S & Bookbooming

CHUtfNG 1: VAN TAITRONG NGOAITHUtfNG Caul: van tdi Id gi?tai sao ndi vdn taila nganh san xua't dac biit? +) Van tai la m6t ngiirih kinh t c< muc dfch cua con ngu&i nhlm dip ting nhu 5 ciu di chuyin trong khfing gian cua d 5i tuong vta chuyln < +) Van tai Id mdt nganh sin xud't vd't cha't die bifit: TM nha't: van tai Id m6t nganh san xut vat cha't vi: * MQt nganh sin xua't vat chdt cin 3 yfe'u 16: stic lao d6ng; cOng cu lao d6ng, d<5i tuqfog lao ddng. Ngdnh van tai c6 du 3 yu 16 ndy stfc lao ddng; cdng cu lao dijng, la phitong tifin chuyfin chd, tuyfe'n du&ng van tii ddi tuong chuyta trfr la hanh khdeh hang hoa * San xuat trong nganh van tii lam tiu hao lluong nguy6n nhifin vat lifeu 1 luong hao m5n mdy m6c nha't dinh * Ddi tuong chuySn char sau qud trinh san xud't c6 m6t su thay d6i gid tri vat chat nha't dinh Thtf hai: Van tai lk nganh san xua't vat chit dac bifit vi: Qua tiinh trong nganh khftng khfing nham muc dich lam thay d6i tinh cMt hoa ly kfch thudc trong luong cua dtfi tucmg chuySn chd. Nu c6 chi ia rid ro San phdm cua nganh van tii khOng c6 hlnh dang kfch thudc san phfoi cu th vi hai d|c tfnh cua san phm cung khdqdi: gid tri sir dung la cdng dung vdi ngudi sir dung iam thay d6i vi trf trong kh6ng gian gid tri ia luomg lao d6ng xa hQicdn thiS't k fe't tinh trong san ph&n bilu hifin bing tin cudc phi van tai * Trong nganh van tii qua tiinh sin xudt va tifiu thu khOng tdch rdi nhau Cdu2: Vai trd, tdc dung cua vdn tdi trong nin kinh te quoc ddn? +) Vai trb: - Nganh giao th6ng v|n tai la mdt trong nhiing nganh kinh t ky thuat quan trong cua nn kinh te' quO dan. M$t mat nganh van tai co nhifim vu phuc vu nhu cdu 'c chuyfin chcr clia toan bd nn kinh te' - xa hdi, tao ra mdt phdn dang k trong thu nh|p kinh t qudc dan. Mat khde nganh van tii ia mdt thi trudng tifiu thu la m6t thi trucmg tieu thu rift ldn san phlm cua nhung nganh kinh te' ky thuat kMc +) tdc dung: - He thdng giao thOng van tai duoc vi nhu he thdng tuSn hoan mdu trong ca th s6ng n6 dim bao cho qui trinh sin xua't va tdi sin xuSt cua xa hOi duoc lien tuc phdn b6 lai luc luong san xu^t cua n&i kinh t^ qutfc dan - Giao thOng van tai c6 tdc dung md rOng vd phdt tri^n giao lmi van hod trao d6i hang hod vdi nude ngoai - Van tii ddp ling nhu ciu di lai ngdy cang tang cua nhdn dan g6p phin nang cao doti song vat cha't tinh thdn cia moi tng 16p nhan dan - Van tii g6p phdn kh& phuc tinh trang phdt trien khflng d6ng d^u giSa thdnh c thi va nfing th6n, giua vung d6ng bang vd mi^n nui hai dio - VSn tii gop phdn tang cirfrng kha nang qutfc phbng giu gin an ninh xa hdi va bio ve da't nude

Dai hoc Ngoai thim ng

Bookbooming

t o m 0R v t e

t Ai

- V|n tai g6p phdn tang cudng khi ndng qutfc phbng gifi gin an ninh xa h<Ji vd

bao vft ddt nude

Cdu3: Khdi niSm vdn tdi qudc te? Tdc dung cua vdn tai qu6c t i trong budn bdn qu6c ti? +) Khdi niftm: VSn tii qudc tf lk qud trtnh chiiyftnchd hdng hod dugc tin hdnh trfin lanh th6 cua 2 nhi&i nude mi di&n ddu vd cudi cua qud trtnh van chuydn d6 nSm b 2 qudc gia kMc nhau +) tdc dung: - van tii qudc t gdp phdn thfic diy buOn bln qudc td-phdt tri&i. Khdi lugng budn bdn gitta 2 nude phu thuQc vdo nhiiu yftu 1 trong d6 c6 yu 1 van tii: " khdi 6 6 lugng hdng hod luu chuyin gitta 2 nude ty 1 thuan vdd ti&n nang kinh 16 cua hai nude ft vd ty lft nghich vdi khoing cdch chuyftn chd gitta hai nude d6 William " . .Vi chi pU van tii chiftm mOt gid tri khOng nhd trong gid hdng hod nftn van tii qudc t phdt trifo ldm chi phf van tai giim bdt thdng qua d 5 thtie dy thtfcmg mai'giQa hai nude <
- van tii qudc t phdt tri& gdp phdn 1dm thay-d<3i ca ctfU hdng hod Vkca. cdu thi trudng trong budn bdn qu6c t<L Trade day thucmg raaiqudc t chu yftu f i hdng S thdnh phlm c6 gid tri cao nay c6 c i hdn bit) fhdnb-ph&n,. nguyftfi liftu, hdng cd gid tri thdp . Vd trade day thi tradngchu#u Id pKflng nudeJdrig giSng thi hiftn nay van tii qudc 1 phdt trin ldm phant vi.J&EilRl^jgdugc md rtog, cir ly chuyftn chd hSng 6 hod trung binh trong van ti!ii d u & g S H B ^ sM ting-tii 3.967 hii W ndm 1985 lftn 4.230 hii If

- vdn tii qudc t cd tdc dung bio vft rich cue ho|c ldm xdu di edn can mdu djch vd edn edn thanh todn. Vdn tii cd hai chtic nSng: ehtfc ndng phue vu dim bio nhu chuyftn chd hang hod xudt nfidp khdu cia m6i nude; chiic nang kinh doanh xudt khdu sin phdm van tii nhdt Id vdn tii dirdng biin .Thu chi ngoai tft trong IMi'vue xudt nhdp khdu sin phdm van tii Id mOt bd phdn quan trpng cua edn edn thanh todn qudc t. Xudt siftu se gdp phdn cii thiftn edn edn thanh todn qudc t& Xudt siftu se gdp phdn cai thiftn edn can thanh todn. Nhap siftu se 1dmtham hut edn edn thanh todn Cdu4: Ca s i d i phdn chia trdch nhiim v i vdn tdi trong ngoai thucmg. Tdc dung cua viicgianh duffc quyin vdn tdi? +) Co sd d6 phan chia trdch nhiftm v6 van tii trong ngoai thuong Id 13 diu kiftn ca sd giao hdng trong n5m 2000 +) tdc dung: - bftn gidnh du^e quy^n vdn tii cd diu kiftn chu ddng trong ehuyftn chd ddm phdn vd kf kftit hop ddng thuft vdn tai - nftu hop ddng ngoai thucmg khdng quy dinh 1 thdi han giao hdng cu thi chfnh xdc thi bftn gidnh dugc quydn vdn tii se chu d^ng vd giao nhdn hdng hod - khi hdng hod duoc quyin chd bdng dudng biin thi vifte gidnh dugc quyftn cho phftp su dung tdt luc lugng tdu bufln trong nude vd nd cung thiic dly cde nghiftp vu khde cua ngoai thuong phdt trin. Didu ndy cd nghla Id cho phftp cii thiftn edn edn thanh todn cua qudc gia. - Gidnh dugc quyin van tii gdp phdn ndng cao uy tin cua 1 qudc gia trftn th gidi Chu Cd mdt sd trudng hgp khdng nftn gidnh quyin vdn tii:
2

Dai hoc Ngoai thuO ng

Bookbooming

1. Du dodn gid cudc thufi tau tang manh sau khi kf kt hop d6ng Du dodn thafy khd trong vide thufe tau dl thuc hifin h<?p dg nhu chuySn chd sdc v' s6ng, hang dOng lanh 3. tinh todn c6 su chfenh lech giQ gid xua't khlu OF so vdi gid xuSt fchlu F< : a duoc d nghi khdng ldn tuong tu vdi trudng h fpnhftpk < u q h5 4. khi ta qi

cdn bin hode mua 1mat hang mi dd'i phuong lai mudn gidnh quy&i vdn tdi 5. khi tSpquin luflt le qud'c t quy djnh
Chuong 2: chuyfin chd hang hod xua't nhdp khlu bang dudng bidn Cdu 5: Midi niim thu budn? cdc dac tntng cua tdu budn? +) T& budn lk nhGngtdu chd hang va chd khSch vi muc dich thuong mai u +) nhOng dac trung kinh te' cua tau bu6n: 1. tfin tku day Id mdt dac trung cSn chd ^ ten tau se duoc cho vko h6 so luu W qua d6 ngudi ta cd thi theo doi chat che qua trinh hoat ddng cua con tku 2. Cdng dang kjr cdng cua nude sdhffu con tau 3. Cd tku: ed qudc tich cua tau tku se trd thanh mdt phdn lanh th6 n6i trfin bift cua qudc gia dd C6 2 edch elm tau: - Cam ed thudng cam cd cua nude ma no mang qudc tich - cam cd phuong tifin cim cd cua nude ma nd dang ky elm cd phuong tiSn

4. kfch thudc cua tku

- Chi&i dii cua tku: gdm chiSu dai tokn bd ia chilu dai tfit mui tku din dudi i.va chilu dai cua dudng tiSp gidp giCa than tku vdi mat nude khi tku chd ddu hdng ; moi nude tdi da vk> mha hi chilu dai cua tku cho bit cang dii bao nhifeu di? neo dS.u vk xfe'pdd hang hda duoc an toan

- Chilu rdng cua tku ia chd rdng nhSt cua than tku duoc do tir ben ndy sang bftn kia cua thanh tku va duoc tinh bing m6t. Chilu rdng cua tku cho bit kha nang tau ce thi qua duoc kfinh dao ludng lach cd chilu rdng bao nhifiu
5. M6n nude ia chilu cao thing g<5c tut dSy tau 16n mat nude cd 2 loai mdr nude: - mdn nude ca'u tao ia chilu cao tha'p nha't tO ddy tau lfin. mat nude khi tku r khdng chd hang - mdn nude tdi da ia chilu cao thing gdc tC ddy tau len mat nude klii tku cho r ddy hkng vdo miia he Mdn nude con thay doi theo mua va vung biln ma tau di qua: ve mua hfe vil vilng nude ngot thi mon nude cua tau ldn hon 6. Trong luong hay con goi la luong gian nude cua tau la trong luong cua khC 'i nude ma tdu chie'm chd tfnh bang td'n dai. Trong luong cua tau duoc tinh bang each Id'y M thi tich cua khd'i md tau chiem chd chia cho 35 Trong luong cua tdu cd 2 loai: - Trong luong tdu khdng chd hdng la bang trong lucrng cua vo tau mdy rndc trang thie't bi tr6n tail, ndi hoi nude trong n6i hoi phu tung thuyen bd va hanh ly cua ho - Trong luong tau khi chd hdng Id bang trong luong tdu khdng chd hdng cdng vdi trong luong cua dau ma nude ngot luong thuc thuc phm d6 du tru khde vat lieu chen 16t vd trong lirong cua hang hoa thuong mai m tau chd duoc &

Dai hoc Ngoai thuong

Bookbooming

Bfrp fin m 0R v $ h Y fa 7. Trong tii li siic chd cua tiu dugc tnh bing tdn dii 6 mdn nude tdi da vi miia ddng mila hi ho|c 6 viing biin cd lien quan tiiy tiStng tnrfmg hgp. Cd 2 loai trong tii cua tiu: - Trong tii toin phdn c&a tiu li bing tdng trong lugng hing hoi thucmg mai, trgng lugng nhiin liiu, nude nggt, luong thuc thuc phlm, vat lifiu chin Idt dd du trfl khde vi phu titng tfnh blng DW= HD- LD - Trong tii tinh cua tiu li trgng lugng hing hda thucmg mai mi tiu cd thi chd dugc. Trpng tii tinh cua tiu chlnh bing trpng tii toin phdn cua tiu trC di trgng lugng t cua nhien lieu nude ngot lucmg thuc thuc phlm dd du trtt khde vi phu timg. Tr<?ng tii tinh cua tiu li mdt dai lugng thay ddi vl nd phu thudc vio khdi lugng nhien lieu, nude nggt lucmg thuc, thuc phlm cd tren tiu 8. Dung tfch dang k cua tiu li thi tfch cdc khoing trong khip kfn tr6n tiu dugc tinh bang mit khdi hoac bing tdn dang k^ bing 100 hay bing 2,83 mit khdi Cd 2 loai dung tfch dang kf: - Dung tfch dang k^ toin phdn: li dung tfch cua cdc khoing trdng khip kfn trfin tiu tfnh tit ben tren eung trcf xudng trfit cdc khoing trdng sau: khoing trdng di chira nude din tiu, ldi di trong hdm tiu budng ve sinh phdng svra chfia khdi dung tfch dang kp toin phdn dC di thdng ke tiu bi6n chi si quan thuy thu luc dilng di tfnh cdc loai ing phf nhu phf dang k^ - Dung tfch dang k^ tjnh 1 dung tfch cua cdc khoing trdng khip kfn di chtia & hing tr6n tiu. Dung tfch dang k^ tfnh bing dung tfch dang k$ toin phdn trr di dung tfch cdc phdng an & giii tri ciia thuyin truimg vi thuyin viin dung tfch budng mdy , vi budng hoa tieu. Dung tfch dang k$ tinh cua tiu thudng dimg di tfnh phf qua kfinh dio phf cing phf hoa tieu 9. Dung tfch chtfa hing li khi n3ng xip cdc loai hing hod khde nhau trong hdm tiu cua con tiu. Cd hai loai dung tfch chiia hing cua tiu - Dung tfch ehtia hing cd ban kiin li khi n3ng xip hing cd bao gdi trong hdm tiu tfnh bing don vi. Dung tfch niy dugc tfnh blng cdch lSy chiiu dii nhdn vdi chiiu rdng vi chiiu cao cua hdm tiu - Dung tfch chiia hing rdi l i khi nang xip cdc hing rdi trong hdm tiu tfnh blng don vi. Dung tfch chtfa hing rdi cua m con tiu bao gift eung ldn hem dung tfch <Jt chtia hing bao kjen cua nd tit 5-10 % vl hing rdi cho phip tin dung hit thi tfch cua cdc hdm tiu 10. He sd xip hing cua tiu li ty If giOa dung tfch chtfa hing cua tiu vi trong tii tinh cua tiu. Cdng thtfc tfnh: g , CS(m'!C.fi) D\WCC CL cho biit mdt tdn trong tii tinh tucmg ducmg vdi bao nhieu dcm vi dung tfch chiia hing cua con tiu dd 11. He sd xip hing cua hing hod li ty 16 gitta thi tfch vi trgng lugng cua mit hing dd khi hing dd dugc xp trong hdm tiu. He sd xip hing cua hing hod ndi ro mdt tdn dii cua hing hod chiim bao nhieu dcm vi thi tfch trong hdm tiu ki c i dung sai cho phip khi xip. Hing dugc coi li hing nang niu cd SF>40 C.ft/tdh. Khi xip 4

Dai hoc Ngoai thipong

Bookbooming

s rtp t e

z n vnn t i te

tidng xud'ng tdu m 'n dung hit trong tdi vd dung tich cua tdu thi phdi chpn m6t hoac uO nhilu mat hdng c6 he s6 xlp hdng bdng he s6 xfip hdng cia tdu. N cdch khdc phai <5i x6'p cdc mat hdng khdc nhau thoa man he phuong tiinh: X+Y Trong d6: X,Y: Id trong luong cua titng mat hdng tuong ting Sfx: he s6' xe'p hdng cua mdt hdng X Sfy: hi s6 xp hdng cua mat hdng Y DWCC: trong tai tjnh cua tdu CS: dung tfch chtia hdng cua tdu Cdu 6: Cdc loai tdu budn chd hdng? * Phdn loai theo cOng dung: - Tdu chd hdng kh<5: chd nhflng mat hdng d thi ran c6 hay khdng c6 bao bl. G6m nhflng dang sau: 1. Tdu chd hdng Mch hod: chd nhflng mat hdng do ngdnh cdng nghiep sdn xutft thudng duoc ddng bao cd gid tri tucrng dtfi cao 2. Tdu container: Id tdu chd hdng bdch hod hien dai c6 nhflng phuong tien trang thie't bi hien dai c6 trong tai ldn tdc dd ldn hon tdu chd hdng bdch hod thdng thudng rdt nhieu 3. Tdu chd xd - lan: trn xd lan cd container, tdu sit dung he thdng xlp dd chlm n6i bdng nude 4. Tdu chd hdng khd cd khdl lucmg ldn: chd nhflng mat hdng d thi rdn khdng cd bao bi vd cd khdi luong ldn nhu than quang phdi phdt cdu tao cd thie't bi Me hfit hdng

ddi
5. Tdu chd hdng kit hop: tdu chd hai hay nhilu mdt hdng khde nhau - Tdu chd hdng ldng: chuyen chd hdng d thi Idng khdng cd bao bl nhu ddu mo ga hda chdt tdu cd trang thie't bi he't stic hien dai. Gdm cdc loai nhu: tdu chd ddu cd 4 boong trong tai, tdu chd khf ddt thien nhien hod ldng tdu chd khf ddu hod ldng * Phan loai theo cd tdu: - Tdu cuc ldn tdu chd ddu thd cd trong tai tir 350.000 tdn trd I6n - Tdu rd't ldn Id nhflng tdu cd trong tdi tir200.000 tdn din 350.000 tdn - Tdu loai trung blnh: Id nhflng tdu chd hdng rdi vd hdng bdch hod cd trong tai dudi 200.000 tdn - Tdu loai nho: Id nhflng tdu cd trong tai vd dung tfch dang kj> nhd. Tuy nhien chi nhflng tdu cd dung tfch tit 300 tdn trd len mdi duoc xlp vdo danh sdeh ddi tdu biiOn cua thi gidi. Ngodi ra cdn tdu cd Panamax la nhflng tdu cd chilu ngang ldn nhd't cd thi qua duoc kenh ddo Panama * Phan loai theo cd tdu: - Tdu sir dung cd thudng - Tdu sit dung cd phuong tien

