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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui

N MN HC QU TRNH V THIT B

THIT K H THNG SY CHUI BNG HM SY

Sinh vin thc hin:


TRN TH THU HIN

B Mn: Cng Ngh Sinh Hc

Gio vin hng dn:


KS. Nguyn Th Xun Mai

Thng 5 nm 2012
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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui


B GIO DC V O TO

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

TRNG I HC LC HNG

c lp - T do - Hnh phc

NHIM V N
H v tn sinh vin:

Nguyn Th Dung MSSV: 108002516


Nguyn Th Hin

MSSV: 108002343

Trn Thu Thu Hin MSSV: 108003357


Kha:

2008

Khoa: CNSH-MT

Ngnh: Cng Ngh Sinh Hc

1. u n: Thit k h thng sy chui


2. Cc s liu v d liu ban u:

m ban u 80%, m sn phm kh 12%

Nng sut nhp liu: 4tn /20h

Khng kh bn ngoi: 27oC v m 79%

Ch sy: nhit tc nhn vo 80 oC, thi gian sy trong 8 gi

Ngun cung cp nng lng: Hi nc bo ha

3. Ni dung thuyt minh v tnh ton:

Tng quan

Quy trnh cng ngh

Tnh ton s b

Thit k ch to hm sy

Tnh thit b ph

4. Cc bn v, th ( ghi r cc loi v kch thc bn v):

Bn v quy trnh cng ngh.

Cc bn v chi tit.

5. H tn ging vin hng dn: Nguyn Th Xun Mai


6. Ngy giao nhim v n: 15/3/2012
7. Ngy hon thnh n: 18/5/2012
Bin Ha, ngy 18 thng 5 nm 2012
Ch nhim b mn

Ging vin hng dn

Sinh vin hon thnh n v np n QT-TB ngy.thngnm 2012


Cn b phn bin

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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui

NHN XT CA GING VIN


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LI M U
Trong nhng nm gn y nn nng nghip nc ta t c nhiu thnh
tu to ln. Ngoi vic p ng nhu cu tiu dng ni a, nc ta bt u xut
khu nng sn cng vi cc ch phm ca n. Do vic ng dng cc cng ngh
mi ng mt vai tr ht sc quan trng. Trong , cng ngh sy l khu quan
trong trng trong cng ngh sau thu hoch, ch bin v bo qun nng sn.
Sy l mt qu trnh cng ngh c s dng trong rt nhiu ngnh cng
nng nghip. Qu trnh sy khng chi l qu trnh tch nc v hi nc ra khi vt
liu mt cch n thun m l mt qu trnh cng ngh. N i hi sau khi sy vt
liu phi m bo cht lng cao, tiu tn nng lng t v chi ph vn hnh thp.
thc hin qu trnh sy ngi ta s dng mt h thng gm nhiu thit b nh
thit b sy (hm sy, thp sy, thng sy, v.v), thit b t nng tc nhn
(clorifer) hoc thit b lm lnh lm kh tc nhn, qut, bm v mt s thit b
ph nh hm t, xyclon, v.v Chng ta gi h thng cc thit b thc hin mt
qu trnh sy c th no l mt h thng sy.
Hm sy l mt trong nhng h thng sy i lu thng dng nht. Nu h
thng sy hm l h thng sy tng m, nng sut khng ln v c th t chc cho
tc nhn sy i lu t nhin hoc cng bc th h thng sy hm c nng sut ln
hn, c th sy lin tc hoc bn lin tc v lun lun l h thng sy i lu cng
bc.
Sy nng sn l mt quy trnh cng ngh phc tp. N c th thc hin trn
nhng thit b sy khc nhau. ng vi mt loi nng sn ta cn chn ch sy
thch hp nhm t nng sut cao, cht lng sn phm sy tt v tit kim nng
lng.
Trong n ny, em c giao nhim v thit k mt h thng sy dng cho
vic sy sn phm l qu chui chn. Vi nhim v , em la chn cng ngh sy
hm vi tc nhn sy l khng kh c gia nhit v nh qut thi vo. H thng
nu c lp t ti thnh ph Bin Ha vi nhit khng kh v m trung
bnh trong nm l t = 27,3oC; = 79%[10].
y l ln thit k n sy u tin nn trong qu trnh thit k cn nhiu bt
cp l thuyt, v kin thc cn hn ch, knh mong qu thy c thng cm v tn
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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui


tnh gip . Nhn tin y em xin chn thnh cm n C Nguyn Th Xun Mai
tn tnh hng dn chng em hon thnh n ny.
Bin Ha, ngy 18 thng 5 nm 2012
Ngi thit k

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MC LC
DANH SCH CC HNH .........................................................................................9
DANH SCH CC BNG ........................................................................................9
CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIU QU CHUI ...........................10
1.1. Cc loi chui chnh Vit Nam ..........................................................10
1.2. c im c bn ca chui ...................................................................10
1.3. Gi tr dinh dng ca qu chui ..........................................................11
1.4. Cng dng ca chui .............................................................................11
1.5. Tnh cht vt l c bn ca chui..........................................................12
CHNG 2. TNG QUAN V PHNG PHP SY CHUI ..........................13
2.1. Bn cht ca qu trnh sy.....................................................................13
2.2. Phn loi qu trnh sy ..........................................................................13
2.3. Nhn t nh hng n qu trnh sy chui .........................................14
2.4. Cng ngh sy chui .............................................................................15
2.4.1 chnh ca chui nguyn liu ..............................................................15
2.4.2. H tr vic ra bt chui bng ho cht ................................................16
2.4.3. Hiu qu dit khun ca tia cc tm .......................................................16
2.4.4. Xc nh m cn bng ca chui sy ................................................16
2.4.5. Cc ch tiu cht lng ca chui sy xut khu ...................................17
2.5 Cng ngh sy chui qu........................................................................17
CHNG 3. PHN TCH, LA CHN PHNG PHP, DNG V CH
SY ...........................................................................................................................20
3.1. Cc yu cu t ra ca vic thit k ......................................................20
3.1.1. Lng m cn bay hi tnh theo gi ......................................................20
3.1.2. La chn phng php sy ....................................................................20
3.2. Chn ch sy ........................................................................................20
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3.3. S cng ngh ca h thng sy ............................................................21
CHNG 4: TNH TON CN BNG NHIT M CA H THNG SY ....22
4.1 Cc thng s ca khng kh trong h thng sy.....................................22
4.1.1 Thng s ca khng kh ngoi tri ..........................................................22
4.1.2 Thng s ca khng kh sau thit b sy ................................................22
4.1.3 Thng s ca khng kh sau bung ha trn ...........................................24
4.1.4 Thng s ca khng kh sau Calorifer ....................................................25
4.2 Lu lng khng kh kh l thuyt ........................................................25
4.2.1 Lng khng kh kh l thuyt lu chuyn trong thit b sy ................25
4.2.2 Lu lng khng kh kh ngoi tri l thuyt cp vo thit b sy ........26
4.3. Cc thng s trng thi ca tc nhn sy ..............................................26
4.4 Xc nh kch thc ca thit b sy .....................................................26
4.4.1 Kch thc ca khay sy .........................................................................27
4.4.2 Kch thc ca xe gong .........................................................................27
4.4.3 Kch thc ca hm sy ......................................................................28
4.5 Tng cc tn tht nhit trong h thng sy ............................................29
4.5.1 Tn tht nhit do vt liu sy mang i ....................................................29
3.5.2 Tn tht nhit do thit b truyn ti .........................................................29
4.5.3 Tn tht nhit qua kt cu bao che .........................................................30
4.6 Tnh ton qu trnh sy thc ...................................................................34
4.6.1 Thng s ca khng kh sau thit b sy ................................................35
4.6.2 Thng s ca khng kh sau bung trn .................................................35
4.6.3 Thng s khng kh sau khi ra khi Calorifer ........................................36
4.7 Lu lng khng kh kh thc t cn dng ...........................................37
4.7.1 Lng khng kh kh thc t lu chuyn trong thit b sy ...................37

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4.7.2 Lng khng kh kh ngoi tri thc t cp vo cn thit .....................37
4.8 Nhit lng cn cung cp cho tc nhn sy t Calorifer .......................38
CHNG 5. TNH TON CC THIT B PH THIT K CALORIFER CHN QUT ...........................................................................................................40
5.1. Tnh ton thit k calorifer ....................................................................40
5.1.1 Cc thng s c bn yu cu thit k calorifer ...................................40
5.1.2 Tnh ton thit k calorifer: .....................................................................40
5.2. Qut .......................................................................................................47
5.2.1. Tnh tr lc: ............................................................................................47
5.2.2. Tnh chn qut: .......................................................................................52
KT LUN ...............................................................................................................54
TI LIU THAM KHO ...........................................................................................55

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DANH SCH CC HNH


Hnh 1.1. Hnh dng qu chui.........................................................................10
Hnh 2.1. Chui sy thnh phm ......................................................................19
Hnh 3.1. S cng ngh ca h thng ......................................................... 21

DANH SCH CC BNG


Bng 1.1. Thnh phn ha hc c bn ca chui ............................................ 11
Bng 5.1 Cn bng nhit ca h thng sy...................................................... 39

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CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V NGUYN LIU QU CHUI


1.1. Cc loi chui chnh Vit Nam
Chui c nhiu loi nhng c 3 loi chnh:
- Chui tiu ( cn gi l chui gi )
- Chui gong ( cn gi l chui ty, chui s, chui Xim )
- Chui bom

