tnh sinh dc nam. Tc dng ln xng

IV . Hormon :

Hormon tuyn thng thn:

Hormon v thng thn costicosteroid c 21C, phn t c mt chc ceton v cha alcol.

Cc hormon ny iu kin s trao i cht khong, nc, gluxit trong c th. Cc cht tiu biu nhm ny l hydrocortizon v cortizon

V. Sapogenin
Thut ng saponin c dng ch mt nhm glycozit c c tnh chung l khi ha tan vo nc s c tc dng gim sc cng b mt ca dung dch v to nhiu bt. Di tc dng ca enzym thc vt hoc vi khun hoc vi acid long, saponin thy phn to thnh genin- gi l sapogenin v phn ng gm mt hoc nhiu phn t oza nh : D- glucoza, D- glactoza, Larabinnoza, L- gamnoza, Mt vi saponin c thm cc oza c bit.

Da vo cu trc sapogenin, ngi ta chia lm 2 nhm ln: sapogenin triterpen v sapogenin steroid. Sapogenin steroid tp trung ch yu trong cy 1 l mm, trong khi Sapogenin triterpen c nhiu trong cy 2 l mm. Sapogenin do khng cn phn ng gn vo chng, l cc cht phn cc yu nn rt t tan trong nc, tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c.

V. Sapogenin

V. Sapogenin
Sapogenin cung cp nhiu loi thuc quan trng. Mt s tc dng chnh: Tc dng long m, du ho: cam tho, vin ch, cam tho t, H cholesterol trong mu: ngu tt, c xc, Tc dng b, tng cng sinh lc: saponin trong h nhn sm. Gim au nhc khp xng: ngu tt, c xc, kim cang, th phc linh,

Nhn sm

Cam tho

Cam tho dy

TECPEN

1. Thnh phn
Tecpen l tn goi cua nhom hirocacbon khng no. Thng co cng thc chung l (C5H8)n vi n2, thng gp trong gii thc vt. Co nhiu trong tinh du thao mc nh tinh du thng, hi, sa, qu, cam, chanh,

2. Cu to
Tecpen co cu to mch h hoc mch vng v co cha cac lin kt i C=C C10H16 Oximen Trong tinh du l hng qu

C10H16 Limonen Trong tinh du chanh, bi

2. Cu to

Otto Wallach (1847-1931) Nh ho hc c, gii nobel nm 1910 do nhng cng trnh nghin cu v cc hp cht alixiclic (ch yu l Tecpen)

Tecpen dng nh c to thnh do isopren kt hp vi nhau theo kiu u ni vi ui

 Theo nghia rng: Tecpen l nhng hp cht cha C, H, O m b khung cacbon gm nhiu mt xch ging vi khung cacbon ca isopren, tc l c th biu din bi cng thc (iso-C5)n vi n2, n l s khung cacbon
Loi tecpen Khung cacbon S lng C V d

Monotecpen Secquitecpen

(iso-C5)2 (iso-C5)3

10
15 20 30 40

itecpen
Tritecpen

(iso-C5)4
(iso-C5)6

C10H16, C10H18O, C10H16O C15H24, C15H24O, C15H22O C20H32, C20H32O, C20H30O C30H50, C30H50O C40H56

Tetratecpen

(iso-C5)8

NGUN TECPEN THIN NHIN

Tecpen c ngun thin nhin no ?
L Thn Thc vt Hoa ng vt Tinh du Lng trng

Qu
R Du gan c
121

Tnh cht
Tinh du l loi sn phm khng tan trong nc,d bay hi, khc vi du m, khi ta nh ln giy th khng li du vt g, d bc chy cao,d thm qua da v qua ng h hp. Ngoi ra, tinh du cn c mt s tnh cht dng cha bnh. V d: Tinh du gan c: cung cp vitamin A v D, cht chng oxi ha, bo v mng t bo Tinh du gc: tt cho mt, no, chng ung th mnh

* Dn xut cha oxi cua Tecpen cung rt ph bin v quan trong

+ Retinol ( vitamin A , C20H29OH) co trong lng trng v du gan ca

+ Phitol ( C20H39OH) dng este co trong cht dip lc cua cy xanh

ng dng
Dng lm hng liu cho thc phm ch bin nh ru bia, banh ko, nc gii khat.V d nh: tinh du bc h. Dng lm hng liu cho du thm, nc hoa, du gi du, kem anh rng.xitro. V d nh: tinh du hoa hng, tinh du g trm hng. Dng lm nguyn liu cho cong nghip dc phm. V d: tinh du gan ca, tinh du gc,tinh du bc h..

 Cng nghip dc phm : thuc cha bnh,bng dn c nhn,du xc....

Squalen (C30H50) c trong du gan c Retinol (vitamin A, C20H29OH) c trong lng trng, du gan c

Cng nghip thc phm: bnh ko,du n,sa,nc gii kht... - Caroten v licopen (C40H56) l sc t mu ca c rt v c chua chn

Cng nghip m phm: nc hoa,kem anh rng...

Tinh du gan c mp
Dc phm:
Tc dng chng vi trng (Antimicrobial Activity) Tc dng chng virus (Antiviral Activity) Tc dng chng oxi ho (Antioxidant Activity) Tc dng gim au (Analgesic Activity) Tc dng tiu ho (Digestive Activity) Tc dng chng ung th (Anticarcinogenic Activity)

Turmeric Essential Oil: Ngn nga hnh thnh vt nhn, vt nm, cho da mn mng ti tr... Star Anis Essential Oil: Gip trn tnh tinh thn, tng lng qu cm, xa b cm gic c n, lnh gi... Chamomile Essential OIL: Gii c cha au u,chng mt... Grape Fruit essential Oil: Gip mc tc, chng rng tc. Cho tc en di v mt m. Pepermint essential Oil: Th gin, lm sch khng kh...

Khai thc tecpen

Phng php thng dng khai thc tecpen thc vt l chng ct vi hi nc li cun ly tinh du t cc b phn cha nhiu tinh du thc vt nh r ,thn, hoa, l Sn xut tinh du hoa oi hng:

Cu hi trc nghim
Morphin l thnh phn quan trng nht ca loi cy no : a. Thuc l b. C ph c. Thuc phin d. Cy canh kina ap n: C

Tecpen c nhiu trong a. Cc loi mi hng t ng vt b. Tinh du c. Nm men d. B v C ng

ap n B

S dng cafein liu cao s gy: a. Lo lng, mt ng, run v tng co bp tim b. Tnh to, hng phn c. Gim au, kch thch tiu ha d. Tnh to, hng phn kch thch tiu ha ap n: A

Tinh du ngh c tc dng a. Khng khun, nm, lm lnh vt thng ngn nga hnh thnh vt nhn, vt nm. b. Gip mc tc, chng rng tc c. Gii c cha au u chng mt d. Gip th gin lm sch khng kh ap n A

Metol l tecpen c mi a. S b. Cam c. Chanh d. Bc h ap n D

Cocain trong y hc s dng a. H huyt p b. Gy m c. Thuc gim au d. Thuc h st, chng st rt ap n C

Steroid l bao gm nhng hp cht no a. Sterol v vitamin D b. Acid mt v sapogenin c. Cc hormon sinh dc d. Tt c u ng
ap n D

Cng dng ca flavonoid l g: a. Chng oxi ha b. Lm cht kch thch c. Dng lm hng liu d. Tt c u ng ap n A