* Phan loai theo phamvi kinh doanli

Dai hoc Ngoai thim ng

Bookbooming

sto to

htO r

v to

t &i

- Tiu chay bi&i gin li nhttng tiu cd trgng tii khdng nhttng cing cdch nhau khdng xa, nhdm tap trung ngu6n hing cho c&c cau chay vbngbiin xa chuyftn chd c\ - Tiu chay biin xa: li nhttng tiu cd trgng tii ldn thudng kinh do***1 vdi khoing eich trftn 4000 km * Phan loai theo tudi tiu: - tiu trfc c6 tudi nhd hon 15 - tiu trung binh: tit 15- 25 tu<5i - tiu gii c6 trftn 25 - tiu rift gii cd tudi trftn45 yW Cdu 7: Khdi ni$m cdng biin? CMc ndng ctia cdng biin? N h i 4 in biin vi$t nam? *u +) Cing biin li noi ra vio neo ddu cia tiu biin li noi ph yc v u hod li diu mdi giao thdng quan trgng cia 1 nude +) chtfc n3ng: Cing biin cd hai chttc nang: - phuc v\i tiu biin cing li noi ra vio neo d& cua tiu li ncri u ^ vu dua d6n tiu ra vio lai dit eung ting diu md nude nggt vft sinh sfina c yt - Phuc vu hing hoi: cing phii lim nhiftm vy xftp dd giao n i l# 1* quin luu kho tii chft ddng g< phin ph<fi hing hod XNK . Cing e d n 15i cdc thi tuc XNK li noi bit diu tiftjptuc hay kftt thtic qud trtnh vdn t&i +) Nhiftmvu vi quyin han cua cing biin vift nam: -titiO*1 - Xdy dung quy hoach k&hoach phdt triin cia cing biin t r o n g * nhiftm qu - Phdi hgp hoat dQng cia cdc td chtfc ca quan thuc hiftn chde nude tai cing biin ^ - kiim tra gidm sit vife thgc hien cic quy djnh ciia phip luA* ~ sr ninh toin cing vi ludng ra vio cing *-oc - Phdi hgp vdi cdc ca quan thtfe hiftn hoat dQng flm kiftin cdu cd6 nhimm6itrudng *; - Ctfp gidy ph6p cho tiu ra vio cing vi thuc hiftn yftu cdu v hing hii - jj.6' - Yftu ciu cic ci nhin ca quan httu quan eung d p cic thdng tin hiftn chdc nang quin ty nhi nude cua cing Cdu 8: Trang thiit bi vd cdc chi tiiu hoat d$ng cdng biin? +) Thiftt bi cia cing bao gdm: . - Tirang thiftt bi phuc vy tiu ra vio neo diu gdm: ciu tiu ludn la c x t* s6ng phao tramhoa tiftu _ ^ - Trang thifit bi phuc vu van chuyin xftp dd hing hoi gdm: cin c-= ndng hing miy bom htit hing red bing chuyen - Co sd vit chit kp thudt phuc vy bio quin luu kho hing hoi kho hing hoi kho ngoai quan bi chtfa diu - Hft thdng dudng giao thdng vta tii trong pham vi cing vi cic ctf* cua cing nhu dudng b6 dudng sit - Hft thdng trang thiftt bi ndi cua cing: cin ciu ndi phao n<5i tiu hoa

Dai hoc Ngoai thuang

Bookbooming

B rtP rtR ffi0R V $R T fa - nhdm trang thie't bi khdc dte chie'u sdng thOng tin lien lac mdy tnh +) chi tifiu hoat ddng: - S6 luong tku hoac tong dung tfch dang ky trong tSi todn phdn ra vdo cang trong 1 n3m chi ti6u ndy phan inh mire dd nhdn nhip cua cing - Stf tdu bin c6 thi xSp d5 hdng ciing 1 luc - khdi luong hdng hod xep dd trong 1 n3m - M rc xp dd cua cdng chi tieu ndy ndi 16n mile dd co gidri hod nang xud't xp C dd cua mdt cang - Khi ning chtfa hang hoi d kho b31 phdn ting mtic dd quy md cua ding - Chi phi xp dd hdng hod cdng phi phf lai dat hoa tifiu phan dnh nang suSt trir.l dd quin Ijf cua cang Cdu 9: Khdi niim tdu cho? Phuong thi'cc thui tdu char dac diim vd trvzbn, hop dp dung? +) Khdi niem: tiu cho Id tau chay thudng xuyfin trfin 1 tuygh dudng nht dir,'. gh6 qua nhGng cdng rMt dinh vd theo mdt lich. trinh dinh. trade Phuong thtic thue tau cho Id viec chu hdng lien he vdi chi tdu hay dai ty cut chu tau yfiu cdu danh 1 chd tren tdu d chuyfin cho hdng hod tflr 1 cang ndy dn dra?khdc +) Dac diem cua phuong thtfc thue tdu cho: - tdu chay gifla cdc cang theo 1 lich trinh cdng bd trade - chving tir dilu chinh cdc mdi quan he trong tliue tdu cho Id vdn don & n< aO -. bin - B/L - khi thue tdu cho chit hdng phdi mac nhien thira nhdn nhffng di&J kien do clu': tau quyfi't djnh vd duoc in sdn vdo mat sau B/L - Gid cudc tdu chqr g6m ca chi phf xp dd do cdc hang tdu quy djnh vd duoc irsSn 6 bang cudc. Uu di^m cua viec ndy Id de ddng don gian cho nhung chit hdng khdng thdng thao. Nhuoc di&n cua nd la cudc thudng cao vd khdng mdc cd d giair; gid cudc vi tdu cho la tdu nho theo 1 lich trinh djnh trade vd khdng phai luc ndo cun? ddy hdng - Cdc chu tau thudng thanh lap cdc cdng hdi tdu cho hoac cdng hdi cudc phf fr! khdng ch thi trudng vd ning cao kha nang canh tranh +) Trudng hop dp dung: - chu hdng cd khdi luong hdng hoa khdng ldn khdng xep dQ mdt con tau - Khi lich trinh cua tdu phu hop vdi cang bde va cang bde dd hdng cua chilng U Cdu 10: Tdu chuyen? Phuong thvee thui tdu chuyen cdc hinh thi'cc thui tern chuyi'n? +) Khdi niem: - Tdu chuye'n la tdu chuyen chd hdng hod gitta hai hay nhiu cang theo y6u cdu cua chu hdng trfen co sd mdt hop ddng thue tdu - thue tau chuyen Id viec chu hdng lien he vdi chu tdu hoac dai dien cua chu tdu yeu cdu thue todn bd con tdu de chuyen chd hdng hod tir 1 cang hoac nhi6u cdng xSp dSn 1 hay nhifiu cang dd +) DSc diem:

Dai hoc Ngoai thim ng

Bookbooming

sftp Ar ni&n vte t Aj

- tdu khdng chay theo 1 lich trtnh c6 dinh nhu tku chor mi theo yfiu c3il cua chu hdng - tku chuyfin chd thudng c6 1 boong mieng him r$ng d&de ddng van chuyln hkng hod len xudng - tdc d >cua tku chuyen tuong ddi chflm hon tku ch jr: tir 14-16 hdi 1$ / gid so vdi < < 18-20 hdi If / tr6n gid cua tku chgr - di&i chinh mdi quan he gifia cdc ben trong thue tku chuygn lk hqrp ddng thue tiu chuyen v i B/L. Trong d6 C7P diu chinh mdi quan he gitta ngudi thue tku vk ngudi chuyen chd nhdn hkng di xp len tku n6 se diSu chinh mdi quan he gifia ngudi thue tku vk ngudi chuyen chd vdi ngudi gun hkng vdi ngudi nhdn hkng. - ngudi thue t& tu do thod thudn v cdc diiu kidn chuyen chd vk gid cudc trong u hop d6ng thu tku - gid cudc trong hop d6ng thue tku c6 th bao gdm ca chi phf xep dd hoac khdng lk do thod thudn cua cdc ben - tku chuyfin thudng duoc ddng khi chuyen chd hkng cd khdi luong ldn nhu than dd ngu cdc bd xft va ngudi thue tku phdi cd 1 khdi lUqmg hkng hod du ldn d'xfp du mQt con tku +) Cdc hlnh thtic thue tku chuyfin - thue tku chuyen mdt: ttic thue tku d6 chd hkng tit mQt cdng nky d6n m$t cdng khdc - thue chuyn khti hdi: tdc thud tku chd hkng tit 1 cdng nky deh mQt cdng khdc rdi lai chd hkng tir cdng dd v cdng khdi hkng - thue tail chuyeh lien tuc: ttic lk thue tku chd hkng tir 1 cdng nky dn 1 cang khdc nhilu chuydn lien tiSp nhau - thue khodn chu hkng se can cti vko nhu cdu hkng hod cua mlnh d khodn cho chu tku chuyen chd trong 1 thdi gian nhdt djnh - thue bao: chu hkng se thue tokn bd phuong tien chuyen chd d6 van chuyen hkng hod - thue tku dinh han: chu hkng se thue tku trong 1 khodng thdi gian d i chuyen chd hkng hod. C6 2 hlnh thtic lk thue tdu dinh han.tron cdnghla lk chi thue tku mk khdng thue si quan thuy thu trtn tku. Thue tku dinh han khdng trctn cd nghia lk thud tku ciuig vdi cd sf quan thuy thu trfin tku Cdu 11: khdi niim vd chitc n&ng cua B/L? +) khdi niem: van don dudng biin lk chting tir chuyen chd hkng hod do ngudi chuyen chd hoac dai di$n cua ngudi chuyen chd cdp cho chi hkng sau khi hkng da duoc xgp len tdu hay du<?c nhkn di xp len tdu - Ngudi cdp B/L: ngudi chuyen chd thuy6n trudng dai If cua ngudi chuyen chd. ten ghi r6 ho ten h9 tu cdch phdp If trtn B/L - Ihdi diem cap B/L: sau khi hkng hod du<?c xep len tku hoac sau khi hdng hoa dugc nhdn d i xp - Ngudi dU ic cdp B/L: lk chu hkng hay ngudi giao nhdn thay mat chi hdng Q +) Chile nang: - Van don dudng bi&i lk chting nhSn lhqrp ddng chuyen chd hkng hod bdng dudng bi&i da dir<?c k$ kdt
8

Dai hoc Ngoai thirong

Bookbooming

Bftp t o m to v t o t

&3

- van don dudng biin li bifen lai nhto hing do ngudi chuyftn chd phdt hinh cho ngudi gud hing - Van don dudng biin la chtfng tit xdc nhto quyin sd huu hing hod ghi trftn vto dan. Ai c6 vto don trftn tay ngudi c6 quyin ddi sd huu hing hoa ghi trftn do. Do tfnh chft sd hfiu nftn vto don li mdt chutig tit lira th6ng dugc, ngudi ta c6 thi mua bdn chuyin nhuong van don Cdu 12: The ndo la vdn darn dich danh vdn dm vd danh vd vdn dan theo link? +) Van don dfch danh: ghi ro tftn vi dia chi nMn hing chi c6 ngudi tftn, dia chi ghi trftn van don mdi dugc nhto hang. Vto don khdng thi chuyin nhugng bang cdch ky hau Vto don dich danh phdt hinh khi: - Gift hing til cd nhto - G ii hing qui bid'u -Girt hing triin lam - Givr hing tit cdng ty me dft'n cdng ty con +) Vto don theo lftnh li vto don trftn dd khdng ghi r5 tftn vi dia chi ngudi nhto hing mi chi ghi chit hay cd ghi tftn vi dia chi ngudi nhto hing - Cac cdch ty hau di chuyftn nhuong vto don: ty hau dfch danh: mat sau ciia vto dctn goc ngudi ky Mu se ghi ro ho tftn ngudi hudng lei vto don vi ghi ro tftn mlnh kf ddng dto xac nhto Mu theo lftnh: mat sau vto don thay vl viftc ghi dfch danh tftn ngudi hudng loi ngudi kf hto ghi theo lftnh cua mdt ngudi hudng led nio dd hto vd danh: ngudi ky hto chi di tftn mlnh kf ddng dto nhung khdng ghi chuyin nhugng quyin sd huu cho ai hoic ghi kf hto bd trdng +) Vto don vd danh: khdng ghi tftn ngudi nhto hing hoSc ghi r5 l i vd danh hoic li vto don phdt hinh theo lftnh nhung khdng ghi ro ho tftn ngudi hudng loi ho|c ngudi hudng lgi trade da kf hto vd danh Vto don vd danh cd kha nang luu thdng ldn nhung nhugc diim li khong an toin cho hang hod vl ai cdm td vto don eung diu li chu sd huu hing hod
Cdul3: The ndo Id vdn dcm da xi'p hdng, van don nhdn hdng dixep? +) Vto don da xft'p hing phat hinh sau khi hing hod dugc xft'p Iftn tiu day li bang chimg cua viec da hoin thinh viftc giao hing nhu da cam kft't vdi ngudi mua +) Vto don nhto hing di xip: dugc phdt hinh sau khi ngudi chuyftn chd da nhan hang vi cam kit se xip hang lftn tiu vi ngudi giao hing chua hit trdch nhiftm vdi hing hod Van dcm nhto hing di xep phdt hinh sau khi: hing hoa dugc giao cho ngudi chuyftn chd nhung tiu chua den cang ho3c din cang nhung chua du diiu kiftn xip hing Bdn hing thdng qua nhiiu ngudi trung gian nhu ngudi giao nhto hang hay ngudi gom hing Trong viftc giao nhto hang hoa tir kho cua ngudi ban deh kho cua ngudi mua
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rtPARHT0RV$RTfcr Trfin thuc t ngudi mua chi chap nhdn van don da xp hkng nfin cd 2 cdch giai quygt - Chd cho hdng hod duoc xp 16n tku dl dem vdn don ra ddi hodc ngudi giir hkng yfiu cdu ngudi cSip van don ghi ro gid /ngky /thdng/ ndm hkng hod dugc xp lfin tku vko vdn don nhan hkng dl xfip Thay ddi cdc dilu kiSn co sd giao hkng: FOB thknh FCA, CIF thknh CPT hay OP Cdul4: Thindo Id vdn dan hodn hdo? vdn dan khdng hodn hdo? +) Van don hokn Mo: khdng ghi chd xdu hay ghi chd bao luu cua thuyln trudng v6 hkng h6a vk tinh trang ben ngoki cua hkng h6a Trdn van don ghi: Clean B/L Khdng ghi cua thuy^n trudng nhung khdng 1km inh hudng dSn tinh thdn hokn hdo cua van don Vi6c c^p van don hokn hdo chung t&ngudi bdn da giao hkng cho ngudi chuyen chd vdi tinh trang ddng nhu yfiu cdu cua h^p d6ng, vk nhflng hdng h6c sau nky do ngudi chuyen chd phdi chiu trdch nhiem +) Vdn don khdng hokn hdo: lk van don c6 ghi chu xdu phe chu bao luu hodc ghi chti phan ddi cua thuy^n trudng v i hkng h6a vk tinh trang bfin ngoki cua hkng hda. Cd cdch khic phuc sau: - Thay th hay b 5 xung hkng hda trong trudng hop hkng hda bi hu hdng hay bi < thilu - Sura chfla hkng hda nSu hkng hda cd thi sura chfla duoc vk nu nhu khdng cd hkng hda mdi d6 thay th# - Lap thu dam bdo cho phdn hkng hda bi tdn thdt di cd thi thanh todn cho phdn hkng hokn hdo. Luu $ lk ludt phdp cdc nude dlu chua thfla nhdn tfiah phdp If cua thu dam bdo vi cd thi ngudi bdn vk ngudi chuyfin chd thdng ddng nhau d l lfira ddi ngudi mua, ngdn hkng Cdu 15: Cdc trdch nhiim cua ngudi chuyinchd dudng bi/nvd hdng hda ? Trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd vdi hkng hda gdm cd 3 mat sau: - Trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd v i mdt mdt hu hdng cua hkng hda goi lk co sd trdch nhiem - Trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd vdi hkng hda v i mdt khdng gian vk thdi gian, goi lk thdi han trdch nhiem - Sd tiln tdi da vk ngudi chuyen chd phdi bdi thudng cho mdt dcta vi hkng hda bi tdn thdt trong trudng hop gid tri hkng hda khdng du<?e ke khai nfin vdn don g<?i lk gidi han trdch nhiem Trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd dudng bifo vdi hkng hda theo van don duoc quy djnh 3 quy tic trong dd trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd lk khdc nhau Cdul6: Ca sd trdch nhiim cua ngudi chuyin chd trong 3 quy tdc? Co sd trdch nhiem lk trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd vdi nhflng mdt mdt vk hu hdng cua hkng hda
10

