Li Ni u

Mi sinh vin u c rn luyn v hc tp ti trng vi nhiu kin thc b ch, ph hp vi tng chuyn ngnh. Nhng kin thc cn c p dng vo thc t t mi c th pht huy c kh nng v nhng nh hng lm vic ca mi sinh vin. V vy thi gian thc tp l quang thi gian rt quan trng ca mi sinh vin ni chung. Khi c thc tp sinh vin hc c nhiu kin thc v thc t, c tip cn vi mi trng lm vic hc hi nhiu kinh nghim t ng nghip cng nh nhng ngi trc tip hng dn. T thy c mi quan h gia l thuyt v thc t. y l nn tng tch ly kinh nghim ca mi sinh vin. c hc tp v rn luyn ti trng: i hc Cng Nghip H Ni chuyn nghnh ha hu c. Li c thc tp ti cng ty TNHH Sn Nippon Pain Vit Nam H Ni, nn em c hiu r hn v sn, v cch sn xut sn di s hng dn nhit tnh ca cc anh ch hng dn v c trc tip theo di cng nhn lm vic. Sn l mt trong nhng vt liu dng trang tr v bo v vt liu khng th thiu trong i sng ca con ngi. V th ngnh sn l mt trong nhng ngnh v ang pht trin mnh. Cng ty TNHH Sn Nippon Pain Vit Nam H Ni l mt trong nhng cng ty c uy tn v thng hiu trn th trng. chuyn sn xut sn dnh cho t v xe my. c nhng hng xe c thng hiu la chn nh: Yamaha, Hon Da, Toyuta

CHNG I: TNG QUAN V SN

I - Khi nim v sn v thnh phn ca sn. I.1- Khi nim. Sn l mt hn hp cc thnh phn ca sn gm: cht to mng, bt mu, dung mi v cc hp cht ph gia khc. Khi sn ln b mt vt liu li lp mng mng, khi kh to thnh mng mng bm cht ln vt liu bo v v trang tr. Mc ch v ngha ca sn. Sn c dng trang tr v bo v vt liu khi mi trng, chng n mn gy ph hy vt liu v cc iu kin khc nghit khc. p ng nhu cu v m quan ca con ngi v mu sc. I.2 - Thnh phn sn I.2.1 - Cht to mng Cht to mng l nhng hp cht hu c cao phn t c ngun gc t nhin hoc tng hp. l thnh phn quan trng nht trong mng sn. Tnh cht ca mng sn ph thuc vo tnh cht v c im ca loi cht to mng c s dng. cht to mng c ngun gc t nhin nh: nha thng, nha cnh kin, du tru, du lanh, v cc loi tho mc khc cht to mng c ngun gc tng hp: tng hp t du m, nhng phn ng polyme ha ca phng php trng hp v trng ngng. 2

Nha tng hp -c chia ra lm hai loi l nha nhit do v nha nhit rn. Nha nhit do l nhng loi nha b nng chy hoc chuyn t trng thi rn sang trng thi nng chy hoc phn hu d-i tc dng ca nhin cao. Cc loi nha ny nh-: Polyetylen, Polyvinyl clorua, Polypropylene, Polystiren, Nha nhit rn l nhng loi nha b bin i trng thi thng qua phn ng ho hc khu mch, d-i tc dng ca nhit chng b ng rn hoc phn hu mch i phn t . Cc loi nha nhit rn th-ng -c s dng lm cht to mng cho sn ph bin l cc loi nha nh-: nha Melamine, nha Acrylic, nha Polyeste, I.2.2 - Bt mu Bt mu l nhng ht rn mn, kch th-c ht t vi micron n hng chc micron, tr-ng sn v bit. phn tn u trong mi to cho mng sn c nhng tnh cht c

Tnh cht quan trng ca bt mu l to cho

mng sn c mu sc nht nh, mt trong sut, mt s bt mu c th cho mng sn c nhng chc nng v kh nng lm vic tt hn. Bt mu -c nh gi bng sc ph, sc ph li ph thuc vo c v h s chit sut ca bt mu. Tu thuc vo chc nng ca

chng bt mu bao gm: bt mu v c, bt mu hu c, bt mu kim loi, bt mu ph tr...vv Bt mu c tnh cht che ph: ph ca cht mu l kh nng che ph lp mu, lm cho lp nn khng b l ra khi mng sn. Mt s cha mu c bit l mu trng trong mng sn qua thi gian nht nh, trn b mt hnh thnh lp bt c th xa i c. hin tng gi l s bt ha ca sn. Thnh phn v tnh cht ca bt mu

stt 1

Loi Mu trng

Thnh phn TiO2

Tnh cht Che ph, th hin mu mnh, chu nh sng, chu nhit, chu kim, chu axit long, khng bin mu, d bt

