1. Nguyn V Anh Phng 2. Bi Th Hi Yn 3. Nguyn c 4. Hong Anh Phi 5. Bch Mai Sn 6.

L Quc Dng

I. Tnh hnh ch bin thy sn Vit Nam

1.1. Kim ngch xut khu thy sn Vit Nam qua cc nm 1.2. C cu sn xut thy sn nm 2010 1.3. Th trng xut khu thy sn Vit Nam

II. S ch bin c Fillet III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Nguyn liu Cng on tip nhn nguyn liu Ct tit- ngm Cng on ra 1 Cng on fillet Cng on ra 2 Cng on lng da Cng on nh hnh

9.Cng on soi k sinh trng 10.Cng on phn mu phn c s b

11.Cng on ra 3 12.Cng on quay thuc 13.Cng on phn mu - phn 14.Cng on cn 15.Cng on ra 4 16.Cng on xp khun (trong qu trnh lnh ng block) 17.Cng on ch ng 18.Cng on cp ng 19.Cng on tch khun: (i vi dng ng Block) 20.Cng on m bng (trong qu trnh lnh ng IQF) 21.Cng on ti ng 22.Cng on d kim loi 23.Cng on bao gi- ht chn khng 24.Cng on ng thng 25.Cng on bo qun

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

Li M u
Vi ng b bin di hn 3.200 km; Vit Nam c vng c quyn kinh t trn bin rng hn 1 triu km2. Vit Nam cng c vng mt nc ni a ln rng hn 1,4 triu ha nh h thng sng ngi, m ph dy c. V tr a l v iu kin t nhin thun li gip Vit Nam c nhiu th mnh ni tri pht trin ngnh cng nghip thy sn. T lu Vit Nam tr thnh quc gia sn xut v xut khu thy sn hng u khu vc, cng vi Indonesia v Thi Lan. Xut khu thy sn tr thnh mt trong nhng lnh vc quan trng ca nn kinh t.

I. Tnh hnh ch bin thy sn Vit Nam

1. Kim ngch xut khu thy sn Vit Nam qua cc nm
Kim ngch xut khu thy sn Vit Nam trong nhng nm gn y c tc tng trng kh nhanh.Nm 2003, Vit Nam ng th 7 trong cc nc xut khu thy sn nhiu nht th gii vi kim ngch xut khu 2,16 t USD.Tc tng trng kh nhanh n nm 2006 th t 3,6 t USD a Vit Nam ln ng v tr th 6 trong top 10 nc xut khu thy ln nht th gii. Kt thc nm 2007, kim ngch xut khu thy sn Vit Nam t 3,75 t USD (tng gn 12% so vi nm 2006). Nm 2008 xut khu thy sn Vit Nam t 4,5 t USD, mt phn l do tng trng mnh ca c tra, c ba sa v cng nh a dng ha sn phm, pht trin th trng mi. Kim ngch xut khu thy sn ca Vit Nam c nm 2009 c t 4,3 t USD. Theo d liu thng k chnh thc t Tng cc Hi quan, nm 2010, ngnh thy sn ca Vit Nam xut khu 1,353 triu tn, tr gi gn 5,034 t USD, tng 11,3% v khi lng v 18,4% v gi tr so vi nm 2009.

I. Tnh hnh ch bin thy sn Vit Nam

1.1. Kim ngch xut khu thy sn Vit Nam qua cc nm

I. Tnh hnh ch bin thy sn Vit Nam

1.2. C cu sn xut thy sn nm 2010
Mc d tr thnh nc xut khu thy sn nhiu nm nhng cc mt hng thu sn xut khu ch lc ca Vit Nam vn cn kh n iu, ch yu l c, tm, nhuyn th, cc loi thu sn ng lnh v thu sn kh. Cng ngh ch bin ca ngnh thy sn Vit Nam vn cha p ng y nhu cu tiu dng ca th gii. Mt s mt hng hi sn xut khu chnh ca Vit Nam:

I. Tnh hnh ch bin thy sn Vit Nam

1.3. Th trng xut khu thy sn Vit Nam

II. S ch bin c Fillet

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.1. Nguyn liu

C hi i Ty Dng
C thu

C chm

C diu hng

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.1. nguyn liu

C thc lc

C tra/basa

C trch

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.1. nguyn liu
Phn loi c ba sa: Theo h thng phn loi Tyson Roberts, c ba sa thuc h Pangasiidae, ging Pangasius, loi P.bocourti. Trc y, c Basa c nh danh l Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton). Phn b C ba sa phn b lu vc sng M kng, c mt c 4 nc Lo, Vit Nam, Campuchia v Thi lan. Thi Lan cn gp c ba sa sng Chaophraya. nc ta nhng Gi tr dinh dng

C tra/basa

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.2. Cng on tip nhn nguyn liu

Thao tc - C t di ghe c vt vo st cho vo cc thng nha, mi thng nng khong 100 kg, pha di y thng c nhiu l thot nc.Dng balng in ko ln bng ti v c bng ti vn chuyn a n bn cn in t.Sau khi cn xong c dc theo cc mng ca tip nhn c i qua cc bn cha nguyn liu bn trong.
Mc ch

- Cn v kim tra khi lng nguyn liu u vo. - Xc nh trng lng, mc ti n, mu sc, gi tr cm quan ca c theo ng yu cu m x nghip t ra.

