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LI NI U
Theo chng trnh o to ngnh cng ngh thc phm, sinh vin s thc
hin nin lun k thut thc phm. Vic thc hin nin lun nhm gip sinh vin
lm quen vi vic thit k mt thit b ch bin v la chn vt liu thch hp.
ng thi, nin lun ny cn gip sinh vin tng hp c kin thc hc cc
mn c s.
c s hng dn ca c Trn Thanh Trc, em thc hin nin lun k
thut thc phm vi ti:Thit k h thng c c 2 ni dung dch ng
sucrose
Tuy c nhiu c gng trong vic thc hin nin lun, nhng vi kin
thc cn hn ch, quyn nin lun ny vn c nhng thiu st khng mong mun,
rt mong nhn c s ng gp ca qu Thy, C cng nh cc bn trong ngnh
Cng ngh thc phm bn thn rt ra kinh nghim v thnh cng hn trong
nhng ti tip theo.
Cui cng, xin chn thnh cm n cc Thy c trong b mn Cng ngh
thc phm to iu kin cho em thc hin nin lun ny. Em xin cm n s
gip tn tnh ca C Trn Thanh Trc v Thy Nguyn Vn Mi trong sut
thi gian thc hin nin lun cng cc anh ch trong ngnh cng nh cc bn cng
lp.
Xin chn thnh cm n !
Sinh vin thc hin
Trng Thanh Tng
(Email: thanhtung_cntp34lt@yahoo.com)
Trang ii
MC LC
LI NI U ....................................................................................................................ii
MC LC......................................................................................................................... iii
DANH SCH HNH ..........................................................................................................v
DANH SCH BNG ........................................................................................................vi
QUY C K HIU ......................................................................................................vii
PHN 1
1.1.
1.2.2.
Phn loi......................................................................................................2
1.2.3.
PHN 2
2.1.
2.1.1.
2.1.2.
2.1.3.
2.2.
2.2.1.
2.2.2.
2.2.3.
2.2.4.
2.2.5.
2.2.6.
2.3.
2.3.1.
2.3.2.
2.4.
2.4.1.
2.4.2.
2.4.3.
2.5.
2.6.
NG KNH CC NG DN ...................................................................25
2.6.1.
2.6.2.
i vi hi bo ha ...................................................................................25
2.7.
PHN 3
3.1.
3.3.1.
ng knh trong....................................................................................... 29
3.3.2.
3.3.3.
3.3.4.
PHN 4
4.1.
TNH C KH.............................................................................................. 34
CHIU DY THIT B..................................................................................34
4.1.1.
Ni 1...........................................................................................................34
4.1.2.
Ni 2...........................................................................................................42
4.2.
V NG .............................................................................................................48
4.3.
4.3.1.
4.3.2.
4.4.
MT BCH .......................................................................................................53
4.4.1.
ni cc ng dn ....................................................................................53
4.4.2.
PHN 5
5.1.
5.2.
Trang iv
Trang v
Trang vi
QUY C K HIU
x: s trang
S ch cng thc, bng, hay a ch trang web c ghi trong du ( )
Trang vii
PHN 1
GII THIU
Tinh th ng sucrose trong sut, khng mu, nhit nng chy l 186
188 C. Nu ta a t t n nhit nng chy, ng bin thnh 1 dng st trong
sut. Nu ko di thi gian un hoc un nhit cao, ng s mt nc ri
o
phn hu v bin thnh caramen. ng d ho tan trong nc, khng tan trong
du ho, cloroform, benzen, ancol nht ca dung dch ng tng theo chiu
tng nng v gim theo chiu tng nhit .
Do dung dch ng sucrose khng chu c nhit cao (cht tan d b
bin tnh) nn i hi phi c c nhit thp ng vi p sut cn bng
mt thong thp hay thng gi l p sut chn khng.
Nh vy, s dng h thng c c 2 ni xui chiu c c dung dch
ng sucrose.
1.2. GII THIU S LC V L THUYT C C V THIT B C
C
1.2.1. Gii thiu chung v c c
C c l qu trnh lm tng nng mt cu t no trong dung dch hay
nhiu cu t, bng cch tch mt phn dung mi ra khi dung dch dng hi, cn
dung cht ha tan trong dung dch khng bay hi, do nng ca dung cht s
tng dn ln.
