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N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B
Thng 5 nm 2012
GVHD:Nguyn Th Xun Mai
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TRNG I HC LC HNG
c lp - T do - Hnh phc
NHIM V N
H v tn sinh vin:
MSSV: 108002343
2008
Khoa: CNSH-MT
Tng quan
Tnh ton s b
Thit k ch to hm sy
Tnh thit b ph
Cc bn v chi tit.
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MC LC
DANH SCH CC HNH .........................................................................................9
DANH SCH CC BNG ........................................................................................9
CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIU QU CHUI ...........................10
1.1. Cc loi chui chnh Vit Nam ..........................................................10
1.2. c im c bn ca chui ...................................................................10
1.3. Gi tr dinh dng ca qu chui ..........................................................11
1.4. Cng dng ca chui .............................................................................11
1.5. Tnh cht vt l c bn ca chui..........................................................12
CHNG 2. TNG QUAN V PHNG PHP SY CHUI ..........................13
2.1. Bn cht ca qu trnh sy.....................................................................13
2.2. Phn loi qu trnh sy ..........................................................................13
2.3. Nhn t nh hng n qu trnh sy chui .........................................14
2.4. Cng ngh sy chui .............................................................................15
2.4.1 chnh ca chui nguyn liu ..............................................................15
2.4.2. H tr vic ra bt chui bng ho cht ................................................16
2.4.3. Hiu qu dit khun ca tia cc tm .......................................................16
2.4.4. Xc nh m cn bng ca chui sy ................................................16
2.4.5. Cc ch tiu cht lng ca chui sy xut khu ...................................17
2.5 Cng ngh sy chui qu........................................................................17
CHNG 3. PHN TCH, LA CHN PHNG PHP, DNG V CH
SY ...........................................................................................................................20
3.1. Cc yu cu t ra ca vic thit k ......................................................20
3.1.1. Lng m cn bay hi tnh theo gi ......................................................20
3.1.2. La chn phng php sy ....................................................................20
3.2. Chn ch sy ........................................................................................20
GVHD:Nguyn Th Xun Mai
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1.2. c im c bn ca chui
Chui l mt loi qu di, v nhn v hu nh c quanh nm. Chui c
ngun gc t khu vc Malaysia. Loi tri cy ny bt u tr nn ph bin trn th
gii t th k 20 v pht trin tt nht nhng ni c kh hu nhit i. Chng c
trng ch yu phc v cho m thc, cho vic sn xut si bng, dng trong ngnh
cng nghip dt v ch to giy. Chng ta c th thng thc loi qu ny bng
cch n trc tip qu khi chn, hoc c th ch bin thnh nhiu mn n hp dn
khc nhau t chui, chng hn nh cc loi bnh chui, cc mn salad hoa qu,
bnh nng, cc mn trng ming,...
Chui cng c nhiu mu sc v kch c khc nhau. Khi chn, qu chui c
th c mu vng, mu sm, hoc mu ta (hay mu trng quc). C tt c hn 50
loi chui khc nhau trn th gii. c im chung v hnh dng ca chui l qu
chui c gn kt vi nhau thnh bung, mi bung c chia thnh nhiu ni, v
trn mi ni c khong t 10 n 20 qu . Chui l mt trong nhng qu rt tt v
GVHD:Nguyn Th Xun Mai
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Axit
Tinh
hu
bt
kh
Prtit
Axit
amin
(mg %)
c
76,38
14,18
2,35
0,326 3,298
0,92
0,083
1,13
0,068
0,565
0,7
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Di :8 20 cm
m vt liu sy:
2 =15 20 %
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Vt liu m
(VL G1-W1)
Qut cp
khng kh
ngoi tri
(t0;0)
t0=27 C;
Bung
(tM;M)
Hm
(t1;1)
sy
(t1;1) thi
ra ngoi
(L)
ha trn
0=79%
Vt liu
(L0)
Calorifer
Lc bi
(t2;2)
(L0)
kh
Kh-hi
(VLK G2-W2)
Nc ngng
Qut hi
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0=79%
ta xc
kg_m/kg_kkk
Entanpi ca khng kh:
I0 = 1,004t0 + d0(2500 + 1,842t0) = 1,004.27 + 0,042(2500 + 1,842.27)
= 74,27 kJ/kg_kkk
Nh vy khng kh ngoi tri (0) c:
t0=270C,
0=79%,
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LH
L-
L0
W
n=
d2 -dM
W
-1
d2 - d0
Ta rt ra c:
(
(
Thay vo vi:
t1 = 80oC, t2 = 50oC, d0 = 0,0185 kg_m/kg_kkk, r = 2500 kJ/kg,
Cpk = 1,004 kJ/kg., Cpa = 1,842 kJ/kg., n = 1.