3.2. Cng on tip nhn nguyn liu

Yu cu

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

C c tip nhn phi c giy xc nhn: - Khng s dng khng sinh cm (CAP, AOZ, MG, LMG) hoc khng sinh c s dng nhng phi ngng 4 tun trc khi s dng. - Ngng s dng thuc khng sinh trc khi thu hoch t nht 4 tun. - m bo l nguyn liu c nui trong vng kim sot t yu cu v d lng thuc tr su v kim loi nng. - Ch tip nhn nhng l nguyn liu c khi lng t 0.5 kg/con tr ln, cn sng v khng b try xc - Mi l nguyn liu phi c m s ring.M s ny phi c ghi km l hng trong qu trnh ch bin, ghi trn bao b truy xut l hng t thnh phm n nguyn liu.V sinh nh xng, cu cng, bng ti trc v sau khi tip nhn nguyn liu. - Thao tc nhanh nhn, trnh c ln khi mt nc qu lu gy cht trc khi ch bin.

3.2. Cng on tip nhn nguyn liu

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.3. Ct tit- ngm
Mc ch: - Cng on ct tit nhm lm cho mau chy ra, trnh ng mu trong tht lm gim cht lng cm quan, ng thi lm c cht nhanh. Thao tc - C sau khi cn tip nhn c ln bn. - Cng nhn tay thun cm dao tay cn li gi cht c, dng dao ct su vo hu c cho mu chy ra v chuyn c vo bn nc ngm. - Tn sut 2 gi/tn di bn sch s mi c tip tc. - Thao tc phi c tin hnh nhanh chng dao ct tit phi l dao inox nhn u, sc bn, vt ct phi t hu cho mu chy ra nhanh.

3.3. Ct tit- ngm

Yu cu:

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

- Thao tc phi nhanh gn v chnh xc. Ch s dng nc sch ngm c. - Khu vc sn xut phi v sinh sch. - Dng c phi c v sinh sch s trc khi s dng. - Cng nhn trc khi vo sn xut phi trang b y bo h lao ng v v sinh c nhn sch s.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.4. Cng on ra 1
Thao tc

- C t bn ngoi vo bn inox 500 lt thng qua mng np nguyn liu.Cng nhn x nc t vi nc vo bn, mi bn khng qu 1500 kg. Sau dng dm nha khuy o nh, u v trnh lm try xc c. Mc ch - Nhm loi b bt tp cht, vi sinh vt v mt phn nht c bm trn thn c to iu kin cho cc cng on sau c sch s v thun li. Yu cu - Nc ra phi l nc sch. - Mi bn ra khng qu 1500 kg. - Thay nc sau mi ln ra. - Trong qu trnh ra khng c c qu y trnh hin tng c vng vy rt ra ngoi gy nhim bn.

3.5. Cng on fillet

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

Thao tc - t c ln tht, u hng v pha bn phi, lng i din vi ngi fillet. - Dng dao chuyn dng cho ngi fillet, tay phi cm dao, tay tri dc ln thn c. - Dng dao ct mt ng pha di ngnh c, n mnh li dao pha di xng c. -Sau nghing li dao, to vi xng sng mt gc 45o ko mt ng t trn xung khi n k lng ca c th ta lch li dao qua (thao tc ny phi kho lo trnh st tht v tr ny) sau i dc ng dao xung ui. Phn bng cn dnh li ta dn mnh tay ct sut t bng ti ui. - Mt cn li, ta lt ming c li v lm tng t. Mc ch
- Tch phn tht ra khi xng c, loi b xng, vy, u. To gi tr cm quan p cho ming c v theo yu cu ca khch hng.

3.5. Cng on fillet

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

Yu cu - Ming c sau khi fillet khng b b ni tng, rch, vn, st xng, b mt phi nhn, phng. Thao tc fillet sao cho hn ch ti a tht cn st li trn xng. - B mt fille bng phng, p. - Dao, tht, r trc khi fillet phi c v sinh sch s. - Ming c ngay sau khi fillet phi c cho vo r t di vi nc phun sng lm gim lng mu bm trn ming c v hn ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt. - Ph phm phi nhanh chng chuyn ra ngoi phng cha ph phm, trnh gy ng trong khu vc fillet.Thng cha ph phm khi c 2/3 l phi ko ra ngoi.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.6. Cng on ra 2
Thao tc - C sau khi fillet xong a qua cn tnh nng sut cho cng nhn. Sau a qua khu ra, cc ming fillet c a qua cc bn ra sch mu, mi bn khong 300 kg c.T l ra 1:3 (300 kg c : 100 lt nc). Dng tay o lin tc ra sch mu cn dnh li trn ming fillet, vt ra v chuyn sang cng on lng da. Mc ch - Loi b sch mu trn b mt ming c v cht bn ln t ni tng trong qu trnh fillet. Cng on ny cng loi bt mt phn vi sinh vt trn ming fillet. Lm trng c tht c v tng gi tr cm quan ca ming c.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.6. Cng on ra 2
Yu cu - Ra c bng nc sch.Ra khng qu 300 kg / 1 ln. Nhit nc ra l nhit nc thng. Khng nn ra c bng nc lnh, v nhit thp lm cho ming c cng hn, m ng c gy kh khn trong qu trnh ra v cc cng on sau. - Nc ra ch c s dng mt ln duy nht v thay nc sau mi ln ra.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.7. Cng on lng da
Thao tc - t ming fillet ln bn my lng da, b mt da tip xc vi bn my, t t y nh phn da n vo li dao t ui n ht ming fillet. Sau khi lng xong th phn tht i vo phn r cha nguyn liu v em cn tnh nng sut, phn da tch ra i xung khay ph liu t pha di. Mc ch - Lm tng gi tr cm quan cho ming c fillet. - To iu kin cho vic nh hnh d dng v p hn. - p ng theo yu cu ca khch hng. Yu cu - Bn my phi c v sinh sch s trc khi vn hnh. - Cc dng c chuyn dng phi v sinh sch s trc khi s dng. - Ming c sau khi lng da phi sch tng i, phi tht phng, nhn v khng b phm tht.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.7. Cng on lng da My lng da