ZnS + BaSO4

ha. Che ph, th hin mu mnh, chu kim, khng chu axit, khng chu kh hu, d bt ha, khng ging tnh cht TiO2 Th hin mu mnh, tnh chng g tt, khng bin mu, khng bt ha, chu nhit tt, che phu km hn TiO2, ZnS + BaSO4 Che ph tt, th hin mu, chu kh 4

ZnO

Mu

PbC2O4

vng 2 CdS Bt vng c Fe2O3 3 Mu

quyn, chu nh sng km, c, t trng ln. Th hin mu mnh, chu nh sng, chu nhit, chu kim, khng chu axit, d bt ha, che ph km PbC2O4 Che ph, chu kim, chu nh sng, th hin mu tt,r, mu khng p. Mu r rt, p, rt n nh, khng bin mu, rt c, t trng ln, t. Che ph, th hin mu xanh, chu nh sng, t., Th hin mu tt, chu kh hu, chu axit, khng chu kim. (Al2 Na2SiOCr) Na2SO4 Mu p, chu nh sng, chu nhit, chu kim, khng chu axit, che ph km. Mu p, chu nh sng. Khng chu kim, che ph km. Chu nh sng, chu nhit , chu kim, chu axit, bn Che ph tt th hin mu mnh, rrats n nh, chu nhit , khng bin mu t trng nh. Bt ng, km, nhm Mu p, dng trang sc. rt n nh, chu tia t ngoi, chu nhit, chng g, khng chu nc. 5

HgS

3 CdS. 2 CdSe

Mu xanh

KFe [ Fe (CN)6 ]

Mu xanh dp lc

KFe [ Fe (CN)6 ] + ZnCrO4 Cr2O3

Mu en C

Mu kim loi

Bt mu Aluminotoluen hu c

Mu p, che ph , chu nh sng, chu nc chu du, chu nhit, chu axit, chu kim. Mu p, che ph tt, chu nh sng, chu nc chu du, chu nhit, chu axit, chu kim, khng ha tan trong dung mi, l bt mu xanh tt nht.

Ftaloxianin xanh

I.2.3 - Dung mi Dung mi l cht lng, d bay hi dng ho tan cht to mng v thay i nht ca sn. Mt dung mi tt phi p ng -c nhng yu cu sau: - To -c mt dung dch c nht thch hp cho vic bo qun v s dng. - C tc bay hp l v to nn mt mng sn vi tnh cht ti -u. - C c ti thiu v c mi chp nhn -c. Vi cc loi sn kh bng ph-ng php ho hc, dung mi c nhim v chnh l to nn mt dung dch sn c th sn theo ph-ng php thch hp nht. Vi cc cht to mng kh vt l, dung mi ng vai tr phc tp hn v khng nhng n nh h-ng n cch 6

la chn ph-ng php sn m cn c vai tr quyt nh i vi thi gian kh v tnh cht ca mng sn. Trong nhng tr-ng hp ny th-ng dng hn hp nhiu loi dung mi m mi mt thnh phn u c nhng vai tr ring, ngoi ra mt s dung mi cn phi cho vo hp phn trong qu trnh s dng nhm iu chnh, lm gim, km hm hoc tng tc bay hi ca dung mi cho ph hp vi iu kin dy chuyn. D-i y l im nhit bay hi ca mt s dung mi: - Dung mi bay hi nhit thp(< 1000C),lm gim nht ca sn, bay hi t t, d kh. Nhng khng c s dng nhiu v d bin trng, tnh lu thng kms mng son cha tt. Bao gm Aceton, Metyl ethyl ketone, etyl axetat.. - Dung mi bay hi nhit cao trung bnh(100 1500C), tnh lu ng cao, mng sn kh chm, mng sn phn b u, khng bin trng, c mi Bao gm Toluen, Xylen, Butyl acetate, ri butylic.. - Dung mi bay hi nhit cao(> 1500C), ha tan cao, kh chm, c th iu chnh nht sn. Lng dng t c th lm cho mng sn bng, phng mng sn bin trng sn xut sn ni m t v phng nitroxenlulozo kt ta. gi thnh t ch dng trong trng hp c bit (nh 7