H nh 1.1. Hnh dng qu chui


http://amthucbonmua.vn/nhung-thong-tin-thu-vi-vequa-chuoi-366.html

1.2. c im c bn ca chui
Chui l mt loi qu di, v nhn v hu nh c quanh nm. Chui c
ngun gc t khu vc Malaysia. Loi tri cy ny bt u tr nn ph bin trn th
gii t th k 20 v pht trin tt nht nhng ni c kh hu nhit i. Chng c
trng ch yu phc v cho m thc, cho vic sn xut si bng, dng trong ngnh
cng nghip dt v ch to giy. Chng ta c th thng thc loi qu ny bng
cch n trc tip qu khi chn, hoc c th ch bin thnh nhiu mn n hp dn
khc nhau t chui, chng hn nh cc loi bnh chui, cc mn salad hoa qu,
bnh nng, cc mn trng ming,...
Chui cng c nhiu mu sc v kch c khc nhau. Khi chn, qu chui c
th c mu vng, mu sm, hoc mu ta (hay mu trng quc). C tt c hn 50
loi chui khc nhau trn th gii. c im chung v hnh dng ca chui l qu
chui c gn kt vi nhau thnh bung, mi bung c chia thnh nhiu ni, v
trn mi ni c khong t 10 n 20 qu . Chui l mt trong nhng qu rt tt v
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c nhiu cng dng, c bit l chui chn cy. Khi chn, tinh bt c trong chui s
c chuyn ha thnh ng t nhin, v v th chui chn thng c v ngt du
v thm.
1.3. Gi tr dinh dng ca qu chui
Thnh phn ha hc c bn ca qu chui
Gm cc cht:
Nc ng Sacaroza

Axit

Tinh

hu

bt

kh

Prtit

Axit

Lipit Tanin Vitamin Tro

amin

(mg %)

c
76,38

14,18

2,35

0,326 3,298

0,92

0,083

1,13

0,068

0,565

0,7

ng 2.1. Thnh phn ha hc c bn ca chui

Chui cha mt lng ln protein v hyrat-cacbon. Trong chui cn bao


mt s loi ng khc nhau nh ng glucozo, ng lactoza, ng mantoza,
ng galactoze, ng sucrza (ng ma), ng fructoza, v tinh bt. Chui
cng rt giu cc loi vitamin nh Vitamin A, C,E, Vitamin B2, sinh t R, dng
cht niacin, Vitamin B12 v mt s khong cht nh st, canxi, magi, photpho,
km v florua. Ngoi ra cn c cc axit amin thit yu nh cht tryptophan, lizin,
leuxin, glyxin, khong cht acginin cng c trong thnh phn ca chui. Trong
mt qu chui, n c th cha trung bnh mt lng calo l 100 n 125 calo. C
th ni, chui l mt loi qu rt tt cho sc khe v l mt loi thc phm rt giu
nng lng.
1.4. Cng dng ca chui
Chui c dng nh mt phng thuc cha bnh rt hiu qu. Hn na,
do chng c cha lng ng kh cao nn cng c xem nh mt loi thc phm
giu nng lng. Vi nhng gi tr dinh dng thit yu, loi hoa qu ny mang li
mt s li ch cho sc khe.
- Chui rt tt trong vic ci thin h tiu ha v khi phc chc nng hot
ng ca rut. Chui cng gip ch gim thiu b to bn. Trong trng hp b tiu
chy, c th chng ta s mt mt lng cht in gii quan trng, nu n chui s
gip c th khi phc li cht in gii, v trong chui c cha lng kali cao.
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- Axit bo c trong chui xanh gip nui dng cc t bo nim mc d dy.
Nhng t bo ny rt c hu ch trong vic hp th canxi mt cch hiu qu, rt cn
thit cho s pht trin khe mnh ca h xng.
- Cht amino acid tryptphan c trong chui s c chuyn i thnh cht
serotonin, gip gim thiu cc triu chng trm cm v ci thin tm trng. Nh
vy, chui l mt phng thuc rt tt nhm gim cng thng v tnh trng b stress.
- n chui thng xuyn gip gim nguy c thoi ha im vng, mt trong
nhng nguyn nhn gy gim th lc ngi cao tui.
- Do cha hm lng kali cao v lng natri thp, nn chui chnh l s la
chn thch hp gim thiu nguy c b huyt p cao v t qu.
- Chui cng rt giu cc hp cht phenolic gip chng lo ha, v th n
chui thng xuyn cn gip ngn nga nguy c ung th thn.
- Do hm lng st cao nn chui gip tng thnh phn hemoglobin trong
mu v gim thiu bnh thiu mu.
1.5. Tnh cht vt l c bn ca chui
-

Khi lng ring: = 977 kg/m3

Nhit dung ring: c = 1,0269 kJ/kg.

H s dn nhit : = 0,52 W/m.

Kch thc ca qu chui: ng knh: 2 5 cm

Di :8 20 cm

Khi lng : 50 200 gr

m vt liu sy:

m ca chui trc khi a vo sy: 1 = 75 80 %

m ca chui sau khi sy :

2 =15 20 %

Nhit sy cho php: t = (60 90) 0C

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CHNG 2. TNG QUAN V PHNG PHP SY CHUI


2.1. Bn cht ca qu trnh sy
Sy l s bc hi nc ca sn phm bng nhit nhit thch hp, l qu
trnh khuch tn do chnh lch m b mt v bn trong vt liu, hay ni cch khc
do chnh lch p sut hi ring phn b mt vt liu v mi trng xung quanh.
2.2. Phn loi qu trnh sy
Ngi ta phn bit ra 2 loi:
Sy t nhin: nh tc nhn chnh l nng, gi... Phng php ny thi gian
sy di, tn din tch sn phi, kh iu chnh v m cui cng ca vt
liu cn kh ln, ph thuc vo iu kin thi tit kh hu.
Sy nhn to: qu trnh cn cung cp nhit, ngha l phi dng n tc nhn
sy nh khi l, khng kh nng, hi qu nhitv n c ht ra khi thit
b khi sy xong. Qu trnh sy nhanh, d iu khin v trit hn sy t
nhin.
Nu phn loi phng php sy nhn to, ta c:
Phn loi theo phng thc truyn nhit:
Phng php sy i lu: ngun nhit cung cp cho qu trnh sy l nhit
truyn t mi cht sy n vt liu sy bng cch truyn nhit i lu. y l
phng php c dng rng ri hn c cho sy hoa qu v sy ht.
Phng php sy bc x: ngun nhit cung cp cho qu trnh sy l thc hin
bng bc x t mt b mt no n vt sy, c th dng bc x thng,
bc x hng ngoi.
Phng php sy tip xc: ngun cung cp nhit cho vt sy bng cch cho
tip xc trc tip vt sy vi b mt ngun nhit.
Phng php sy bng in trng dng cao tng: ngun nhit cung cp cho
vt sy nh dng in cao tn to nn in trng cao tn trong vt sy lm
vt nng ln.
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Phng php sy thng hoa: c thc hin bng lm lnh vt sy ng thi
ht chn khng cho vt sy t n trng thi thng hoa ca nc, nc
thot ra khi vt sy nh qu trnh thng hoa.
Phng php sy tng si: ngun nhit t khng kh nng nh qut thi vo
bung sy mnh v lm si lp ht, sau mt thi gian nht nh, ht kh
v c tho ra ngoi.
Phng php sy phun: c dng sy cc sn phm dng lng.
Bc x: s dn truyn nhit bc x t vt liu nng n vt liu m.
Phn loi theo tnh cht x l vt liu m qua bung sy:
Sy m: vt liu ng yn hoc chuyn ng qua bung sy nhiu ln, n
khi hon tt s c tho ra.
Sy lin tc: vt liu c cung cp lin tc v s chuyn ng ca vt liu
m qua bung sy cng xy ra lin tc.
Phn loi theo s chuyn ng tng i gia dng kh v vt liu m:
Loi thi qua b mt.
Loi thi xuyn vung gc vi vt liu.
2.3. Nhn t nh hng n qu trnh sy chui
Trong qu trnh sy chui qu xy ra mt lot bin i ha sinh, ha l, cu trc
c hc v cc bin i bt li khc, lm nh hng ti cht lng sn phm. Nhng
bin i c hc bao gm s bin dng, nt, cong queo, bin i xp ... S thay
i h keo do pha rn (protein, tinh bt, ng,..) b bin tnh thuc v nhng bin
i ha l. Nhng bin i ha sinh trong qu trnh sy l nhng phn ng to
thnh melanoidin, caramen, nhng phn ng xy ha v polyme ha cc hp cht
polifenol, phn hy vitamin v bin i cht mu.
Hm lng vitamin trong chui qu sy thng thp hn trong chui qu ti v
chng b ph hy mt phn trong qu trnh sy v x l trc khi sy. Trong cc
vitamin th axit ascobic v caroten b tn tht l do qu trnh xy ha. Riboflavin
nhy cm vi nh sng, cn thiamin b ph hy bi nhit v s sunfit ha.
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trnh hoc lm chm cc bin i khng thun nghch y, cng nh to iu
kin m thot ra khi chui qu mt cch d dng, cn c ch sy thch hp
cho tng loi sn phm.
Nhit sy: Nhit sy cng cao th tc sy cng nhanh, qu trnh cng c
hiu qu cao. Nhng khng th s dng nhit sy cao cho sy chui qu v chui
qu l sn phm chu nhit km. Trong mi trng m, nu nhit cao hn 60oC
th protein b bin tnh; trn 90oC th fructoza bt u b caramen ha, cc phn
ng to ra melanoidin, polime ha cc hp cht cao phn t xy ra mnh. Cn
nhit cao hn na, chui qu c th b chy V vy, sy chui qu thng
dng ch sy n ha, nhit sy khng qu cao.
Ngoi ra, m tng i ca chui, m cn bng .. nh hng trc tip
n qu trnh sy.
2.4. Cng ngh sy chui
2.4.1 chnh ca chui nguyn liu
Chui khi thu hi phi gi ngha, l c th t chn. Tuy nhin chui t
chn th chui chn chm v khng ng lot. Dm d l cch chui chn u v
nhanh.
chn ca chui nguyn liu l mt yu t quyt nh n cht lng chui
sy. C nhiu cch xc nh chn, trong cch xc nh theo mu v l ph
bin nht. Trong ch bin hoc n trng ming chui thng c dng theo 3
chn sau y:
- V vng hai u xanh v ngt m , hi cht, hi cng, cha tht thm, v
cn chc, chui c hm lng ng axit cc i, cn c tinh bt v tanin.
- V vng hon ton v ngt, cht gim, thm,v d bc. ng v axit bt
u gim, tinh bt v tamin cn t.
- V vng c mu chm nu v ngt, thm, khng cht, mm v d gy. ng,
axit hu c gim, tinh bt hu nh khng cn, tamin cn rt thp.