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.8. Cng on nh hnh
Thao tc

- t ming c ln tht v lng ht phn da cn st li khu lng da. Sau lt mt trong ca ming c hng ln trn, dng dao lng b ht phn m bng, m lng, m d v ly ht xng d cn st li.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.8. Cng on nh hnh
Mc ch - Lm theo yu cu ca khch hng. - Lm tng gi tri cm quan v gi tr dinh dng cho ming c. Yu cu - Bn thnh phm sau khi nh hnh xong khng cn st c tht (i vi c tht trng), m, xng. - Ming c phi phng, nhn, khng c rch nt. - Nhit thn c lun <120C. - Nhit nc nhng <30C.Sau khi ra khong 200 kg c thay nc mt ln. - Cng nhn phi v sinh tay, dng c, bn sau 30 pht trong nc ra vi nng chlorine 10-15 ppm. - Qu trnh to hnh phi nhanh chng, ng cch trnh lm ng bn thnh phm qu nhiu nh hng n cht lng sn phm.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.9. Cng on soi k sinh trng
Thao tc - t ming c ln bn soi kim tra s hin din ca k sinh trng, di nh sng ca n, nh sng c th xuyn qua ming c gip ta nhn thy s hin din ca k sinh trng hoc mu bm tn ti trong ming c. Nu pht hin ming c c k sinh trng th phi tch ring ming c loi sang bn ph phm. Mc ch - Kim tra v pht hin k sinh trng tn ti trong ming c nhm loi b chng m bo an ton thc phm.
Yu cu - Loi b nhng k sinh trng c hnh dng m trng bu dc hoc l m en hnh dng khng xc nh. - nh sng n c cng 540- lux - Cng nhn c ngh 10 pht sau mt gi kim tra. - Phi soi c 2 mt ca c v thao tc phi nhanh chng, chnh xc.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.10. Cng on phn mu phn c s b
Thao tc - La ra nhng ming c cn st xng, da, m, vt mu, vt rch chnh li cho t tiu chun. - Phn mu s b cho mu sc ca sn phm ng u. Phn ra lm 4 loi mu:

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.10. Cng on phn mu phn c s b
Mc ch - m bo s ng u v trng lng, kch thc, mu sc to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh quay tng trng.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.11. Cng on ra 3
Thao tc - Cng nhn nhng ln lt mi r ng khng qu 5 kg qua 3 bn nc 100l Mc ch - Loi b vn c v vi sinh vt bm trn b mt ming fillet. - Lm sch ming fillet trc khi x l quay tng trng. - Cn bit khi lng c m pha dung dch thuc quay tng trng cho ph hp. Yu cu - Khong 200 kg th tin hnh thay nc 1ln. - Nhit nc ra 80C - Qu trnh thay nc hp l.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.12. Cng on quay thuc
Thao tc - Chun b dung dch thuc gm: 2 % MP Seaphos VI (12 kg) 1 % mui NaCl (6 kg) - Ha tan tt c vo 600 lt nc, va pha va cho vo h thp nhit dung dch. - Cho dung dch vo my, sau cho c vo theo t l 1:4. Mi ln cho vo my 300-500 kg. Thi gian quay t 6-12 pht ty theo loi c.
Mc ch - Tng gi tr cm quan cho ming fillet, mu sc ming c ti sng, bng p hn. - Tng trng lng ming fillet, gim nh mc tiu hao nguyn liu, tng gi thnh sn phm. - To iu kin thun li cho cng on phn c, bt mu, phn loi c.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.12. Cng on quay thuc
Yu cu - S vng quay: 5-8 vng/ pht - Nhit dung dch thuc t 60C 80C. - T l tng trng t 8-12 %. - Nng dung dch thuc x l phi ph hp vi tng loi c, c c. - C sau khi x l phi c mu p, bng v kh nng gi nc tt. - Cc ha cht c s dng phi ng theo tiu chun ca b thy sn.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.13. Cng on phn mu - phn c
Thao tc - Phn c: Ty theo yu cu ca khch hng v ty theo loi c m c c phn lm cc c khc nhau. Vic phn c c thc hin bng my, c t ln my phn c phn thnh cc size khc nhau theo yu cu khch hng. Gm c cc c Oz (1Oz = 28,35 g) - Phn mu: Phn li nhng mu m trong qu trnh phn mu s b cn st. Do trong qu trnh ch bin bn thn c tht c c mu khc nhau nn ta phi phn ra thnh tng loi ring bit v theo yu cu ca khch hng.C sau khi ngm quay th mu sc c th hin r rng hn nn vic phn mu thun li hn.C 4 loi mu c bn: trng, hng nht, hng m, vng chanh. Mc ch - To s ng u v kch c v mu sc ca ming c. - To iu kin cho cho cng on sau c thun li hn.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.13. Cng on phn mu - phn c
Yu cu - Phi thng xuyn hiu chnh cn m bo chnh xc ca sn phm. -Thao tc nhanh gn, trnh ming fillet nm lu trn bn. - Phn c, loi theo tiu chun ngnh v theo yu cu ca khch hng. - C c bt mu ng, tuyt i khng c ln ln mu sc, sai c khng c vt gii hn 2 %.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.14. Cng on cn
Mc ch: - Cn p ng yu cu ca khch hng, xc nh trng lng tnh ng thi l c s xc nh nng sut ca cng nhn. - Phn sn phm thnh tng phn, to iu kin thun li cho cng an sau, gip d dng hn trong vic tiu th sn phm. Thao tc - Trng lng c cn cho mi n v sn phm l khc nhau ty theo yu cu khch hng. - Thng thng cn theo khi lung 3kg , 4.5kg. - t r ln bn cn, tr b khi lng sau cho c ln cn ng khi lng - Cn xong t th c vo ghi r size, khi lung cn, ngy sn xut. Yu cu: - Cn phi c hiu chnh thng xuyn m bo chnh xc. - m bo trng lng tnh trn mi n v sn phm.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.15. Cng on ra 4
Thao tc - Ln lt cho tng r c bn thnh phm ra qua nc sch, lnh.Nhit nc ra t 6-80C.Thi gian ra 15-20 giy.Cho tng r c vo bn ra v dng tay khuy u, gt b lp m v bt trn b mt ra.Ly ra ro 3-5 pht ri chuyn sang cng on khc. Mc ch - Ra tng gi tr cm quan cho ming fillet, loi b vn c v vi sinh vt bm trn b mt ming fillet. Yu cu - Ra bng nc sch, nhit nc ra phi c kim tra thng xuyn. - Tn sut thay nc ng quy nh, 200 kg thay nc mt ln.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.16. Cng on xp khun (trong qu trnh lnh ng block)
Mc ch - Ngn cn s tip xc vi mi trng bn ngoi ,thun li cho qu trnh cp ng Yu cu - Ming c khng c dnh vo nhau , ming c phi ngay ngn. - Thao tc nhanh, ng yu cu m bo nhit ca c khong 1oC.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.17. Cng on ch ng
Mc ch : - Hn ch s gim khi lng ca sn phm. - H thp nhit sn phm, rt ngn thi gian cp ng. - n nh cht lng sn phm, hn ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt. Thao tc - Sau khi ra cho vo bao PE (55*57 cm), mi bao 5 kg cho vo bn. - Mi lp c cho mt lp .Mi bn khong 450-500 kg gm 5 lp c v 6 lp . - Sau mi lp dy 5 cm cho khong 500 g mui xay ln mt h thp im ng bng ca nc gip h thp nhit bn thnh phm. Yu cu - Thi gian ch ng khng qu 4h. - Nhit kho ch ng t 1 40C. - Kho ch ng phi c v sinh sch s v kim tra hit thng xuyn.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.18. Cng on cp ng
Thao tc - T lnh ng IQF trc khi vn hnh t phi tin hnh lm v sinh bng chuyn v ro nc.Sau ng ca t v vn hnh cho t chy ch khng ti n khi nhit t -330C.iu chnh sao cho tc bng chuyn ph hp vi nhit trung tm ca sn phm l -180C.Cng nhn ng 2 bn bng chuyn t tng ming c ln bng ti v nh hnh ming c ngay ngn, cc ming c khng c dnh lin nhau, khng c cch qu xa nhau.Sau mi mt loi c, phi t size ln bng chuyn bit kch c ca c. - i vi t ng tip xc phi chy khi ng t n khi c mt lp bng mng ph trn cc tm Plate mi cho hng vo cp ng; thi gian cp ng khng qu 3 gi. Nhit trung tm sn phm t 18oC.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.18. Cng on cp ng
Mc ch - nhit thp(-180C), nc trong sn phm gn nh kt tinh hon ton, enzym b v hot, vi sinh vt hu nh khng th pht trin, ko di thi gian bo qun sn phm. - To hnh dng c nh cho sn phm v to iu kin thun li cho bao gi, bo qun sn phm. Yu cu i vi lnh ng IQF - Nhit t cp ng -33oC. - Nhit tm sn phm l -18oC. - Thi gian cp ng 20 30 pht ty theo c c. Lnh ng block - Thi gian cp ng 3 gi. - Nhit trung tm sn phm: -18oC. - Nhit t cp ng: - 3.5 - 4oC. - Cng nhn lm vic trong cng on ny phi mc y bo h lao ng v v sinh sch s.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.18. Cng on cp ng