Dai hoc Ngoai thirong

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Bftp All ST0R VHR T&3 +) Theo quy tic Brussels va Visby: ngudi chuyftn chd chiu trdch nhiftm vdi nhung thiftt hai do mat mdt hu hong hing h6a khi hang hda edn thudc trdch nhiftm cua ngudi chuyftn chd +) Theo quy tac Hamburg: ngudi chuyftn chd chiu trdch nhiftm vl thiftt hai do ma't mat hu h6ng vdi hang hda vi cham giao hang gay ra khi hing hda edn thudc trdch nhiftm cua ngudi chuyftn chd - Hing dugc coi II cham giao nft'u nhu khdng dugc giao d cing dd hing trong thcri han quy dinh trong hop ddng chuyftn chd hing hda con nftu khdng dugc quy djnh cu thi thi la mot khoang thdi gian hgp ty doi hoi 1 ngudi chuyftn chd cin mSn phai giao cd tinh dft'nholn canh su viftc - Hing h6a se dugc coi II mit mdt trong trudng hop khdng dugc giao nhu trong thdi gian 60 ngly liftn tuc kl tfirngly hft't thdi han giao hang Trdch nhiftm cu t h i: +) Theo Brussels ngudi chuyftn chd c6 cac trdch nhiftm: Trudc liic bit ddu hinh thlnh ngudi chuyftn chd phai c6 dugc mdt su edn man hgp ly dl eung cdp con tau cd du dilu kiftn di biln ttic II: Thii nhd't tau phdi bdn chic kui nude chiu dugc gid trong dilu kiftn blnh thudng. TM hai tiu phai thfch hgp cho viftc chuyftn chd hing hda cdc bd phan ding de chuyftn chd hing hda phai thfch hgp cho viftc chuyftn chd. TM ba tiu dugc eung ting ddy du nhiftn liftu v l biftn chft' du thuy thu. Ngudi chuyftn chd khdng phdi chiu trdch nhiftm nft'u anh ta chung minh dugc ring anh ta da cin mn hop ty de eung cip tau cd du kha nSng de di biln va anh ta chju trdch nhiftm chi khi ngudi gid hing chung minh dugc dilu ngugc lai. Trdch nhiftm thuong mai cua ngudi chuyftn chd: ngudi chuyftn cd se phai tiftn hinh 1 cdch thfch hgp v l edn mSn viftc xftp dich chuyin, xip xftp, chuyftn chd, coi gitt, cham sdc, va gifl nhung hang hda dugc chuyftn chd. Trong dd thfch hop nghla II hing hda phai sir dung dung cu dy dl xftp dd vl bao quan. Cin than ngudi chuyftn chd khdng pham phai so sua't phai xftp hing theo dung so dd xftjp hing, dd hing theo diing quy trinh ky thuit. Cung cap vln don +) Theo Hamburg: Khdng quy dinh ro nhung trdch nhiftm cua ngudi chuyftn chd ml trach nhiftm ciia ngudi chuyftn chd dugc dua trftn nguyftn tic suy ddan I6i: Khi cd rui ro trdch nhiftm cua ngudi chuyftn chd dugc dua trftn nguyftn tic suy doan ldi: khi cd r6i ro tdn th vdi hing hda thi ngudi cuyftn chd dugc coi II cd ngudi cd I6i; a't ngudi chuyftn chd nft'u mud'n thodt trach nhiftm anh ta phai chung minh rang ban than minh khdng co ldi hoac anh ta da dp dung moi biftn pap edn thiet thop ly de ngan ng&a moi tdn tha't say ra. Cac trudng hgp miftn trach + Theo Brusels cd 17 miftn trdch cho ngudi chuyftn chd: - Hinh vi so xua't hay khuyftt diem cua thuyin trudng, thuy thuy, hoa tiftu hay ngudi giiip viftc cho ngudi chuyftn trd trontg thudt di biln va quin tri tiu. - Chay trir khi do ldi ldm thuc su hay cd f cua ngudi chuyftn chd. - Tai hoa di biln, la nhfmg trudng hop bat kha khdng trftn biln cua ngudi chuyftn trd hay dai ty cua ngudi chuyftn chd da tim moi cdch de khic phuc nhung khdng duoc.
11

Dai hoc Ngoai thuang

Bookbooming

s r t p i t a z n fvi n r t & j 8

- Thifin tai: DQng d&t, nui lira, sit dinh. - Hknh ddng do chiS'n tranh, h& qui cua chiln tranh. u -Hknh ddng thil dich cua dan chung. - Tky vk hkng h6a bi c5m gitt, bi cflu thtic do ldnh cua vua chua, ldnh cua chinh quyln, ldnh cua tda in. - Han chi vl thi tuc kilm dich. - Dinh cOng, cUrn xudng hay lao d<tag bi ngung trd vl baft cil nguydnn hta nko, siy ra tdan bd hay cuc bd. - Hknh vi hay thilu s6t cua chi hkng, dai ty hay dai didn cia chi hkng. - Do ctfu hay c6 f cuu sinh mang hofc tki sin trdn biln. - Hao hut vl trpng luong; s6 luring hao hut do nQi ngoai $ hokc bin chit cia hkng hio (riO ty, ngoai lk nhflng khilm khuylt cia hkng hda c6 thi do cdng i nghd chd' biln sin xut, cung (bag nguydn vkt lidu dl sin xu&). - Bao bl khdng diy di (lk do bl xtfu khdng phi hgp vdi hkng hda vk vto chuyln hkng hda). mahidu khdng diy di hoac lk sai. - Do in tl cia tiu vdi nhflng su cin min hgp If mk vin khdng phit hifin ra duoc (in $ cia tku lk nhdng khilm khuylt cia tku mk khdng dm thy, khdng phit hita du<?e b& khi nkng thdng thudng cia con ngudi; nQi cua tku lk nhflng hu hai mang ng tinh bin chit cia tku). - Mgi nguydn nhin khic khdng phii do I5i thuc su hay cd f cia ngudi chuydn chd, cia dai \< ngudi chuydn chd. Nhung trich nhiem chung minhlSi thuQc vl ngudi f chi hkng. + Theo I Lamburg: Xda bo hiu hit cic miln trdch, chi giOlai 1 trudng h^p duy nhit lk chiy. Vk trich nhiem chiing minb I6i thudc vl ngudi chuydn chd, nhu vky lk hop 1 vl anh ta lk ngudi di theo hkng hda, chtfag kiln true tilp mpi chuydn. 1 Cdu 17: Thdi han trdch nhiim cua ngudi chuyin chd theo 3 quy tdc? Thdi han trich nhidm lk thdi gian vk khdng gian mk ngudi chuydn chd phii chiu trach snhidm vl hu hdng cua hkng.h6a. + Theo Brascls: Ngudi chuydn chd chiu trich nhidm vl hkng h6a kI tit khi hkng hda du$c xlp ldn tku d cing di cho din khi hkng h6a du$c d9 xudng tku tai cing din (tackle to tackle - mdc ciu cua tku khi mdc vko kidn hkng d cing di cho din khi m6c ciu cia tku rdi khdi kidn hkng d cing din) trong dilu kidn hkng h6a du$c dflt xudng m^t cich an tokn. + Theo Hamburg: Ngudi chuydn chd chiu trich nhidm vi hkng hda tfirkhi nhan hkng b cing xlp cho din khi giao song hkng hda b cing dd hkng quy djnh. Cu thi da nhin hkng khi anh tra nhan hkng til mdt trong nhflng ngudi gii hkng, ngudi thtfy mat ngudi guri hkng hokc co quan cd thin quyln hoic ngudi thtf 3 mk theo lukt Id cia cing dd hkng phii nhan til tay ngudi dd; da giao hkng khi giao hkng cho m$t trong nhflng ngudi sau day: Ngudi nhan hkng haoc khi ngudi chuyinhkng dS. dflt hkng hda dudi su dinh doat cia ngudi nhan hkng phi hop vdi h^p ddng, luat Id, tip quin cing hokc khi ngudi chuydn chd giao cho co quan cd thim quyln, ngudi thtf ba mk theo

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u n p t o m e n v a n n fa

luat 16, qui dinh tai cang d6 thi hang phdi giao cho ngudi d6, nhu vay thdi han trach nhiem da dugc md rdng hon so vdi Bruscls. Cdu 18: Gi&i han trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyin chfftheo 3 quy tdc? Gidi han trdch nhiem la sd' tito t6'i da md ngudi chuy6n chd phai bdi thucmg cho mot t6n tha't trong trdch nhi6m, gid tri hdng hda khdng dugc k6 khai trong vto don hay chung tir van tai. Niru gid tri hdng hdo dugc k6 khai thi se bdi thudng theo gid tri ke khai mdt khi tdn that say ra trd trudng hop chu hdng chung minh dugc rang gid tri thuc te' cua hdng hoa Idn hon gia ti kft khai thi se b6i thudng theo gid tri hgp ddng. + Theo Brussels: gidi han trach nhiem la mdt sd' tidn khdng vugt qua 100 bdng anh cho 1 kien hdng ho(ic 1 don vi hang h6a. Hiftn nay, Anh quy dinh 200 bdng/kidn hdng; Mi quy dinh 500$/ kien hdng. + Theo Visby: gidi han trdch nhiem Id mdt sd tidn khdng vugt qud 10.000 Franc vdng cho 1 ki6n hdng hodc 1 don vi hdng h6a; hay 30 Franc vdng/kg gdm ca bi tuy theo each nao cd loi cho chu hang. (Franc vdng c6 65,5mg vdng d6 nguyen chat 900/1000) Visby da dua vdo cdhc tfnh don vi hdng h6a bdi thudng khi hdng hoa dugc chd trong container hoac efing cu vto tai tuong tu. Visby qui dinh: n6'u e6 k6 khai tren vto don cdc bao gdi, ki6n nho ddng trong container thi cdc bao gdi, kien nho d6 dugc tfnh la don vi de bdi thudng; ndu khdng k6 khai B/L thi ta't ca container chi dugc tuih Id 1 don vi hang hda de bdi thucmg. Nghi dinh thu SDR quy dinh 666,675 SDR/ don vi hdng hoa hoac 2 SDR/kg hdng hoa ca bi, chu hdng duoc lua chon cdch tinh tuy theo each ndo eo led cho chu hdng. + Theo Hamburg: Gidi han trdch nhiem la 835 SDR/ don vi hdng hda hoac 2,5 SDR/kg hdng hda ca bi tuy theo cdch tinh nao cd loi. Qudc gia nao khdng phai la thanh vien cua IMF va luat qudc gia khdng cho phep sir dung SDR thi cd the sir dung dcm vi monedaiy unit - MU de tinh gidi han trach nhiem. Cu the 12.500 MU/kien hoac 37,5 MU/kg hdng hda ca bao bi, tiiy chu hang lua chon, 1MU cd 65,5 mg/vang vdi dd nguyen chat 900/1000. Viftc tinh sd lugng kien hay don vi hdng hda bdi thudng khi hang hda ddng trong container va cdng cu chuyen chd tuong tu, gid'ng nhu Brussels, Visby. Di&n tift'n bd la nft'u ban than vd container hoac cdng cu vto chuy&i tuong tu md khdng thudc sd huu cua ngudi chuyen chd hoac khdng do ngudi chuyen cho eung cap thi se duoc tinh la mdt don vi hang hda bdi thucmg trong trudng hop bi mdt mat hoac hu hdng. Cdu 19: Pham vi dp dung cua quy tac Brusels, Visby, Hamburg? - Cdng itdc Brusels duoc dp dung cho ta't ca cac van don phdt hanh tai nude tham gia cong udc. - Nghi dinh thu Visby dugc dp dung cho moi vto dcm liftn quan den viftc chuyen trd hang hoa giGa cac cang cua 2 nude khac nhau trong cdc trudng hop: + V to don duoc. cSp b 1 nude tham gia cdng udc. + Hang hda duoc chuyen trd tir 1 cang cua mot nude tham gia cdng udc.
13

Dai hoc Ngoai thuO ng

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B r tp fo ia r0 R V $ R T r + Hgp d6ng hay van dcm cd din chifeu tdi c6ng udc hoac luat 1ft qudc gia chip nhto cdng udc lam ngudn luat dilu chinh. - Cdng udc Hamburg dp dung cho tit ca cdc hop d6ng chuyfen chd htog hda bang dudng bifen gifia 2 nude khi: + Cing bo'c hay cing dd hing nim d nude tham gia cdng udc. + 1 trong cic cing dd hing lua chon qui dinh trong hgp ddng chuyfen chd hing hda li cang dd hing thuc tfe', l i cing thuQc nude tham gia cdng udc. + Van don hoic chung tir khic li chting nhto cho chuyfen chd hing hda bing dudng biln dugc phit hinh til 1 nude tham gia cdng udc. - Vto don hay hop ddng cd phto dto chiiu dfeh cdng udc hoic phip luat cua qudc gia chip nhto cdng udc lim ngufin luit dilu chinh. Cdu 20: Thu tuc thdng bdo tdn thd't theo quy tdc Brusels, Visby, Hamburg? Thdng bio tdn thit li thu tuc thdng bio btog vto bin cua ngudi nhto hing trong dd ndi ro tinh trang tdn thit cua hing hda dl-gid cho ngudi chuyfen chd trong mdt khoing thdi gian nhit dinh dl bio luu quyin khifeii nai vdi ngudi chuyfen chd. + Ddi vdi t6n thit ro rfet: Tdn thit ro rfet l i nhung tdn thit cd thi nhln thiy dugc bang mit thudng nhu dd vd, bao bl rich. Ngudi nhto hing lap bifen bin dd hing (Cargo outturm report - COR) do cing vi nguyfen nhto lip bifen bin dd ghi rd tfen hing, sd vto dcm v i trtnh trang tdn thit cua hing hda, phii cd chu.ky cua thuyin trudng trong thdi han sau: - Trudc hoac vio Me giao hing, theo quy tic Brussels, Visby. - Khdng mudn hon ngiy lim vifec sau ngiy giao hing cho ngudi nhto hing theo quy tic Hamburg. + Ddi vdi tdn thit l i khdng ro rfet: Tdn thit khdng rd rfet li nhQng tdn thit khd phit hifen dugc bang mit thudng hay nhfing nghi ngd cd tdn thit. Trong trudng hgp niy phii thdng bio tdn thit bang cich giii mdt thu du khing (Letter of reservation) cho ngudi chuyfen chd hoac dai ty cua ngudi chuyfen chd trong thdi gian: - 3 ngiy kl td ngiy giao hing, theo quy tic Brussels v i Visby. -15 ngiy lifen tuc k6 tit ngiy giao hing cho ngudi nhto theo quy tac Hamburg. Cdu 21: Khieu nai vdi ngudi chuyen char? + Ngudi cd quyin khifeii nai li ngudi cim vto dcfn mdt cich hgp phip, gdm cd: Ngudi giao, nhto hing hda. Ngudi cim vto dcm Ngudi bio hilm, theo nguyfen tic & quyin. + Hd so khieu nai bao gdm: - Vto don hdan hio da xep. - Hda don thuoug mai. - Phifeii ddng gdi. - Bifen bin kfe toan nhto hing vdi tiu, cd ghi rd sd lugng hing hio, thtra thifeu so vdi hda dcm thucmg mai. - Giiy chting nhto hing thifeu. 14

Dai hoc Ngoai thirong

Bookbooming

BrtPftRm 0RV$RT& 3 - Bifin bin d6 vd vk hu hong. -Thudukhang. - Bifin ban giam dinh. - Gia'y torkhdc dl chiing minh 16i cua ngudi chuy6n chd. Tiiy tinh trang d6 v5 khac nhau mk ngudi khie'u nai lap hd so nham dam bao ngudi chuy6n ch'd se b6i thudng. + Thdi han khilu nai: - Theo Brussels la 1 nkm kl tir ngky giao hkng vk kl tir ngky hdng hoa ding le duoc giao. - Theo Visby lk 1 nkm kl tit ngay giao hkng vk kl tfir ngky hkng hda ding le duoc giao, ngoai ra hai ben c6 thi thoa thukn dl keo dki them. - Theo Hamburg lk 2 n3m kl tir ngky giao hkng va kl tit ngky hkng hda dang le duoc giao. Cdu 22: Die'u khoang vi tdu trong hap ddng thue tdu chuyen? Trong hop ddng thue tku phii ghi ro: - Tdn tku, qudc tich. - Sd hieu cua tau - Tudi tku - C hang cua tau Sfp - Trong tai tinh trong tii tokn phSn - Dung tich dang kjr, dung tfch toin phan, dung tfch chtia hkng. - Trang thie't bi trfin tku - Sd luong thuyln vifin. Ngudi chuyen chd thudng mudn duoc giu quyen tahy thi con tku bang 1 con tku khkc, nhung khi thay chu tku phii bko trudc va dim bao con tku thay the' dd cd nhttng dac dilm ky thuat tuong tu nhu tau da quy dinh trong hop ddng. Cdu 23: Die'u khoan ve hdng hoa trong hap ddng thue tdu chuyen? Trong hop d6ng phai ghi ro: - Ten hkng - Loai bao bi - Sd luong hang h6a: ghi cu thi hokc ghi theo dung sai. Ty le dung sai lk do thuyln trudng c6ng b vi vky: Niru kh6ng du hkng dl xlp 6" thi chu hkng vin phai tri cuoie phf khdng. Niru du hkng mk khong chuyen chd he't thi chu hang co quyln khie'u nai, d& hoi b6i thudng nhQng chi phf phdt sirih lien quan i din viec tku bo hkng lai. Cku 23: Dilu khoan ve thdi han tku den cang xlp hang trong hop d6ng thue tau chuyen? - Thdi han tku din cang xp hang nh|n hang dl chd theo quy dinh cia hop ding, g6m co tku phai din dung thdi han, dia dilm va trong tu thi san skng nhkn hkng dl xep. - Co 2 ckch quy dinh: Lk 1 ngay cu thi 15

Dai hpc Ngoai thirang

4 3 s Bookbooming

Bftp t o m 0R v t o

t& j

LI 1 khoing thdi gian - N tiu din trade han thdi han qui dinh thi chu hing khOng budc phai giao fe'u hing vl khdng phai chiu mdt chi phf nlo hit. Cdn nlu chip nhln giao sdm thi rui ro xay ra do I6i cua ngudi giao hing thi ngudi giao hing phii chiu vl tuorng tu vdi ngudi chuy6n chd. - Niru tiu din sau thdi han quy dinh thi chu hing cd quyin huy hop ddng chuyfen chd, ngly cudi cClng cua thdi han eung II ngly huy hop ddng (cancelling date). Thuc t l chu hing cd huy hop ddng hay khdng c6n tfiry thudc vio thdi han cua hop ddng thuong mai, thdi han cua L/C. - Cd thi ty hop ddng theo dilu kien: + Prompt: Tiu se dfen cing xfejphing vii 3 ngly sau khi ty kfet hgp ddng. + Promptissimo: Tiu se dfen cing xfep hing ngay trong ngly ty hop ddng. + Spot prompt: Tiu se dfen cing vli gid sau khi ty hop ddng. - Tiu duoc coi II din cing khi th6a man 2 dilu kien sau: + Tiu dac&p vio ciu cing qui djnh ho3c da dfen vilng thuong mai cua cang quy dinh. + Tiu da sin sing moi dac dilm ky thuat cho vifec xfep hing. + T u da trao thdng bio sain sing xfep dd - Nor, notice of readiners - cho ngudi & thufe tiu hay ngudi gdi hing 1 cich thfch hop. Cdu 24: Quy dinh v i cdng xip hdng, cdng dd hang trong hop ddng thui tau? - Quy dinh cu thi cing nlo, ciu cing sd mly. Trong trudng hop qui djnh nhilu cing xfep, cing bde thi phii qui dinh them thti tu dia Vf cua cing xip, cing bdc. - Cing xfejp dd hing lu<5n phii 11 cing an toin: an tdan hing hii 14 phai cd dd slu phu hop dl cho tiu ra vao an toin vl luOn ndi an toin vl chfnh tri II phii khdng cd chiln tranh, chiln su xay ra. - Dl md rdng quyin han cua minh vl cing xip dd hing hda, chu tiu thudng dua thfem vio hop ddng ciu "hoSc nci nlo gin dly ml tiu cd t hi din dugc mdt cich an toin vl ludn ludn dau ndi" vio hop ddng thi chu hing nfen thuong lugng gach bd doan nly khi ty kit hgp ddng. Cdu 25: Qui dinh v i chi phi xep dd hdng hda trong hap ddng thui tau chuyin? - Cd mdt sd cich qui dinh chi phf xfep do hing: + Theo dilu kifen tau chd (liner terms) tuc II chi phf xip dd thudc vl ngudi chuyfen chd nfen khdng qui djnh mtfc thudng phat xfep dd nhanh cham. + Mifen ca chi phf xip va dd cho ngudi chuyfen chd (FIO), ngudi thufe tiu phii chiu cl 2 chi phf nly, edn 2 chi phf khlc II sap xip vl san cio thi cin qui dinh cu thi hon. + Mifen chi phf xip hing cho ngudi chuyfen chd (FO) nhung anh ta phii chiu chi phf xfep hing d cang din. - Vifec lua chgn dilu kifen chi phf xfep, dd nlo trong hgp ddng thufe tiu chuyin trudc hit phii phu thudc vao dilu kifen co sd giao hing trong hgp ddng mua bln ngoai thuong. 16