Ta c:
cha hi ca khng kh ra khi thit b sy l:
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=0,043 kg_m/kg_kkk.
Entanpi ca khng kh ra khi thit b sy l:
I2 = 1,004.t2 + d2.(2500 + 1,842.t2)
= 1,004.50 + 0,043.(2500 + 1,842.50)
= 161,66 kJ/kg_kkk
Phn p sut bo ha ca hi nc nhit t2 = 50oC l pbh2=0,12335
bar (tra bng 3, trang 192, [1])
m tng i ca khng kh ra khi thit b sy:
2. kq
bh2
2=
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I1 = 161,72 kJ/kg_kkk.
4.2 Lu lng khng kh kh l thuyt
4.2.1 Lng khng kh kh l thuyt lu chuyn trong thit b sy
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(tM=38,7oC;M=68,07%)
Qut cp
khng kh
ngoi tri
o
t0=27 C;
Vt liu m
(200kg/h-80%)
(t1=80oC;1=9,7%)
Hi nc bo ha
(t1=80oC;1=9,7%)
Bung
Hm
(M)
sy
(L)
ha trn
thi ra
ngoi
0=79%
Vt liu
Calorifer
Lc bi
Kh-hi
kh
(45,45%-12%)
Nc ngng
Qut hi
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. Do
th s xe gong cn thit l:
(
.
Ta ch to d ra 2 xe, do vy tng s xe gong cn ch to l 12 xe.
4.4.3 Kch thc ca hm sy
Hm sy c xy dng theo kch thc m bo thun li vic di chuyn ca
cc xe gong, thun tin cho vic y xe vo cng nh ko xe ra khi hm sy.
Hm sy c xy dng theo cc kch thc s b sau:
a) Chiu rng ca hm sy
Chiu rng ca hm ph thuc vo chiu rng ca xe gong. Ta ly d ra 2
pha mp tri v mp phi ca xe l 100mm xe di chuyn dc theo hm sy c
d dng:
b) Chiu cao ca hm sy
Chiu cao ca hm ph thuc vo chiu cao ca xe goong. Ta ly d ra pha
mp trn ca xe l 150mm xe di chuyn dc theo hm sy c d dng:
c) Chiu di ca hm sy
), mt
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Ta c:
+ 779,1= 4425,5kJ/h
3,5343
m2.
V vy tit din t do l: Ftd= 3,5343
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Vi:
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[9]).
1 l b dy ca tng 1= 0,2m.
V vy
Vi h s gin n th tch:
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Vi qmax=q=63,84oC.
Sai s ny nm trong phm vi cho php.
Tng bn c kch thc l:
Ft=(Hh.Lh).2= (1,89.14).2=53m2
Tng c xy bng gch dy t=200mm=0,2m, c h s dn nhit t=0,77
W/m. (tra bng I.126, trang 128, [9]). Ta xc nh c:
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So vi iu kin chn
chn t2=50 oC l hp l.
Nh vy, khng kh ra khi thit b sy (2t) ta c:
t2t=50 oC,
2=
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kg_m/kg_kkk, IMt
Mt=
115,373 kJ/kg_kkk.
4.6.3 Thng s khng kh sau khi ra khi Calorifer (i vo thit b sy) (1t)
Khng kh sau khi ra khi Calorifer i vo thit b sy l trng thi im (1t)
c:
cha hi ca khng kh sau khi ra khi Calorifer l:
d1t = dMt= 0,02975 kg_m/kg_kkk
Entapi ca khng kh sau khi ra khi Calorifer l:
I1t = 1,004t1t + d1t(2500 + 1,842 t1t)
= 1,004.80 + 0,02975(2500 + 1,842.80)= 159,08 kJ/kg_kkk
Phn p sut bo ha ca hi nc nhit t1t=80oC l
pbh1=0,4736bar (tra bng 3, trang 192, [1]).
