04/06/2010

Gii thiu PIC16F887

- Vi iu khin 8-bit ca Microchip, thuc dng Low-power. - Kin trc Harvard (vs. Von Neumann), tp lnh RISC (Reduced Instructions Set Computer) (vs. Complexed Instructions Set Computer) - Thch anh gn ngoi ti a 20MHz. - Tm in p hot ng 2.0V- 5.5V. - 5 port, 35 chn xut nhp (I/O pins) - C y cc chc nng cn thit ca Vi iu khin 8-bit: Timer (3 b), ADC (14 knh ADC 10-bit), USART, SPI, I2C, PWM, Compare, c la chn bt u. 04/06/2010

Gii thiu PIC16F887

04/06/2010

Gii thiu PIC16F887

CONG NAP
VCC PGC J_LOAD MCLR

(In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM):

PGD PGC

LOAD GATE

Cng np chun ICSPTM

1 2 3 4 5 6

C_PGC 47p

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Gii thiu PIC16F887

MAIN MCU Cc ngun xung nhp cho chip: PIC16F887
R_RS 10K SW_RS PVN1 MCLR J_PA SW RESET 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 MCLR*/VPP RA0/AN0 RA1/AN1 RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF RA3/AN3/VREF+ RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT RA5/AN4/SS*/C2OUT RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 RC2/CCP1 RC3/SCK/SCL RC4/SDI/SDA RC5/SDO RC6/TX/CK RC7/RX/DT OSC1/CLKIN RE0/RD*/AN5 RE1/WR*/AN6 RE2/CS*/AN7 OSC2/CLKOUT VSS VSS PIC16F887 VDD VDD 11 32 RB0/INT RB1 RB2 RB3/PGM RB4 RB5 RB6/PGC RB7/PGD 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 19 20 21 22 27 28 29 30 8 9 10 VCC VCC

PORT C

- B dao ng RC ni (RC internal oscillator) - B dao ng to bi thch anh (v t) gn ngoi (External Crystal and Ceramic Oscillator)
VCC

SS*

1 J_PB 2 3 4 5 6 PGC 7 PGD 8

PORT B

PORT A

C_1112 104

VCC C_3231 104 C_X1

J_PC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 22p

SCK SDI SDO

SCL SDA

TX RX

15 16 17 18 23 24 25 26 13

RD0/PSP0 RD1/PSP1 RD2/PSP2 RD3/PSP3 RD4/PSP4 RD5/PSP5 RD6/PSP6 RD7/PSP7

1 J_PD 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 J_PE 1 2 3

PORT D PORT E

0
C_X2 22p

4Mhz XTAL

14 12 31

- B RC gn ngoi. - Xung clock t mt ngun khc.

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Gii thiu PIC16F887

5 port xut nhp (I/O Port)
VCC

R_RS 10K SW_RS MCLR J_PA SW RESET 1 2 3 4 5 6

MAIN MCU PIC16F887

PVN1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 15 16 17 18 23 24 25 26 13 22p 4Mhz XTAL 14 12 31 MCLR*/VPP RA0/AN0 RA1/AN1 RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF RA3/AN3/VREF+ RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT RA5/AN4/SS*/C2OUT RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 RC2/CCP1 RC3/SCK/SCL RC4/SDI/SDA RC5/SDO RC6/TX/CK RC7/RX/DT OSC1/CLKIN RE0/RD*/AN5 RE1/WR*/AN6 RE2/CS*/AN7 OSC2/CLKOUT VSS VSS PIC16F887 VDD VDD 11 32 RB0/INT RB1 RB2 RB3/PGM RB4 RB5 RB6/PGC RB7/PGD RD0/PSP0 RD1/PSP1 RD2/PSP2 RD3/PSP3 RD4/PSP4 RD5/PSP5 RD6/PSP6 RD7/PSP7 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 19 20 21 22 27 28 29 30 8 9 10 VCC 1 J_PB 2 3 4 5 6 PGC 7 PGD 8