SVTH: Trng Thanh Tng LT08210 Lp CNTP34LT
Trang 1
Trang 2
Trang 3
Trang 4
PHN 2
THIT B CHNH
W
G x
C c
Gc xc
0,12
0,12
.G =
.3000 = 600 kg/h
0,6
0,6
Trang 5
W1
1 , sau khi tnh ton thc t ta s tm
W2
2400
= 1200 kg/h
2
Gc xc
G1 x1
G x
Ni 1
Ni 2
G
3000
x =
. 0,12 = 0,2 = 20%
1800
G1
Trang 6
x tb1
x x1
12 20
.100
.100 16 %
2
2
x tb2
x1 x 2
20 60
.100
.100 40 %
2
2
(1)
(2)
Trang 7
Ni 1
Ni 2
Thp ngng t
P (at)
T (0C)
P (at)
T (0C)
Hi t
2.134
122
0,759
91,5
Hi th
0,759
92,5
0,114
53,34
P (at)
T (0C)
0,134
54,34
Trong :
0: tn tht nhit p sut thng ( 0 c th c tra t [AII 60], do
c c c tun hon dung dch nn tra theo nng cui v ng vi nhit hi
th).
f: h s hiu chnh v thit b c c thng lm vic p sut khc vi p
sut thng.
r :n nhit ha hi ca dung mi p sut lm vic, ( J/kg ),
[B-39]
Trang 8
Tht
Ph
Th
0
Tm (K)
lng
(%)
( C)
(C)
(atm)
( C)
(J/kg)
Ni 1
20
92,5
0,30C
2,134
122
2281000
Ni 2
60
54,34
1,5 C
365,5
(0C)
0,285
1,383
0,759
91,5
2237000
327,34
1,099
Trang 9
1 2: Nhit hi t.
3: Nhit si ca dung dch y ng truyn nhit.
4: Nhit si trung bnh ca dung dch.
5 6: Nhit si ca dung dch v ca hi th ngay trn mt thong.
7: Nhit hi th thit b ngng t
p sut hi th dung dch thay i theo chiu su ca dung dch: trn b
mt dung dch th bng p sut hi trong bung bc, cn y th bng p sut
trn b mt cng vi p sut thy tnh ca ct dung dch k t y ng. Trong tnh
ton ta thng tnh theo p sut trung bnh ca dung dch.
Ta c cng thc tnh p sut trung bnh ca dung dch nh sau:
Ptb = P + P , N/m2
P = (h1 +
s =
s
2
h2
).s.g, N/m2
2
, kg/m3
Trang 10
1 = Ttb1 Tmt
- Ni 1:
2 = Ttb2 Tmt
- C 2 ni:
= 1 + 2
xtb
Tmt
Ptb
Ttb
lng
(%)
(0C)
(kg/m3)
(kg/m3)
(N/m2)
(atm)
(0C)
(0C)
(0C)
Ni 1
16
92,78
1086,34
543,17
5861,32
0,84
94,25
1,47
Ni 2
40
55,44
1343,84
671,92
7250,69
0,22
60,28
6,19
7,657
Nhit trung bnh Ttb tra [B 39] (II - 7) da vo p sut trung bnh Ptb.
2.2.2.3. Tn tht nhit do sc cn thy lc trong cc ng dn,
Thng chp nhn tn tht nhit trn cc on ng dn hi th t ni ny
sang ni kia, t ni cui n thit b ngng t l: = 1 1,50C
[AII 67]
Chn 1 = 2 = 10C
2.2.2.4. Tn tht chung trong h thng c c,
Bng 4. Tn tht chung trong h thng c c
Ni
' (0C)
'' (0C)
''' (0C)
(0C)
0,285
1,47
2,755
1,099
6,19
8,289
1,383
7,6567
11,04
Trang 11
Trang 12
x , xtb1 , xtb2: nng dung dch ban u, nng ca dung dch ra khi
ni 1 v ni 2 , ( % ).
Bng 5: Nhit dung ring ca dung dch ng sucrose
Dung dch
x (%)
Ts (0C)
Vo ni 1
12
105
3922
Ra khi ni 1
20
94,25
3901
Ra khi ni 2
60
61,63
3166
W2, i2
G, T,
C
D, i
G1, C1,
Ts1
D, Cn1, 1
G2, C2,
Ts2
W1, Cn2, 2
Trang 13
(a)
(b)
Trong :
D : khi lng hi t cho h thng trong 1 gi, kg/h
W1, W2 : khi lng hi th ni 1, ni 2 trong 1 gi, kg/h
G, G1, G2 : khi lng dung dch ban u, ra khi ni 1, ra khi ni 2 trong
1 gi, kg/h
C, C1, C2 : nhit dung ring dung dch ban u, ra khi ni 1, ra khi ni 2,
J/kg.