Dai hoc Ngoai thirang

Bookbooming

Bftp t e mfiR VftR TO3 - Muc dfch cua vific lira chon: - Trinh phai tri chi phf xe'p dd 2 ldn cho ngudi chuyen chd. - Trinh tri cudc phf khfing thu6c trdch nhiem cua mlnh. - ThuSn loi cho viec 16 chtic x6p dd hkng 6 cing nude ngoki. kiem ngoai te. Cdu 26: Dieu khodn cudc phi vd thanh todn cudc pM trong hap dSng thui tdu? Mtfc cudc la sd tiln mk ngudi thue tku phii tri cho ngudi chuydn chd cho viec van chuyln hang hda hoSc dich vu lien quan dn v|n chuydn. Ngudi thue tku vi ngudi chuyen chd thda thukn vdi nhau nhung ndi dung: - Mfic cudc tinh cho 1 dcmvi hang hda. - Ddng tiln tfnh cudc. - Don vi tfnh cudc t& theo thfnh chit cia hing. y - Sd luong hkng hda tinh cudc: Cd thi lk 1 sd luong thuc 6 cing di thi hien trtn van don hoac 1 sd luong thuc giao d cing de'n. - Thdi gian dl thanh todn cudc phi: + Cudc phf tri trudc duoc thanh todn tai cing xp hing sau khi ngudi chuyen chd phdt hinh vin don hoac sau 1 vki ngky. + Cirdc phf tri sau: 1) Cudc phf thanh tdan vko Me bit ddu dd hing; 2) cudc phf duoc thanh tdan cilng Idc vdi viec dd hang; 3) cudc phf duoc thanh todn sau khi dd hang; 4) cudc phf duoc giao khi hing hda duoc giao thuc su vi ddng dan. + Thuc t lk cudc phf duoc tri 1 phdn tai cing xip hkng, 1 phdn d cing dd hkng va phdn cdn lai sau khi da thuc su dd xong. Cdu 27. Trinh bay cdc ndi dung thuong phat xip dd trong hap dSng thui tdu? + Thdi gian xe'p dd: Thdi gian xp dd cd thi qui dinh lk 1 sd ngky cu thi. Thdi gian xep dd cd thi qui dinh bang mile xe'p dd cho tokn tku hoac cho tfim g mang trong 1 don vi thdi gian. Quy dinh theo tap qudn cua cing: Qui djnh nhu thi lk x& chung chung nhir t cang nhanh ckng tdt, nhanh nhu tku cd cd thi giao vk nhan. Khi dp dung cdn xem x6t m xe'p dd cua cing la bao nhiSu, vk khi ap dung cdch nky thi khdng chu y den che' vtc d6 thudng phat xe'p dd. + Don vi tfnh thdi gian xfi'p dd Ngky lien tuc bao gdm ci ngky thu: biy, chu nhat, ngay le. Ngky 1km viec: Khdng gdm ngky thtf biy, chu nhat, ngky le. Ngky 1km viec 24 gid: Nghla lk cur du 24 ting ikm vi6c lien tuc thi tfnh lk 1 ngay kl ci ngky hay dem. Ngky lam viec thdi tie't tdt: Cd 2 cdch qui dinh 1) WWDSHEXEU 1a ngky tdt trdi lam viec 24 tie'ng lien tuc kli6ng tfnh chu nhat ngky le dfi cd lam hay kh6ng; 2) WWDSHEXUU la ngay tdt trdi lam viec 24 tie'ng lien tuc khdng kl chu nhat va ngky If trir khi cd lam.
17

Dai hoc Ngoai thirong

Bookbooming

B Z iP to ffld R V flH T jb + M6'c tfnh thdi gian xftp htog lk 1 khoing thdi gian k tilt khi trao NOR va chSp nhto: ngudi gvrihtog chi cha'p nhto NOR khi c6 3 difiu kito sau: Tiu da cflp vio vilng hoac cdu cang theo dung qui dinh cua hop d6ng. Tau da lim xong thi tuc vto cing. Trang thiftt bi xftp dd hdm qudy htog da sdh stog di xftp dd. + Thucmg phat xftp dd nhanh cham: - Thucmg xftp dd nhanh li khoan tiftn mi chu tto phii tri cho ngudi thuft tiu khi thdi gian xftp dd nhanh hon thdi gian qui dinh trong hop ddng. Miic thudng btog tiln phat xftp dd cham. Sd tiftn thucmg btog muc tito thudng x thdi gian dirge thudng. Thdi gian dugc thudng: Cho toto b6 thdi gian tift't kiftm dugc k! c i chu nhat ngiy 16 hoto chi thudng cho thdi gian lim viftc tit kiem dugc. - Phat xftjp dd chtoi: Ngudi thuft tiu phii tri cho ngudi chuyftn chd mOt sd tiftn vl thdi gian xftjp dd cham hon so vdi qui dinh trong hgp d6ng. Nguyftn tic phat: Btog 2 Ito thudng, vi da phat thi luftn bj phat dii l i chu nhat v i ngiy1ft. - Thdi gian thudng phat dua vio bing tinh thdi gian xftp dd. Cdu 28: Truong hop hai tau dam nhau eung cd ldi? Trudng hgp 2 tiu dim nhau cilng cd ldi thi viftc phto chia trdch nhiftm li theo trdch nhiftm chfto; Ngudi chu tau A se bdi thudng cho chu hing B v i chu htog B se bdi thudng cho chu tiu A; ngudi chu tiu B se bdi thudng cho chu htog A d i chu htog A bdi thudng cho chu tiu A. Chirong 3: Chuyftn chd hing hdo bang container Cdu 29: Cdc dinh nghia ve Cont, cdc loai cont? Dinh nghia container: li m cdng cu chila hing, hinh khdi hdp chO nhat btog <Jt gd hoto btog kim loai, cd kfch thudc tiftu chuln hda dung dugc nhiu ldn v i cd stic chira ldn. Theo ISO container l i mflt c6ng cu vto tii chtfa htog cd nhtrng dac di&n sau: 1. C6 hinh ddng cd dinh & bto chic Ai s i dung dugc nhi&i lto. 2. Cd cto tao dac biftt di thuto lgi cho viftc chuyftn chd bing mQt hoac nhilu phucmg thiic vto tii. 3. Cd thiftt b] riftng di xip xp, thay ddi tilt cdng cu vdn tii niy sang cdng cu vto tii khde. 4. Cd cdu tao dac biftt dl thuto tiftn cho viftc nh6i htog vio vi rut htog ra. 5. Cd dung tfch khdng nhd hon lm \ Chu * Container khflng phai li bao bl tuy nd cd chtfc ntog cua bao bl. * Khdng phai li cdng cu vto tii, dugc sir dung d$c lap vdi c6ng cu vto tai nhu mdy bay, tiu hda Cdc loai Container: 1. Cto cu: vio vit liftu chft' tao Container. * Container btog thftp 18

Dai hoc Ngoai thirang

Bookbooming

Bfrp f i n m & n v $ e r f a

* Container blng nhdm * Container blng g6 cao phan tit 2. C5n cii v& d5c diem Container: o * Container md dinh * Container md su6n * Container lanh * Container bio fin 3. Can cti vSo kfch thudc: 6 loai chinh: 1A, B, C, D, E, F. 1C 1A Dii 40 feet = 12190 mm2 Dii 20 feet = 6055 mm2 Rdng = cao = 8feet = 2435mm2 Rdng, cao = 8 feet Trong tii tinh/ to& bd: 27/30 n 18/20 30,5m3 (20 feet = 1TEU) Dung tfch = 61m3 4. Can cii theo c6ng dung: * Container chd hing Mch h6a * Container Chd hing long * Container chd hing rdi khd * Container dac biet Cdu 30: Cdc giai doan phdt triin Container? C6 th chia l& 3 hoac 4 giai doan: m Nu chia lkm 3 giai doan: 1920 -1955; 1956 -1966; 1967 - nay. NSu chia lim 4 giai doan: 1920 - 1955; 1956 - 1966; 1967 -1980; 1981 - nay. 1. Giai doan 1920 -1955: * 1921: Container bat diu duoc sir dung trong vSn tii dudng sit d My. * 1929: Duoc sir dung trong van tai dudng sic d Anh vk Chau Au. * 1933: d Chau Au thlnh lap van phong van tai Container d quin ly vSn tii blng dudng sit. * Trong chife'n tranh the gidi 2 Container phdt trien khi nhanh d My, hai quan My dung connese box d van chuydn vu khf, quan trang. * Dn 1950 My c6 100.000 connese box. * Container chu yft'u duoc sir dung trong giai doan nky li Container loai nlio (sure chd td'i da 5T, dung tfch chtia hing l-3m3 v&duotc sir dung trong van tai dudng , sat ndi d|a. 2. Giai doan 1956-1966: *Ul thdi ky bit dSu cich mang Container h6a. * ip dung ngky cang nhiu Container loai ldn theo tifeu chudn ISO. * Md rdng chuyen chd Container thdi gian van tii qud'c t * Bit diu xua't hifen tau chd Container. * 1956 tiu chd Container diu tien ra ddi. * 1958 My cd 137.000. * 1960 Chau au cd 280.000 Container.

19

Dai hoc Ngoai thirarig

Bookbooming

BiftP t e QR v a n TO3
* 1961 xua't hifin mdt sd tuy6n chuyda chd Container dSu tidn gifla New York Los Angeles - Sanfransico. * 1966 hinh thinh tuyg chuydn chd Container Qudc td' bat dciu tir USA dfin n chau au (What) 3. Giai doan 1967 dn nay. * dp dung ph<5 bien cac Container loai ldn theo ti6u chu&i ISO. * Nhiiu nude da hinh thknh h6 thdng vto tii Container cua minh. * Sit dung cdc loai cdng cu van tii, thie't bi xfip dd chuydn dimg cho Container, cai tao vk xay dung mdi cdc cing, ga Container. * Hlnh thknh cac. tuyfin dudng biln, dudng sat, d td phuc vu chuydn chd Container trong ndi dia v i trdn the' gidi. * 1967: ISO thdng qua tidu chuin hda dlu tidn 16n vfln chuydn Container loai ldn. * 12/1967 6 Chau Au hinh thknh cdng ty CQT - Interecotainer cd tru sd tai Brussels phu trach chuydn chd bing container. * 1972: Tku chuydn dung chd Container ra ddi. * 1977: Trdn th gidi hlnh thknh 38 tuyfih van tii Container ndi My vdi 100 cing trfin thd gidi. * Tit 1980 trd di tdc dd phat triin v&i tii Container ting 10% mdt nSm, cd nhung nude d Chau a cd tdc dd phat triin van tii Container 15%/nSm. * 1987: Dudng biln van tii duoc 65 trifru TEU * 1990: Dudng biln van tii duoc 84 trifiu TEU * Khdi luong hing hda di qua cdc cing ldn trdn th gidi: Roctecdam: 3,6 tridu TEU Hamburg: 2 Cing cua My 12 Ski gdn: 0,2 Hai phdng: 0,15, tdng cing Vidt Nam 0,7 Sing: 10 H6ng kdng: 6,3 Cobd: 2,6

Cdu 31: Cdng cu vdn chuyin xep dd Container trong vdn tai da&ng biin: 1. Cdng cu van chuyin Container trong van tai dudng biin. Cdng cu van chuyin Container trong van tii dudng biln lk tku chd Container. Trong thuc t, chung ta gap cdc loai Container sau: * Tku bin Container (semi container ship): Lk tku vira chuydn chd hkng hda bao gdi thdng thudng vira cd thi chuydnchd mdt sd luong container nhat dinh. * Tau container kiiu t6 ong (full cellular container ship): lk tku cd cdu tao nhiiu him gidng nhu 16 ong. di chtia container. Trdn bong cing cd thi chd duoc 2-3 ldp container. Tku cd cxi cu chuydn dung di phuc vu xp dd container ldn xudng tku.

20

Dai hoc Ngoai th ifa n g

Bookbooming

bk p

to m to v to r a

* tiu container kilm LO - LO (lift on lift off container ship): L i tiu chuyen dung d l chd container. Phuong phip xfep dd container lfin xud'ng bing c i i ciu cua tau hoac cua cdng theo chiiu thing dung l i "nang 16n, dat xudng". * Tiu container khilu RO-RO (roll on - rolll off container ship): l i tiu c6 c& 'u tao nhilu boong cd he thdng ciu d in nghifing, phucmg phip xip d a container 16n tiu = may klo v i gid xe container (chassis) theo chiiu nlm ngang th6ng qua he thdng cua mui tiu, ddi tau hoic man tiu. * T iu container kilm LASH (lighter aboard ship) l i tiu chd mdt s6 x i lan, m8i x i lan cd trong tii trung binh khoing 300 - 1000T. X i lan c6 th i chd cdc loai hing hda thdng thudng hoic chd container c6 chiia hang. Tiu LASH duoc goi l i tiu me (Morther ship) X i lan duoc gpi l i tiu con. X i lan chtfa container dugc x ip d a I6n xutfng tiu me theo cich ndi Hoat on Hoat off. Nhfing tiu chd container cd ciu tao khdng phai t6 ong dugc goi chung l i none cellular container ship. 2. Cdng cu xip d8 container trong v3n tii dudng biln. * Cin cd vio cdng dung ta chia lim 3 nh6m. - Cdng cu xip dd container lfen xudng tiu cic loai cin ciu container c5 ldn. Viet nam ding: Cin ciu giin; li loai cin ciu hifin dai nhlt cd nang suit 40 TEU/ h, c6 thi n9ng 80 tdh/lln. Cin ciu khung. - Cdng cu xip dd container tai cic kho bai container (container yard/ container depot): nhu cdc cin ciu tu hinh, cin ciu chay trSn ray, xe ndng, m ly klo, g ii xe container. - Cdng cu xfep dd phuc vu vific x ip dd ra vio container tai tram nhdn tra hing (container freight station = CFS) nhu xe ndng cd nhd (Fork lift) cd trong tai ldn, cd thi ch6ng container len 4,5 ldn. Cdu 32: The nao la CD (Container depot), CFS, CY, ICD (inland clearance depot), TEU; 1. Container Yard, CY: Bai container: li nai tiln hinh giao nhdn bao quan container cd hing vio container r6ng thudng dugc bd tri tilp gidp vdi bln container. Diftn tfch CY phii rlt ldn, tuy theo sd lugng v i chiiu dii cua cic b ln container. 2. Container Freight Station CFS: Tram giao nhdn v i ddng gdi hing le, l i ndi tiln hinh d l xip vio container vi tilp tuc chuyfen chd, hodc dd hang ra khdi container d l giao cho ngudi nhdn hing, CFS thudng dugc xdy durng ngoii pham vi cua cing. 3. Container Depot: CD: Tram container: l i nai giao nhdn, bio quin hing hda vi bao quin container, d6ng thdi tiln hanh cic nghiep vu sira chfta container. Tram container c6n la nai tiln hinh cdc thu tuc hai quan, kilm tra hing hda xud't nhdp khiu.
4. Inland clearance depot: ICD: Tram hai quan trong ndi dia. T it ca cdc tram container duoc bd tri nlm siii trong ndi dia thi dugc goi la ICD (cang kho). Viet nam

D ai hoc N goai th ifa n g

Bookbooming

BftP HR 0R V&R TfiJ

goi ICD lk cing thdng quan ndi dia, Gia lam, hkng hda nhftp vi c6 thi dem v i ICD di d5 vk fciim tra mk khdng cSn phai kiim tra ngay tai cing. 5. TEU = 20 feet, lk mdt container loai IC. Cdu 33: The nao ld hdng nguyen (FCL) vd giao hdng nguyen (FCUFCL)? Hkng nguyen: (FCL; Full container load); lk nhGng Id hkng c6 khdi luong ldn du di trong mdt hokc nhiiu container, thudng chi cd 1 ngudi gui vk 1 ngudi nhan. Giao hkng nguydn: (FCL/FCL) bao gdm cic budc sau: 1. Chu hkng sau khi da ddng ddy hkng vko container thi giao nguyen container da kep chi cho ngudi van tai tai bai container cua cing di (CY). 2. Ngudi chuyen chd bang chi phf cua minh phii xip len tku vk vto chuyin din cing. 3. Ngudi chuydn chd chi phf cua minh phii dd container vk mang vi CY cua cing de'n. 4. Ngudi chuyen chd giao container cdn niem phong cho ngudi nhan.. Chu Dia diim giao hkng: Chu hkng giao cho ngudi van tii, ngudi VSn tai dai dien cho ngudi mua CY/CY. Nhflng chi phf ddng vko container vk dd hkng ra khdi container do chu hkng chiu. Cdu 34: Thendo Id hdng le: (LCL) vd giao hdng le (LCULCL); Hkng IS: Less than container load, LCL: Lk nhflng Id hkng nho khdng du ddng trong mdt container hokc lk Id hkng ldn nhung c6 nhiiu chu hkng; Giao hkng le: (LCL/LCL) gdm cic budc sau: 1. Chu hkng le giao hkng cho ngudi chuyen chd hokc ngudi gom hkng tai CFS (tram giao nhan ddng gdi hkng li) cfia cing di. 2. Ngudi chuyen chd chi phf cua minh ddng hkng vko container, niem phong kep chi. 3. Ngudi chuyen chd bang chi phf cua minh xfip container len tku vk chuyen chd noi dn. 4. Ngudi chuy6n_chd bang chi phf cua minh dd container khdi tku vk dua dn CFSS cua ngudi chuyen chd hofc cing din. 5. Ngudi chuyen chd dd hkng ra khdi container vk giao cho ngudi nh&i hkng. Chu $: - Dia diim giao hang la CFS. - Ngufid chuyen chd chiu nhiiu chi phf khac nhau: Chi phf, gdi, dd hkng khdi container. - D i tao di&i kien thukn loi cho ngudi chu hkng cung nhu ngudi chuyen chd ngudi giao nhan diing ra kinh doanh giiri hkng 18 = container, duoc g<?i lk ngudi gom hkng (constidator). Hp tap hop nhflng Id hkng le cua nhiiu chu hkng thknh Id hkng h6n hop (consolidation/groupage) ddng vko container vk tin hknh t6 cMc chuyenchd theo phuong phip FCL/FCL.