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2.4.2. H tr vic ra bt chui bng ho cht
Trn b mt chui c mt lp bt bao quanh nu khng c loi b s lm
chui c mu trng loang l v x x. loi b lp bt ny ngi ta xoa chui
bng tay trong chu nc cha khong 3kg chui/3 lt nc, mi m cn 2 3
pht.Vic chn ho cht h tr cng vic ny nhm 2 mc ch:
- Gim thi gian thao tc.
- Ci thin mu sn phm.
Ho cht c chn phi r, khng c, khng gy mi v cho sn phm,
khng nh hng ti ngi thao tc v dng c, lm bong nhanh lp bt, c tnh
kh. Thng thng chn mt s ho cht ph bin sau:hn hp dung dch (NaHSO3
v HCl) hoc hn hp dung dch (NaHSO3 v Al2(SO4)3). T hp dung dch hiu
qu nht l (HCl 0,05 % + Al2(SO4)3) 0,5 % . HCl nng trn khng nh hng
xu n ngi sn xut v phng tin bo h lao ng, d mua, d x l, chi ph
thp. C tc dng thay i mi trng cc phn ng ho sinh khng c li v st
trng nh. Phn chua nng trn cng c tc dng st trng nh, tng cng b
mt cu trc cho chui, khng gy v cht, gi r, d s dng.
2.4.3. Hiu qu dit khun ca tia cc tm
Sau khi sy kh chui c lm ngui v phc hi trng thi do ht m tr li
c mm do nht nh (do sy n m di 20%) ri mi ng gi. Thi
gian ny thng t vi gi n vi ngy. Trong mi trng kh quyn thng thng
v khng thc hin nghim chnh v sinh cng nghip, sn phm d b nhim vi
sinh vt. Nhiu c s s dng n tia cc tm dit khun coi l bin php
an ton cn thit cho v sinh thc phm.
2.4.4. Xc nh m cn bng ca chui sy
m cn bng ca chui sy l hm lng nc ca n trong mi trng xc
nh (t v xc nh ca khng kh) m khng xy ra qu trnh nh nc (bc hi)
hay ht nc (hp th) gia n v mi trng.
Chui sau khi sy n m di m cn bng thng l 15 20% sau vi
gi n vi ngy ngoi khng kh s tng hm lng m ti m cn bng. Xc

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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui


nh m cn bng ca chui sy nhm chn m c li khi kt thc sy v
ra cch x l ng gi, bo qun ph hp.
Mun bo qun chui sy tt cn gi m ca n di 25 % tt nht l 20
22 %. Do vy sau khi sy kh nn qut ngui v la chn ng gi ngay, khng nn
ngoi khng kh lu s lm cho m ca chui sy thp hn m cn bng.
Nu cha la chn bao gi ngay th tr trong bao kn ni kh mt hm sau x
l. Bao b cn lm t vt liu chng khng kh m i qua v dn kn.
2.4.5. Cc ch tiu cht lng ca chui sy xut khu
2.4.5.1. Ch tu cm quan
- Trng thi : Mm do, n hi, khng c qunh, chc, cng, sng.
- Mu sc : T nu n vng , tng i ng u trong mt ti, khng c
thm en, nu xn, nu , khng c loang l.
- Mi v :V ngt v mi c trng ca chui sy, khng c cht hay chua
do ln men.
2.4.5.2. Ch tiu l ho
- Kch thc : Loi nguyn qu di khng qu 7 cm
- m : 20 22 %
2.4.5.3. Ch tiu vi sinh vt - cn trng
Lng vi sinh vt tnh bng s t bo/g sn phm
2.5 Cng ngh sy chui qu
Ta la chn cng ngh sy l cng ngh sy hm v ph hp vi tnh cht
ca vt liu sy v yu cu v nng sut khng qu ln nn la chn cng ngh sy
hm l hp l c v yu cu cng ngh vi hiu qu kinh t, vi tc nhn sy l
khng kh c gia nhit nh i qua Calorifer dng kh hi khng kh c nhit
vo khong 80 95oC, c qut thi cng bc vo hm sy. Vn tc ca dng
khng kh nng ph thuc vo lng m thot ra trong mt n v thi gian.
Yu cu i vi chui nhin liu: Chui qu pht trin y , ti tt,
nguyn vn, sch s. V chui mng, d bc, c mu t vng ton tri n vng c
chm nu. Rut chui mm nhng cha nh, hng thm, v ngt, khng cht.
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QUY TRNH CNG NGH:
Chui nguyn liu ( thu hoch)
Phn loi
bc v
ra ha cht(ln 1)
ct lt
ra ln2
sy
phn loi
x l n tia t ngoi (nu c)
ng gi
bo qun
Thuyt minh quy trnh: Chui nguyn liu em ra sch, bc v, ct u ri ra
li v lau nh lm sch cc lp trong v qu cn dnh li v lp ngoi rut qu.
Sau em x l ha cht nh ngm vo dung dch canxi clorua (24%), natri
cacbonat (5%) nhng hiu qu nht l sunfit ha bng phng php kh hoc bng
phng php t. Khi sunfit ha, ngi ta nhng rut chui vo dung dch c hm
lng SO2 t do l (0,2 1)% trong (520)pht. Sau khi x l bng ha cht chui
c cho vo my ct ly ri xp vo cc khay tre hoc nhm v a vo thit b
sy hm hoc bung. Sy nhit 80 95oC cho n khi m ca chui gim
xung cn 10 12%. Sau khi sy xong, cn tin hnh phn loi loi b nhng c
th khng t cht lng (do chy hoc cha t m yu cu). Dng vt liu
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thng dng bo v rau qu kh l giy cctng v cht do (PE, PVC,
xenlophan). Bao giy v hp cctng c c tnh nh, r, c th ti sinh, nhng
thm hi thm kh, khng u di tc dng ca nc v c hc. Bao ti cht do
c c tnh trong sut, n hi, d dng kn bng nhit, chi ph thp nhng c mt
s b thm nc, thm kh (PE), chu nht km (PVC,PET).
Bao ti cht do dng bo qun hoa qu kh c th ch gm mt mng cht
do hoc kt hp nhiu mng.

H nh 2.1. Chui sy thnh phm


(http://www.hoaphatfood.vn/13-chuoi-say.html)

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CHNG 3. PHN TCH, LA CHN PHNG PHP, DNG


V CH SY
3.1. Cc yu cu t ra ca vic thit k
3.1.1. Lng m cn bay hi tnh theo gi
Vi nguyn liu l qu chui a vo h thng sy c m W1 = 80% v
yu cu ca sn phm sy u ra c m l W2 = 12%.
Vi thi lng lm vic ca mt ngy l 20 ting (bao gm tt c cc vic
nh (tho v cht ti). Do trong 1h th lng nguyn liu a vo l:
tn/20h
Do vy nng sut sn phm (VLK) tnh theo gi l:

Lng m cn bay hi trong gi l:

3.1.2. La chn phng php sy


Do sn phm sy l chui qu v c dng lm thc phm cho con ngi nn
phi m bo yu cu v sinh. Do ta s dng phng php sy dng khng kh
lm tc nhn sy. Vi yu cu v c tnh ca loi vt liu sy l chui v nng sut
sy khng qu ln ch dng mc trung bnh nn ta la chn cng ngh sy hm
kiu i lu cng bc dng qut thi.
Khng kh ngoi tri c lc s b ri qua Calorifer kh hi. Khng kh
c gia nhit ln n nhit thch hp v c m tng i thp c qut thi
vo hm sy. Trong khng gian hm sy khng kh kh c thc hin vic trao
nhit - m vi vt liu sy l qu chui lm cho m tng i ca khng kh tng
ln, ng thi lm hi nc trong vt liu sy c rt ra ngoi. Khng kh ny sau
c thi ra ngoi mi trng.
3.2. Chn ch sy
Vi h thng sy l hm v vt liu sy l Chui qu. Ta s gia nhit cho khng
kh ln n nhit t1 = 80oC (la chn theo yu cu cng ngh). Nhit ca
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khng kh ra khi hm sy ta la chn l t2 = 50oC (la chn khng c qu thp
trnh hin tng ng sng bn trong bung sy khi khng kh b qu bo ha).
Do yu cu nhit sy khng qu thp (sy nng) nn ta s dng s sy
khng c t nng trung gian.
Trong h thng sy i lu, tn tht nhit do tc nhn sy mang i l rt ln.
ng thi, sn phm sau khi sy c dng lm thc phm cho con ngi nn yu
cu cht lng kh cao. Do vy, khng kh s dng lm tc nhn sy yu cu phi
sch, trnh s dng lng khng kh ti ngoi tri qu ln va gy tng chi ph
vn hnh v lc bi ca h thng cc phin lc, ta s dng ch sy hi lu mt
phn tc nhn sy. Tc l cho mt phn tc nhn sy sau khi ra khi thit b sy
quay tr li trc hoc sau Calorifer tn dng nhit vt l ca tc nhn sy
nhit t2. Vi ch sy ny gip gim bt chi ph v nng lng v trnh lm
mt hng v ca chui chn.
3.3. S cng ngh ca h thng sy
Tng hp cc yu cu trn v h thng, ta a ra c s h thng p ng c
cc yu cu trn sau:
Hi nc bo ha

Vt liu m
(VL G1-W1)

Qut cp

khng kh
ngoi tri

(t0;0)

t0=27 C;

Bung

(tM;M)

Hm

(t1;1)

sy

(t1;1) thi
ra ngoi

(L)
ha trn

0=79%
Vt liu

(L0)

Calorifer

Lc bi

(t2;2)
(L0)

kh

Kh-hi

(VLK G2-W2)

Nc ngng

Qut hi

H nh 3.1. S cng ngh ca h thng

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CHNG 4: TNH TON CN BNG NHIT M CA H


THNG SY
A Qu trnh sy l thuyt
4.1 Cc thng s ca khng kh trong h thng sy
4.1.1 Thng s ca khng kh ngoi tri
Vi cc thng s ca khng kh ngoi tri cho l t0=270C,

0=79%

ta xc

nh c cc thng s cn li ca khng kh nh sau:


Phn p sut bo ca hi nc nhit t0=270C l pbh0 = 0,0361 bar
(tra bng V.II, trang 100, [10])
cha hi ca khng kh:

kg_m/kg_kkk
Entanpi ca khng kh:
I0 = 1,004t0 + d0(2500 + 1,842t0) = 1,004.27 + 0,042(2500 + 1,842.27)
= 74,27 kJ/kg_kkk
Nh vy khng kh ngoi tri (0) c:
t0=270C,

0=79%,

d0= 0,0185 kg_m/kg_kkk, I0 = 74,27 kJ/kg_kkk

4.1.2 Thng s ca khng kh sau thit b sy (thng s ca khng kh thi


ra ngoi cng nh khng kh hi lu ti bung ha trn)
Vi nhit ca khng kh kh khi c thi vo bung sy l: t1=800C, nhit
ca khng kh khi ra khi bung sy l t2=500C.
Lng khng kh lu chuyn trong thit b sy l: L= LH + L0.
Cn bng m cho ton b h thng sy c: L0.d0 + G1.W1 = L0.d2 + G2.W2
L0.(d2 d0) = G1.W G2.W2 = W (Lng m cn ly i ca vt liu sy).

(cng thc 5.7, trang 57, [8])


Cn bng m cho ring thit b sy c: L.dM + G1.W1 = L.d2 + G2.W2 (cng
thc 5.28, trang 64, [8])
Cn bng m cho ring thit b sy c: L.dM + G1.W1 = L.d2 + G2.W2

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L.(d2 dM) = G1.W G2.W2 = W => L =W.
Ta c h s hi lu:
n=

LH

L-

(cng thc 5.27, trang 64, [8])

L0
W

n=

d2 -dM
W

-1

d2 - d0

Cn bng nng lng cho bung ha trn c:


I0.L0 = I2.LH = (L0 + LH).IM

(cng thc 5.32, trang 65, [8])


Nh vy ti im ha trn M c:
;
Qu trnh sy l thuyt xy ra trong thit b sy l qu trnh ng Entanpi nn
c:
I1 = I2 Cpk.t1 + d1.(r + Cpa.t2) = Cpk.t2 + d2.(r + Cpa.t2)
Do d1 = dM (Qu trnh gia nhit ng dung m xy ra trong Calorifer). Thay
vo c:
(

Ta rt ra c:
(
(

Thay vo vi:
t1 = 80oC, t2 = 50oC, d0 = 0,0185 kg_m/kg_kkk, r = 2500 kJ/kg,
Cpk = 1,004 kJ/kg., Cpa = 1,842 kJ/kg., n = 1.
Ta c:
cha hi ca khng kh ra khi thit b sy l:

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=0,043 kg_m/kg_kkk.
Entanpi ca khng kh ra khi thit b sy l:
I2 = 1,004.t2 + d2.(2500 + 1,842.t2)
= 1,004.50 + 0,043.(2500 + 1,842.50)
= 161,66 kJ/kg_kkk
Phn p sut bo ha ca hi nc nhit t2 = 50oC l pbh2=0,12335
bar (tra bng 3, trang 192, [1])
m tng i ca khng kh ra khi thit b sy:
2. kq
bh2

Nh vy khng kh ra khi thit b sy (2) c:


t2 = 50oC,

2=

51,5%, d2 = 0,043 kg_m/kg_kkk, I2 = 161,66 kJ/kg_kkk.

4.1.3 Thng s ca khng kh sau bung ha trn


Khng kh sau bung ha trn l trng thi im (M) c:
cha hi ca khng kh sau bung ha trn l:
dM
Entanpi ca khng kh sau bung ha trn l:
IM
Nhit ca khng kh sau bung ha trn l:
tM
Phn p sut bo ha ca hi nc nhit t2 = 38,7oC l pbh2=0,068
bar (tra bng 3, trang 192, [1])
m tng i ca khng kh sau bung ha trn l:
2. kq
bh2

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Nh vy khng kh sau bung trn (M) c:
t2 = 38,7oC,

= 68,07%; dM = 0,03075 kg_m/kg_kkk, IM = 117,965 kJ/kg_kkk.

4.1.4 Thng s ca khng kh sau Calorifer (i vo thit b sy)


Khng kh sau Calorifer hay khng kh i vo thit b sy l trng thi im
(1) c:
cha hi ca khng kh sau Calorifer l:
d1 = dM = 0,03075 kg_m/kg_kkk
Entanpi ca khng kh sau bung ha trn l:
I1 = 1,004.t1 + d1.(2500 + 1,842.t1)
= 1,004.80 + 0,03075.(2500 + 1,842.80)
= 161,72 kJ/kg_kkk
Phn p sut bo ha ca hi nc nhit t1 = 80oC l pbh2=0,473
bar (tra bng 3, trang 192, [1])
m tng i ca khng kh sau bung ha trn l:
1. kq
bh1

Nh vy khng kh i vo thit b sy (1) c:


t1 = 80oC,

= 9,7%; d1 = 0,03075 kg_m/kg_kkk,

I1 = 161,72 kJ/kg_kkk.
4.2 Lu lng khng kh kh l thuyt
4.2.1 Lng khng kh kh l thuyt lu chuyn trong thit b sy

(cng thc 5.18, trang 61, [8])


Lu lng khng kh kh l thuyt lu chuyn trong thit b sy l:
Vi nhit trung bnh ca dng kh lu chuyn trong thit b sy l:
ttb= 0,5.(80 + 50) = 65oC = tb = 1,044 kg_kkk/m3_kkk
Do , lu lng th tch khng kh lu chuyn qua thit b sy l:
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4.2.2 Lu lng khng kh kh ngoi tri l thuyt cp vo thit b sy

Lu lng khng kh kh ngoi tri l thuyt cp vo cn thit l:


Vi nhit ca khng kh ngoi tri l
Do lu lng th tch khng kh cp vo cn thit l:

4.3. Cc thng s trng thi ca tc nhn sy

(tM=38,7oC;M=68,07%)

Qut cp

khng kh
ngoi tri
o

t0=27 C;

Vt liu m
(200kg/h-80%)
(t1=80oC;1=9,7%)

Hi nc bo ha
(t1=80oC;1=9,7%)

Bung

Hm

(M)

sy

(L)
ha trn

thi ra
ngoi

0=79%
Vt liu
Calorifer
Lc bi

Kh-hi

kh
(45,45%-12%)

Nc ngng

Qut hi

4.4 Xc nh kch thc ca thit b sy (khay sy, xe gong, hm sy)


p ng yu cu v nng sut. Thit b sy ca ta la chn l hm sy. Vt
liu sy l chui ti c cht ln cc khay v cc khay c cht ln cc xe
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gong y vo hm sy. Sau khi sy xong th m ca hm v a xe gong ra
ngoi.
4.4.1 Kch thc ca khay sy
Khay sy dng xp vt liu sy (chui ti ct lt dy khong 50mm).
Khay sy c ch to t nhm, to hnh bng phng php dp nhm tm bng
c chiu dy 1mm, kch thc ca khay sy l 1200x800, nh hnh v, to g mp
ngoi khong 30mm thun tin trong vic cm nm. Khi lng ca mi khay
sy tnh ra khong 3,5kg/khay.
Din tch phn khay cho php cht ti ln l:
50x1050=0,65(m)x1,05(m)=0,7