T, Ts1, Ts2 : nhit dung dch ban u, ra khi ni 1, ra khi ni 2, 0C
i, i1, i2 : enthalpy hi t vo ni 1, hi th ni 1, hi th ni 2, J/kg
Cn1, Cn2 : nhit dung ring nc ngng ni 1, nc ngng ni 2, J/kg.
1, 2 : nhit nc ngng ni 1, ni 2 ( = nhit hi t ca ni 1 v 2,
nhit hi t ni 2 l nhit hi th ni 1), 0C
Ta c:
W = W1 + W2 = 2400 kg/h
(c)
G,
C,
kg/h
(%)
J/kg.
Nhp liu ()
3000
12
Ra khi ni 1
1800
Ra khi ni 2
600
Tdd ,
0
i,
,
0
Cn, J/kg.
J/kg
3922
105
2248000
20
3901
94,25
2281000
122
4122
60
3166
61,63
2370000
92,5
4192
Ghi ch:
- Cn c tra t (http://www.rpaulsingh.com/teaching/Properties.htm) da
vo nhit hi t.
Trang 14
Lng hi th bc ln ni 1 l:
W1 = 1208 kg/h
Lng hi th bc ln ni 2 l:
W2 = 1192 kg/h
D = 1260 kg/h
WL Wn
.100% < 5% th chp nhn
WL
Trong :
WL: lng hi th gi thit hay tnh ton c gi tr ln
Wn: lng hi th gi thit hay tnh ton c gi tr nh
Ni 1:
1208 1200
.100% = 0,66 % < 5%
1208
Ni 2:
1200 1192
.100% = 0,67 % < 5%
1200
[B 115]
Trang 15
Ni
D (kg/h)
Th (0C)
r, (J/kg)
Q, (W)
1260
122
2201070
769763,1
1208
92,5
2281560
770026,5
(Nhit hi t ni 2 l nhit hi th ni 1)
qtb
, W/m2.
t hi
[B 116] (III.17)
q1 q 2
, W/m2
2
[B 116]
1/r
tbh 1
t1
tw
t2
tw1
tw2
Ts
q
q1
q2
Trang 16
1
(tw1 tw2)
r
q1 = 1t1
q2 = 2t2
Theo l thuyt q = q1 = q2
Do cha c cc gi tr hiu s nhit ta phi gi s t1 tnh nhit ti
ring, sau kim tra li bng cch so snh q1 v q2. Nu kt qu so snh nh hn
5% th chp nhn gi thit.
2.3.2.2. Tng nhit tr ca thnh ng t r
r = r1 +
+ r2 , m2./W
[AII 3]
[AII 4]
Trang 17
+ r2
r = 0,232.10-3 +
2,108.10 3
+ 0,387.10-3 = 0,000661 m2./W
50
2.3.2.3. H s cp nhit 1, 2
a.
1 2,04 4
r
, W/m2.
t 1.H
Ni
tbh,
0
Ts , 0C
t1,
0
tw1,
0
T m,
0
r,
A
122
94,25
2,2
119,8 120,9
92,5
61,63
2,4
90,1
90,8
J/kg
189,045
174,4
1,
W/m2.
q1,
W/m2
2201000 11653,31
25637,29
2279000
25466,89
10611,2
Trang 18
b.
Trng hp dung dch (dung mi l nc) si v tun hon mnh lit trong
ng th h s cp nhit c tnh theo h s cp nhit ca nc n theo cng thc:
2 n dd
n
Trong :
0 , 565
dd
n
C dd
Cn
dd
0 , 435
[B 44]
t2 = tw2 tdds , 0C
p: p sut tuyt i trn mt thong (= p sut hi th), atm
H s dn nhit ca dung dch dd c tnh theo cng thc:
dd = (326,775 + 1,0412T 0,00331T2).(0,796 + 0,009346. %H2O).10-3
T: nhit si dung dch, K
Do qw = q1 tw = tw1 - tw2 = qw.r = q1.r
T tw ta suy ra c t2 v tnh c n:
Bng 9. H s cp nhit theo nhit si
Ni
P, atm
tw, 0C
tw2, 0C
t2, 0C
n, W/m2.
0,759
16,95
102,85
8,6
5936,9
0,114
16,84
73,26
11,63
5527,35
Trang 19
T n ta tnh c 2:
Bng 10. Nhit ti ring q2 pha dung dch si
C,
W/m.
kg/m3
J/kg.
m.Pas
Ni
dd
0,2110
1086,334
3910
0,451
Nc
0,6410
964,099
4229
0,320
Ni
dd
0,2441
1343,84
3370
1,930
Nc
0,5410
983,716
4192
0,457
q2,
So snh
W/m .
