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4/9/2012

TO (Algae)
SINH VT CH TH - TO

Ni dung chnh tr ca to Khi qut v to (Algae) Sinh vt ph sinh (Periphyton) To l sinh vt ch th (Algae as Indicators)
Vai

Vai tr, ngha ca To (Algae)


Li ch:

To (Algae)
Cu hi: M to lc mong c g?

C s ca chui thc n trong thy vc L ch th tt cho nhim mi trng Gip gim thiu d tha dinh dng To ra xy L vt liu sn xut thch trng (agar), it v nhiu loi thc phm khc Cung cp ni trng cho c

Tr li: Mong rng nhng a con gi ca mnh nhanh ln v ci c anh vng ao h

4/9/2012

Ngnh To theo Peter Pancik http://www.thallobionta.czm.sk


Vi to thuc cc ngnh sau y: 1. Ngnh To lc (Chlorophyta): 2. Ngnh To lng roi lch (Heterokontophyta) 3. Ngnh To mt (Euglenophyta): 4. Ngnh To (Rhodophyta):

Thc vt hay sinh vt n bo? Plant vs. Protist


To l g?

Mt t bo n gin To n bo Sng thnh khi ln Nn to thnh vt c nhiu t bo hp li thnh m n gin Xem thm (Nguyn Ln Dng, 2006)

SINH SN - Reproduction

Trng roi - To n bo dng roi vi


1 t bo c roi t chuyn ng c

Sinh sn v tnh: Bo t ng hoc tnh (Spore) Dng sinh sn n gin, to ra cc giao t (gametes) Tuy nhin cng c th c trng v t bo tinh (sinh sn hu tnh)

4/9/2012

Sinh sn ca to
Cu hi: Ti sao To trt mn ton? Why did the algae fail math? Tr li: Khi phi nhn To li chia He divided when mutliplying

Ngun nng lng


Sinh vt d dng (Heterotrophic)Heteron=(khc d) Trophe=Dinh dng: Tng hp cht hu c t cht v c Quang hp

Ni c tr trn cn ca To

Ni c tr trong nc ca To

ng vt-

t-

Ra/ba ba, c sn, giun, gip xc, c su, Nhiu ni khc nhau Nm c a y, pha khut bng ca cy, l Bn trong v bn ngoi
mc (rng ma), hang hc trong cy, cy np m

Thc vt thy sinhm, ph, ao t-

Bn trong v bn ngoi
Nhiu cht dinh dng Nhiu cht dinh dng

Thc vt trn cn-

m ly, Bogs, marshes, swampsSui nc nng Hot SpringsH Lakes-

To xanh-lc chim u th
to sng bm (periphytic)

Tt c u c To ni /ph du (planktonic algae) v

4/9/2012

Ni c tr trong nc ca To (tip)

H/p cha nc Reservoirs-

To sng ph sinh/sng bm (Periphyton)

Sinh cnh l tng cho nhm vi to (microalgae) Phn b rng

Bm dnh trn gi th Ngun thc n cho c & VKXS Ch th cho cht lng nc c trng cho mc thay i tnh trng sinh l v qun x sinh vt

Sng, sui, lch Rivers, Streams, Creeks

Bn & ct Mud & Sand-

C nhiu loi.

Ao, vng, ho rnh bn l ng v h/vng nc trn (Ponds, Puddles, Roadside Ditches, & Rock Pools)

To c pht tn qua ng khng

To (Algae)
Cu hi: Loi to no thng gia nhp qun i (i lnh)? What kind of algae most often joins the military? Tr li: Loi to chin to ph du Fighter-planktons

Ch th nhim Pollution Indicators: V sao to l SV ch th tt?


C qun th ln trong t nhin C phn ng nhanh vi nhim mi trng C th nh loi n loi. D thu thp mu C th chu ng tt hoc mn cm vi tnh trng mi trng c trng no

4/9/2012

Ch th nhim :
Mc tiu

Sinh vt ph sinh (sng bm) v sinh vt y


Ph sinh Epiphytic
sinh vt sng bm m khng gy hi cho sinh vt khc

nh gi:

Lng sinh khi (Biomass) Loi Species Thnh phn Composition Tnh trng sinh hc ca tp on sinh vt
bm

Sinh vt y Benthic
Sng bn trong hoc trn nn y ca thy vc

Ch th nhim: Phosphorus

Ch th nhim:
Phosphorus
Dinobryon Pandorina

Thay i trong tp on To Tnh trng ph dng tng hay gim ph thuc vo sinh vt ph sinh/SV y, pH, ch nc, tnh trng gc. Quy nh ca M (Florida) <1mg/L Mt s loi thng b nh hng (xem hnh sau)

Scenedesmus Anabaena Schroederia

Oscillatoria

Staurastrum

Aphanzinomenon

Pediastrum

Cosmarium

Microsterias

Closterium

Microcystis

4/9/2012

Phng php iu tra (1)


nh du im thu mu trong GPS Gn nhn hp thu mu: ghi chp ngy, tn sng sui, a im, s tt mu 3. Chn cht nn c kch thc si cui 4. a cht nn y vo khay c nhn xung nc 5. T t ht nc ra khi khay thu mu
1. 2.