m tng i ca khng kh sau khi ra khi Calorifer l:
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, d1t=
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= 3720,01 kJ/kg_m
C th thy rng nhit lng tiu hao q , tng nhit lng c ch v cc tn tht q
phi bng nhau. Tuy nhin trong qu trnh tnh ton chng ta lm trn hoc sai s
trong tnh ton cc tn tht m chng ta phm phi mt sai s no . Chng ta
kim tra sai s ny. y sai s tuyt i:
q = q q = 3885,07 3720,01 = 165,06
Hay sai s:
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Gi tr
hiu
[kJ/kg_m]
Nhit lng c ch
q1
2479,24
66,64
Tn tht do tc nhn sy
q2
1043,27
28,04
Tn tht do vt liu sy
qvl
18,81
0,5
qTBTT
30,43
0,82
Tn tht ra mi trng
qMT
148,26
3,98
3720,01
100
3885,07
100
Sai s tuyt i
STT
i lng
4,2
Nhn xt: Qua bng cn bng nhit ta nhn thy tn tht nhit do vt liu sy
mang i ch chim mt phn r nh (khong 0,5%), tn tht ra mi trng v thit
b truyn ti cng chim khng ng k so vi tng tn tht. Tn tht ch ch yu l
do vt liu sy mang i.
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, do vy m bo yu cu t ra ta chn nhit ca hi
bo ha l
Do nhit ngng t l:
p sut ngng t l:
Vi cng sut nhit ca calorifer yu cu trong qu trnh tnh ton sy thc
trn ta c
l r=2257kJ/kg
Lng hi vo calorifer yu cu l:
ng xp so le vi ng bc ngang.
, bc ng dc l
GVHD:Nguyn Th Xun Mai
.
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. ng knh cnh l
Chiu dy cnh ly l
.Bc
cnh l
Nhit lm vic cho php ti a ca cnh ng 250oC (phn 3, trang 36,
[3]).
Do cnh c lm t ng nn ng sut cho php ca ng c tnh theo 2
cng thc sau:
[ ]
(cng thc 1 4, trang 13, [4]).
[ ]
(cng thc 1 3, trang 13, [4]).
H s an ton l:
15, [4]).
H s hiu chnh kim tra bn l: [ ]
[4]). Ly
Vy
[ ]
[ ]
H s mi hn ca cnh v ng l: h = 0,95 (bng 1-8, trang 19, [4]).
Ta cn xc nh din tch b mt ngoi cc ng c cnh l
Vi
.
.
Do t s :
GVHD:Nguyn Th Xun Mai
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l:
Trong
l h s lm cnh, vi cnh trn th c xc nh qua biu thc:
Vi hi nc bo ha ngng nhit
. Ta c nhng thng s
vt l ca nc ngng bo ha nh sau:
,
r = 225kJ/kg,
ca ng, do
rt ln nn
rt nh. Ta gi thit
(sau ta phi
)
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Thay vo ta xc nh c:
[
Ta tra ra c cc thng s vt l ca
khng kh nh sau:
Do vy:
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l:
L h s hiu qu lm cnh:
T s:
vi:
v tch s
Tra ra ta c
. Do vy:
do
phi tha mn
nn ta c:
(sai lch so vi
l:
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l:
[ ]
(cng thc 1 9,
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[ ]
(cng thc 5-11, trang 97, [4]).
Vy b dy thn l 2mm
Do thit b lm vic p sut kh quyn v iu kin lm vic bnh thng
nn ta ly b dy ca thn, np v y l bng nhau v bng 2mm
c) Tnh ton tn tht p sut (tr lc) ca dng khng kh(TNS) chuyn ng ct
ngang qua Calorifer:
Tr lc ca khng kh bao gm tr lc ma st v tr lc cc b c tnh gn
ng theo quan h sau:
Trong :
Z: S hng ng, y Z = 15
Tc ca dng khng kh qua khe hp ca Calorifer, y
GVHD:Nguyn Th Xun Mai
7m/s.
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)
(
(
)
)
(
(
)
)
(
Thay vo ta c:
5.2. Qut
Qut l b phn vn chuyn khng kh v to p sut cho dng kh i qua cc
thit b: calorifer, my sy, ng ng, cyclon. Nng lng do qut to ra cung cp
cho dng kh mt p sut ng hc di chuyn v mt phn khc phc tr lc
trn ng ng vn chuyn.
Nng sut ca qut c c trng bi th tch kh i vo hay i ra thit b sy.