Vi kch thc nh vy khi ta cht vt liu sy (chui ti) thnh mt lp ln


trn b mt li thp th trn mi khay cho php cht ln t 20-25 lt ti, vi trng
lng mi ming chui ti l t 450g tr ln th trn mi khay cho php cha t 911,5kg. tnh trung bnh ta la chn trn mi kh cho php cht ln l 10kg.
Do vy vi yu cu nng sut sy l

trn tng thi gian lm vic l

20h trn mi ngy nn s khay cn c ch to l:

4.4.2 Kch thc ca xe gong


Xe gong c ch to t khung Inox khng g, cc thanh Inox rng c tit
din 25x25, dy 1,5mm c hn li vi nhau. Trn mi xe t 12 khay, mi khay
cha c 10kg vt liu sy, cc khy c xp trn mi tng khay t cch nhau
vi khong cch l 100mm m bo lu thng ca tc nhn sy (khng kh
nng) c d dng, di cc chn ca xe c b tr cc bnh xe c th trt c
trn 2 thanh ray lp bn trong hm sy.
Xe gong c ch to c kch thc:
LxWxH(Leng x Width x High)=850x1250x1660mm. Kch thc xe gong
nh vy l ph hp vi iu kin gia cng cng nh ch lm vic ca cng nhn.
Vi kt cu nh vy khi lng ca mi xe vo khong 28kg.

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Trn mi xe gong cho php t 12 khay sy, mi khay cha c 10kg. Do
khi lng VLS trn mi xe l:
Vi thi gian lm vic trn mi ngy l t = 20h, thi gian sy l
sy ht c

. Do

th s xe gong cn thit l:
(

.
Ta ch to d ra 2 xe, do vy tng s xe gong cn ch to l 12 xe.
4.4.3 Kch thc ca hm sy
Hm sy c xy dng theo kch thc m bo thun li vic di chuyn ca
cc xe gong, thun tin cho vic y xe vo cng nh ko xe ra khi hm sy.
Hm sy c xy dng theo cc kch thc s b sau:
a) Chiu rng ca hm sy
Chiu rng ca hm ph thuc vo chiu rng ca xe gong. Ta ly d ra 2
pha mp tri v mp phi ca xe l 100mm xe di chuyn dc theo hm sy c
d dng:
b) Chiu cao ca hm sy
Chiu cao ca hm ph thuc vo chiu cao ca xe goong. Ta ly d ra pha
mp trn ca xe l 150mm xe di chuyn dc theo hm sy c d dng:

c) Chiu di ca hm sy

Chiu di ca hm ph thuc vo chiu di v s lng ca xe gong lm


vic trong hm. Ta ly d ra pha ca vo v ca ra mi pha l 1000mm gip cho
vic y xe goong cng nh ko ra khi hm c thun li:
Trong h thng sy ca ta b tr mt knh dn gi nng(nhit

), mt

knh dn gi thi v mt knh dn gi hi. Cc knh c xy dng vi chiu rng


hp l gip cho vic lp t thit b, vn hnh v bo dng c thun tin. Ta c
c bng v mt bng xy dng hm sy nh sau:

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Vi kt cu xy dng nh trn, tc ca tc nhn sy nng i trong knh dn
vo khong 2,5m/s. Tc ny l hp l gim tn tht p sut cho qut.
Trn nn ca hm c lp 2 thanh ray xe gong c th di chuyn t do dc
theo hm sy.
B QU TRNH SY THC
4.5 Tng cc tn tht nhit trong h thng sy
Khi vn hnh lm vic hm sy tn tht ca HST bao gm cc tn tht sau:
Tn tht do vt liu sy mang i:
Qv [kJ/h]; qv [kJ/kg_m].
Tn tht do thit b truyn ti (khay sy, xe gong):
QTBTT [kJ/h]; qTBTT [kJ/kg_m].
Tn tht do mi trng ca kt cu bao che:
QMT [kJ/h]; qMT [kJ/kg_m].
Ta ln lt xc nh cc tn tht ny nh sau:
4.5.1 Tn tht nhit do vt liu sy mang i qv[kJ/kg_m]
Theo kinh nghim vn hnh h thng vi sn phm sy l nng sn thc phm
th sn phm sy (SPS) i ra khi thit b sy (TBS) c nhit thp hn nhit
ca TNS i vo t 510oC. Do , VLS i ra c nhit l tv2=70oC 10oC =60 oC.
Nhit VLS i vo ng bng nhit mi trng tv1=27 oC.
Nhit dung ring ca Chui l CVL=1,0269 kJ/kg.K, nhit dung ring ca nc
l 4,18 kJ/kg.K vi sn phm u ra l Chui kh c m W2=12%, do nhit
dung ring ca Chui i ra khi hm sy l:
CV2= CVL.(1W2)+Cn.W2=1,0269(1-0,12)+4,18.0,12 1,4 kJ/kg.K
Do vy, tn tht nhit do sn phm sy mang i l:
QVL=G2.CV2.(tv2tv1)=45,45.1,4.(7027) = 2736,09 kJ/h

3.5.2 Tn tht nhit do thit b truyn ti qTBTT [kJ/kg_m]


Ta c: QTBTT = Qkh + Qx. Vi Qkh v Qx ln lt l tn tht do khay sy v xe
gong mang i.
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Nhit ca khay sy v xe gong khi i vo hm sy ly bng nhit mi
trng l: tkh1 = tx1 = to = 27 .
Nhit ca khay sy khay sy v xe gong khi i ra khi khay sy ly bng
nhit sy : tkh2 = tx2 = t1 = 80 .
Khay sy v xe gong c khi lng ln lt l:
Gkh = 4kg; Gx = 28kg.
Nhit dung ring ca vt liu ch to xe v khay (Inox v Nhm) l:
Ckh = 0,86 kJ/kg.K ; Cx= 0,42 kJ/kg.K.
Tn tht nhit do khay sy mang i l:
Vi s lng khay l Nkh=160 khay; Thi gian sy l

Tn tht nhit do xe gong mang i l:


Vi s lng xe l Nx = 10 xe. Thi gian sy l

Ta c:

Do vy tng tn tht nhit do thit b truyn ti mang i l:


QTBTT = Qkh + Qx =
qTBTT =

+ 779,1= 4425,5kJ/h

4.5.3 Tn tht nhit qua kt cu bao che qMT[kJ/kg_m]


Vi kt cu xy dng ca hm sy nh thit k ta c:
Tit din t do ca tc nhn sy nng i trong hm l: Ftd = FH + FX.
Vi FX: l tit din ca xe gong (4thanh thng ng 25 1740), 12 thanh
nm ngang 251200), do FX = 4.(0,025 1,74) + 16.(0,025 1,2) = 0,654m2.
FH: l tit din ca hm sy (1870 1890), do FH = 1,87 1,89

3,5343

m2.
V vy tit din t do l: Ftd= 3,5343

0,654 = 2,8803 m2. Sau khi tnh ton qu

trnh sy l thuyt ta xc inh c lu lng tc nhn sy i qua hm l: Vlt =


11380,5 m3/h = 3,16 m3/s, tuy nhin trong qu trnh sy thc th lng TNS ny
phi ln hn b li cc tn tht. Do , tc TNS ti thiu i trong hm sy l:

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ta s kim tra li gi thit ny.


Tn tht do kt cu bao che ph thuc vo kt cu xy dng ca hm sy v bao
gm cc thnh phn sau:
Tn tht qua 2 tng bn: QT.
Tn tht qua trn: QTr.
Tn tht qua nn: Qn.
Tn tht qua 2 ca vo v ra ca hm: Qc.
Do , QMT = QT + QTr + Qn + Qc
4.5.3.1 Tn tht qua 2 tng bn: QT
V lu lng tc nhn sy ti thiu trong qu trnh sy thc phi ln hn lu lng
tc nhn sy trong qu trnh sy l thuyt nn tc tc nhn sy gi thit tnh
ton cc tn tht cng phi ln hn vlt. Gi s ta ly v = 1,2 m/s.
Ta c:
1= 6,15 + 4,17v = 6,15 + 4,17 1,2 = 11,154 W/m2.
Bng phng php lp gi thuyt trc nhit tng pha trong tw1 v tnh
c dng nhit q truyn qua tng. T dng nhit ny ta tm c nhit mt
truyn nhit bng i lu gia tc nhn vi tng trong q v dng nhit truyn t
mt ngoi ca tng vo mi trng q sai khc nhau khng qu 10% th kt qu
tnh ton l chp nhn c.
Ta gi thit tw1 = 59,5oC.
Ta c: q = 1(tTB

tw1) (cng thc 6.11, trang 74, [8]

Vi:

Vy q= 11,154(65 59,5) = 61,347 W/m2


Nhit mt ngoi ca tng tw2, theo h qu ca nh lut Furier ta c:

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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui


y 1 l h s dn nhit ca gch, 1= 0,77 W/m2. ( tra bng I.126, trang 128,

[9]).
1 l b dy ca tng 1= 0,2m.
V vy

Nh chnh lch nhit t = tw2 to = 43,56 27 = 16,56oC


Nhit tnh

T nhit tm = 35,3 tra bng I.255, trang 318, [9], ta c:


1= 2,73.10-2 W/m.