quet sn nitroxenlulozo) t c s dng. dung mi loi mi l loi hidrocacbon, nitroetan,

nitropropan dng nhng loi ny ch to sn c th ch to sn c th nng cao c ha tan, bng phng tc kh nhanh, ngoi ra cn lm gim bt la. tnh u vit ca mng sn ph thuc vo tinh khit, im si, kh nng bay hi, v s lm long c n. Ngoi ra cn c tnh tr dung mi, lm tng pha long ca dung mi. Ri etylic, butylic, butyl cellosolve,

Diacetone alcohol, Solvesso 100 I.2.4 - Cc ph gia Cc cht ph gia l nhng hp cht ho hc -c cho vo nhm mc ch xc tc hoc ci tin mt s tnh cht ca sn. Trong mt s tr-ng hp c bit n -c s dng nhm mc ch cn tr s h- hi ca mng sn trong qu trnh bo qun, s dng cng nh- ci tin mt s kh nng chu -c mi tr-ng ca mng sn. Tu thuc vo mc ch s dng cc cht ph gia s -c thm vo nh-: Cht ho do, cht lm kh hay ng rn, cht chng lng, cht phn tn, cht n nh mu sc, cht thay i nht, cht hp th tia cc tm, cht tng bn n-c... trong cht lm kh v cht ng rn c s dng nhiu nht. 8

*Cht lm kh: l cht lm tng tc kh ca mng sn. Cht l kh thng dng l cht oxi ha v mui kim loi nh coban, mangan, ch v cc cht hu c c th x phng ha ca chng. - Cht lm kh coban: l cht lm kh rt mnh, qu trnh lm kh tin hnh nhanh b mt mng sn, nhng nu s dng n c mng sn bn trong s kh kh, d sinh ra hin tng bong. - Cht lm kh mangan: km hn cht lm kh coban, qu trnh lm kh tin hnh nhanh b mt sn, su lm kh bn trong b mt sn, nhng mng son cng v dn, th hin mu rt mnh nn vic s dng cn hn ch.. - Cht lm kh ch: tc lm kh chm, qu trnh lm kh ng u, c th lm kh bn trong mng sn, c mng sn do, chu kh hu tt, n hi, khng bin mu v vy cht lm kh ch l cht lam kh tng i tt. - Cht lm kh hn hp: l hn hp cc cht lm kh. Cht lm kh hn hp c mng sn tt, khi s dng mt cht lm kh dn c khng th c c, do vy c s dng rng ri. Cht lm kh c th lm kh nhanh. Thc t chng minh rng, dng lng cht lm kh nhiu, khng th lm cho mng sn kh nhanh, m lm cho mng sn d bong, ng cc, lo ha..nh hng nghi trng ti cht lng mng sn. *Cht ng rn: sn tng hp c th kh nhit thng, hoc kh khi sy nhng c trng hp cho vo cc cht oxi ha amin..phn ng vi nha lm cho mng sn ng rn. nhng trng hp ny gi l cht ng rn. cht ng rn amin l nguyn liu quan trng ca sn epoxi. Bi v sn epoxi khng th ng rn to mng, nu khng cho cht ng rn vo. Sau khi cho cht ng rn vo c lp sn chc chu n mn ha hc, cch in tt, tnh nng c kha tt. cht ng rn thng s dng l C2H4(NH2)2 I.3 - c im ca sn 9