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.19. Cng on tch khun: (i vi dng ng Block)
Mc ch: - Tch sn phm ra khi khun. Thao tc: - Ngi cng nhn cho khun sn phm p i qua vi nc p lc mnh, ri g nh thnh khun xung bn, bnh sn phm s tch ra khi khun. Yu cu: - Bnh sn phm phi nguyn vn, khng b nt, b.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.20. Cng on m bng (trong qu trnh lnh ng IQF)
- M bng l qu trnh lm ng bng 01 lp nc trn b mt sn phm. i vi c ng Block c bc kn trong bao nn vic m bng khng phi thc hin. Ch p dng phng php m bng i vi c ng IQF. Thao tc - C sau khi tch ra khi bng chuyn ri xung bng chuyn li. Pha trn bng chuyn li l h thng vi phun dng m bng ngay sn phm khi ri khi bng chuyn.Vi h thng vi phun ny th sn phm c m bng ng u v hp v sinh hn. Mc ch - Bo v sn phm, tng gi tr cm quan v hn ch mt nc. - Gim tn hao nhit trong qu trnh bo qun, lm tng trng lng ca ming c. - Gim thiu va chm trong qu trnh vn chuyn, bo qun. - Lp bng c tc dng bo v thc phm chng xi ho cc thnh phn dinh dng do tip xc vi khng kh. - Chng qu trnh thng hoa nc trong thc phm.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.20. Cng on m bng (trong qu trnh lnh ng IQF)
Yu cu - Nc m bng phi l nc lnh, sch. - Nhit nc m bng t 0 30C. - T l lp m bng so vi trng lng sn phm thng thng l 5 % c th cao hn ty theo yu cu ca khch hng. - Bn thnh phm sau khi m bng trnh ng qu lu gy ra hin tng tan bng nh hng n cht lng sn phm. Phng php m bng sn phm ng : 2 phng php m bng o Phng php nhng m bo u hn, p hn, thc hin n gin nhng tn hao lnh ln, sau khi nhng mt s ln th nc b nhim bn nn phi thay th. Nc nhng c nhit khong 35oC. o Phng php phun thc hin t nhiu pha, h thng iu khin t ng phi nhp nhng gia cc khu. Tuy nhin khi phun mt di ca sn phm s khng c m nn phi c bin php b sung.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.20. Cng on m bng (trong qu trnh lnh ng IQF)

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.21. Cng on ti ng
Thao tc: - Sn phm sau khi m bng c a vo bung ti ng Mc ch: - H nhit sn phm nhm bo qun tt hn Yu cu: - Ch s dng nhng dng c lm v sinh sch s - Dng c s dng cng on ny phi l dng c chuyn dng - Cng nhn phi lm v sinh sch s v y bo h lao ng trc khi tip xc vi sn phm - i vi sn phm ng IQF sau khi m bng phi c ti ng ngay nhit trung tm sn phm t -18oC.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.22. Cng on d kim loi
Thao tc - Sn phm sau khi cn t yu cu c thc hin cho vo PE/PA sau chuyn qua cng on d kim loi. - i vi cng on d kim loi sn phm dng block: cho tng block sn phm a qua my d kim loi. - i vi sn phm d kim loi dng IQF: Sn phm c cn xong cho vo PE/PA a qua my d kim loi pht hin v loi b mnh kim loi hin din trong sn phm. Mc ch: - Loi b cc mnh kim loi trong sn phm - m bo an ton, v sinh thc phm

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.22. Cng on d kim loi
Yu cu: - Sau khi a qua my d kim loi khng cn hin din mnh kim loi trong sn phm - Tn sut kim tra my d kim loi vo u ca, cui ca v mi 1gi/ ln

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.23. Cng on bao gi- ht chn khng
bo v, bo qun v lm tng thm m thc phm, sau cp ng thc phm c chuyn sang khu ng gi bao b. y l khu ht sc quan trng lm tng gi tr thc phm, thu ht khch hng v qung b sn phm Thao tc - Sn phm sau khi m bng xong cho vo ti PE (PA nu ht chn khng) a qua myht chn khng v hn kn ming bao li.Trng lng mi ti ty theo yu cu ca khch hng (thng l 1 kg hoc 1.5 kg ty theo yu cu khch hng).Ty theo loi hng m c th khng ht chn khng, ch hn ming bao li v ng thng.. Mc ch - Thun tin cho qu trnh ng thng. - Tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm v bo v sn phm khng cho c tip xc vi mi trng bn ngoi.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.23. Cng on bao gi- ht chn khng
Yu cu - Thao tc nhanh,nh nhng, trnh lm hng c. - Bao gi ng loi, ng c, ng qui cch qui nh ring ca mi khch hng. - Bao b phi sch, mi, nguyn vn, khng dng bao b b thng v rch. -Cc mi hn phi kn, nu b h hoc rch phi loi b ti PE v thay ti khc. - Phi kn trnh tip xc khng kh gy ra xi ho sn phm. Mt khc phi chng thm nhp hi m hoc thot m ca thc phm. Thng sn phm c bao bc bn trong l bao ny lng bn ngoi l thng cactn trng sp. - Bao b phi p v hp dn, m bo thm m cng nghip. - Bao b dng khi d dng xp t v vn chuyn.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.24. Cng on ng thng
Thao tc - i vi sn phm ng Block: C 2 block c bao gi trong mt carton hoc trong mt s trng hp s theo yu cu c th ca tng khch hng. - i vi sn phm ng IQF: Thng thng c 2 PE c bao gi trong 1 carton hoc 10 PE bao gi trong mt carton. Tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp s theo yu cu c th ca tng khch hng. - ai np 2 dy ngang, 2dy dc hoc theo yu cu khch hng