22

Dai hoc Ngoai thuOng

Bookbooming

B 7 iP ? m m 6 R V $ R T ft3

Cdu 35: The nao Id nhan le giao nguyen (LCLIFCL) vd nhdn nguyen, giao le (FCLILCL) trong van tdi container? NhSn le giao nguyfen: (LCL/FCL) (CFS/CY) 1. Chi hang le giao hang cho ngudi chuyfen chd tai CFS cua cang di. 2. Ngudi chuyen chc( bing chi phi cua minh dong hdng vao container, nifem phong kep chi. 3. Ngudi chuyfen chd bang chi phf cua minh xfep container lfen tdu vd chuyfen chd dfen ncfi den. 4. Ngudi chuyfen chd bang chi phf cua minh d9 container khdi tiu va dua tdi CY cua cang d . fe'n 5. Ngudi chuyfenchd giao container con nifemphong kep chi cho ngudi nhan. Chu f: Dia diem giao hang la CY. Chi phf d6ng hang vao container do ngudi chuyfen chd chiu. Chi phi dd hang khoi container do ngudi chuyfen chd chiu. Cdu 36: Cdc phucmg hpap giao hdng bang container? Hay gidi thick cdc
khdi niem FCL/FCL, FCLILCL, LCL/LCL, LCL/FCL?

LCL/FCL: Phucmg phap nhto le giao nguyfen. Cdu 37: Khi mua bdn hdng ddng trong container c6 the silt dung cdc dieu kien thucmg mai Quite te'FOB, CIF duffc khdng? tai sao? * Cdc dilu kifen FOB, QF cd dilm giao hang Id lan can tau (diem ph& chia n trach nhifem, dilm di chuyin quyin sd huu hdng hda). * Con trong vdn chuyin container thi dilm giao hdng Id CY hay CFS. Nhu vdy, giao hdng container vdi cdc dilu kien FOB, CIF la khOng phu hep vi dilm giao hang thuc tfe vdi dilm giao hdng trong hop d6ng Id khde nhau. ' * Trdch nhiem trong hop ding vd trong thuc te cua ngudi bdn vd ngudi mua Id khde nhau. Trong thuc te d Viet Nam da sd cac cong ty XNK lai ding container trong cdc dieu kien giao nhan FOB, CIF. Nhu vay trong trudng hop c6 tin thdt trong cdc doan giua lan can tau vdi CY hoac CFS kh6ng dugc b6i thudng, tham chf cd bdo hilm. Trong bao hilm ngudi tra chi bao hilm khi cd lgi fch bdo hilm nghia Id cd quyen sd huu hdng hoa bi t6n tha't nhung trong giai doan giC lan can tdu vd CY, CFS ra thi ngudi mua chua cd quyin sd huu hdng hda trong khi do ngudi ban da giao hdng cho ngudi vdn chuyin roi. Vay phai ding cac dilu kifen: FCA thay cho FOB CPT thay cho CFR CIP thay cho CIF
Cdu 38: Cdc laoi cit&c pM vd phu p h i trong chuyenchff hdng hda bang container? Cac loai cufic phi: cudc phi la khoan tiln md chu hdng tra cho ngudi van tai bao gom ca phu pin. Cuo'c FAK (Freight all land) cudc tinh chung cho moi loai hdng hoa:

Dai hoc Ngoai thu,o,ng

Bookbooming

ftp t e ordR v t e

t Aj

* Lk loai cudc trong d6 quy dinh tit c i c5c loai hkng hda xp trong container dupe tfnh theo mdt mtfc cudc nhu nhau. D4y lk viec don g$n h6a viec tfnh cudc. * Dan vi tfnh cudc c6 thi lk trpng luqmg ho|c sd lupng.

* Uu diim: Dan giin trong viec tfnh todntiin cudc.

* Nhupc: Nhflng hkng hda cd gM trj thfifp se bi thiSt do dd phii tfnh todn moi bi6n phip nh&m suedung tdi da trong tii vk dung tfch cua container. Cudc CBR (comodity box rate). * Lk cudc tfnh theo c3p hang mat hkng xfip trong container. * Don vi tfnh cudc lk container nhung ip dung cho mOt s6 mkt hkng xlc dinh vk cd quy dinh trpng luong hkng hda tdi da cho mdi loai container. CudcTVC: * Lk cudc tfnh theo khdi luong container chuyen chd mtfc cudc giim din khi khdi lupng tang. * Lk hinh thtic giim gil cho chi hkng nhlm khuydn khfch hp giknh nhiiu hkng hda cho chu tku. * Cudc nky Ip dung cho nhflng hop ddng cd khdi luong ldn. * TEU: tuong tu cudc theo 1 container. VD: 500$/container. * FCL: Cudc hkng nguyen. * LCL rate: Cudc hkng 16 = FCL rate LCL service charge.

* Cudc chuyen chdhkng hda trdnchkng dudng chfnh.

* Cudc chuydn chd hkng hda trdn chang dudng phu. Cdc loai phu phf: phu phf lk nhflng phf lien quan din dich vu container. - THC (terminal handling charge): Chi phf bin bai, Viet Nam chua thu phu phf nky. - LCT service charge: phu phf djch vu hkng IS. - Phu phf nang container ldn, dat container xudng (up and down removal) - Phu phf giao hkng IS (break bull cargo) - Bak: phu phf dlu (B) - Phu phf do ddng yen tang gid (yen). - Phu phf VD(B/L, fee) - Phu phf van chuyin dudng bd -Phu phf luu kho luu bai - Tiin phat dpng container. Cdu 39: Tiin phat dong container. Gidi han trdch nhiim cia ngudi chuyin chd dp dung cho container? Tiin phat dpng container: lk khdan tiin mk chu hkng phii tri cho ngudi chuyen chd do vide di hkng trontg container qud lku so vdi thdi han quy djnh. Tiin phat dpng quy dinh cua ICD Gia Lam. Ddi vudi hkng nhap khlu sau 1 ngky tfnh tiin phat dpng. Ddi vdi hkng xult khlu: sau 3 ngky tfnh tiin phat dpng. Container 20: Phat $2/ngky trong vdng 5 ngky ddi vdi container cd hkng. Phat $l,5/ngky trong vdng 5 ngky ddi vdi container khdng hkng.

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BftP t e fflSR V t e T&I Container 40: phat $3/container/ngly trong vdng 5 ngiy dd'i vdi container c6 hing. Phat $/container/ngiy trong vdng 5 ngiy d 5i vdi container khdng c6 hing. < T ngiy t uh 6 d ngly 31 phat gip 2 ldn. ttf fe'n T t ngly 32 trb di phat gip 4 lin. iS Gidi han trich nhiftm cua ngudi chuyfen chd ip dung cho container. Quy tic Hague khdng dilu chinh Van tii = container. Hague - Visby vi Humburg diu dl cap din vin chuyin = container. * Hing h6a ddng trong container d6ng thdi c6 kft khai B/L gdm bao nhidu kifen hing thi m6i kifen hing dd duoc coi 11 dow vi dl tmh gidi han trdch nhifem. * N khdng lifet kfe sd' luong hing hda trong container trong B/L thi chi coi sd' firu luong hing hda dd li i don vi 1 kifen. * Quy tic hamburg edn quy dinh thfem nlu container bi mat ma container iy khdng do ngudi chuyfen cho eung cp container a'y eung ducrc coi li 1 kifen (1 don vi).

Cdu 40: Hiiu qud cua vdn tdi ddi vdi ngudi vdn tdi vd chi hdng?
Hifeu qua cua van tai container ddi vudi ngudi van tii: * Giim thdi gian xfep dd din din tang vdng quay cua phucmg tifen van tai. * Giam chi phi diu tu mua sim phuotng tifeirvan tii cdng cu xfejpdd. * Giim gii thinh vto tii do giim cbi phi xfejp dd, lim hing, chi phf lim hing trong vto tii khdng dung container ldn hon 50% gii chi phf lim hing vto tii diing container 15% gii. * Giam nhe duoc trich nhifem ddi vdi t6n thit hing hda v l dd phai giai quyfe't khifeu nai ddi bdi thudng t6n thit ddi vudi chu hing. * Tao dilu kifen thuln loi cho vifec truyln tii. Hifeu qui ciia v|n tii container vdi chu hing. * Giim cudc phf. * Giam chi phf bao bi * Bio vfe hing hda an toin hon * Rut ngin thcd gian luu thdng cua hing hda lim cho ddng vd'n quay vong nhanh hon. * T kifemphf bio hilm ife't Dilu kifen dl nlng cao hifeu qua cua vifec chuyfen chd hang hda bing container. * Cd ngudn hing ldn 6n dinh vi tuong ddi can bing gifia 2 chiiu chuyfen chd thfch hop vdi chuyfen chd bing container (ca kinh t6 vl ky thuat). * Cd co sd vat cha't ky thuat ddng bd vi hifen dai, khai thac cd hifeu qua cic ca sd vat chit dd. * Phai cd md hinh t6 chflc quin ty tifen tife'n. Chuong 4: Gom hing vi v&n tii da phucmg thurc. Cdu 41: Gom hdng vd loi ich cua gom hdng? 1. Gom hing:
* La viec tfip hop nhimg Id hing nho (le tir nhung ngudi giri hang thanh nhung 16 hang ldn (nguySn) dl gfti di cho cic ngudi nhto d nai dfen.
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Dai hoc Ngoai thirong

Bookbooming

b &p

t o ar0R v t e

t &i

* Muc dich: Giim chi phf van tii vk tang khi nang cua phuong tien van tii. * Trinh tu gom hkng: - Ngudi gom hkng nhan giri nhung 16 hkng le cua ngudi gC tai CFS. ii - Ngudi gom hkng tap hop lai thknh 16 hang nguyen, kilm tra hii quan vk d6ng vko container tai CFS. - Ngudi gom hkng nky giri vko cdc container nky bing phuong thtic van tii khdc nhau (dudng biln, dudng sat, dudng hkng khdng...) cho dai ty cua minh tai nci dn. - Dai ly cua ngudi gom hkng tai ncd dn nhan duoc cic container nky, dd hkng ra vk giao cho ngudi nhan tai CFS d ncd dn. Cdc chung tir lien quan: + House B/L: (van don gom hkng) ngudi gom hkng giao cho ngudi giri hkng. + Master B/L: (Van don chu) (Hay airway bill): ngudi chuyen chd giao cho ngudi gom hkng. + Delivery order: (Lenh giao hkng) dilng khi kh6ng chip house B/L mk cflp van don chung chu. Timg ngudi nhan cim lenh giao hkng xudng kho dl llnh hkng. 2. Loi fch cua viec gom hkng. * D5i vu6i ngudi gid hkng: - Duoc hudng cudc phf ft hon nu nhu ta true tiSp giao dich vdi ngudi van tii. - Chu hkng cam M y tliukn tien hon khi 1km viec vdi ngudi gom hkng mk cd khi nang v|n tii di sudt tir cu dlh cira hon lk giao djch vdi ngudi vta tii mk kh6ng ria cd khi nang di sudt (cic hang chi kinh doanh tr6n mdt vki tuygn dudng nhat dinh). - Ngudi gom hkng thuctag cung cap cic dich vu vkn tii tir cua dn cira vk dich vu phan phdi mk cic hang tku thudng khdng 1km. * Ddi vdi ngudi chuyen chd. - Tilt kiem duoc giy td chi phf vk thdi gian do phii giii quyt cic Id hkng IS. - Tan dung ht khi nang chuyen chd vl ngudi gom hkng da ddng diy container. - Khdng so cic chu hkng le khdng tri tiln cudc. * Ddi vdi ngudi gom hkng: Duoc hudng chenh l$ch vl cudc phf mk ho phii tri cho ngudi vkn chuyln (cudc hkng nguyen) vk tiln mk ho thu duoc cic ngudi giri (hudng thSp hon cudc hkng le dl khuye'n khfch_ngudi gin). Cdu 42: Khdi niem, dac diem cia vdn tdi da phuong th&c? 1. Khii niem: Van tii DPT (multimodal/com/intennodal transport) lk mdt phucmjj thtic van tii, trong dd hkng hda duoc chuyln blng hai hay nhiiu phuong thtic van tii khic nhau, tr6n co sd mdt chiing td van tai, mdt chi' dd trich nhiem vk chi mdt ngudi chiu trich nhiem vl hkng hda trong sudt qui trinh chuyen chd td mdt dia diim nhkn hkng dl chd d nude nky de'n mdt dja diim giao hkng dnudc khic. 2. Dac diim: * Cd ft nhat 2 phuong thtic van tii tham gia. * Trong hknh trinh van tii DPT chi sd dung mdt chiing tir, cd thi lk: Chiing td vin tii DPT (multimodal transport document) - Van don van tii (DPT (multimodal transport B/L). - Van don van tii lien hop (Combined transport B/L) - B/L for Conmbined Transport Shipment or port to port Shipment. 26

Dai hoc Ngoai thirong

Bookbooming

Bftp t o n r t e vfoz t Aj * trong hinh trtnh vdn tai DPT c6 mdt ngudi chiu trdch nhiem vl htog h6a trade ngudi gii d6 lk ngudi kinh doanh vto tii DPT (multimodal transport spectator MTO). MTO phii chiu trdch nhiem vi htog hda kl tir khi MTO da nhto duoc htog hda dI chd tai ncri di cho de'n khi da giao xong htog cho ngudi nhto d noi dfih. * MTO chiu trdch nhiem ddi vdi htog hda theo mdt che' dd trdch nhiem nha't dinh: Che' dd trdch nhiem thdng nha't hodc che' dd trdch nhiem timg chtog thy theo su thda thuto cua 2 ben. - Oie' d(J trdch nhifim thdng nhdt (Uniform liability system) - Ch dd trdch nhiem tiJng chtog (Network liability system) * MTO khdng nhft thiet phai vto tdi ml cd thi thue ngudi khde. * Vto tdi DPT thudng sir dung cdc cdng cu vto tdi nhu container, pallet. Chd $ ne'u trong mdt htoh trinh, htog hda c&ng duoc vto chuyin hai hay nhilu phuotog thde vto tdi nhung lai sir dung hai hay nhilu chd dd trdch nhiem cua cdc phuong thde vto tai thi dd khdng phai Id vto tdi DPT md vto tai dut doan. Cdu 43: Thi'nho Id chidd trdch nhiim thdng nhdt (Uniform liability system) vd chedd trdch nhiim titng chdng (network liability system): Che' dd trdch nhiem thdng nha't: TCc Id trtn chtog dudng vto tdi DPT dd chi sir dung mdt c6ng udc, mdt quy dinh. Mdt ch dd trdch nhiem chi cd mQt co sd trdch nhiem. CM dd trdch nhiem timg chtog: Id trong hdnh trtnh vto tdi DPT dy sd dung nhieu ch dd trdch nhiem, nhieu quy udc, ludt le khde nhau quy dinh trdch nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd. Ntfu dp dung chi do trdch nhiem timg chtog khi c6 t6n that se cd hai trudng hop xay ra. * Bie't ducrc tin thdt da xay ra d chtog vto chuyin ndo dd thi se dp dung che dd trdch nhiem cua PTVT tuong tfng. * KhOng xac dinh duoc tdn that da xay ra d chtog ndo trong trudng hop nay hai ben phai thoa thuto trong hop d6ng vto tai DPT (hay quy dinh san luong chdng tir vto tai DPT) Id se dp dung chi dd trdch nhiem cua phuong thtic vto tai ndo, ludt le quy tic ndo? Cdu 44: Cdc hinh thitc van tdi da phucmg thirc: Vto tai da phuong thufe Id su ke't hop cdc phuong thtfc vdn tai vdi nhau dl dem lai hieu qua kinh te' vto tai theo he thdng nhdt dinh. * Vdn tai ke't hop vdn tai dudng biln va vto tai hdng khdng (SEA/AIR) - Ddy la kieu ke't hop gitta trnh kinh te' cua vto tai dudng biln va td'c dd vdn tai hdng khdng. - Hinh thde nay duoc ditng dl chuyen chd nhung htog h6a cd gid tri cao nhu d6 dien, dien tir va cdc hang hda c6 tnh thdi vu cho nhu quin do, d6 choi. - Duoc dung ph6 biln tren the' gidi ddc biet tut Vita Ddng di Chdu Au. * Vdn tai ke't hop vdn tai hdng khdng vd vto tdi dudng bd (AIR/ROAD) - Dich vu nhto va giao (pick up and delivery) cua vto tai dudng bd thudng gto liln vdi vto tai hang khdng. - Dirac sit dung chu ylu b My va td Mi di cdc nirdc khde.
27