I.3.1 - u im. Mng sn kh t t: l loi cht c dung mi bay hi nhanh, thng thng 10 pht sau c th kh b mt, mt ting sau kh hon ton, bn gi sau c th nh bng. Tc kh ca sn tng hp nhanh gp 5 10 ln so vi sn du nn ph hp vi qu trnh sn xut hin i. Mng sn cng, chu ma st: sn tng hp sau khi sy khng c bi dnh, nhn. V vy sn tng hp c th mi, nh bng, trang tr b mt p. Mu sc ng u, bng: so vi sn du sn tng hp c mu sc p. khi pha cc cht khc nhau, mu khc nhau, b mt sn phm c nhiu loi: khng bng, bn bng, c vn hoa Chu n mn ha hc: sau khi sn xong sn phm c th chu nc, chu axit, chu kim, chu xng, du..bo v sn phm kooong b n mn. I.3.2 - Nhc im. Mng sn d bin trng: khi gia cng trong kh hu m t, d bin trng. nguyn nhn l khi dung mi bay hi lng nc trong khng kh i vo mng sn, khng kt hp vi dung mi to thnh dng sng trng trn b mt sn phm. Mng sn tng i mng: sau khi kh mng sn rt mng, v vy khi gia cng phi phun nhiu lp. nguyn nhn ch yu l mng sn khng c lng bay hi rt nh, thng chim 30% thnh phn sn, c im khi phun cn thm dung mi v sn. Kh gia cng bng phng php qut, thng s dng phng php phun v sn c dung mi c ha tan ln, pha hy lp sn nn, ng thi bay hi nhanh, kho qut. Sn du khi sy kh vn trng thi lng do d d dng qut m lp sn vn bng phng. sn tng hp c cng dng c bieetj c th thm trong bng, vi qut xoa. 10

Sn c mi kch thch kh chu: dung mi trong sn c tnh kch thch mnh, nu gia cng sn trong mi trng khng lu thng khng kh rt d gy hn m, au u. Mng sn tng hp chu nh sng km, lp sn trong sut chu tia t ngoi cng yu, mng sn c mu, d bin mu. Hin nay sn tng hp c th khc phc c trng hp ny. I.4 - Quy trnh sn xut sn I.4.1 S quy trnh sn xut sn

X l nguyn liu Cht to mng 50% n 70% Bt mu 100% Mui

Cht n 100%

Nghin

Cht to mng cn li Dung mi cn li

Dung mi 30% n 40%

Pha sn, pha long

Nhp kho

Kim tra CLSP, mu

Cht lm kh, ha do

11

I.4.2 - X l nguyn liu. L cng on u tin rt quan trng v n nh hng trc tip ti cht lng sn, nu nguyn liu ln nhiu tp cht dn ti cht lng sn khng tt, mng sn km bn, khng th hin c y d tinh cht theo yu cu ca ngi s dng. I.4.3 - Mui . Nguyn liu c np theo cng thc c sn, trong 24h ri mang nghin. I.4.4 - Nghin. L giai on rt quan trng, hn hp sau khi mui cha t c mn theo yu cu, hoc trong qua trnh trn cc ht mu kt hp vi nhau vn cc li. v vy cn nghin hn hp t mn yu cu. c mng sn ng u sau khi phun ln b mt chi tit cn sn, sn phm thu c c b mt bng p, khng b sn xt.. I.4.5 - Pha long sn Trc khi bn sn, cn pha long sn theo ty l nht nh, ty tng loi sn m dung mi s dng pha long cho ph hp. v khi sn xut sn dng c, nu khng pha long m dng bn lun gy tn sn, sn bm dnh vo sng phun hoc chi qut gy kh thao tc cho ngi s dng.

I.5 - Gii thiu v sn ti cng ty TNHH Sn Nippon Paint Vit Nam H Ni

12

I.5.1 - Sn ED I.5.1.1 - Mc ch Mc ch ca lp sn ED l cung cp kh nng chng r v gip cho vt liu ngn cn -c hin t-ng n mn v tng c-ng kh nng bm dnh gia b mt nn vi cc lp sn tip theo. Sn ED thuc loi sn n-c, kh iu kin 1500C 1800C tu thuc vo h sn. I.5.1.2 - Thnh phn ca sn ED I.5.1.2.1 - Cht to mng L thnh phn chnh ca h sn ny, n c th bm -c vo b mt vt liu nh qu trnh tnh in, cht to mng ch yu cho h sn ny l nh-a Epoxy v mt s loi nha khc nh- nha Melamin. I.5.1.2.2 - Bt mu Bt mu nhm mc ch to -c kh nng chng r, c, bn thi tit v cc tnh cht khc ca mng sn. Tu thuc vo mc ch s dng m c tc dng chng r l cc oxit kim loi nh-: Fe2O3, Fe3O4, .. I.5.1.2.3 - Dung mi Dung mi chnh ca sn ED l n-c, c mc ch chnh l ho tan cht to mng v phn tn bt mu trong mi tr-ng sn, gip cho mng sn c th hnh thnh -c trn b mt vt liu v mt i sau khi mng sn kh hon ton. 13