5.2.1. Tnh tr lc:
5.2.1.1. Tr lc t ming qut n calorifer
Chn ng ni t qut n caloriphe c ng knh l 0,38 m, di 2m.
-Vn tc kh i trong ng l:
(kg/m3) tM = 38,70C
Ta c
F=
d2
4
3,14 0,38 2
0,1134 ( m2)
4
L = 12937,78 (Kg/h)
Vy
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Chun s Reynol l :
Regh<Re<Ren
10 4
2,63 .10 4 thuc trong khong 8.10 5 1250.10 5
0,38
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0,1 1,46
100
Re
0, 25
l 2
2d
36 ,186 (N/m2)
2 0,38
5.2.1.2. Tr lc do calorifer
- Nhit trung ca khng kh nng trong calorifer l:
ttb =
80 27
53,5 o C
2
L
3600 . .F
F = 1,87.1,07 =2 (m2)
Vi
kk
12937 ,78
1,66 (m/s)
3600 1,081 2
-Chun s Reynol l:
Re =
kk d td
1,66 .0,38
34456
18,307 .10 6
Trong : S1- khong cch gia cc trc ng theo phng ct ngang ca dng
chuyn ng (theo chiu rng ca dng), S1 = 98 mm.
GVHD:Nguyn Th Xun Mai
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Vy tr lc do caloriphe l:
2
27 ,92 2
P2
7,22 1,081
10 ,75 (N/m2)
2
2
5.2.1.3. Tr lc do t m vo calorifer
-Din tch ca mt ct ngang ca ng y
2
0.38
2
Fo =
0,113m
2
F0 0,113
0,0565
Ft
2
2
2
0,905 1,081
27 ,92 2
381,3 (N/m2)
2
0,38 2
0,113 (m2)
4
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L
12937,78
31,89 (m/s)
3600 . .F2 3600 .1.0,113
-Chun s Reynol:
Re =
kk .d 27 ,92 0,38
503063
21,09 * 10 6
F2 0,113
0,0565
Ft
2
kk 2
2
22 ,88 (N/m2)
.l. . 2
2.d
5.2.1.6. Tr lc t m vo phng sy
-Din tch mt ngang ng Fo = 0,113 m2
-Din tch ngang ca phng sy F1 = H.R =1,87 . 1,89 = 3,5343 m2
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Vy tr lc t m vo phng sy l:
P6
2
2
0,94 1,081
27 ,92 2
396 (N/m2)
2
t2 = 500C
c: 1,093 (Kg/m3),
Chun s Reynol : Re =
d 27 ,92 0,38
= 591064
17 ,95 10 6
27 ,92 2
0,9 1,093
383 ( N/m2)
Vy tr lc P7
2
2
Ta c th chn
H p = 2201,836 (N/m2)
5.2.2. Tnh chn qut:
p sut lm vic ton phn: (cng thc II.238a, (trang 463, [9]):
H = Hp
273 t 0 760 k
293
760
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H = 2381,3 (N/m2)
T cc th c tuyn ca qut (trang 485, [9]), ta chn qut II 4.70No16 , c
nng sut khong 7000 m3/h; hiu sut khong 0,65.
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KT LUN
H thng sy chui bng phng php sy hm c nng sut khng cao (4000
kg/ngy) nn sau khi tnh ton, kich thc thit b cng nh mt vi thng s tnh
ton cng cha ph hp vi cc thng s thit b trn thc t. Cc ti liu v sy
chui cng cha tht r rng sinh vin c th tnh ton ht mi thng s ca h
thng.
Vic thit k, tnh ton cc h thng sy ph thuc rt nhiu vo cc s liu thc
nghim nh cc s liu m ban u, ng cong gim m, ng cong tc
sy, Tuy nhin, do iu kin khng cho php nn trong phm vi n ny khng
th thc hin th nghim thc t trn nguyn liu chui. Do , cc s liu v
phng php tnh ton trn y da vo nhiu ngun ti liu khc nhau dn n
vic khng ng nht trong tnh ton cng nh sai s trong kt qu sau cng.
Mc d h thng sy hm nay c s dng kh ph bin trong cng nghip
thc phm nhng do cc sinh vin cha c tham quan thc t nn a phn cc
tnh ton cn thin v l thuyt, i ch cha hp l v khng khoa hc. Chng em
mong thy c nhn xt v hng dn thm gp phn hon thin n mn hc
hn.
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