Phng php iu tra (2)


Chuyn to ra khi cht nn vi chi nylon bng cch chi chng vo nc ca dng c cha khong 3 pht cho n khi thy r l to c chuyn sang cha. 7. Ra cht nn, chi v nht to sang dng c cha vi 50-100ml. 8. Ra sch dng c cha v trt mu sang ti cha 9. Kim tra nhn 10.a mu vo thng lnh
6.

X l d liu

nh mu

S dng nh mu

Cng c thu thp mu

Hydrodictyon Chlorella Cosmarium

Knh hin vi

Microspora

4/9/2012

Thu thp s liu (1)


Loi cht nn ca to K thut thu mu
Cht nn cng di chuyn c
Chn chuyn cht nn i din ra khi nc, chi hoc co to ra khi gi th ri ra sch cho vo l cha.

Thu thp s liu (2)


Loi cht nn K thut thu mu
ng nha bng bn chi nh rng, bn chi mng tay hoc ci no. Chuyn to ra khi ng nha bng ng ht pipette. p a petri ln cht nn. a cht nn vo a bng cch lun li bay xung di a petri Tch cht nn ra khi sng, a vo dng c cha. To c tch ra bng tha, kp hay ng ht

Cht nn ln (khng di t ng nha c ai sao cho ng chm cht nn. Tch to a vo chuyn c)

Cht nn mm di chuyn t mt phn gi th mm (cy) vo dng c cha cng c

t nc. Lc mnh v c ra nh tch to ra khi gi th. Loi b gi th ra khi dng c cha to.

Cht bn lng Loose Sediments

Ti liu tham kho


1.) Periphyton as Biological Indicators http://www.epa.gov/bioindicators/html/periphyto n.html 2.)Rapid Bioassessment Protocols For Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macro-invertebrates, and Fish Second Edition http://www.epa.gov/owow/monitoring/rbp/

m to khng l bao vy Nam Cc


Vi chiu di ln ti 200km, mt m to dc theo b bin Nam Cc ln n ni v tinh nhn to c th pht hin n t trn v tr. Xem chi tit

4/9/2012

Loi to c mu c tn Lingulodinium polyedrum, gy cht cho c v ng vt c v v (nh: Kai Schumann)

Nc bin bng rc, sau chuyn sang xanh thm, ri en ngm nh nc cng. Cua, c cht la lit, san h cht bc trng; rong bin, c bin cng cht. Hu ht sinh vt bin b tiu dit sau mi hi thi bc ln l "thy triu bin Bnh Thun..

4/9/2012

The International Society for the Study of Harmful Algae (ISSHA) was founded in 1997
"Thy triu " hay s "n hoa" ca to lm nc bin mu , c khi mu xanh, mu xm hoc mu cm go... Hin tng "n hoa" thng ng hnh vi s gim thiu nhanh chng hm lng -xy trong nc, lm cht nhiu loi sinh vt. Xem chi tit Noctiluca bloom in Vietnam (photo:Nguyen Ngo)

K hoch ngn chn s m ln ton cu c th dn n tnh trng to c n hoa Trong hn 20 nm qua, cc nh khoa hc tranh lun rng liu vic b sung thm st vo bin c th gi cacbon ioxit hiu qu trong kh quyn bng cch dn n s tng trng nhanh chng ca thc vt ph du hay khng, mt loi thc vt i dng nh hp th kh nh knh t khng kh. Nghin cu gn y cho thy a nhiu st vo i dng cng c th gy ra mt s pht trin bng n ca to c.

Bi bin ni ting Qingdao, tnh Shandong TQ, b e da bi nn to xanh nhng c v nh khng ngn cn c khch du lch ti ngh y.

4/9/2012

7.400 dm vung b ph bi to

l loi to Enteromorpha prolifera. Theo bo China Daily khu vc nhim to c kch thc 70x100m

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4/9/2012

To lam e da h Xun Hng ( lt)

Xem chi tit

X l to v vi khun h Gm bng sng siu m?

To lam e da ao h nc Anh

Xem chi tit

Xem chi tit

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