= 16,48. 10-6 m2/s


Pr= 0,7
Do , chun s Gratkov (cng thc V.39, trang 13, [10]):

Vi h s gin n th tch:

g l gia tc trng trng g = 9,81m/s


l = H l chiu cao ph b, H + Tr + bng = 1,89 + 0,15 + 0,1= 2,14m

Chun s Nuyxen (cng thc V.68, trang 23, [10]):


Nu = C(Gr.Pr)n
H s C v n ph thuc vo tch s Gr.Pr
Gr.Pr = 2,02.1010 0,7 = 1,417.1010 > 2. 107 (ch xoy)
Nn ta xc nh c C=0,135; n = 0,33
Nu = 0,135(Gr.Pr)0,33 = 0,135(1,417.1010)0,33 = 302,2
H s trao i nhit i lu

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Trang 32

n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui

(cng thc trang 23, [10])


Dng nhit truyn t b mt ngoi ca tng vo mi trng:
q= 2 (tw2 to) = 3,855(43,56-27)=63,84 W/m2
Sai s gia q v q:

Vi qmax=q=63,84oC.
Sai s ny nm trong phm vi cho php.
Tng bn c kch thc l:
Ft=(Hh.Lh).2= (1,89.14).2=53m2
Tng c xy bng gch dy t=200mm=0,2m, c h s dn nhit t=0,77
W/m. (tra bng I.126, trang 128, [9]). Ta xc nh c:

Do tn tht qua 2 tng bn Qt bng:


Qt= Ft.kt(ttb - to) =53.1,79(65 - 27) = 3605,06W
4.5.3.2 Tn tht qua trn QTr
Trn c kch thc FTr= Bh.Lh = 1,87.14= 26,2m2
Trn c bng b tng ct thp dy 2 = 150mm = 0,15m v bc thm 1 lp
bng thy tinh cch nhit c b dy 3 = 100mm = 0,1m. Tra bng I.126, trang
128, [9]) ta c h s dn nhit ca b tng ct thp v bng thy tinh cch nhit lm
lt l: 2=1,55 W/m. v 3=0,06 W/m.. Ta xc nh c:

Do tn tht qua trn QTr bng


QTr= Ftr.ktr(ttb - to) =26,2.0,5(65 - 27) = 495,7W
4.5.3.3 Tn tht qua nn: Qn
Nn c kch thc Fn= Bh.Lh = 1,87.14= 26,2m2
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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui


Nhit trung bnh ca tc nhn sy bng 65oC v gi s phng cy cch tng bao
che phn xng 2 mt. Theo bng 6.1, trang 74, [8]), ta c:
qn= 40W/m.
Do tn tht qua nn bng:
Qn= Fn.qn=26,2.40=1048W
4.5.3.4 Tn tht qua 2 ca vo v ra ca hm sy: Qc
2 pha u vo v ra ca hm sy c lp ca vi kch thc: 13001850(mm).
Nn din tch ca ca l: Fc= 2(1,87.1,89)=7,0686 m2
Ca c lm bng thp dy c = 10mm = 0,01m. Tra bng I.126, trang 128, [9]),
ta c h s dn nhit ca ca l: c = 0,5 W/m..
Ta xc nh c:

Do Qc= Fc.qc=7,0686.3,147.(65 27) = 845,31W


Nh vy tng cc tn tht nhit ca cc h thng sy qua kt cu bao che l:
QMT = QT+QTr+Qn+Qc= 3605,06+495,7+1048+845,31= 5723,9W
= 5994,073,6 kJ/h = 21578,65 kJ/h

V vy tng cc tn tht ca h thng sy l:


= Ca.to qvl qTBTT qMT
Vi Ca.to thnh phn nhit vt l do TNS a vo, thay vo ta c tng tn tht
ca h thng sy l:
= 4,18.27 60,2 30,43 148,26 = -126,03 kJ/kg_m
Vi tvl = to = 27oC
4.6 Tnh ton qu trnh sy thc
Ta ln lt xc nh cc thng s ca tc nhn sy cc im nt trong qu
trnh sy thc nh sau:

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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui


4.6.1 Thng s ca khng kh sau thit b sy (thng s khng kh thi ra
ngoi, cng nh khng kh hi lu ti bung ha trn) (2t)
cha hi ca khng kh ra khi thit b sy l:
cha hi sau qu trnh sy thc:

(Cng thc 5.36, trang 65, [8])


Trc ht ta tnh:
i1= r + Cpa.t1 = 2500 + 1,842.80 = 2647,36 kJ/kg_kkk
i2= r + Cpa.t2 = 2500 + 1,842.50 = 2592,1 kJ/kg_kkk
Thay vo vi:
t1=80 oC, t2=50 oC, do=0,0185kg_m/kg_kkk, n=1, = -119,34 kJ/kg_m
Ta c:

Entapi ca khng kh ra khi thit b sy l:


I2t = 1,004t2 + d2t(2500 + 1,842t2) = 1,004.50 + 0,041(2500 + 1,842.50)
= 156,476 kJ/kg_kkk
Phn p sut bo ha ca hi nc nhit t2=50 oC tra bng 3, trang
192, [1] ta c: pbh2=0,12335 bar
m tng i ca khng kh ra khi thit b sy:

So vi iu kin chn

= (51,55%) l hon ton tha mn. Nh vy,

chn t2=50 oC l hp l.
Nh vy, khng kh ra khi thit b sy (2t) ta c:
t2t=50 oC,

2=

50,4%, d2t=0,041 kg_m/kg_kkk, I2t=156,476 kJ/kg_kkk.

4.6.2 Thng s ca khng kh sau bung trn (Mt)


Khng kh sau bung trn l trng thi im (Mt) c:
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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui


cha hi ca khng kh sau bung trn l:

Entapi ca khng kh sau bung ha trn l:

(cng thc 5.32, trang 65, [8])


Nhit ca khng kh sau bung ha trn l:

(cng thc 5.33, trang 65, [8]).


Phn p sut bo ha ca hi nc nhit tMt=38,7oC l
pbhM=0,0737 bar (tra bng 3, trang 192, [1]).
m tng i ca khng kh sau bung ha trn

Nh vy khng kh sau bung ha trn (M) c: tMt=38,7oC,


dMt=

kg_m/kg_kkk, IMt

Mt=

115,373 kJ/kg_kkk.

4.6.3 Thng s khng kh sau khi ra khi Calorifer (i vo thit b sy) (1t)
Khng kh sau khi ra khi Calorifer i vo thit b sy l trng thi im (1t)
c:
cha hi ca khng kh sau khi ra khi Calorifer l:
d1t = dMt= 0,02975 kg_m/kg_kkk
Entapi ca khng kh sau khi ra khi Calorifer l:
I1t = 1,004t1t + d1t(2500 + 1,842 t1t)
= 1,004.80 + 0,02975(2500 + 1,842.80)= 159,08 kJ/kg_kkk
Phn p sut bo ha ca hi nc nhit t1t=80oC l
pbh1=0,4736bar (tra bng 3, trang 192, [1]).
m tng i ca khng kh sau khi ra khi Calorifer l:

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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui

Nh vy khng sau khi ra khi Calorifer i vo thit b sy (1t) c: t1t=80oC,


1t=

, d1t=

kg_m/kg_kkk, I1t 159,08kJ/kg_kkk.

4.7 Lu lng khng kh kh thc t cn dng


4.7.1 Lng khng kh kh thc t lu chuyn trong thit b sy

(cng thc 5.17, trang 61, [8]).


Vi nhit trung bnh ca dng kh lu chuyn trong thit b sy l:
ttb = 0,5(t1+ t2) = 0,5(80+ 50)= 65oC
tb= 1,044kg_kkk/m3_kkk (tra bng I.225, trang 318, [9]).
Do , lu lng th tch khng kh lu chuyn qua thit b sy l:

Do , tc ca tc nhn sy trong bung sy trong qu trnh sy thc l:

Sai khc vi tc gi thit 1,2m/s khng nhiu (khong 1%) nn ta chp


nhn kt qu ny.
4.7.2 Lng khng kh kh ngoi tri thc t cp vo cn thit

Vi nhit ca khng kh ngoi tri l:


to=27oC = =1,176 kg_kkk/m3_kkk (tra bng I.225, trang 318, [9]).
Do , lu lng th tch khng kh cp vo cn thit l:

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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui


4.8 Nhit lng cn cung cp cho tc nhn sy t Calorifer
Nhit lng cn cung cp cho h thng sy (cung cp qua calorifer kh hi)
l:

Q= W.q= 145,55.3885,07= 565471,45 kJ/h 157kW


Nhit lng c ch q1:
q1= i2 Ca tv1 = 2592,1 - 4,18.27= 2479,24 kJ/kg_m
Tn tht nhit do tc nhn sy mang i q2:

Vi Cdx(d0)= Cpk+ Cpad0=1,004 + 1,842.0,0186= 1,0383 kJ/kg.