PORT B

VCC C_1112 104

PORT A

SS*

0
VCC C_3231 104 C_X1

J_PC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

SCK SDI SDO

SCL SDA TX RX

1 J_PD 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 J_PE 1 2 3

PORT D

PORT C

PORT E

0
C_X2 22p

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Gii thiu PIC16F887

Thanh ghi PORTX v TRISX (X: A, B, C, D, E) Thanh ghi TRISX l thanh ghi quy nh hng ca PortX

TRISA7=0: Pin A7 c chc nng Output =1: Pin A7 c chc nng Intput

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Gii thiu PIC16F887

Thanh ghi PORTX v TRISX (X: A, B, C, D, E) Thanh ghi PORTX l thanh ghi quy nh trng thi logic ca PortX

RA7 =0: Pin A7 c mc logic 0 =1: Pin A7 c mc logic 1

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Gii thiu PIC16F887

Thanh ghi ANSEL v ANSELH
PIC16F887 c 13 knh ADC dng chung vi cc chn I/O. 2 thanh ghi ANSEL v ANSELH quy nh cc chn l chn tn hiu analog hay digital Bit: ANSx = 0 : Pin ANx l pin Digital ANSx = 1 : Pin ANx l pin Analog ANSEL = 0 //AN0-7 l digital ANSELH = 0 // AN8-13 l digital

Register:

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Gii thiu PIC16F887

Thanh ghi ANSEL v ANSELH

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Tm tt
thc hin xut / nhp trn 1 chn (Pin): - Ci t ng gi tr cho thanh ghi TRISx (hoc bit TRISx-n) - t kiu tn hiu ca pin l Analog hay Digital qua 2 thanh ghi ANSEL v ANSELH. - Xut tn hiu bng cch ghi gi tr 0 hoc 1 vo port tng ng (bit: Rx-n hay port: PORTx) - c gi tr ca chn bng cch c mc logic trn port tng ng.

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Cch vit chng trnh C vi HiTech PIC

#include <htc.h> __CONFIG(XT & WDTDIS & PWRTEN & MCLREN & UNPROTECT & SWBOREN & IESODIS & FCMDIS & LVPDIS & DEBUGDIS); //1st config. Word __CONFIG(BORV21); //2st config. Word #define _XTAL_FREQ #define HANG_SO 123 //Khai bo bin ton cc int a,b=1,c=3; char bien_char; 4000000 //tn s thch anh 4Mhz

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Cch vit chng trnh C vi HiTech PIC

//Khai bo cc chng trnh con void init_port(void) { //chng trnh con y } char tinh_toan(char a, int b) { // } /* chng trnh con cng c th c vit sau hm main(), nhng trc main() phi c khai bo void init_port(void); char tinh_toan(char a, int b); */ 04/06/2010

Cch vit chng trnh C vi HiTech PIC

//Chng trnh chnh void main(void) { // Phn khi to //vng lp v tn while(1) { //thc hin lnh }; } 04/06/2010

V d 1
#include <htc.h> __CONFIG(XT & WDTDIS & PWRTEN & MCLREN & UNPROTECT & SWBOREN & IESODIS & FCMDIS & LVPDIS & DEBUGDIS); //1st config. Word __CONFIG(BORV21); //2st config. Word #define _XTAL_FREQ 4000000 //tn s thch anh 4Mhz // khai bo tn s thch anh dng cho lnh delay

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V d 1
//Chng trnh chnh void main(void) { ANSEL=0; ANSELH=0; //Tt c cc port l digital TRISB=0x00; //8 pins PortB l output PORTB=0xFF; //Xut mc 1 while(1) { PORTB=0x00; __delay_ms(150); PORTB=0xFF; __delay_ms(150); };