I.5.1.2.4 - Cht ph gia L cc xt nh- axit axetic, axit amin c kh nng ho tan trong n-c v cht to mng, chng c nhim v to -c kh nng lm vic v mt s tnh cht tt hn ca mng sn. I.5.1.2.3 - N-c DI N-c DI l loi n-c khng ion c nhim v loi b sn tha, dung mi v th ng ho b mt lp sn sau giai on sn. I.5.2 - Sn lt (Primer) I.5.2.1 - Mc ch Sn lt nhm mc ch lm nhn b mt c lp sn nn, bo v lp sn nn chng r v v tng kh nng bm dnh gia cc lp sn. I.5.2.2 - Thnh phn ca sn lt I.5.2.2.1 - Cht to mng Cht to mng ch yu l cc loi nha nh- : nha Polyeste, nha Melanine, nha Epoxy v cc loi nha khc I.5.2.2.2 - Bt mu Bao gm cc loi bt mu v c nh-: oxit km( ZnO), titan(TiO2), v cc loi bt n khc nh- CaCO3, BaSO4 ...vv I.5. 2.2.3 - Dung mi Dung mi bao gm cc dung mi thm, dung mi hot ng este, ete v r-u. 14 I.5.2.2.4 - Cht ph gia

Bao gm cc cht iu khin b mt, cht phn tn, cht chng lng, cht hp th tia cc tm. I.5.3 - Sn ph(top coat) I.5.3.1- Mc ch Sn ph l lp sn cui cng nhm mc ch trang tr cng nh- to -c mu sc, bng, t-ng phn nh sng cng nh- c mt s tnh cht c bit v chu -c mi tr-ng. I.5.3.2 - Thnh phn ca sn ph I.5.3.2.1- Sn sy A. Mc ch Mc ch ca sn sy l s dng sn cho cc chi tit lm bng vt liu chu nhit cao, t b bin dng d-i tc dng ca ngoi lc. Loi sn ny l h sn kh nhit cao 1400C trong 18 pht. B.Thnh phn B.1. Sn ph loi Solid - Cht to mng: Cht to mng l cc loi nha nh-: nha Polyeste, cc loi nha khc - Bt mu: Bt mu l cc oxit v c nh- TiO2 v cc bt mu kh - Dung mi: Bao gm cc loi dung mi thm cc loi dung mi hot ng nh- este, ete v r-i - Cht ph gia: Bao gm cht iu khin b mt, cht chng lng, phn tn, cht n nh mu sc, cht hp th tia cc tm, ...vv 15 nha Melamine, nha Alkyd v

B.2. Sn ph Metallic. - Cht to mng: Bao gm cc loi nha nh-: nha Acrylic, nha Melamine, nha Polyeste, v cc loi nha khc - Bt mu: Bt mu l cc bt mang mu, ngoi ra cn c cc loi bt mu c bit khc nh- bt nhm(Al), vy Mica v cc loi bt mu khc. - Dung mi: Bao gm cc loi dung mi thm cc loi dung mi hot ng nh- este, ete v r- Cht ph gia: Bao gm cht iu khin b mt, cht chng lng, cht phn tn, cht n nh mu sc, cht hp th tia cc tm, ...vv B.3. Clear cho sn sy Mc ch: S dng to lp -c mi tr-ng. Thnh phn ca Clear - Cht to mng: Cht to mng bao gm: nha Acrylic, nha Melanine, nha Polyeste, nha Epoxy. - Bt mu: Khng s dng bt mu - Dung mi: Bao gm cc loi dung mi thm cc loi dung mi hot ng nh- este, ete v r-u. - Cht ph gia: Bao gm cht iu khin b mt, cht hp th tia cc tm v mt s cht iu khin tnh cht l-u bin khc. I.5.3.2.2 - Sn T kh A. Mc ch 16 ngoi cng vi chc nng to bng v bo v cc lp sn bn trong chu