Dai hoc Ngoai thirong

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An nr^R v t o n t o

* Van tai ket hop v4n tai dudng s5t vk van tii 6 td (RAH/ROAD) - Day lk su ket hop gifia tfnh an tokn vk tdc dd cua van tii dudng sit vdi tinh co ddng cua van tii 6 td. -Phuongphapnky duocrdp dung diutiend Myvk-Ghku Au. * Van tii dudng sit/ dudng bd/ van tii ndi thuy - van tii biln - van tii dudng sit/ dudng sit/ dudng b6/ ndi thuy (RAH, ROAD AND - WATERWAY SEA ROAD/INLAND WATERWAY). - Thudng duoc ding khi hkng hda van chuyln bang dudng biln tit mt nude nky sang nude khic. - Cic phuong thtfc van tii dudng bQ, dudng sit, duoc s i dung.d! chuyfin chd hkng hda tit mdt cai giio trong ndi dia nude di ra cing vk tit cing cua nude dn vl cic trung tarn tifiu thu b trong nQi dia. * Land bridge (ciu luc dia) ttirlk cii gl thiic sca-rail/road-sca. Tr6n thd gidi cdhai loai he thdng Land bridge ldn. - Gifia Chau Au hay Trung Ddng, Vita ddng qua lanh thd cia cic nude thudc Lifin Xd cu. S i dung he thdng vin tii container bang dudng sit xuyta xudt. - Gifia Chiu Au vk Vita ddng qua lanh thd cia My. T r nam 1990 hinh thknh C tuyta mdi ViSn Ddng - Mexico qua bd biln phfa Tky cia MI. * Mini-Bridge: Tit cing (nude xuSt khiu) dta cing (nude nhap khiu) qua dudng bd hay dudng sit din thknh phd cing cua nude nhap khiu. Dugrc s i dung dl chuyta chd hkng hda gifia My vk cic nude Vita Ddng, gifia My vk Chau au, gifia My vk Astralia. * Micro-bridge: Gidng nhu mini-bridge, chi khic hknh trinh khdng phii lk thknh cing mk lk trung tam cdng nghiep, trung tam thuong mai ndi dia. Thiy tu3n: a. Can cu: vko hknh trinh cd: * Door to door (tit nude phit triln sang nude phit triln) * Door to CY (CFS) (tit nude phit triln sang nude dang phit triln) * CY (CFS) to door (dang phit triln sang nude phit triln) * CY (CFS) to CY (CFS) (dang phit triln sang nude dang phit triln) b. Can ctf vko cdc phuong thfic tham gia: * Sea/air: nhanh hon van tii biln r hon van tii miy bay. * Air/truck: tdc dd cao + linh hoat. * Mini bridge (sea/rail): cii gl lk doan dudng sit, dudng biln lk chinh. * Land bridge (sea/road/sea): Ciu luc dia. * Seatrain (rail/sea/rail) Cdu 45: Hiiu qua cia vdn tdi DPT: Hieu qui cia vin tii DPT lk tdng hop cia nhiiu uu diim, leri fch cia viec chuyen cho hkng hda bing container cia -viec .gom hkng vk cia phuong phdp v|n chuyln di sud't (through transport) * Loi fch cia viec vin chuyln hkng hda bing container.
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B K P to m Q R V t e T r a * Loi ich cua vifec gom hing * Cii gi day - Tao ra dilu m6'i day nhSt trong vifec van chuyen tilrcita dfen cia. - Giam thdi gian tifeu phi b cic dilm chuyin tai. - Tang nhanh thdi gian giao hing. - Giam chi phf van tai. - Don gian hoa chung til va thu tuc. - Tao dilu kifen td't hon de sire dung phuong tifen v|n tai, xfep dd, ca sd ha ting, tifep nhan c6ng nghfe van tii mdi v i quan ly hifeu qui qui trinh lutu thdng vto tai. - Van tii DPT tao ra dich vu mdi, gdp ph|n giai quyfe't c6ng in vifec lim cho xa h6i. Cdu 46: Khdi niem vd cdc loai MTO. Khdi nifemve MTO: Theo cdng udc cua lifen hop qudc ve vn tai DPT 1980: MTO li bat ky ngudi nao, farminh hay thOng qua mdt ngudi khac ty ket mdt hop ddng van tai.DPT vi hoat ddng nhu li mot ben chfnh (puncipal), chu khdng phai la dai ly, ngudi giri hing hoic nhttng ngudi chuyen chd tham gia vSn tai DPT v i chiu trach nhifem thuc hiftn hop ddng van tai da phuong thtic. Cic loai MTO: 1. MTO c6 tiu: Ra dci diu tifen: VO-MTO (vessel operating MTO) do cic chu tiu la ngudi MTO khdng sd httu, kinh doanh v i khai thic tiu biln. Loai niy c6 thi li nhttng ngudi sau day eung cip djch vu: a) Chu sb httu mdt trong cdc phuong tifen sau: Hing hing khdng cdng ty van tii d td ngudi kinh doanh van tai dudng sat. b) MTO chuyfen nghifep: Khdng cd cai gi: Thudng la ngudi giao nhan, ngudi gom hing, ngurdi eung cap dich vu vin tai td cira tdi cita, nhung ngudi kinh doanh dich vu van tii: xfep dd, kho hang. Tham khao: MTO khdng cd tiu c6 thi gdm: * Chu sb huu mdt trong cac phuong tifen vin tii khic khdng phii li tiu biln nhung lai eung cSp dung vu van tai di sudt. * Ngudi kinh doanh nhttng dich vu lifen quan dfen vin tii nhu bd'c dd, luu trtt. * Nhttng ngudi chuyfen chd cdng cdng khdng cd tau (non vessel operating comon carrier NVOCC). * NGudi giao nhan (Freight Fowarder) (MTO chuyfen nghifep) Cdu 47: Trdch nhiem cia LHQ ddi vdi hdng hoa. i Theo cdng udc cua UN (LHQ) Co sd trich nhifem: MTO phai chiu trich nhiftm vl nhttng thifet hai do mit mit hay do hu hdng cim hing hda, eung nhu cham giao hing nfe'n nhu cd' gay ra mit mat, hu hdng hay ch|m giao hang xay ra.
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Dai hoc Ngoai thirong

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B ftp t o m en

vim t & t

- Cham giao hing h6a xiy ra khi hing hda khOng ducrc giao trong ty han da th6a thuan. Nifti khdng qui dinh thdi gian cu thi thi MTO phai giao trong mQt thdi gian hop ty m l mdt MTO phai giao sau khi da tfnh dftn hoin cinh cua su viftc. Sau 90 ngly kl tOngly hft han giao hing m l MTO chua giao hing thi coi nhuhlng bi mit. t Thdi han trich nhiem (period of responsibility): Gitfng Hamburg. Gidi han trich nhiftm (limit of liability): - N cd vin tai dudng thuy II 920 SDR/kiftn hay 2,75 SDR/kg khi hing h6a c i firu bl bi mit. - Niru khdng vin tii dudng thuy thi II 8,33 SDR/kg. - Giao hing: Gidi han trich nhiftm bing 2, sd tiln van chuyin nhung khdng ldn hon ting sd tiln cudc tri cho tiu. - Khi hing van tai bing container, trailer, pallet cttng cd quy dinh: + Nlu hing hda cd kft khai sd bao kiftn trong vin dcm thi kiftn hing dd dugc coi II mdt don vi dl ip dung gidi han trich nhiftm. + Nft'u khdng kft khai sd kiftn trong vto don thi ci container duoc coi li mdt don + Nft'u ban thin container bi mit m i container dd khdng thudc sb httu MTO hay khdng do MTO eung cip thi ci container dugc coi li mdt kiftn (1 don vi) dl de tfnh. Theo qui tic cua UNDTAC/ICC: - Co sb trich nhiftm: Miftn trich nhiftm cho MTO theo mdt sd trudng hop: + L5i hinh vin. + Thiftt hai do chiy, trflrkhi chiy do MTO cd $ giy ra. - Gidi han trich nhiftm: Gidi han trich nhiftm cua MTO 11 666,67 SDR/kiftn (DV) hay 2 SDR/kg khi hing hda c i bl bi mit. Hiftn nay chi ip dung bin qui tic (theo $ mudn) vi cdng udc chua cd hiftu luc. Nft khdng mudn ip dung thi cd thi ip dung chi dQ trich nhiftm u timg ching.

vi-

Cdu 48: Thdng bdo tdn that vd khifu nai ddi vdi MTO.
1. thdng bio tin thit: a/ Vdi tin thit ro rftt: - Phii guri thdng bio bing vin bin cho MTO khdng muQn hon ngiy lim viftc sau ngiy giao hing cho ngudi nhan. - Thdng bio phii kfem theo vin bin dii tich (cd su tham gia chung kiln cua cic bftn vi xic nhan). b/ Vdi tin thit khdng rd rftt. - Ngudi nhan phii guri thdng bio tin thit cho MTO trong vdng 6 ngiy liftn tuc sau ngiy hing duoc giao cho minh. c/ Vdi chim giao hing: - Thdng bio phii gii hing trong vdng 60 ngiy liftn tuc sau ngiy hing hda duoc giao cho ngudi nhin hay sau ngiy ngudi nhin duoc thdng bio da giio hing. - Nft'u khdng cd thdng bio tin thit guri cho MTO trong nhttng thdi han trftn thi viftc giao hing cua MTO duoc coi 11 phii hop vdi md ti cua vin tii DPT. d/ Khiftii nai vdi MTO: 30

Dgi hoc Ngoai thim ng

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B ftp t e m a n v t e t

&3

H6 so khie'u nai bao g6m: - Van don van tai D P T \^^ - Chiing til vSn tii DPT Chung minh cd tdn that siy ra - Chiing tir hda don * - Bifin ban gidm dinh Chung minh gid tri cua t6n that Thdi han giri b h6 so la 6 thang (theo cdng udc) vk 9 thdng 9theo bdn qui tic) > kd til ngdy giao hing hda ddng le phdi duoc giao cho ngudi nhan. Thdi gian dd gidi quySt tranh chip (thu ty vu viec) Id 2 ndm. Cdu 49: Ndi dung cua chting tit Vdn tdi DPT. 1. Tinh chait chung cua hdng h6a, nhimg ki ma hieu chinh dd nhan dang hdng h6a. Tinh cha't nguy hidm cua hdng hoa nfiii c6, s6' luong ki6n, trong luong cd bi vd nhung chi tie't khdc do nguai cung ca'p. 2. Tinh trang ben ngodi cua hdng hda. 3. Ten vd tru sb kinh doanh chinh cia MTO. 4. T6n ngudi giri hdng. 5. T6n ngudi nhdn hdng, ndu do ngudi giri hang chi dinh. 6. Ngdy vd noi md MTO nhan hdng de chd. 7. Noi giao hdng. 8. Ngdy vd thdi gian giao hdng nu c6 th6a thuan gifra cdc ben. 9. Chiing tit van tii DPT luu thdng duoc hay khdng luu thdng duoc. 10. Ngay vd noi cdp chung til vdn tii DPT. 11. Chu ky cua MTO hay ngudi duoc MTO uy quyn. 12. TiSn cudc cho mdi phuong thiic Van tdi nu c6 thda thudn hay tidn cudc do ngudi nhan tra 13. Hinh trinh vdn tai DPT, cdc phuong thiic van tai tham gia vd noi chuyln tdi. 15. Moi chi tit khdc ma cdc ben thoa thuan dua vdo nu khdng trdi vudi luat le cua nude md d d6' chung tir van tai DPT duoc ca'p. Thdy Tufi'n: Chu cd chung tit ndo duoc chuih thiic dp dung chung cho cdc nude tren the' gidi. 1. COMBLDOC (Combined Transport Doccument): Chiing tir van tii lien hop do BIMCO ban hdnh, muc dich Id dd cho cdc chu tdu sur dung khi t6 chiic vdn tii DPT. 2. MULTLDOC (Multimodal Transport Doc): Chiing tir vdn tii do UNCTAD, muc dich dd cdng udc vd vdn tii DPT nSm 80 nhanh chdng cd hieu luc, Ndi dung cua chiing til pM hop vdi ndi dung cua Cdng udc. 3. FBL (FIATA combined transport BL): Van don van tii lien hop IATA, (PLATA: lien dodn qudc te' cua cdc hiep hdi giao nhdn), la chiing til do FIATA ban hdnh, muc dich dd ngudi giao nhan, ngudi gom hdng khi t6 chiic gom hdng hay van tai DPT. 4. Bill of lading for Combined Transport Shipment on port to port shipment. ThSm:
Dac diem cua vdn tai DPT: 1. Nhieu phuong thiic tham gia (trong mot hanh trinh)

Dai hoc Ngoai thirarig

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2. Mdt chting tfirduy nhdt 3. Mdt hop d6ng duy nha't 4. M6t ngudi chiu trdch nhiem cho hing h6a: ngudi td chtic Van tdi DPT. Nguyftn nhdn ra ddi: 1. Do phdi hodn thifen khau phan phdi vat chit (vl vto chuyin hdng. hda tir noi ndy tdi noi khde) 2. Do van tai container phdt triin (dau tifen tfirdu5ng biln) -> bi iin tic container b cdc cdu cdng -> mit can ddi gitta cdc phuong thtic -> edn kft hgp cdc phuong thtic vdn tdi biln vdi cdc phuong thtic van tai khde. 3. Do nhu cdu vdn tdi tit "cita" dfen "cC XNK phdi tham gia vdo vdn chuyin ra": > lifen kft cdc phuong thuc vdn tdi khde. 4. Cdc phuong tifen thdng tin rd't phdt triln: Do lifen kft nfen tao thdnh hdnh trtnh thdng nhdt -> nhttng ngudi td chtic DPT xud't hifen tir dd xudt hifen v&i tai DPT. Chuong V: Chuyen chd hang hoa ngoai phuong bang dudng sdt Cdu 50: Diiu kien vd cach gvd hdng (Chuyinchar bang dudng,sat) 1. Phuong phdp gui hdng: - Gid hdng chuyfen toa: Neu cd khdi luong ldn d i xfep trfen mdt toa. - Gift hdng le: Ndu khdi luong hdng hda nho, khdng du xfejptrfen mdt toa. 2. Diiu kifen giri hdng: - Hdng hda phdi giur theo Id trie la hdng hda duoc chuyfen chd theo mdt gidy gud hdng cua mdt ngudi gud vd citaig mdt ngudi nhdn, ciing mdt ga di mdt ga din, mQt ky han chuyfenchd va ciing mdt thdi gian nhdn linh. - Khi hdng hda dd khdng thuQc difen cdm luu thdng. - Cd thi xfep d9 bang phuong tifen md dudng sit dang cd. - Chu hdng phdi ldm du cdc qui dinh trong gidy gvd hdng. - Don vi hdng 18: + Nfe kifen ddi qua 3,5m thi chu hdng phdi ldm thu tuc xin phip vd duoc ch& u 'p nhdn. + N hang cd trong lugng qud 300kg/kifen hay cd thi rich 2m3 trd lfen thi phdi fe'u cd su ddng y cua giam ddc. - Ddi vdi hang nguyfen toa, hdng hda khdng thi qud ddi, qud rdng, nfe'u Id hdng nguy hilm thi phdi cd su ddng y cua bfen dudng sit. Cdu 51: Gidy gui hdng. 1. Khdi nifem: Gidy gid hdng Id bang chting quan trong nhdt cua vdn'tdi dudng sat, Id bing chting vi hoat ddng vdn tai gitta chu hdng vd bfen dudng sdt, dl tilt khi nhd ga da ky vd ddng ddu vdo gidy gin hdng 6 ga giri thi hoat dQng da dugc kft -> bfen dudng sit chiu trdch nhifem ddi vdi hdng hda. Dudng sdt chiu trach nhifem hdng hda cho dfen ga dfen vd dugc giao cho ngudi nhdn hdng -> cd chtic nang Id bifen lai nhdn hdng. 2. Ndi dung cua gidy gud hdng: gdm 2 phdn. - Phdn do chu hdng diin:

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B&P t o

V$R TK3

+ Ten hang, ky ma hieu hang h<5a, loai bao bi, sd' luong bao kifin, trong luong, thi tfch cua hkng hda. + Ga di, ga din. + T6n ngudi giri hkng, nhan hkng. + Kjr tn vk d6ng da'u. - Phln do dudng sit diln: + Ghi chip vl sd toa xe. + Ghi chip vl cudc phi vk tap chf. + Ddng da'u ghi ngky thdng nhan hkng. Thdng thudng giy giri hkng g6m 5 ban: - CM hkng gift 2 ban: 1 bin gifi lai, 1 bin cho ngudi nhan. - Dudng sit giu 3 ban: 2 ban giOlai, 1 ban giri theo hang. Cau 52: ICi/ han chuyen chd: - Sau khi nhan hkng de chuyln chd, dudng sat cd trach nhiem chuyen chd hang hda an toan, nguyen ven vk dung ky han chuyfen chd. - Ky han chuyen chd lk thdi han dudng sit hdan thknh viec chuyen chd din ga din, duoc tiinh til khi chu hkng xep hang len toa xe, hokn thknh thi tuc chuyen chd, dudng sat ca'p cho chi hkng ban phu gia'y gii hkng, cho deh khi dudng sat bdo tin hkng de'n cho ngudi nhan. - Ky han chuy6n chd bao g6m: + Thdi gian hkng di tren dudng di. + Thdi gian d ga nhan (1 ngky) vk thdi gian d ga giao hkng (mdt vki ngky) + Thdi gian di tren dudng di duoc tinh khdng kl tir ngky sau ngky dudng sat nh|n hkng dl trd vk qui dinh. + Ddi vdi hang nguyen toa chd nhanh: ctr 25km hay chua d i 250km thi tinh lk mdt ngay. + Ddi vdi hang nguyen toa chd cham thi: cu: du 150km hay chua di 250km thi tinh la 1 ngky. + D vdi hang le chd cham thi: Cu du 150km hay chua d i 150km thi tinh lk 1 d~i ngky. + Ddi vdi hkng le chd cham thi: Cd' di 100km hay chua du 100km thi tinh lk mdt ngky. + Ky han mk tau phai ding dl giai quyet cdng viec do dudng nghen mk khdng do Idi cua dudng sit, Idem dich thuc vat, cho sue vat an stfng, sura chfia bao bl, xlp lai hkng hda. - Hkng duoc coi lk chuyen chd ding ky han nlu ga din bdo tin cho ngudi nhan ding hay tntdc ngky cud"i cing cia ky1han. - Nvm dudng sit chuyen chd hkng hda qud ky han qui dinh thi bi phat. Cdu 53: Cudc phi chuyen chd vn thanh todn cudc phi chuyin chd trong chuyen chd hdng hoa bdng dudng sat lien van qudc te? Duoc tinh tdan theo nguyen tic:

Dai hoc Ngoai thim ng

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BftP Jte HT0R V#R T&I 1. Khi chuydn chd gifla cdc ga dudng sit dip nhau thi tidn cudc cua nude gin va nude din dugc tfnh todn theo bing gid cudc dudng sit cua cdc nude dd hay bing gid do hai nude thda thudn. Thanh tdan cudc phf theo nguydn tic: 1. Tiln cudc tren dudng sit nude gid thu cua ngudi gin tai ga giri blng tiln nude gid. 2. Tiln cudc chuyfin chd trdn dudng sit nude din thu cua ngudi nhdn tai ga din bing tiln nude din. 3. Cudc qud canh cd thi thu cua ngudi gdi tai ga di hay ngudi nhdn tai ga din. Cdu 54: Ky han chuyen ch& trong chuyin chd hdng hda dudng sat lien vdn tdi qu6c ti? 1. TTnh tiln thanh toan bd quang dudng cia hdng hda theo dinh mdc vd gdm nhflng thdi gian sau: - Ky han gdi: Tinh chung Id mflt ngdy mOt ddm. - Thdi gian hdng trdn dudng di theo nhflng 15 sau: + Hdng gid cham: gdi nguydn toa hay gdi bing container trong tdi ldn, mdi 1 ldn bit ddu 200km tmh cudc thi tmh bing 1 ngdy ddm. + Hdng le gid chdm: cd m5i 1 ldn 150km tfnh cudc thi tfnh Id 1 ngdy ddm. + Hdng 16 gud nhanh: cd m6i 1 ldn 200km tfnh cudc thi tfnh Id 1 ngdy ddm. + Hdng nguydn toa gdi nhanh hay gdi bing container cd bit ddu 320km tfnh cudc thi tfnh Id 1 ngdy ddm . + Hdng gdi tdc hdnh: cd bit ddu 420km tfnh cudc thi tinh Id 1 ngdy ddm (nguydn toa). - Thdi gian tdu phai ddng dl 1dm nhflng vide sau: + Thu tuc hai quan. + Do bdt kha khdng. + Do thay ddi hda don chuydn chd. + Do vide kilm tra hdng hda xem cd phd hop vdi vdn don khdng. + Cho sue vdt dn udng. + Do hdng hda qud tdi hay sfla chfla bao bl xd ldch. + Tdu ddng do ldi cda chu hdng. - Nhflng trudng hop klo ddi k^ han vdn chuyln. + Duoc keo ddi 2 ngay khi phdi chuyln tdi hdng sang toa cua khd dudng khdc, do thay ddi tru toa xe. + Chuydn chd toa xe qua phd -> thdm 2 ngdy. + Duoc klo ddi 100% ddi vdi nhflng hdng hda qud gidi han. + Dudng sit coi nhu hdan thdnh ky han chuydn chd din ga din nlii nhu hdng din trudc ky han chuydn chd vd cd thi giao cho chd nhdn. + Ky han chuydn chd bit ddu tmh k l td Oh cua ngdy dn djnh xlp ldn toa. + Trong trudng hop phdi luu kho, bao quan tai ga trudc khi xlp hdng tfnh td O h cua ngdy sau ngdy dn djnh xlp hdng ldn toa.