W/m2
vi q1
2925,35
25156,95
1,87 %
2125,81
24728,065
2,09 %
2,
2
t *hi
Q i t ti
.
K i n Qi
i K
i
t hi(lon) t hi(nho)
t hi(lon)
Trang 20
qtb,
Ni
W/m2
K,
Q,
W/m2.
thi,
0
t *hi ,
so snh vi
Q/K
0
thi
25397,12
27,75
915,21
770350
841,718
27,68
0,24 %
25097,48
30,87
813,01
764731
940,622
30,94
0,21 %
1782,341
58,62
Tng
58,62
Ni
Q, W
K, W/m2.
thi tnh, 0C
F, m2
F+10%.F, m2
770350
915,21
27,68
30,40
33,45
764731
813,01
30,94
30,40
33,45
F
, ng
.d.l
F
33,45
91 ng
.d.l . 97,384. 10 3. 1,2
Tra chun: 91 ng
Vy chn b tr ng theo hnh lc gic u, xp y cc hnh vin phn.
Trang 21
D th
4f th
,m
fth : tit din ngang ng tun hon (khong 15 20% tng tit din ngang
cc ng truyn nhit) , m2
[AII 75]
d 2ng
4
, m2
4f th
0,15. n . d 2ng 0,15 . 91 . (101,6.10 3 ) 2 0,375 m
D th 4d ng
t
0,4 4.101,6.10 3
1 0,95
0,1321
Trang 22
Tra chun:
b = 3, ng vi s ng truyn nhit danh ngha l 7 ng
S ng cn li: n = 91 7 = 84 ng
S ng ny vn m bo b mt truyn nhit, vy ta lp t 84 ng.
* B mt truyn nhit thc t:
Ftt .n ' .d ng .l .1.D th .l , m2
33,66 33,45
.100% 0,65% < 5% Chp nhn.
33,6
D t
D th 2. ng , m
2
Trang 23
Chn Dt = 1,6 m
Vy ng knh bung t 2 ni l 1,6 m c b dy 4 mm.
2.5. KCH THC BUNG BC
ng knh bung bc:
D bb
4Vkgh
.H kgh
,m
Vkgh
W
, m3
h .U tt
H kgh
4Vkgh
.D 2bb
,m
Trang 24
Ni
Nhit
hi th,
0
p sut
hi th,
h ,
kg/m3
Utt ,
m /m3.h
kg/h
W,
V,
3
Dbb,
m
Hkgh,
m
atm
92,5
0,759
0,463
1600
1208
1,63
1,8
0,641
54,34
0,144
0,095
1600
1192
7,84
1,8
3,083
Do dung dch chim h1 = 0,5 m chiu cao bung bc nn tng chiu cao ti
thiu bung bc l:
Hbb = Hkgh + h1 = 3,083 + 0,5 = 3,583 m
Do chn tng chiu cao bung bc 2 ni u l 4 m, chiu dy 4mm.
Vy ta c:
Dbb = 1,8 m ;
Hbb = 4m
2.6. NG KNH CC NG DN
ng knh trong cc ng dn v ca ra vo thit b c xc nh theo cng thc:
VS
, m
0,785.
VS: lu lng kh (hi) hoc dung dch chy trong ng, m3/s
: tc thch hp ca (hi) hoc dung dch chy trong ng, m/s
2.6.1. i vi dung dch v nc ngng
VS =
G 3
, m /s
Trang 25
ng nhp liu
VS,
m3/s
,
m/s
d,
m
d chun, mm
B
dy,
mm
1029,335
0,000810
0,5
0,0454
48,26
3,683
G,
kg/h
dd,
kg/m3
3000
v"hi,
m3/kg
ng tho
Ni 1
1800
1061,018
0,000471
0,5
0,0347
42,164
3,556
sn phm
Ni 2
600
1222,384
0,000136
0,5
0,0186
21,336
2,7686
ng dn hi t
1260
0,854
0,298900
20
0,1380
141,3002
6,5532
ng dn
Ni 1
1208
2,251
0,755336
20
0,2193
273,05
9,271
hi th
Ni 2
1192
11,471 3,798176
25
0,4399
457,2
9,525
ng
nc
Ni 1
1260
941,638
0,000372
0,5
0,0308 57,6257,62
3,3782
Ngng
Ni 2
1208,000
965,322
0,000348
0,5
0,0298
3,3782
33,401
(http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/nominal-wall-thickness-pipe-d_1337.html)
2.7. TNG KT THIT B CHNH
Bng 15. Bng tm tt thit b chnh
THNG S
NI 1
NI 2
94,25
61,63
122
92,5
770350
764731,11
1260
1208
11653,31
10611,2
H s cp nhit (W/m2.)