Mc ch ca sn t kh l -c s dng sn cho cc chi tit lm bng vt liu chu nhit thp, d b bin dng d-i tc dng ca ngoi lc, nhit cao v dng sa cha. H sn ny kh nhanh nhin thp 800C trong 30 pht hoc kh t nhin sau 24 gi. B.Thnh phn B. 1. Sn ph loi Solid - Cht to mng: nh-: loi nha khc - Bt mu: ` Bt mu l cc oxit v c nh- TiO2 v cc bt mu khc - Dung mi: Bao gm cc loi dung mi thm cc - Cht ph gia: Bao gm cht iu khin b mt, cht chng lng, cht phn tn, cht n nh mu sc, cht hp th tia cc tm, ...vv B. 2. Sn ph loi Metallic - Cht to mng: Bao gm cc loi nha nh-: nha Acrylic, nha Alkyd, Polyuretan v cc loi nha khc. - Bt mu: Bt mu l cc bt mang mu, ngoi ra cn c cc loi bt mu c bit khc nh- bt nhm(Al), vy Mica v cc loi bt mu khc. - Dung mi: Bao gm cc loi dung mi thm cc loi dung mi hot ng nh- este, ete v r-u. loi dung mi hot ng nh- este, ete v r-u Cht to mng l cc loi nha nha Alkyd, nha Acrylic, Nitro cellulose v cc

17

- Cht ph gia: cht chng lng, cht chng tia cc tm.

Bao gm cht iu khin b mt,

cht phn tn, cht n nh mu sc,

B.3. Clear cho sn t kh Mc ch: S dng to lp -c mi tr-ng. Thnh phn ca Clear - Cht to mng: nha Acrylic, nha Alkyd, nha Nitro cellulose v cc loi nha khc. - Bt mu: Khng s dng bt mu - Dung mi: Bao gm cc loi dung mi thm cc Bao gm cht iu khin b mt, loi dung mi hot ng nh- este, ete v r-u. - Cht ph gia: cht l-u bin khc. cht hp th tia cc tm v mt s cht iu khin tnh ngoi cng vi chc nng to bng v bo v cc lp sn bn trong chu

18

CHNG II: PHNG PHP NGHIN CU V THC NGHIM SN XUT SN CLEAR CHO T V XE MY II.1 KHI NIM L loi sn bng khng mu ph ln b mt ca vt liu bo v v to bng cho lp sn nn. II.2 THNH PHN - Cht to mng: Cht to mng bao gm: nha Acrylic, nha Melanine, nha Polyeste, nha Epoxy. - Dung mi: Bao gm cc loi dung mi thm cc loi Bao gm cht iu khin b mt, cht dung mi hot ng nh- este, ete v r-u. - Cht ph gia: l-u bin khc. II.3 QUY TRNH SN XUT hp th tia cc tm v mt s cht iu khin tnh cht

Cht to mng

Dung mi

Ph gia

19

Khuy trn Kim tra ok

ng thng II.2.1 SN XUT CHT TO MNG II.2.1.1 SN XUT NHA POLYESTE Nha polyeste l loi nha c trng hp t ri a chc v axit a chc c bin tnh bng du tho mc, nha thng, epoxieste, este acrylic Nguyn liu sn xut nha polyeste: axit phtalic, axit maleic..ri a chc glyxerin, erithriol, etylenglycol. *Cc phng php trng hp nha Polyeste Trng hp nha polyeste bin tnh du thc vt: y l phng php i t axit bo, phng php thc hin nhanh, thao tc d dng, sn phm c tnh nng k thut tt, trng lng phn t ng u, cng, bn va p, bn nc, chu mi trng nhng c nhc im l nguyn liu u vo c gi thnh cao, kh tm, kim sot qu trnh phn ng kh, sn phm c gi thnh cao. Trng hp nha polyester khng bin tnh (este ha). Phng php ancol phn (ri ha): qua 2 giai on, dng xc tc ch yu l ch oxit. giai on 1: du thc vt + glyxerin giai on 2:cho anhidrit phtalic. *Quy trnh nu nha polyeste: cch tin hnh: 20 sn phm ri ha