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s a p a n a iQ R

vtw Tftn

Cdu 55: Trdch nhUm cua dudng sat? Mire bdi thudng cua dtt&ng sat (trong chuyin chd hdng hda bang du&ng sat liSn vdn qudc te? 1. Cdng ddng trdch nhifem dia du&ng sat: + Cdc du&ng sat tham gia chuyfen chd hang Mo theo van don cua SMGS phdi chiu trdch nhifem va thuc hifen hop d6ng chuyfen chd trfen tdan bd quang du&ng di cho dfen khi giao hdng hdo tai ga dfen. + Trong tru&ng hop hang hoa dugc vdn chuyfen tifep dfen cdc nude khdng tham SMGS thi phai chiu trdch nhifem da xong thu tuc chuyfen chd theo vdn dotn du&ng sat cua nude hay cua hifep dinh vdn tai khde dd. 2. Pham vi trdch nhifem cua dir&ng sat: + Chuyfen chd hang hda den qud ky han. + M toan bd hay mdt mot phdn hang hoa. d't + Hu hong, m mdt. d't + Ldm mat cdc chung tir kem theo vdn don. + Du&ng sat chiu trdch nhifem khdng vugt qud gid tri cua hdng hda khi hdng h6a bi md't toan bd va khoang th&i gian phai chiu trdch nhifem Id tir khi nhdn hdng cua chii giri tai ga di cho dfen khi duf& sat giao xong hdng cho ngu&i nhdn tai ga dfen. ng * Mifen trach: Du&ng sdt duoc mifen trdch khi hang hda hu hong do: 1. Nhung nguyfen nhdn ma du&ng sdt khdng ngan ngura dugc. 2. Do tinh chd't tu nhifen dac bifet cua hang hda. 3. Do ldi cua chu hang. 4. Do vifec sit dung toa xe khdng mui ma quy chuong cua du&ng sdt nude giri khdng cho phfep nhu vdy. 5. Do ngu&i dp tai cua hang gay ra. 6. Do khdng thirc hifen nhttng hudng ddn, quy dinh cho vifec ap tai. 7. Do bao bi khdng day du. 8. Do kfe khai sai trfen hang hay chuyfen chd nhttng vdt pham khdng dugc cho phep. 9. Nhung hao hut nho hon ty lfe cho phfep. 10. Do chu hang xfep hang vao xe va container khdng thfch hgp cho vifec vdn chuyen hang hda cd lien quan. 11. Do thifeu nhung trong lugng, sd' lugng d trong bao kifen ma vdn con nguyfen ven va vdn con nifem phong, kep chi. * Trong tru&ng hop khdng hoan thanh ky han thi dugc mifen trdch nhifem trong nhttng tru&ng hgp sau: 1. Tdc du&ng do tuyfe't Id, cat Id, hay lu lut trong th& gian nhilu nhdt 215 ngay i theo lfenh cua co quan du&ng sat nude sd tai. 2. Nhung tinh hudng khac md theo lfenh cua chfnh phu nude sd tai ngifng vdn chuyen.
* Mire bdi thudng cua dudng sdt: Khi hang hoa bi mdt toan bd hay mot phdn thi dirdng sdt se bdi thudng hoa dan ban hdng cua ngudi xudt khan cho ngu&i nMp khdu. Nfe'u khdng cd hoa don thi td chitc giam dinh qudc gia xac dinh gid tri.

Dai hoc Ngoai thirong

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BrtPrtRSEr0RV$RTfa 1. N6u gid tri hkng h6a ke khai thi chi b6i thudng theo gid tri da ke khai. 2. Nfiu gid tri hkng h6a khdng ke khai thi chi.phii bdi thudng nhiiu nha't lk 1750SF/kg (SF France Thuy S). Ngoki ra cdn bdi thudng phf hdi quan vk cudc. * Khi hkng hda bi hu hdng hay gidirrchdtTu^ng.dudng sit se bdi- thudng sd tiin tuong ung vdi phdn gid tri bi gidmdo hu hdng dd. * Khi hkng dfih ky han chuyen chd thi phdi bdi thudng: 6% tiin cudc nfiu thdi gian chdm <= 1/10 tdng ky han chuyfin chd. 12% tiln cudc nu thdi gian chdm 1/10 -> <= 2/10 16% tiin cudc nfiu thdi gian chdm 2/10 -> <=3/10 24% tiin cudc nfiu thdi gian chdm 3/10-> <=4/10.. 30% tiin cudc nfiu thdi gian chdm >4/10.

Cdu 56: Yiu cdu bdi thudng vd kiin c&o dan vdn chuyin dudng sit li&n vdn qudc ti?
Yftu cdu bdi thudng: * Theo nguyCn tic: 1. Do ngudi gM hkng d i ra tai gai di hay chu nhdn d i ra tai ga dfin. 2. Gidy yiu cdu bdi thudng blng vdn bdn, ndi r5 If do vk sd tiin ddi bdi thudng. 3. Gidy yfiu cdu ddi bdi thudng phdi duoc tmh dfin cdc co quan cd th in quyin (bd GTVT cua nude dd). Bd hd sO yfiu cdu bdi thudng: Ngoki gidy td co bdn nhu don yfiu cdu bdi thudng, biCn bdn thuong vu cdn phdi cd cdc gidy td sau: 1. Ddi vdi tmdng hgp mdt todn bd: Phdi cd bdn sao hay bdn chfnh gidy gM hkng vk gidy bdo tin hkng dfin (5 td) 2. Hkng dfin qud ky han: phai cd bdn sao hay bdn chfnh gidy gdi hkng vk gidy bdo tin hkng dfin. 3. Ddi tiin cudc tam thu: bdn sao hay bdn chfnh gidy gdi hkng, gidy bdo tin hkng dfin vk nhflng gidy td khdc theo quy chuong dudng sit cua nude dfin hay nude gdi. 4. Hkng hda bi mdt mdt phdn: bdn sao hay bdn chfnh gdi hkng, gidy bdo tin hkng dfin. * Thdi hn trd ldi khifiu nai cua dudng sit lk 180 ngky k i tii ngdy dua don .yfiu cdu bdi thudng theo xdc nhdn cua buu dien hay noi gdi hd so. Kifin cho: 1. Chu hkng chi cd quyin kifin cdo dudng sit khi da dua y6u cdu ddi bdi thudng nhung gidi quyfit khdng thda ddng. Ngudi nko dua don ddi bdi thudng mdi cd quyin kifin. Don phdi dua dfin mOt tda dn tdt cd thim quyin cua nude cd dudng sit bi kiin. 2. Thdi han yiu cdu ddi bdi thudng vk kifin cdc chu hkng ddi vdi dudng sit lk 9 thdng dd'i vdi yfiu cdu bdi thudng thiet hai, hu hdng, tiin phat, tiin cudc tam thu vk lk .... thdng ddi vdi trudng hop chuyin chd qud ky han. 3. Mdc tfnh thdi han:

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42'

B rtP r tR S r a R V $ R T ff3
* Ddi vdi trudng hop hing h6a bi ma't mOt phin, hu hong, giam phim chdt hay hing hda ddn qud ky han tfnh tit ngay giao hang cho c h i nhan. * Ddi vdi trudng hop hang h6a bi mS't toan bd thi tfnh tit ngiy thti 30. Sau khi het han chuyen chd. * Nhttng trudng hop ktidc thi tfnh tit ngiy xdc dinh tinh hudng lim co sd cho viec yfeu ciu b6i thudng. Chuong VI. Chuyen chd hang hda x u it nh$p khau bang dudng hang khdng Can 57: Ddc diem cua van tdi hdng khdng vd van tdi du&ng sdt? 1. Dac diem cua vto tai dudng sat: LTu diem: * Nang luc van chuyen ldn, cdng cu chira hing trSn toa xe cd trong tai ldn (6070 tin) trong tai cfta ca doan tiu 100 nghln - 200 nghln tin. * Td'c dd vto chuyen tuong ddi nhanh. Trung blnh v to chuyen khoang 30-50 km/h, cao hon nhilu so vdi vto tai dudng biln. * Cd kha ning thuc h ita quanh nam, an toin < djnh, lien tuc v i dung gid 5n (chay sudtngiy dfim) * Gid thanh tuong ddi M p , ning xua't lao ddng tuong ddi cao (gid thinh chi cao hon dudng biln mdt chfit). V to chuyin cing d ii cing xa gid thinh cing thip. Vf du: V to chuyin 10km gid thinh 100%. -------22% 50km 200km -----------7% 500km -----------4%. 1000km-----------3%. * Thfch hop ddi vdi vto chuyin hto het cac loai hang hda. Nhuoc dilm: * Tfnh co ddng, tfnh linh hoat k6m. * Chi phf dto tu co sb vat cha't ky thuat cao (dudng ray, ga.cto, dudng ham...tdn kem dac biet khi dia hinh phtic tap) 2. Dac dilm cua vto chuyin hanh khdng Uu dilm: * tuydn dudng la khdng gian v i dudng thang rut ngto khoang cach v to chuyin. * Tdc dd cao 800-1000km/h gap 27 lto tdc dd tiu biln, 10 lto td'c dd d td, 8 lto tdc dd dudng sat. * V to tai an toan nhat. * Thdi gian bay ngto n ta ft gap rui ro, phf bao hilm nho hon 10% v to chuyin dudng b iln . * V to tai htog khdng sit dung cdng nghS cao. * Don gian hda chung tit thu tuc. Nhuoc dilm: * Gia thinh cao gap 8 lto vto t&i dudng biln, 2 - 4 Yto tai dudng sat va d td. * Khdng thfch hop dd'i vdi nhfing mat hing cd gid tri thSp, hing cdng kinh.
khd'i luong ldn.

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ftp t e ET0R v t e t Aj Tinh co ddng linh hoat k6m Ddi h6i vdn ddu tir ldn

Cdu 58: Cffs&phdp I f cua vdn tdi hdnh khdng qudcti?

1.Cdng udc d l thdng nha't mQt sd quy tic v l vin tii hkng khdng qudc t l k f ngky 12-10-1929 6 Vacsava. Hidn nay day lk dao lukt ccr b in 2. C ic nghi dinh thu sira ddi. Nghi dinh thu Hague 29-8-1955 Cdng udc bd sung cho cdng udc Vacsava: Guadalara 1961 ip dung cho trudng hop hkng hda phii van chuyln tir noi di dn blng nhflng h ing hkng khdng khic nhau. Ngudi chuyto chd theo hop ddng. Ngudi chuyen chd thuc t. 3. Hifip dinh MONTREAL 1966: 0 5 sita ddi v l mat gidi han trich nhifira trong cdng udc Vacsava. 4. Ngbi dinh thu MONTREAL 1975 b in s d 1.2,3,4.

Cdu 59: Trdch nhiim cua ngttdi chuyin chd hdng khdng ddi vdi hdng hda.
Co sd trich nhiem theo cdng udc Vacsava: Ngudi chuyn chd hkng phai chiu trich nhiem v l nhflng thiet hai do mt m it, hu hdng hkng hda hay do cham giao hkng nu su cd gay ra mt m it, hu hdng hkng hda dd hay cham giao hknh xay ra trong q u i trinh van tii hkng khdng. Ngudi chuyen chd hknh khdng duoc m iln trich nhiem n lu ho chiing minh duoc ring anh ta/ ngudi 1km cdng hoac dai ly cua anh ta da ip dung c ic bien phip can thiep hop I f d I trinh thiet hai hoac chiing minh anh ta khdng h i ip dung nhOng bien phip phdng trinh nhu viy. Thdi han trich nhiem: Ngudi chuyen chd hknh khdng ph ii chiu trich nhiem v l nhflng thiet hai x iy ra trong q u i trinh v in tii hkng khdng vko khdang thdi gian mk hkng hda n lm dudi su trdng nom b io quan cua ngudi chuyen chd hkng khdng tai cing hkng khdng, trong m iy bay hoic nhflng trudng hop mk m iy bay p h ii ha cinh ngdai cang hkng khdng. Gidi han trich nhiem: 250 France vkng/kg hkng hda c i b!, trd khi ngudi guri hkng da ke khai g ii tri vki phai tri mdt sd phu phf. Hoke 20 USD n lu g ii vkng 43,22 usd/ounce. Thiy Tukn Thdi han trich nhiem: Chiu trich nhiem ddi vdi hkng hda trong q u i trinh v&n chuyln bing m iy bay. Van chuyln bing m iy bay lk q u i trinh hkng hda nlm trong stf b io quin cua ngudi chuyen chd hkn khdng trong m iy bay, trong sin bay vk d b it ky noi nko n lu nhu m iy bay budc phii ha cinh d ngoki cing hkng khdng. V in chuyln blng m iy bay khdng gdm q u i trinh van chuyln bang dudng bd, dudng sdng, dudng biln, trd khi nhlm thuc hifin hoat ddng v |n chuyln blng dudng hkng khdng nhu: nhan hkng, giao hkng hokc chuyln tii hkng hda. Co sd trach nhiem: Phii chiu trich nhiem v l mt m it, hu hai hoac giao cham ( gidng cudc Hamburg do giao cham ) 38

D ai hpc Ngoai th iro ng

Bookbooming

Bftp HR ZH0R V tm TO3

Gidi han trdch nliifem: L I sd' tiln ldn nha't ink ngudi chuyfen chd phai b6i thudng cho 1 kg, 1 dcm vi hing hda nfe'u nhu tinh chsft v i tri gid khdng dugc kfe khai trfen vdn dcm vd luc giao hang. Theo Vacsava: 250 France vkng /1 kg, Hague 1955: khdng quy dinh, khdng phan ddi, Gualajara 1961 khdng quy dinh, Montreal 1966: 9,07 usd / pound ( 20 usd / kg ), Guatemana: 250 France/kg, Montreal 1975: 17 SDR (250 France/kg).

Cdu 60: Thong bdo tSn that vd khieu nai v6i ngitdi chuyin chd hdng khdng?
1/ Ngudi c6 quyin nhdn hdng phai thdng bdo t6n tha't vd khifeu nai doi vdi ngudi chuyfen chd hang khdng trong thdi han sau: * Ddi vdi tdn tha't ro rfet: thi phdi thdng bdo ngay sau khi phdt hifen dugc t6n that d6 hodc khdng mudn hon 14 ngay k l tir khi nh?n dugc hdng. * Trong trudng hgp khde, trong vdng 1-4 ngdy k l tti ngdy nhto hdng. * Ddi vdi trudng hgp nhan giao hdng: trong vdng 21 ngdy k l tir ngdy hang hda dugc dat dudi su dinh doat cua nguoi nhdn. * Trong trudng hgp khdng giao'hang thi trong vdng 120 ngdy k l til ngdy phdt hanh vdn don hang khdng. * Ddi lai tien cudc tarn thu: trong vdng 180 ngay kfe tit ngdy phdt hanh vdn don hdng khdng. 2. Khifeu nai dugc gfri cho nhttng ngudi sau: * Ngudi chuyfen chd hang khdng cd vdn dcm hdng khdng dang sir dung.. * Ngudi chuyfen chd thu nhat. * Ngudi chuyfen chd cudi cdng. * Ngudi chuyfen chd thuc su da gdy ra mdt mdt, hu hong dd. 3. Thdi han di kifen Id 2 ndm k l tir ngdy mdy bay dfen hodc tir ngdy may bay dang le phai dfen hoac tir ngdy vdn dcm chuyfen hdng hda bi dirng. Cdu 61: Vdn don hdng khdng? Khdi nifem: Vdn don hang khdng Id chung tir chuyfen chd hdng h6a bing dudng hdng khdng, Id bdng chting cua hgp dong vdn chuyin hang hda bing mdy bay, Id bing chting cua vifec nhdn hdng d l chd cua hang hdng khdng. Vdn don ndy do hang hdng khdng hodc dai ly cua hang dd cdp vd Id chting tir khdng luu thdng dugc. Chtic ndng: * Ld bang chting cua hop d6ng van tdi dugc ky kfe't gitta ngudi giri hang va ngudi chuyfen chd hang khdng. * Ld bing cua vifec nhdn hdng d l chd cua hang hdng khdng. * Ld hda don thanh toan cudc phf (ghi cudc phf trfen vdn dcm vl tri gid hdng hda cao vd khlng dinh trdch nhifem cua ngudi chuyfen chd). * Ld gidy chting nhdn bdo hilm. * Ld td khai hai quan. * Ld hudng dn ddi v6i nhan vifen hang khdng. *> Cdc loai vdn don hdng khdng.