2925,35
2125,81
H s truyn nhit K
918,43
815,79
33,45
33,45
91
91
1,2
1,2
101,6
97,38
1600
1600
1800
1800
4000
4000
Nhit hi t ( C)
Nhit lng tiu tn cho qu trnh Q (W)
Lng hi t cn thit (kg/h)
Trang 26
PHN 3
Gn
W i C n t 2c
, kg/s
C n t 2c t 2
1192
kg/s = 0,331 kg/s
3600
0,331.2372 4180.40
17,46 kg/s
4180.40 30
Gk
Gk
, m3/s , Vi k = 1,25 kg/m3
k
[B 122]
Gk
3,76.10 3
= 0,003 m3/s
1,25
Trang 27
1- ca vo nc lnh
4- ca hi vo
5- ng Baromet
3- tm ngn
Trang 28
D ba 1,383
W
,m
h . h
W
0,331
1,383.
0,39 m
h . h
0,1043.40
D ba
50 , mm
2
D ba
500
50
50 300 mm
2
2
Trang 29
Gn
, m2
c
17,46 3
m /s
994
[AII 85]
Gn
17,46
0,028 m2
c 994.0,62
[AII 85]
f
cng thc: t 0,866d e , mm
f tb
fe
: t s gia tng din tch tit din cc l vi din tch tit din ca thit
f tb
b ngng t, thng ly 0,025 0,1.
y ta chn
fe
= 0,03
f tb
1/2
f
t 0,866d e
f tb
0,866.5.0,03
1/ 2
0,75 mm
t 2c t 2
40 30
0,428
t bh t 2 53,34 30
Kch thc
S = 5 mm
a = 1300 mm
P = 1200 mm
B rng ca tm ngn
b = 300 mm
K1 = 675 mm
H = 4300 mm
T = 1300 mm
D1 = 400 mm
h = 1440 mm
ng knh cc ca ra v vo:
Hi vo
d1 = 300 mm
Nc vo
d2 = 100 mm
Hn hp kh v hi ra
d3 = 80 mm
Ni vi ng Baromet
d4 = 125 mm
Hn hp kh v hi vo thit b thu hi
d5 = 80 mm
d6 = 50 mm
d7 = 50 mm
Trang 31
d ba
0,004G n W
,m
.
0,004G n W
0,00417,46 0,371
0,11 m = 110mm
.
.0,5
(1)
Trong :
h1: chiu cao ct nc trong ng Baromet cn bng vi hiu s p sut
trong thit b ngng t v kh quyn.
h2: chiu cao ct nc trong ng Baromet cn thit khc phc tr lc khi
nc chy trong ng (m)
P
h1 =10,33 0 ,(m)
760
Vi: P0: chn khng trong thit b ngng t, mmHg; P0 =(1- Png).760,
(mmHg)
658,16
P
h1 =10,33 0 = 10,33
= 8,95 (m)
760
760
Trang 32
2
H
h2 = 1 .
, (m)
.
D ba
2.g
Vi:
(2)
Trang 33
PHN 4
TNH C KH
Khi
D t .p
C, m
2 p
50 c th b qua p mu s
p
C = C1 + C2 + C3 = 1 + 0 + 0,6 = 1,6 mm
p: p sut trong thit b, N/m2
- Mi trng lm vic l hn hp hi lng, p sut c tnh nh sau:
p = pmt + p1, N/m2
Trang 34
nk
nc
, N/m2
, N/m2
Trong :
[k], [c]: ng sut cho php khi ko, khi chy, N/m2
: h s iu chnh
nk, nc: h s an ton theo gii hn bn khi ko v theo gii hn chy
k, c: gii hn bn khi ko, gii hn chy, N/m2
Tra bng [AII 356] (XIII.2) ta c = 0,9
Tra bng [AII 356] (XIII.3) ta c nk = 3,5; nc = 2,0
Tra bng [AII 356] (XIII.4) ta c:
k = 380.106 N/m2 ; c = 240.106 N/m2
Trang 35
380.10 6
k
.0,9 97,71.106 N/m2
nk
3,5
240.10 6
c
.0,9 108.106 N/m2
nc
2,0
Chn s nh th vo
97,71.10 6
.0,95 = 421, 1 > 50 nn b qua p
220430,36
mu.