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.24. Cng on ng thng
Mc ch - Bo v v thng tin v sn phm bn trong. - To iu kin thun li cho vic bo qun, vn chuyn, phn phi v lu kho. - To v m quan, m bo cht lng theo yu cu khch hng. Yu cu - Cng nhn phi thc hin v sinh c nhn, mang y bo h lao ng. - Tt c thit b nh xng v thng carton phi c v sinh sch s. - Trn thng phi ghi y cc thng tin v a ch cng ty, tn sn phm, c, trng lng, ngy sn xut, thi hn s dng, iu kin bo qun, m s l hng, m s EU, hng dn s dng. - Sn phm sau khi ng thng phi c a vo kho bo qun ngay, khng c ngoi kho qu 15 pht.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.25. Cng on bo qun
Thao tc - Sau khi ng thng chuyn hng n ca kho cng sm, cng tt. t thng hng ln bng chuyn chuyn cc thng hng vo trong kho n xe vn chuyn bn trong. Cng nhn iu khin xe in sp xp hng ha theo yu cu k thut ra. Cc thng hng c xp theo tng cm ring bit trnh nhim cho.

Mc ch - Duy tr nhit sn phm mc thp, nhit ny khng c s nng chy hoc kt tinh ca nc trong sn phm. - Enzym b v hot, vi sinh vt trong sn phm khng cn c kh nng pht trin, ko di thi gian bo qun sn phm. - Sn phm cha trong kho bo qun trnh c s ph hoi ca cn trng, ngn nga s ly nhim ca vi sinh vy t mi trng bn ngoi.

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

3.25. Cng on bo qun
Yu cu - Hng xp trong kho sao cho tit kim din tch nht nhng phi m bo nhit bo qun ng ca tm sn phm. - Tuyt i khng c a hng cha cp ng vo trong kho. - Cn to li i thng thong, m bo khng kh lnh lu thng u trong kho bo qun. - Cc kin hng c cht ln pallet cch nn khong 15 cm, cch tng 40 cm, cch trn 80 cm. - Hng c cht theo tng chng loi ring bit v ai kin chc chn. - Hng nhp trong kho phi ghi y cc k hiu thng tin v sn phm theo yu cu. - Nhit kho bo qun -180C. - Hng vo trc u tin xut trc.

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

Tc ng ca nc thi ch bin thy hi sn n mi trng
Nc thi thy hi sn c hm lng cht nhim cao,nu khng c x l s gy nhim cc ngun nc mt v nc ngm trong khu vc.
i vi nc ngm tng nng ,nc thi ch bin thy sn c th thm xung t v gy nhim nc ngm,cc ngun nc ngm b nhim cht hu c,vi khun rt kh x l thnh nc sinh hot. i vi nc mt cc cht nhim c trong nc thi lm suy thoi cht lng nc tc ng xu n mi trng v thy sinh.

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

THNH PHN, TNH CHT NC THI THY HI SN

Ngun cht thi ch yu c chia lm 3 dng : _Cht thi rn _Cht thi lng _Cht thi kh _Trong qu trnh sn xut cn gy ra ngun nhim ting n, rung v nguy c chy n cao.

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

Cht thi rn: Cht thi rn t qu trnh ch bin c fillet gm c : tht c ,xng,vy,m c .. Thnh phn chnh ca chng l nhng cht hu c giu am,canxi ,photpho. Cc cht thi ny c thu gom li lm thc n cho gia sc,gia cm,thy sn. Ngoi ra cn c rc thi sinh hot,bao b ,nhn hng c trng cho rc thi sinh hot.

Cht thi lng: Nc thi trong nh my ch bin ng lnh phn ln l nc thi trong qu trnh sn xut,gm nc thi ra nguyn liu,nc
Cht thi kh: _Kh Clo sinh ra trong qu trnh kh trng thit b,nh xng ch bin v kh trng nguyn liu,bn thnh phm. _Mi hi tanh t nguyn liu,cng rnh,ni cha ph thi. _Hi tc nhn lnh c th b r r NH3

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

TC NG CA NC THI CH BIN THY HI SN N MI TRNG

Cc cht hu c: Cc cht hu c ch bin trong thy sn ch yu l d phn hy.Trong nc thi cha Cc cht nh Cacbonhydrat,Protein,cht bo..Khi x vo ngun nc s lm suy gim nng Oxi ha tan trong nc do VSV dng oxi phn hy cc cht hu c. Nng Oxi ha tan di 50% nh hng ti s pht trin ca tm c,n cn lm mt kh nng t lm sch ca ngun nc,gim cht lng ngun nc .
Cc cht rn l lng : cc cht rn l lng lm nc c hoc c mu,lm gim su tng nc c nh sng chiu xung,gy nh hng n qu trnh quang hp ca to,rong ru. Cht rn l lng l tc nhn chnh gy nh hng tiu cc n ti nguyn thy sinh v nh hng n tnh cm quan(gy c nc) ,lm bi lng lng sng cn tr s lu thng ngun nc .