Thit b c chun b vi cnh khuy, ng sinh hn hi lu. Np du vo ni, khuy nh v tng nhit ln 100C n 120 C tch nc sau a tip lng ch oxit trn vi du thnh bt nho vo thit b phn ng. cho sinh hn hi lu lm vic, thi kh tr vo v nng dn nhit ln 230C n 235 C. Duy tr nhit thnh bn thnh phm . Ancol phn tn hon ton to thnh dung dch trong sut. H nhit 180C cho dn dn anhidrit phtalic vo ri chuyn sinh hn hi lu sang pha tch nc. Cho xylen vo ri nng dn nhit 190C n 200C lc ny nc tch ra nhiu. Sau nng tip nhit ln 230C n 235C. Duy tr phn ng este ha cho n cho ch s axit <20. nht ca dung dch 50% xng pha sn = 150-180 s/phiu s 4, si di 8-9 cm dng li h nhit nhanh 150C cho dung mi vo pha long.

Nguyn liu Du chu Du lai glyxerin Anhidrit phtalic Ch oxit xylen Xng pha sn

Phn trm khi lng (%) 21 42 13,4 23,6 0,04 40 40

II.2.2 SN XUT NHA EPOXI 21

Nha epoxy phn t thp c khi lng phn t t 450-800 khng tan trong cacbuahydro m tan trong este hoc dn xut ca clo. Nha epoxy phn t cao c khi lng phn t 800-1900 thng bin tnh bng du thc vt ch to sn, iu ch bng cch cho nha phn t thp kt hp vi diphenylol propan vi nhit 170-200C. *Tng hp nha epoxy phn t lng cao:

Nguyn liu Nha thng diphenylol propan xiclohexanon piperidin

Phn trm khi lng (%) 80 10,4 9 0,1

Cch thc hin: trong thit b a t nhiu chc nng c thng kh nito ui ht khng kh ra ngoi thit b. cho nha thng v xiclohexanon vo ri gia nhit nh lm nng nha. khi nha nng chy cho my khuy lm vic lin tc v a lng piperidin vo v sau tng nhit ln 150C v cho tip diphenylol propan ri tng nhit ln 180C, thc hin ngng t nha 180C gi nhit ny, kim tra ch s epoxy cch nhau 1h mt ln. khi ch s epoxy t 2 0,2 th kt thc phn ng, ngng cp nhit thng kh tr, tho nha vo thng cha ming rng ra thit b bng dung mi thch hp. sn phm c ch tiu k thut nh sau: nhn dng bn ngoi nha rn, mu vng nu, nhit chy mm

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175C, phn trm epoxy 1,5 -2,5. Nha ny c dng sn xut vecni, sn bn axit. *Tng hp nha epoxy este: Nguyn liu Nha epoxy M=1600 Axit bo, du ve kh nc xylen Phn trm khi lng (%) 56,6 37,7 5,7

Cch tin hnh: a nguyn liu vo ni, gia nhit cho sinh hn hi lu v chng tch nc, cho xylen vo cun nc. Khi nhit t 120C cho my khuy lm vic nng n nhit ln 230 5C, duy tr iu kin este ha cho ch s axit<8 ngng cp nhit lm lnh khi sn phm xung nhit 140C, pha bng xylen ti nng 45%. Ch tiu k thut sn phm: dng b ngoi dung dch trong sut, vng sm, hm lng kh 45 2%, nht 15 -18 s/fc4, ch s axit<8. Dng lm cht to mng, sn xut vecni, sn kh t nhin v kh sy. II.2.2- DUNG MI Mt s dung mi s dng sn xut sn clear Ethyl cellosolve l mt dung mi rt tt cho cng nghip sn b mt, ho tan nhiu loi nha t nhin v tng hp, iu chnh tc bay hi. N l thnh phn quan trng trong sn xut nhiu loi sn nitrocellulose c cht lng. N hot ng nh l mt dung mi c ch, lm tng chy v dn u, chng li hin tng m do m cho mng sn. Cellosolve Acetate, CAC l mt cht lng khng mu, c mi qu, c kh nng ho tan tt nhiu loi nha tng hp v nha t nhin, bay hi tng i cht v tan hon ton trong nc. Cellosolve Acetate, CAC l dung mi rt tt cho 23