} 04/06/2010

Gii thch
Vi on chng trnh trn, chng ta quan tm ti cc vn sau: 1. vit code vi HiTech Pic th phi #include file htc.h 2. PIC16F887 c 2 t (word) configuration, chip hot ng ng th cc bn phi cu hnh (configure) ng cho n. Mi bit trong word config. c i din bng 1 cm ch ci in hoa. Bn ch cn quan tm ti bit config u tin: cu hnh ngun xung nhp (clock) cho chip. - XT: External Crystal dng b dao ng thch anh gn ngoi vi tn s thch anh t 4Mhz tr xung - HS: High Speed: dng b dao ng thch anh gn ngoi vi tn s thch anh trn 4Mhz (ti 20Mhz) - INTIO: Dng b dao ng RC ni - V cc loi ngun xung nhp khc c k hiu bng cc ch ci khc nhng ta t dng.

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Gii thch
Trong v d trn, ta dng thch anh 4Mhz gn ngoi nn bit config u tin ta ghi l XT Tng t: __CONFIG(HS & // nu dng thch anh c tn s 8Mhz __CONFIG(INTIO & // nu dng b dao ng RC ni (Lu : Trc CONFIG bt u bng 2 du gch di _, cc bit config cn li cc bn gi nguyn, 2 t config phi c vit trn 2 dng khc nhau, khng gp chung c) 3. nh ngha tn s thch anh: #define _XTAL_FREQ 4000000 - Khng c du ; sau hng nh ngha hng s. Trong v d ny thch anh c gi tr 4Mhz th ta ghi l 4000000 (4 triu), nu dng thch anh 20Mhz th ghi gi tr tn s thch anh l 20000000 (20 triu) -_XTAL_FREQ bt u bng 1 du gch di v bn khng c php thay i tn hng s ny.

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Gii thch
4. Chng trnh chnh V d ny ta kt ni portB vi 8 Led n, s led nh sau: LED_BUS l port dng ni vo chn VK. Theo cch mc mch nh trn, khi chn VK xut mc 1 Led s tt, xut mc 0 Led s sng. Nh vy trong hm main(), chng ta lm cc vic:
VCC R_L1 R_L2 R_L3 R_L4 R_L5 R_L6 R_L7 R_L8

LED MODULE
1k 1k 1k 1k 1k 1k 1k 1k LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4 LED5 LED6 LED7 LED8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

- phn khi to, quy nh cc chn l digital, khi to portB l output xut Led, sau xut mc 1 tt c 8 chn ca portB: 0b11111111 = 0xFF tt ht cc Led. - Trong vng lp while s thc hin bt led trong thi gian 150ms, ri tt 150ms. Thi gian delay l thi gian cho mt kp nhn thy s thay i ca led.

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LED_BUS1

Gii thch
5. Hm delay __delay_ms(n); __delay_us(n); c to ra bng cch lp nhiu ln lnh NOP khng lm g c. S n ti a khong 190, nu bn mun delay nhiu hn 190ms th cc bn gi hm ny nhiu ln, hoc dng 1 vng lp gi n. V d delay 1s: for(char i=0;i<10;i++) __delay_ms(100);

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V d 2
Trong v d 2, ta ch bt tt led 1 chn duy nht ca portB, ta s cu hnh bit TRISBn v RBn tng ng ca chn m khng nh hng ti gi tr ca ton b thanh ghi TRISB, PORTB
void main(void) { ANSEL=0; ANSELH=0; //Tt c cc port l digital TRISB1=0; //PortB.1 l output RB1=1; //Xut mc 1 while(1) { RB1=0; __delay_ms(150); RB1=1; __delay_ms(150); }; }

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V d 3
Ci tin v d 2 1 bit xor vi 1 ly b ca n (1 ^1 kt qu =0; 0^1 kt qu =1). RB1 ^=1; ngha l xor gi tr RB1 vi 1 ri ghi kt qu va nhn c vo chnh RB1, tc l php ly b ca RB1.
void main(void) { char i; ANSEL=0; ANSELH=0; //Tt c cc port l digital TRISB1=0; //PortB.1 l output RB1=1; //Xut mc 1 while(1) { RB1 ^=1; for(i=0;i<10;i++) __delay_ms(100); //delay 1s }; }

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