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

Cht dinh dng (N,P) Nng cc cht N, P cao gy ra hin tng bng n cc loi to n mc gii hn , to s cht v phn hy gy nn hin tng thiu Oxi. Cc to to thnh lp mng ni ln trn khin bn di mt nc khng c nh sng lm cho qu trnh quang hp bn di b ngng tr.nh hng ln n h thy sinh . Amonia rt cho c ,tm d nng rt nh.Nng lm cht tm c t 1,2 n 3 mg/l. Vi sinh vt Cc VSV c bit,vi khun gy bnh,trng giun sn l ngun nhim c bit v d ly truyn bnh dch cho ngi : bnh kit l, tiu chy,nhim khun ng tit niu.

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

S PHT SINH CC DNG THI

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

Thy hi sn,tm,c, mc

Nc

Ra 1

Nc thi

Nc lnh

Ch bin

Nc thi cht thi rn Nc thi

Nc

Ra 2

Nc,nng lng ha cht

Cp ng

Nc thi,r r CFC,NH3

Thnh phm

Song chn
B lng ct

em chn lp

My thi kh

Sn phi ct

B iu ha B lng ng kt hp ng t sinh hc

B cha bn

B phn hy bn My thi kh

My p bn

B Aerotank
B lng 2 B kh trng

Thi b lm phn bn

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

ng dn nc. ng dn nc tun hon ng thi kh ng dn bn

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

THUYT MINH: Nc thi qua song chn rc,loi b mt phn rc c kch thc ln. Nc thi chy qua b lng ct lng bt cc ht ct c kch thc ln Sau ,nc thi c a ln mng thu v bm ln b iu ha c gn h thng thi kh v n nh lu lng nng . Lng ct lng c a phi sn,ri dng cho mc ch khc. Trc khi c a n cng trnh x l chnh(b Aerotank),nc c a n b lng ng kt hp ng t sinh hc tin hnh lm thong s b gip gim mt phn cc hp cht hu c v lng cc thnh phn l lng. Nc thi tip tc c a n b lng II lng bn(VSV) .Bn lng b II c tun hon li b Aerotank v b ng t sinh hc. Nc sau lng II tha iu kin c thi ra ngun tip nhn. Bn c n nh ti b sinh hc hiu kh, y mt phn nc c tch ra khi bn v c dn tr li my iu ha

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

PHNG PHP X L C HC
>Song chn rc : song chn rc nhm gi cc cn bn c kch thc ln hay dng si:giy,rau c,rc rc c chuyn ti my nghin nghin nh ,sau chuyn ti b phn hy cn(b metan) .i vi cc tp cht <5mm phi dng li chn rc gm cc thanh kim loi thit din hnh ch nht ,hnh trn hoc bu dc song chn rc c chia lm 2 loi: di ng hoc c nh,c th thu lm bng th cng hoc c kh. Song chn rc t 1 gc nghing 600 -900C theo hng dng chy.

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

PHNG PHP X L C HC
>B lng ct: B lng ct dng tch cc cht bn v c c khi lng ring ln hn nc nh ct,x thanCt b lng c em phi kh sn phi v dng cho mc ch xy dng.
>B lng: B lng dng tch cc cht l lng c trng lng ring ln hn trng lng ring ca nc.Cht l lng nng hn s t t lng xung y.,cht l lng nh hn s ni ln mt nc hoc tip tc theo cc cng trnh lng n b x l tip theo. Dng nhng thit b thu gom cc cht bn ni v cn,vn chuyn n cng trnh x l cn.

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

PHNG PHP X L C HC
>B vt du m: B vt du m dng thu gom cc tp cht nh,nu hm lng du m khng cao th c th dng thit b gt cht ni
B lc : B lc nhm tch cc cht trng thi l lng kch thc nh bng cch cho nc thi i qua lp lc c bit hoc qua lp vt liu lc. Qu trnh phn ring c thc hin nh vch ngn xp,n cho nc i qua v gi pha phn tn li.Qu trnh din ra di p sut ca ct nc.

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

B lc chm

B lc nhanh

B lc nhanh Aquazul nh my sng , cng sut 150.000m3

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

HIU QU CA PHNG PHP X L C HC

C th loi b 60% tp cht khng ha tan c trong nc thi v gim BOD n 30% tng hiu xut lm vic ca cc cng trnh x l c hc c th dng phng php lm thong s b , thong gi ng t sinh hc .Hiu qu x l s t n 75% hm lng cht l lng v 40-50 % theo BOD

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

PHNG PHP X L HA L
Bn cht ca qu trnh x l nc thi bng phng php ha l l p dng qu trnh vt l v ha hc a vo cht thi cht phn ng no gy tc ng vi cc tp cht bn,bin i ha hc ,to thnh cc cht khc di dng cn hoc cht ha tan nhng khng gy c hi n mi trng. Giai on x l ha l c th l giai on c lp hoc x l cng vi cc phng php c hc,ha hc,sinh hc trong cng ngh x l nc thi hon chnh.

Nhng phng php ha l thng c s dng x l nc thi l: keo t,ng t tuyn ni,hp ph,trao i ion,thm lc ngc v siu lc.