nhiu loi nha t nhin v tng hp, c tc bay hi chm. N l dung mi quan trng trong sn xut nhiu loi sn NC v sn acrylic c cht lng dng cho xe hi, n cng c dng lm cht pha long cho cc lp sn dng cho xe hi, n cng c dng lm cht pha long cho cc lp sn hon thin. Cellosolve Acetate, CAC c th chu nc v bay hi chm nn to ra kh nng khng c do m tt hn. N hot ng nh cht tr dung mi, lm tng chy v bng phng cho mng sn. Cellosolve Acetate, CAC c tnh cht ho tan tt v tc bay hi chm nn n cng c dng trong sn phun nng acrylic v sn lacquer nitrocellulose/ acrylic. Butyl Cellosolve, BCS l mt cht lng khng mu, c mi nh, c th ho tan nhiu loi nha t nhin v tng hp, tc bay hi tng i chm, tan hon ton trong nc. Butyl Cellosolve (BCS) l mt dung mi c ch trong cng nghip sn b mt, n ho tan nhiu loi nha tng hp v c tc bay hi chm. Butyl Cellosolve BCS dng lm dung mi trong vecni v sn nha alkyd du gy v du trung bnh, nha maleic v nha phenolic, vi lng dng l 10% n gip vecni v sn mau kh. Butyl Cellosolve ho tan tt nitrocellulose v l thnh phn ca sn phun v sn qut. N hot ng nh mt dung mi c ch, lm tng lu lng v bng phng cho sn, n chu c nc nn chng li hin tng m do m. N cng c dng lm cht pha long cho sn nitrocellulose. Butyl Cellosolve l cht chng mc cho sn. N-butyl acetate / n-BAC l mt cht lng khng mu, trong sut, bay hi trung bnh, c mi ester c trng. N-butyl acetate / n-BAC ho tan tt c cc dung mi hu c nh alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, ether, glycol ether, hydrucacbon mch thng nhng ta t trong nc. N-butyl acetate / n-BAC cng ho tan nitrate cellulose, polymer, nha v du. N l dung mi quan trng trong cng nghip 24

sn, thuc da, giy, ho cht. -

N-butyl acetate / n-BAC l dung mi quan

trng trong cng nghip sn. N c kh nng ho tan tt nitrate celluso, nha, polymer, du v cht bo. bay hi ca N- butyl acetate rt thun li cho cc ng dng v lm kh, n chng c sn v hiu ng da cam cho mng sn. V th n to ra mng sn c dn u v bng tt. Trong ng dng ny, N-butyl acetate / n-BAC c dng chung vi N-butanol( tng kh nng chng c, tng kh nng ho tan trong nhiu trng hp, v gim nht ca dung dch). Khng c thm N-butyl acetate vo sn c nhm OH t do nh sn urethane. N-butyl acetate / n-BAC cng c dng rng ri lm cht ly trch trong bo ch dc, l thnh phn ca cht ty ra, hng liu do cc tnh cht : hp th nc thp, kh nng chng li s thy phn, v kh nng ho tan tt NBUTANOL, Normal Butyl Alcohol, BUTANOL CTCT:

CH3CH2CH2CH2OH N-Butanol l loi cn c bay hi va. N tan 1 phn trong nc nhit thng v l cht lng ht m nh c mi t trnng. Isobutanol l mt dung mi quan trng trong cng nghip sn b mt, c tnh cht ho tan tt nhiu loi nha t nhin v nha tng hp nh : nha ureas, nha phenol, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, cyclo pentandiene, c bay hi gia ethanol v n- butanol , to ra lp sn nc mm do do c chy v dn u tt, tng kh nng chng c cho mng sn so vi cc alcohol mch ngn hn. Lng Isobutanol dng l 5-10%. N cng oc dng lm cht pha long co son cellulose nitrate. Isobutanol l mt dung mi thch hp cho sn acid curable) v sn sy nha urea, melanine hoc nha phenol. Thng dng kt hp vi glycol ether, ethanol hoc hydrocacbon mch thng. Khi thm lng nh Isobutanol vo sn alkyd s lm gim nht ca sn v n s ci thin c v lu lng sn. Nng Isobutanol thp s ngn chn to mng si cho sn c nha ho tan trong 25

cn v tc ng c li cho sn h nc. Isobutanol l ng dung mi vi Xylen hoc cc dung mi thm khc. N c dng trong h dung mi cho sn c nha amini hoc hn hp nha alkyd v nha amino, dng cho sn ethyl cellulose.

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