Tng nhit lng c ch v cc tn tht q:


q= q1 + q2 + qvl + qTBTT + qMT
= 2479,24 + 1043,27 + 18,81 + 30,43+

= 3720,01 kJ/kg_m

C th thy rng nhit lng tiu hao q , tng nhit lng c ch v cc tn tht q
phi bng nhau. Tuy nhin trong qu trnh tnh ton chng ta lm trn hoc sai s
trong tnh ton cc tn tht m chng ta phm phi mt sai s no . Chng ta
kim tra sai s ny. y sai s tuyt i:
q = q q = 3885,07 3720,01 = 165,06
Hay sai s:

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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui


Bng 5.1 cn bng nhit ca h thng sy:

Gi tr

hiu

[kJ/kg_m]

Nhit lng c ch

q1

2479,24

66,64

Tn tht do tc nhn sy

q2

1043,27

28,04

Tn tht do vt liu sy

qvl

18,81

0,5

Tn tht do thit b truyn ti

qTBTT

30,43

0,82

Tn tht ra mi trng

qMT

148,26

3,98

Tng nhit lng tnh ton

3720,01

100

Tng nhit lng tiu hao

3885,07

100

Sai s tuyt i

STT

i lng

4,2

Nhn xt: Qua bng cn bng nhit ta nhn thy tn tht nhit do vt liu sy
mang i ch chim mt phn r nh (khong 0,5%), tn tht ra mi trng v thit
b truyn ti cng chim khng ng k so vi tng tn tht. Tn tht ch ch yu l
do vt liu sy mang i.

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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui

CHNG 5. TNH TON CC THIT B PH THIT K


CALORIFER - CHN QUT
5.1. Tnh ton thit k calorifer
Vi nng lng cung cp l hi nc bo ha do ta s thit k mt calorife
kiu kh hi ng cnh. Vi nc bo ha ngng trong ng v TNS l khng kh
nng chuyn ng bn ngoi ca cc chm ng nhn nhit t c nhit yu
cu.
5.1.1 Cc thng s c bn yu cu thit k calorifer
Vi yu cu ca HTS cn nng nhit ca tc nhn sy sau im ha trn M
ln n

, do vy m bo yu cu t ra ta chn nhit ca hi

bo ha l
Do nhit ngng t l:
p sut ngng t l:
Vi cng sut nhit ca calorifer yu cu trong qu trnh tnh ton sy thc
trn ta c

. Coi hiu sut ca calorifer l 90%(10% cn li

l tn tht do bm bi, vt liu ch to lu ngy b n mn ), do vy cng sut


nhit m hi nc cn truyn cho TNS l:

Nhit m ngng t ca hi nc nhit ngng

l r=2257kJ/kg

Lng hi vo calorifer yu cu l:

5.1.2 Tnh ton thit k calorifer:


a) Tnh din tch trao i nhit F ca calorifer:
Chn ng thp dn hi c

ng xp so le vi ng bc ngang.
, bc ng dc l
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.
Trang 40

n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui


Chn cnh c lm t ng
Cnh c lm bng ng c h s dn nhit

. ng knh cnh l

Chiu dy cnh ly l

.Bc

cnh l
Nhit lm vic cho php ti a ca cnh ng 250oC (phn 3, trang 36,
[3]).
Do cnh c lm t ng nn ng sut cho php ca ng c tnh theo 2
cng thc sau:
[ ]
(cng thc 1 4, trang 13, [4]).
[ ]
(cng thc 1 3, trang 13, [4]).
H s an ton l:

(bng 1-6, trang

15, [4]).
H s hiu chnh kim tra bn l: [ ]
[4]). Ly

(cng thc 1 9, trang 17,

Gii hn nng chy l

(bng 2-17, trang 38, [4]).

Vy
[ ]
[ ]
H s mi hn ca cnh v ng l: h = 0,95 (bng 1-8, trang 19, [4]).
Ta cn xc nh din tch b mt ngoi cc ng c cnh l

Vi

.
.

Do t s :
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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui

V vy ta phi tnh chnh nhit trung bnh logarit nh sau:

.H s trao i nhit vi din tch mt ngoi c cnh


tr dn nhit ca vch ng (

c tnh khi b qua nhit

l:

Trong
l h s lm cnh, vi cnh trn th c xc nh qua biu thc:

l h s trao i nhit i lu ca hi ngng vi b mt trong ca ng


c xc nh qua biu thc sau:
(

Vi hi nc bo ha ngng nhit

. Ta c nhng thng s

vt l ca nc ngng bo ha nh sau:
,
r = 225kJ/kg,

:L chnh nhit gia hi ngng vi nhit vch trong

ca ng, do

rt ln nn

rt nh. Ta gi thit

(sau ta phi

kim tra li gi thit ny). C:


(

:H s ta nhit ca khng kh bn ngoi ng c tnh qua biu thc


. Vi

l h s ta nhit ca khng kh vi cnh, c xc nh

qua biu thc:


(
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)
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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui


Do ng b tr so le nn h s C ly bng C=0,45.
Tiu chun Reynoild c xc nh qua:

Tc khng kh ti khe hp ca cnh c xc nh qua biu thc:


*

Tc ca TNS (khng kh) i vo calorifer l

Thay vo ta xc nh c:
[

Vi nhit trung bnh ca khng kh qua calorifer :

Ta tra ra c cc thng s vt l ca

khng kh nh sau:

Do vy:

: L din tch b mt ng trn khng cnh vi chiu di 0,6m:

S cnh trn chiu di 0,6m ng c l:

Din tch phn ng trn khng ph cnh l:

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Trang 43

n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui


Din tch cnh:
(

Tng din tch b mt trao i nhit ca ng vi dng khng kh chuyn ng


ct ngang qua l:
.
V vy l h s ta nhit ca khng kh vi cnh
(

l:

L h s hiu qu lm cnh:

T s:

Hiu sut cnh

vi:

v tch s

c tra trn th theo

Tra ra ta c

. Do vy:

Ta kim tra li gi thuyt v


coi

do

phi tha mn

nn ta c:

(sai lch so vi

khng nhiu nn ta chp nhn kt qu ny).

H s trao i nhit vi din tch mt ngoi c cnh


nhit tr dn nhit ca vch ng (

GVHD:Nguyn Th Xun Mai

c tnh khi b qua

l:

Trang 44

n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui

Khi k ti bm bi bn cnh cng nh ng cn ca hi nc bn trong


ng ta c h s trao i nhit tnh vi h s bm bn

l:

Do vy din tch trao i nhit b mt ngoi ca cnh l:

Din tch trao i nhit b mt trong ca cc ng l:

b) Tnh thit k kch thc hnh hc ca Calorifer:


Vi chiu cao ng hay chiu di ng chn trn l H = l = 0,6m ta c tng
s cc ng n l:

Vi s ng l 227 ng c sp xp trong thit b hnh tr trn nn c sp


xp trn v ng hnh ch nht vi chiu di l 16 ng chiu rng l 15 ng
Kch thc hnh hc ca v hnh ch nht
Di =D= 16.49=784 mm
Rng =R= 15.49=735 mm
Thn thit b hnh trn c tm nm trn giao 2 ng cho ca v hnh ch
nht nn tnh c ng knh hnh trn l 1060mm
Tnh chiu di thn thit b:
Dt = 1060 mm; Hng = 600 mm.
ng sut cho php tiu chun ca thp CT3 c:
[ ]
(Hnh 1-1, trang 15,[4]).
ng sut cho php l: [ ]

[ ]

(cng thc 1 9,

trang 17, [4]).


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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui


[ ]
B dy ti thiu ca thn l:
[ ]
(cng thc 5-3, trang 96, [4]).
Chn h s b sung quy trn kch thc C0 = 0,8mm. Tng h s b sung vi
Cc = 0 l:

(cng thc 1-10, trang 20, [4]).


B dy thc ca thn thit b :
Kim tra iu kin:

(cng thc 5-12, trang 97, [4]).


Kim tra p sut cho php trong thn thit b:
[ ]

[ ]
(cng thc 5-11, trang 97, [4]).

Vy b dy thn l 2mm
Do thit b lm vic p sut kh quyn v iu kin lm vic bnh thng
nn ta ly b dy ca thn, np v y l bng nhau v bng 2mm
c) Tnh ton tn tht p sut (tr lc) ca dng khng kh(TNS) chuyn ng ct
ngang qua Calorifer:
Tr lc ca khng kh bao gm tr lc ma st v tr lc cc b c tnh gn
ng theo quan h sau:

Trong :
Z: S hng ng, y Z = 15
Tc ca dng khng kh qua khe hp ca Calorifer, y
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7m/s.
Trang 46

n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui


Khi lng ring ca khng kh, y

H s tr lc, vi chm ng sole c xc nh gn ng qua biu thc sau:


(

)
(

(
)

)
(

(
)

)
(

Thay vo ta c:

5.2. Qut
Qut l b phn vn chuyn khng kh v to p sut cho dng kh i qua cc
thit b: calorifer, my sy, ng ng, cyclon. Nng lng do qut to ra cung cp
cho dng kh mt p sut ng hc di chuyn v mt phn khc phc tr lc
trn ng ng vn chuyn.
Nng sut ca qut c c trng bi th tch kh i vo hay i ra thit b sy.
5.2.1. Tnh tr lc:
5.2.1.1. Tr lc t ming qut n calorifer
Chn ng ni t qut n caloriphe c ng knh l 0,38 m, di 2m.
-Vn tc kh i trong ng l:

(kg/m3) tM = 38,70C

Ta c
F=

d2
4

3,14 0,38 2
0,1134 ( m2)
4

L = 12937,78 (Kg/h)
Vy

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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui

Chun s Reynol l :

(cng thc II.4, trang 359, [9])


= khng kh i trong ng theo ch chy
xoy[9].
-Chuyn ng chy xoy chia lm 3 khu vc:
+Vng 1: nhn thu lc hc; khu vc ny nhm khng nh hng
n h s ma st
( )

(cng thc II.60, trang 378, [9])


=10 4 : nhm tuyt i ca ng (bng II.15, trang 381, [9])

+Khu vc 2: khu vc nhm; khu vc ny h s ma st ph thuc vo


nhm m khng ph thuc vo chun s Reynol:
( )
Vy

Regh<Re<Ren

+Khu vc 3: khu vc nm gia khu vc nhn v khu vc nhm ng


vi Regh < Re < Ren

10 4
2,63 .10 4 thuc trong khong 8.10 5 1250.10 5
0,38

Vy h s ma st c tnh theo cng thc 11.64, trang 380, [9]:

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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui

0,1 1,46

100

Re

0, 25

Vy tr lc trn ng t ming qut n caloriphe l :


P1

l 2
2d

0,015 2 1,176 27 ,92 2

36 ,186 (N/m2)
2 0,38

5.2.1.2. Tr lc do calorifer
- Nhit trung ca khng kh nng trong calorifer l:
ttb =

80 27
53,5 o C
2

Ti nhit ny tra bng c: 0,0285 (W/m), 1,081(kg/m3),


18,307 .10 6 (m2/s) (bng 6, trang 207, [1]).