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

PHNG PHP KEO T V NG T

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

Qu trnh lng ch c th tch c cc ht rn huyn ph nhng khng th tch c cc cht nhim bn dng keo v ha tan v chng l nhng ht rn c kch thc qu nh. tch cc ht rn mt cch c hiu qu bng phng php lng cn tng kch thc ca chng nh s tng h gia cc ht phn tn lin kt v tp hp cc ht nhm tng vn tc lng ca chng. Vic kh cc ht keo rn bng lng trng lng i hi phi trung ha in tch ca chng v lin kt chng vi nhau. Qu trnh trung ha in tch gi l qu trnh ng t(coagulation) Qu trnh to thnh cc bng ln hn t cc ht nh gi l qu trnh keo t(flocculation)

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

Phng php keo t: _L qu trnh kt hp cc ht l lng khi cho cc cht cao phn t vo nc. Khc vi qu trnh ng t ,khi keo t th qu trnh din ra khng ch do tip xc trc tip m cn do tng tc ln nhau gia cc phn t keo t b hp ph trn cc ht l lng. _Cht keo t thng c th l hp cht t nhin hoc tng hp

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

Tuyn ni: _Phng php tuyn ni thng c dng tch cc hp cht dng rn hay dng lng,phn tn khng tan hay t lng km khi pha lng.Trong x l nc thi tuyn ni thng c s dng kh cc cht l lng v lm c bn sinh hc. _u im c bn l c th kh hon ton cc ht nh v nh,lng chm trong thi gian ngn.Khi cc ht ni ln b mt th thu bng b phn ht bt. _Tuyn ni c thc hin bng cch sc kh vo trong pha lng,cc kh kt dnh vi cc ht,khi ht ln th ni ln b mt.Sau chng tp hp vi nhau thnh nhng lp bt.

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

Hp ph: _Phng php hp ph c s dng rng ri lm sch trit nc thi khi cht hu c ha tan. _Cc cht hp ph thng c s dng nh than hot tnh,cc cht tng hp,ph phm(tro,r,mt ca) _Cht hp ph v c nh t st,silicagen,keo nhm v cc hydroxit kim loi t c s dng. _Than hot tnh thng c s dng,nhng chng cn c nhng tnh cht xc nh nh: +Tng tc yu vi cc phn t nc v mnh vi cc cht hu c. +C l xp th hp th cc phn t hu c ln v phc tp. +C kh nng phc hi,bn vi nc v thm nc nhanh. +C hot tnh xc tc thp i vi phn ng oxi ha

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

Phng php x l sinh hc: _Phng php x l sinh hc l s dng kh nng sng,hot ng ca vi sinh vt trong nc thi.Cc vsv s dng cc hp cht hu c v mt s khong cht lm ngun dinh dng v to nng lng. _Qu trnh phn hy cc cht hu c nh vsv gi l qu trnh oxi sinh ha. C th thc hin trong iu kin hiu kh ho k kh. _Phng php x l sinh hc c th ng dng lm sch hon ton cc loi nc thi hu c ha tan hoc phn tn nh,thng c p dng sau khi loi b cc tp cht th ra khi nc thi.

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

B hiu kh bn hot tnh Aerotank: _L b cha hn hp nc thi v bn hot tnh,kh c cp lin tc vo b gi cho bn trng thi l lng trong nc thi v cp oxi cho cho VSV oxi ha cc cht hu c c trong nc thi. Khi trong b ,cc cht l lng ng vai tr l cc ht nhn cho cc vi khun c tr,sinh sn v pht trin dn ln thnh cc bng cn gi l bn hot tnh. _Vi khun v VSV sng dng cht nn (BOD)v cht dinh dng (N,P) lm thc n chuyn ha cc cht r khng ha tan v thnh t bo mi. _Phn bn than hot tnh d c a vo b nn bn. _B Aeroten hot ng phi c h thng cung cp kh y v lin tc.

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

B hiu kh bn hot tnh Aerotank

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

Qu trnh x l sinh hc k kh: _L qu trnh phn hy sinh hc cc cht hu c c trong nc thi trong iu kin khng c Oxi to ra sn phm cui cng l kh NH4 v CO2 B UASB-- Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Process : Quy trnh k kh c tng bn l lng dng chy ngc _Nc thi a trc tip vo di y b v c phn phi ng u ,sau chy ngc ln xuyn qua lp bn sinh hc ht nh (bng bn) v cc cht bn hu c c tiu th . _Cc bt kh CO2 v Metan ni ln trn c thu bng cc chp kh dn ra khi b. _Nc thi tip theo s dn ra s phn tch 2 pha lng v rn.Pha lng c dn ra khi b,cn pha rn th hon lu li lp bng bn. _S to thnh cc ht bn l v cng quan trng khi vn hnh b UASB

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

Vng lng Vng lng

Vng phn hy

Vng phn hy

Vng phn hy

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

UASB l mt trong nhng cng ngh x l nc thi bng bin php sinhhc k kh c ng dng rng ri trn th gii do cc c im sau:
C ba qu trnh: Phn hy Lng bn Tch kh c lp t chung trong cng mt cng trnh. To thnh cc loi bn ht k kh c mt VSV cao v tc lng vt xa so vi lp bn hiu kh l lng.

IV. Cc vn mi trng lin quan

Do c tnh ca b UASB x l c cht hu c c hm lng cao nhng khng trit . Do , i vi nc thi c hm lng BOD cao th trong s cng ngh, v tr b UASB thng c t trc b hiu kh Aerotank nhm x l trit cht hu c c trong nc thi . V b UASB ch x l BOD gim v mt mc nht nh, khng trit ,cn b Aerotank th c th x l c cht hu c c nng thp t hiuqu cao. Do b UASB thng t trc b hiu kh.