S
Dt p
1,6.220430,363
C
1,6.10 6 3,5.10-3 m = 3,5 mm
6
2
2.97,71.10 .0,95
Chn S = 4 mm
* Kim tra ng sut theo p sut th:
D S C p
2S C
t
c
,
1,2
N/m2
D S C p
2S C
t
240.10 6
200.10 6
1,2
1,2
Ta thy:
c
1,2
Vy S = 4 mm l t yu cu
SVTH: Trng Thanh Tng LT08210 Lp CNTP34LT
Trang 36
b. y bung t
y hnh elip c g, lm vic chu p sut trong, bng thp CT3
hB h
Dt
Khi
Dt p
D
. t C, m
3,8 k k . h p 2hb
k k .
p
30 c th b qua i lng p mu s
d
Dt
d
0,15
1
0,906
Dt
1,6
h : h s bn, h = 0,95
[k]: ng sut cho php, tnh tung t nh trng hp thnh bung t
[k] = 97,71.106 N/m2
C: s b sung, tnh tng t, C = 1,6.10-3 m, c tng thm sau khi tnh th S
SVTH: Trng Thanh Tng LT08210 Lp CNTP34LT
Trang 37
Thm 2 mm khi S C 10 mm
Thm 1 mm khi 20 mm > S C > 10 mm
k .
k
97,71.10 6
.0,906.0,95 = 381,64 > 30 nn b qua p mu s.
220430,363
Dtp
D
1,6.220430,363
1,6
. t C
.
1,6.10 6
6
3,8 k k. h 2h b
3,8.97,71.10 .0,906.0,95 2.0,4
S =1,95 mm
S C = (1,95 1,6) = 0,35 mm < 10 mm
Vy thm 2 mm vo C, khi S = 1,95 + 2 = 3,95 mm
Chn S = 4 mm
* Kim tra ng sut theo p sut th:
2h b S C p 0 c
, N/m2
7,6k. h .h b S C 1,2
2
t
1,6
Vy S = 4 mm l t yu cu
4.1.1.2. Bung bc
a. Chiu dy ca thn hnh tr hn lm vic chu p sut trong
Chiu dy ca thn hnh tr hn lm vic chu p sut trong c xc nh
theo cng thc:
D t .p
C, m
2 p
[AII
360]
(XIII.8)
Khi
50 c th b qua p mu s
p
Trang 38
97,71.10 6
.0,95 = 1172,2 > 50 nn b qua p
79192,804
mu.
S
Dt p
1,8.79192,804
C
1,6.10 6 2,37.10-3 m = 2,37 mm
6
2
2.97,71.10 .0,95
Chn S = 3 mm
SVTH: Trng Thanh Tng LT08210 Lp CNTP34LT
Trang 39
D S Cp
2S C
c
, N/m2
1,2
c
1,2
D S C p
2S C
240.10 6
200.10 6
1,2
Ta thy:
c
1,2
Vy S = 3 mm l t yu cu
b. y bung bc
y hnh elip c g, lm vic chu p sut trong, bng thp CT3
hB h
Dt
Trang 40
Khi
Dt p
D
. t C, m
3,8 k k . h p 2hb
k k .
p
30 c th b qua i lng p mu s
d
Dt
d
0,1
1
0,944
Dt
1,8
h : h s bn, h = 0,95
[k]: ng sut cho php, tnh tung t nh trng hp thnh bung t
[k] = 97,71.106 N/m2
C: s b sung, tnh tng t, C = 1,6.10-3 m, c tng thm sau khi tnh th S
Thm 2 mm khi S C 10 mm
Thm 1 mm khi 20 mm > S C > 10 mm
k .
k
97,71.10 6
.0,944.0,95 = 1107,06 > 30 nn b qua p mu s.
79192,804
Dtp
D
1,8.79192,804
1,8
. t C
.