Vn tc ca khng kh trong calorifer l:

L
3600 . .F

F = 1,87.1,07 =2 (m2)

Vi
kk

12937 ,78
1,66 (m/s)
3600 1,081 2

-Chun s Reynol l:
Re =

kk d td
1,66 .0,38

34456

18,307 .10 6

Re >10 4 vy khng kh chuyn ng theo ch chy xoy


Do ng sp theo kiu bn c. V:

Trong : S1- khong cch gia cc trc ng theo phng ct ngang ca dng
chuyn ng (theo chiu rng ca dng), S1 = 98 mm.
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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui


S2- khong cch gia cc trc ng dc theo phng chuyn ng ca
dng (theo su ca dng), S2 = 46 mm.
d- ng knh ng d = 26 mm
Nn: = (5,4 + 3,4m)Re-0,28 (cng thc II.71, trang 404, [9])
Vi m l s dy n chm theo phng chuyn ng, m = 38 dy ng
Suy ra

(5,4 + 3,4.38)34456-0,28 = 7,22

Vy tr lc do caloriphe l:
2

27 ,92 2
P2
7,22 1,081
10 ,75 (N/m2)
2
2

5.2.1.3. Tr lc do t m vo calorifer
-Din tch ca mt ct ngang ca ng y
2

0.38
2
Fo =
0,113m
2

-Din tch ct ngang ca caloriphe l :


Ft = 1,07.1,87= 2 m2
T s

F0 0,113

0,0565
Ft
2

Tra [2] (trang 387), ta c 0,905


Vy tr lc do t m vo caloriphe l:
P3

2
2

0,905 1,081

27 ,92 2
381,3 (N/m2)
2

5.2.1.4. Tr lc do t thu t caloriphe ra ng dn khng kh nng


Khng kh nng c nhit t = 800C c : 21,09 .10 6 (m2/s), 1 (kg/m3).
Din tch ct ngang ca khng kh nng
F2 =

0,38 2
0,113 (m2)
4

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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui


Vn tc ca khng kh nng trong ng
kk

L
12937,78

31,89 (m/s)
3600 . .F2 3600 .1.0,113

-Chun s Reynol:
Re =

kk .d 27 ,92 0,38

503063

21,09 * 10 6

Re>10 4 :Vy khng kh chuyn ng theo ch xoy


T s

F2 0,113

0,0565
Ft
2

Tra [9] (trang 388), ta c: 0,045


Vy tr lc do t thu calorifer l:
P4

kk 2
2

22 ,88 (N/m2)

5.2.1.5. Tr lc ng ng dn khng kh t caloriphe n phng sy


Chn ng ng di 1,5(m)
ng knh ng d = 0,38 (m)
Tnh ton ging ng t ming qut n caloriphe ta c:
Regh<Re<Ren
Nn kh khu vc qu 0,016
Vy tr lc trn ng ng dn kh l:
P5

.l. . 2
2.d

0,016 1,5 1,081 31,89 2


34 ,72
2 0,38

5.2.1.6. Tr lc t m vo phng sy
-Din tch mt ngang ng Fo = 0,113 m2
-Din tch ngang ca phng sy F1 = H.R =1,87 . 1,89 = 3,5343 m2

GVHD:Nguyn Th Xun Mai

Trang 51

n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui


Fo
0,032 ; tra [9] (trang 387) c 0,94
F1

Vy tr lc t m vo phng sy l:
P6

2
2

0,94 1,081

27 ,92 2
396 (N/m2)
2

5.2.1.7. Tr lc do t thu ra khi phng sy


Nhit ra khi phng sy l

t2 = 500C

c: 1,093 (Kg/m3),

17 ,95 .10 6 (m2/s)

Chun s Reynol : Re =

d 27 ,92 0,38

= 591064

17 ,95 10 6

Re >10 4 khng kh theo ch chy xoy.


Tra [9] (trang 387), ta c 0,9
2

27 ,92 2
0,9 1,093
383 ( N/m2)
Vy tr lc P7
2
2

5.2.1.8. Tr lc ca phng sy:


P8 1000 (N/m2)

Ta c th chn

5.2.1.9. Tng tr lc ca c h thng:


H p P1 .......... . P8

H p = 2201,836 (N/m2)
5.2.2. Tnh chn qut:
p sut lm vic ton phn: (cng thc II.238a, (trang 463, [9]):
H = Hp

273 t 0 760 k

293
760

Hp: Tr lc tnh ton ca h thng (Hp = 1541,49 N/m2)


t0: Nhit lm vic (= 270C)
GVHD:Nguyn Th Xun Mai

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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui


B = 760 mm Hg: p sut ti ni t qut
3
:Khi lng ring ca ca kh ktc 1,181 (kg/m )

k : khi lng ring ca kh k lm vic k 1,200 (kg/m3)

H = 2381,3 (N/m2)
T cc th c tuyn ca qut (trang 485, [9]), ta chn qut II 4.70No16 , c
nng sut khong 7000 m3/h; hiu sut khong 0,65.

GVHD:Nguyn Th Xun Mai

Trang 53

n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui

KT LUN
H thng sy chui bng phng php sy hm c nng sut khng cao (4000
kg/ngy) nn sau khi tnh ton, kich thc thit b cng nh mt vi thng s tnh
ton cng cha ph hp vi cc thng s thit b trn thc t. Cc ti liu v sy
chui cng cha tht r rng sinh vin c th tnh ton ht mi thng s ca h
thng.
Vic thit k, tnh ton cc h thng sy ph thuc rt nhiu vo cc s liu thc
nghim nh cc s liu m ban u, ng cong gim m, ng cong tc
sy, Tuy nhin, do iu kin khng cho php nn trong phm vi n ny khng
th thc hin th nghim thc t trn nguyn liu chui. Do , cc s liu v
phng php tnh ton trn y da vo nhiu ngun ti liu khc nhau dn n
vic khng ng nht trong tnh ton cng nh sai s trong kt qu sau cng.
Mc d h thng sy hm nay c s dng kh ph bin trong cng nghip
thc phm nhng do cc sinh vin cha c tham quan thc t nn a phn cc
tnh ton cn thin v l thuyt, i ch cha hp l v khng khoa hc. Chng em
mong thy c nhn xt v hng dn thm gp phn hon thin n mn hc
hn.

GVHD:Nguyn Th Xun Mai

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n qu trnh v thit b - Tnh ton thit k h thng sy chui

TI LIU THAM KHO


[1].Bi Hi, Trn Th Sn. K thut sy. NXB Khoa hc k thut H Ni. 2007.
[2].Hong Vn Chc. Thit K H Thng Thit B Sy. NXB Khoa hc v k
thut. 2006.
[3]. Hong Vn Chc. H thng cung cp nhit. Nh xut bn Bch khoa H Ni.
2006.
[4].H L Vin. Tnh ton, thit k cc chi tit thit b ha cht v du kh. NXB
Vn ha Dn tc. 2006.
[5].http://www.dalat.gov.vn/. Truy cp cui cng ngy 1/5/2012.
[6].http://tailieu.vn/. Truy cp cui cng ngy 1/5/2012.
Nguyn Vn La. K thut sy vt liu. i hc Bch khoa TPHCM. 2006.
[7]. Nguyn Vn May. Gio Trnh K Thut Sy Nng Sn Thc Phm. Nh xut
bn Khoa hc v k thut. 2002.
[8]. Trn Vn Ph. K thut sy. Nh xut bn Gio dc. 2008.
[9]. Trn Xoa, Nguyn Trng Khung, H L Vin. S tay qu trnh v thit b
cng s ha cht tp 1. NXB Khoa hc v K thut H Ni. 1992.
[10].Trn Xoa, Nguyn Trng Khung, Phm Xun Ton. S tay qu trnh v thit
b cng s ha cht tp 2. NXB Khoa hc v K thut H Ni. 1992.
[11]. V B Minh, V Vn Bang. Qu trnh v thit b tp 3 Truyn khi. NXB
i hc Quc gia TPHCM. 2008.

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