1,6.10 6
6
3,8 k k. h 2h b
3,8.97,71.10 .0,944.0,95 2.0,45
S =1,77 mm
S C = (1,77 1,6) = 0,17 mm < 10 mm
SVTH: Trng Thanh Tng LT08210 Lp CNTP34LT
Trang 41
2h b S C p 0 c
, N/m2
7,6k. h .h b S C 1,2
2
t
1,8
Vy S = 4 mm l t yu cu
4.1.2. Ni 2
4.1.2.1. Bung t
a. Chiu dy ca thn hnh tr hn lm vic chu p sut trong
Tnh tng t nh ni 1:
D t .p
C, m
2 p
[AII
360]
(XIII.8)
Khi
50 c th b qua p mu s
p
Ta c:
Dt = 1,6 m
= h = 0,95
C = 1,6 mm
p = pmt + p1, N/m2
pmt: p sut ca hi trong thit b, N/m2
pmt = 0,759 atm = 0,759.9,81.104 N/m2 = 74457,9 N/m2
Trang 42
p1: p sut thy tnh ca ct cht lng, c tnh theo cng thc:
p1 = g.1.H1, N/m2
1: khi lng ring cht lng ( 54,34 0C), 1 = 966,1 ( kg/m3 )
H1: chiu cao ln nht ca ct nc ngng, chn H1 = 1,2 m
g: gia tc trng trng, g = 9,81 m/s2
p1 = g.1.H1 = 9,81. 966,1.1,2 = 11371,87 N/m2
p = pmt + p1 = 74457,9 + 11371,87 = 85829,77 N/m2
V:
S
97,71.10
p
85829,77
Dt p
1,6.85829,77
C
1,6.106 2,34.10-3 m = 2,34 mm
2
2.97,71.106.0,95
Chn S = 4 mm
* Kim tra ng sut theo p sut th:
D S Cp
2S C
t
c
, N/m2
1,2
Dt S C p0
2S C
120186119,2
c
1,2
Vy S = 4 mm l t yu cu
Trang 43
b. y bung t
y hnh elip c g, lm vic chu p sut trong, bng thp CT3
hB h
Dt
Khi
Dt p
D
. t C, m
3,8 k k . h p 2hb
k k .
p
30 c th b qua i lng p mu s
d
Dt
d
0,15
1
0,906
Dt
1,6
h : h s bn, h = 0,95
[k]: ng sut cho php, tnh tung t nh trng hp thnh bung t
[k] = 97,71.106 N/m2
C: s b sung, tnh tng t, C = 1,6.10-3 m, c tng thm sau khi tnh th S
SVTH: Trng Thanh Tng LT08210 Lp CNTP34LT
Trang 44
Thm 2 mm khi S C 10 mm
Thm 1 mm khi 20 mm > S C > 10 mm
k .
k
97,71.10 6
.0,906.0,95 = 980,15 > 30 nn b qua p mu s.
85829,77
Dt p
D
1,6.85829,77
1,6
. t C
.
1,6.10 6
6
3,8 k k. h 2h b
3,8.97,71.10 .0,906.0,95 2.0,4
S =1,737 mm
S C = 1,737 1,6 = 0,137 mm < 10 mm
Vy thm 2 mm vo C, khi S = 1,737 + 2 = 3,737 mm
Chn S = 4 mm
* Kim tra ng sut theo p sut th:
2h b S C p 0 c
, N/m2
7,6k. h .h b S C 1,2
2
t
1,6
139494579, 6
c
1,2
200.10 6
Vy S = 4 mm l t yu cu
4.1.2.2. Bung bc
a. Thn hnh tr hn lm vic chu p sut ngoi (np)
Thn hnh tr hn lm vic chu p sut ngoi, bng thp CT3
Kim tra cc iu kin:
1
l
8
D
pn l
t.
E D
0, 4
0,523
Trang 45
l
4
pn: p sut tnh ton bn ngoi, bng hiu s gia p sut kh quyn v p
sut hi th bn trong, N/m2
pn= (1- png ).9,81.104
pn = (1 0,134).9,81.104 = 83973,6 N/m2
Et: module n hi nhit thnh, Et = 185.109 N/m2
pn l
.
t
E D
0, 4
37376 4
.
9
185 * 10 1,5
0, 4
0, 4
C , m
p l
S 1,25 D nt .
E D
0, 4
83973,6 4
C 1,25.1,6
.
9
185.10 1,6
0, 4
1,6.10 3 10,59.10 3 m
Chn S = 11 mm
b. Np bung bc
Np hnh elip c g, lm vic chu p sut ngoi, bng thp CT3
Chiu dy np c xc nh theo cng thc:
S
Khi
Dt p n
D
. t C , m
3,8 n k .k1 . h p n 2hb
n k.k .
pn
30 c th b qua i lng p mu s
Trang 46
d
Dt
d
0,6
1
0,667
Dt
1,8
k .k .
n
pn
97,71.106
.0,667.0,64.0,95 471,6 30
83973,6
Dt p n
D
. t C
3,8 n k .k1 . h 2hb
1,8.83973,6
1,8
.
1,610 3 = 2,01m
6
3,8.97,71.10 .0,667.0,64.0,95 2.0,45
2hb S C p 0n c
, N/m2
7,6k .k1 . h S C
1,2
2
t
Trang 47
7,6.0,667.0,64.0,95.0,455 1,6 10 3
1,2
Vy S = 5 mm l t yu cu
Bng 17. Tng hp chiu dy bung t, bung bc
Bung t (mm)
Ni
Bung bc (mm)
Thn tr
Thn tr
np
11
4.2. V NG
Bung t c 2 v ng c nh c hn vo mt trn v mt di. Chiu
dy v ng Sv phi m bo gi cht ng truyn nhit v ng tun hon, bn di
tc dng ca cc loi ng sut, chng c n mn. Chn phng php gn ng
vo v bng phng php nong
Chiu dy ti thiu:
Smin =
dn
5 , mm
8
dn
101,6
5
5 17,7 mm
8
8
f min
5d 1
t d1 t d1
Vi : d1 = dn + 1 = 101,6 + 1 = 102,6 mm
t = 1,3.dn = 1,3.101,6 = 132,08 mm
SVTH: Trng Thanh Tng LT08210 Lp CNTP34LT
Trang 48
Sv
5.102,6
19 mm
132,08 102,6
Tnh n s n mn 2 pha: C = 2 mm
Sv = 19 + 2 = 21 mm . Chn Sv = 22 mm
4.3. H THNG TAI
4.3.1. Khi lng vt liu
4.3.1.1. Khi lng thp lm ng truyn nhit
m1 = n..d.l.., kg
n: s ng truyn nhit, n = 84 ng
d: ng knh trung bnh, d =
101,6 97,384
0,0995 m
2
Trang 49
d trong, m
d trung bnh, m
l, m
V, m3
ng tun hon
0,4
0,004
0,404
1,2
0,006
Bung bc
1,8
0,011
1,811
0,25
Bung t
1,6
0,004
1,604
1,2
0,024
b. i vi v ng (2 v)
D2
S n S th , m3
4
V = 2
(101,6.10 3 ) 2
= 0,681 m2
4
(0,22 2.0,004) 2
Sth = .
= 0,131 m2
4
1,6 2
D2
V = 2
S n Sth 2.0,022
0,0,681 0,131 0,0527 m3
4
4
c. i vi y v np
V =
D 2
4
, m3
D: ng knh phi, m
: chiu dy, m
SVTH: Trng Thanh Tng LT08210 Lp CNTP34LT
Trang 50
D trong, m
, m
D (phi), m
V, m3
Np
1,8
0,005
2,196
0,019
1,6
0,004
1,928
0,012
Vy:
- Tng th tch thp
V = 0,006 + 0,25 + 0,024 + 0,0527 + 0,019 + 0,012 = 0,364 m3
- Tng khi lng thp
m2 = 0,364.7850 = 2856,91 kg
- Tng khi lng vt liu
M = m1 + m2 = 521,097 + 2856,91 = 3378,01 kg
.D 2
4
l , m3
D: ng knh trong, m
l: chiu cao, m
Th tch nc np v y: tra bng XIII.10 theo ng knh trong
Trang 51
D, m
l, m
V, m3
Bung bc
1,8
10,179
Bung t
1,6
1,2
2,413
Np
1,8
1,095
1,6
0,578
Tng:
14,265
d
B
Trang 52
Ti trng
cho php
mi tai
G.10-4
B
mt
F.104
Ti trng
cho php ln
b mt
q.10-6
m2
N/m2
297
1,34
B1
mm
190
160
170
280
Khi
lng
1 tai
kg
10
80
25
7,35
4.4. MT BCH
Mt bch l b phn quan trng dng ni cc phn ca thit b cng nh
ni cc b phn khc vi thit b.
Do h thng lm vic vi p sut thp < 0,1*106 N/m2 nn chn loi bch
lin, l b phn c hn lin vi thit b
4.4.1. ni cc ng dn
Chn bch lin bng kim loi en kiu 1
D
DI
db
Trang 53
Py.10-6
Loi
Dy
ng Kch thc ni
Kiu
bch
N/m2
Dn
DI
Bulng
db
mm
1
z
ci
mm
ng nhp
liu
0.25
50
57
140
110 90
M12
12
ng tho
liu
0.25
50
57
140
110 90
M12
12
ng dn hi
t
0.25
150
159
260
225 202
M16
16
ng dn hi
th
0.25
400
426
535
495 465
M20
16
22
ng dn
nc ngng
0.25
40
45
130
100 80
M12
12
Kiu
bch
Py.10
-6
N/m2
Dt
mm
Bulng
D
Db
DI
D0
db
mm
ci
mm
Bung t
0.1
1613
M20
32
28
Bung bc
0.1
1815
M20
40
28
Trang 54
PHN 5
S QUY TRNH C C
5- Thit b un nng
9- Nc ngng
2- Bm
6- Dung dch vo c c
3- Thng cao v
7- Hi t
11- Nc lm lnh
4- Lu lng k
8- Hi th
Trang 55
Trang 56
Trang 57