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B ftp te n ra R V ta T fc r * Airline airway bill: Khdng do 1 hkng hkng khdng nko d6 phdt hkng mk lk mku chung b it ky hang nko eung c6 th din g duoc ddi vdi hkng 16. * Van dcm gom hkng (house AWB) * V in don chii (master AWB). NOi dung c ia vfn dcm hkng khdng: VSn dcm phdt hknh theo bQ gdm 3 bin chinh vk tir 6-12 b in sao (in san khdng p h ii b in photo). *> Ndi dung m it trudc: 1. Sd vkn don. 2. Skn bay xut phat. 3. T6n, dia chi ngu&i phdt hknh. 4. Tham chifiu tdi b in gdc. 5. Ngudi g ii hkng. 6. Ngudi nhto hkng. 7. Dad I f cua ngudi chuyen chd. 8. Tuydn dudng. 9. Phucmg phdp thanh tdan. 10. Ddng tiln thanh todn. 11. M a thanh tdan cudc. 12. Nhfing chi tit v i cudc phf vk chi phf khde. 13. ChO k^ cua ngudi gCri hkng. *> Ndi dung mat sau: 1. Nhung thdng tin lien quan dn thdi han trdch nhiem cua ngudi eung c2p. 2. Nhung dieu kien "diu khoan cua hop ddng", cudc phf, trongjuong tfnh cudc, gid tri hkng bda van chuyen, trdch nhiem cua ngudi eung cp, ludt dp dung, thOng bdo tdn thdt, khidu nai. *> Lap vk phan phdi vkn don: * D ilu vko van dcm. * Phdn phdi cho nhflng ngudi lien quan. * B in gdc: b in 1: mku xanh luc ding cho ngudi chuyen chd da phdt hknh. * B in 2: Mku hdng cho ngudi nhan hkng cin g vdi hkng hda. * B in 3: mku xanh da trdi d in g cho ngudi guri hkng. *> Cdc b in copy: * B in 4: mku vkng cd sin d noi de'n ding cho veic g ii hkng. * B in 5: Mku tring ding cho sdn bay. * B in 6 ,7 ,8 : D ing cho ngudi chuyen chd (ban them) * B in 9: Cho dai \f. * B in 10: Cho ngudi chuyen chd (ban them) * B in 11,12: Cho h ii quan. ** Thky tudn: *> Phan loai vdn dcm: 1. Vkn dcm cua hang hkng khdng:" Airlines Airway bill: Do hang hkng khdng phdt hknh tren do cd bilu tuong vk ma nhan hkng cua hang hkng khidng hofc ngudi chuyen chd phat hknh van don. 40

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BftP

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2. Van don chung l|p : do ngudi khdc chil khdng phdi do hang hdng khdng phdt hdnh (cdc cdng ty giao nhan) 3. Van don gdm hdng hdng khdng (MAWB): vfln don rifing cua ngudi gom hang ca'p cho ngudi giri hdng 16 dirng d l giao nhdn hdng hda. 4. Van don chia (MWAB): cua ngudi chuyen chd hdng khdng cdp cho ngudi gom hdng ding dd giao nhin giua ngudi chuyen chd hdng khdng vdi...

Cdu 62: Cdc phi vdn tdi hdng khdng?

1. Vide phdt hdnh bilu cudc (the air cargo tariff - TACT). * Quy tic tfnh cudc (TACT rules): Phdt hdnh 2 ldn trong 1 n5m thdnh quyln ddy. * Gid cudc Van tai hdng khdng: phdt hndh 2 thdng 1 ldn, chia 2 khu vuc Bic My vd cdn lai. 2. Co sd tmh cudc vd cdc loai cudc: * Co sd tfnh cudc: + Dua vdo trong luong (ddi vdi hdng nang). + Dua vdo thi rich (ddi vdi hdng nhe) - Gid cudc hdng bdch hda (General cargo rules GCR): dp dung van chuyln hdng bdch hda gifia 2 san bay md gifia 2 san bay dd khdng dp dung 1 loai cudc dac biet ndo. Trong luong tdi thilu d i tfnh cudc Id 45kg tfnh gii, giri cdng nhiiu hdng gid cdng ha. - Gid cudc hdng dac biet (specilie commodity rules SCR): dp dung cho 1 sd mat hdng dac biet theo quy djnh cua cdc hang hdng khdng. Thdng thudng thdjp hem GCR muc dfch thu hut khdch hdng tan dung khd nang chuyen chd cua hdng khdng. - Cudc phan loai hdng: (Class rules/ commodity classillication rules): thi hien bing sd % hdng bdch hda vd chd dp dung cho 1 sd mat hdng nha't dinh. Vi du: Cudc ddng vat sdng = 150% GCR. Cudc hdng gid tri cao = 200% GCR Cudc hang sdch bdo, tap chf = 50% GCR - Cudc dp dung cho moi mat hdng (freight all kinds - FAK) muc dfch don gian hda vifec tinh cudc: cdc hdng hda nhu nhau trong cung 1 Id hdng tfnh cudc nhu nhau. Cudc ndy khdng dp dung cho mdt sd' mat hdng: Ddng vat sdng, de hu hdng, gid tri cao. - Cudc container van chuyln bing mdy bay thudng cd trong tdi nho. Cudc container thudng thdp hon cSc cudc thdng thudng. - Cudc URD (URD rates) tmh theo don vi xe'p tren mdy bay.

Cdu 63: Dai ly hdng hda hdng khdng (air cargo agent)?
La trung gian gifia hai ben chu hdng vd hang hdng khdng: Cd hai loai dai ly hang h6a hdng khdng: - Dai ly cua IATA (IATA cargo agent) Ld dad ly giao nhan do cSc thdnh vifen cua IATA thdng qua vd chip nhan 1dm dai ly cho hang, duoc quyln thay mat hang giai quye't m6t sd' cdng viSc. Tieu chuan de trd thanh dia ly cua IATA: + Cd kha nang phdt triln kinh doanh hdng hda hang khdng.
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+ Cd co sd vat chit, ky thuat nh it dinh, kho hing. + G5 d^i ngu nhan vifin c6 trinh dQ v i van tii hing khdng... Ngudi giao nhan van tii hing khdng (air freight for warders) cd thi lk dai IATA, cd flil khdng phii. Ngudi giao nhan van tii hing khdng cd th i gom hing vk c6 them m<Jt sd dich vu khic (so vdi dai ty).

Cdu 64: Trdch nhiim cia ngudi chuyin chd hdng khdng Viit Nam.
1. Co sd trich nhiem: * Ngudi chuyen chd cd trich nhiem bdi thudng thiet hia do.m it m it, hu hdng cua hing hda do viec cham che x iy ra trong vin chuyln hing hda n iu ngudi chuyen chd hing khdng chiing minh dugc l i anh ta, dai ty, hay ngudi lim cdng cua anh ta da ip dung ohung bien phip d l trinh thiet hai. * Ngudi chuyfin chd hing khdng dupe miSn trich nhiem trong nhflng trudng hop sau: + Hing bi b it do n h i cim quyin hay tda in. + Hing bi hu hdng do die tfnh tu nhien hay khuylt tit vdn cd cua hing hda. + Hing hda bi m it m it, hu hai do xung dijt vfl trang. + Hing hda bi m it m it, hu hai do I5i cua ngudi gid hing. 2. Thdi gian trich nhiem: Ngudi chuyen chd phii chiu trich nhiem v i hing hda trong qu i trinh vin chuyen bing m iy bay duoc tfnh tir thdi diim ngudi vin chuyin nhin hing hda d i vin chuyin tit ngudi gtd hing din Me ngudi v in chuyin giao hing cho ngudi nhin. 3. Gidi han trich nhiem: L i 200 USD/kg nhung khdng v<?t q u i g ii tri thuc t i tai noi din.

Cdu 65: Khiiu nai vd bdi thudng v i hdng hda trong vdn tdi hdng khdng Viit Nam?
1. K hiiunai: * Bd hd so khiiu nai: + Thu yeu ciu bdi thudng k&m theo bing tfnh tiin bdi thudng. + Bien bin v i t6n thit. + V in don gdc. + Hda don thuong mai. t Luoc khai hing hda (gargo minifest) + Phiiu ddng gois (packing list) G iiy td, thu tir trao d6i gifla 2 ben lien quan. * Thdi han khiiu nai: + 14 ngiy k i tir ngiy nhin hing trong trudng h<yp hing hda thiiu hut hu hdng. + .... ngiy k i til ngiy nhin hing trong trudng hop hing bi m it. + 21 ngiy k i tir ngiy ding le phii'giao hing trong trudng hop hing chim. + Thdi gian hang hing khdng tri ldi khiiu nai l i 30 ngiy k i tC n giy nhan du<?c r hdso. + Thdi gian di kien l i 1 nim k i tir ngiy hing hda vin chuyin d in noi din hay k i tir ngiy ding ke hing p h ii din hay k i tir ngiy viec vin chuyin bi dirng lai. 42

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* Bdi thudng: + NCtu hkng hda bi m it mdt thifeu hut -> b6i thudng sd luong hkng h6a bi md't mdt hokc thifeu hut. + Nfe'u hkng h6a bi mdt mdt do moi m6c, rach vk duoc hang hkng khdng Viet Nam phit hifen trudc khi rdi khdi noi giao hkng hay rdi khdi khu vuc hii quan se duoc bdi thudng theo gid tri ke khai cua hkng hda bi mit. + hkng hda bi hu hdng, bi giam ph&n chit -> bdi thudng theo mtic giim gid tri thuong mai. Chuong VIII: giao nhkn hkng hda xuk't - nhkp khu chuyfin chd bing dudng biln.

Cdu 66: Khdi niim, ndi dung cua nghiip vu giao nhdn?
TL: Khai nifem ve nghifep vu giao nhto: La tap hop cic nghifep vu, thu tuc lifen quan dfen qud trtnh vto tdi nham thuc hifen vifec di chuyin tilt noi giti hkng dfen noi nhto hkng hay tir ngudi ngudi dfe'n ngudi nhto.

Ndi dung cua nghifep vu giao nhan gdm:

Chudn bi hkng hda d l chuyen chd. Td chtic chuyfen chd hkng hda trong pham vi ga cang Td chtic xfep dd hkng hda. Lkm tu vto cho chi hkng trong vifec chuyfen chd hkng hda. K# kfet hop ddng vto tai vdi ngudi chuyfen chd, thufe tku luu cudc. Lkm thu tuc giri hkng, nhto hkng. Lkm thu tuc hdi quan, kilm nghifem, kilm dich Mua bio hilm cho hkng hda Lftp cdc chting tit cin thifet trong qui trinh giri hkng, nhto hkng thanh todn. Thanh tdan thu d6i ngoai tfe Nhto hkng tit chu hkng giao cho ngudi chuyfen chd vk giao cho ngudi nhto Thu xfep chuyin tai hkng hda Nhtoh hkng tit ngudi chuyfen chd giao cho chu hkng. Gom hkng, lua chon tuyfen dudng, phucmg thtic vto tai vk chuyfen chd thfch hop. Ddng gdi bao bi, phto loai tdi ch i hkng hda. Luu kho, bao quan hkng hda Nhto vk kilm tra cdc chting tir cto thife't lifen quan den su vto ddng ciia hkng hda. Thanh todn cudc phi, chi phi xfep dd, luu kho, luu bai. Thdng bdo tinh hinh di va dfe'n cua cdc phucmg tifen vto tii. Thdng bao tdn thdt vdi ngudi chuyfen chd. Gitip chu hkng trong vifec khifeu nai ddi bdi thudng. Ngoki ra ngudi giao nhto hay kinh doanh dich vu giao nhto con eung ckp cdc dich vu dac bifet theo yfeu cdu cua chu hkng.
Cdu 67: Vai trd, tac dung cua ngudi giao nhan trong thucmg mai qudc le? 43

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DftP t o m 0R V to T&3 TL: Ngu5i giao n h ta bien gidi: Hoat ddng tai khu vuc bien gidi vdi vai tr& m6i gidi hai quan, sau d6 md rdng phuc vu cd hkng xudt nhap khiu, thud tku. Chiic nSng dai ly: Lk chiic nSng truyln thdng. Nhan fiy thdc til mdt ngudi c h i hkng d l lo nhfing cdng vide v l hkng hoa vk hoat ddng d l bdo vd loi fch c ia chu hkng lkm trung gian gifia ngudi giri hkng vk ngudi van tai. ngudi vfn tdi vk ngudi nhan hkng, ngudi bdn vk ngudi mua. Lkm dai duoc nhan hoa hdng vk khong chiu tdn theft v l hkng hda" vk chiu trdch nhidm v l hknh vi c ia minh vk khdng chiu trdch nhiem v l hknh vi cua ngudi mk anh ta thud hay ngudi lkm cdng. Lkm chiic nang luu kho, luu bai hkng hda. Trong trudng hop phdi luu kho hkng h6a trudc khi xudt khiu hay sau khi nhdp khiu ngudi giao nhan se lo lidu dd hkng bang phuong tidn cua minh hay thud cua ngudi khdc vk phan phdi hkng hda n lu cin. Chiic nang chuyln tki vk tilp g ii hkng hda: Khi hkng hda phii chuyln tai hay qud canh qua nude thu: ba, ngudi giao nhan se lo Ii6u th i tuc qud canh hay td chiic chuyln tki hkng hda til phuong tien van tii nky sang phuong tien van tai khdc hay giao hkng d in tay ngudi nhkn. Lkm chic nkng ngudi gom hkng: trong vdn tdi blng container dich vu gom hkng lk khdng th i thilu duoc, nham b iln hkng le thknh hkng nguyen d l tan dung stic chcr cua container vk giam cudc phf vdn tdi. Khi lk ngudi gom hkng, ngudi giao nhdn cd th i se ddng vai trd lk ngudi cung c3p hay chi lk dai ty. Ngudi chuyen chd: Cd th i ddng vai trd ngudi chuyen chd theo hop ddng hay ngudi chuyen chd thuc tl. Phai chiu trdch nhiem v l nhfing hknh ddng cua minh vk c ia ngudi mk anh ta s i dung dich vu, chiu trdch nhiem v l hkng hda tren chang dudng chuyen chd. Ngudi kinh doanh vdn tai (MTO): trong trudng hop ngudi giao nhan cung cdp dich vu van tai di sudt hay cdn goi lk vdn tdi c ia din c ia thi ngudi giao nhan da ddng vai trd lk ngudi kinh doanh van tdi DPT (MTO), MTO cung lk ngudi chuyen chd vk phdi chiu trdch nhiem ddi vdi hkng hda.

Cdu-68: Nguyen tdc giao hdng hda XNK tai cdng biin V iit Nam? Nhiim vu cua chu hdng ngoai thitcmg trong giao nhdn hdng hda XNK?
TL: Nguyen tic giao nhdn hkng hda tai cang biln Viet Nam: Nguyen tac giao nhan gdm: + Giao nhdn.(vdi tku nhu th i nko, lkm thu tuc gl) + Bde dd (ciu hkng t i tren xudng...) + Bdo qudn (luu kho hkng hda tai cdng) Hkng luu kho lk hkng trudc khi x lp hkng 16n tku vdi hkng xudt khiu hoac sau khi nhan hkng t i tku phai luu kho. Nguy6n tdc chung: Viec bde dd, giao nhdn tai cang duoc thuc hien trdn co sd hop ddng k^ k it gifia cdng va c h i hkng tiic lk trong cdc phdn vide trdn phdi cd hop ddng. Cdc td chic, cd nhdn cd khdi luong hkng ft khong chu ddng k^ hop ddng duoc thi bde do, giao nha vk bdo qudn du<?c thuc hien theo thdng Id qudc t l vk p h i hop vdi phdp ludt Vidt Nam. 44

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Bookbooming

uto to men vto Tra

Nguyfen tic cu thi: * 1. Nguyfen tac giao nMn: "Trich nhifem giao nhto hang h6a thudc chu htog: - N hto bang phuong thtic nao thi giao bing phuong thtic fly. 1. Giao nhto nguyen bao, kien, bo, ttoi, cay, chife'c. + Giao nhto nguyfen Mm, cap chi. + Giao nhto theo sd' luong, trong lucmg hoac th i tfch. + Giao nhto theo man nude. + Giao nhto nguyfen container. + Giao kfe't hop Chu hang phai t6 chtic giao nhto htog h6a, vifec giao nhto htog h6a phai dam bao dinh mtic xfep d9 cua cang, nfe'u khdng dip ting cang yfeu ciu: + Dua htog vto kho cua cang. + Vdi htog nhap kMu: cang co quyin do htog ra khdi tto dua htog h6a vio kho cua minh. + Vdi tru&ng hop khdng nhto htog thi dd htog va dua vto kho. - Htog hoa thdng qua cang phai cd d ly du ky ma hifeu trit htog ddi, trln, vdi container thi sd' hifeu container ro itog, tinh trang ky thuat nguyfen nifem chi nguyfen. Cang nhto htog cho ngudi nhto htog theo nguyfen tac sau: + Ngudi Mhn htog hda phai xufit trtnh chting tfit hop 16 xic nhto quyin vdi htog va chting tit thanh toan cdc loai phf cho cang. + Ngudi nhto htog phai nhto lifen tuc trong mdt thdi gian nha't dinh toto bd luong htog hda trfen vto don. + Cing nhto htog theo phuong thtic Mo thi giao htog theo phuong thtic ly. 2. Nguyfen tic xfejp dd: - Vifec xfep dd htog hda trong pham vi gia cing do cing t6 chtic thuc hifen. Trudng hop chu hang muon dua ngudi v i phuong tifen vio cing d l bde dd thi phii duoc su ding $ cua cang v i tra cac chi phi lien quan. - Vifec bd'c dd phii duoc tiln hinh theo dinh mtic do cing qui dinh. - Vdi htog phii bao vfe dac bifet ho|c hing nguy hilm thi chii hing phii bao cho cang bifet tnrdc. - Cing cd quyin tir chd'i dd nhung ld htog khdng cd k^ ma hifeu hoac ky ma hifeu khdng ro ring hoac khdng dam bio an toan khi bde dd. 3. Nguyfen tic bao quin: - Cing cd trich nhiem bao quin hing hda luu kho bai thoe dung ky thuat v i thfch hop vdi timg vto don. - Cing cd quyin tit chd'i vifec bao quin v i luu kho bai vdi hing khdng cd ky ma hifeu hoac ky ma hifeu khdng rd rang trong vifec bde dd hang hda. Trudng hop 1: Ngudi nhto tu dua phucmg tifen vio xip dd, htog hda khdng liru kho thi chi thoa thuto vdi cing. Trudng hop 2: Hing khdng luu kho, ky hop ddng xip dd. Trudng hop 3: Htog luu kho tai cang kjy hop ddng xip dd v i hop dong b io qu an . Nhifem vu cua chu hang Ngoai thuong trong giao nhan htog hda XNK: 2.1. Ky hop ddng uy th&c, bd'c d& v i bio quin.
45

D ai hoc N goai th ira n g

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t o t o m t o v t o Tfcr 2.2. Cung cip cho cing nhfing thOng tin v l hing hda v i tiu vie chting tir edn thit. Vdi hing nhip khiu: Luge khai hing hda (cargo manifest) so dd hdm hing (cargo plan) chi tilt (tronghdmcd nhfing hing Tiio)-chting-tti-thdng bio-vl hing qud khd v i hing hda qui tii, v in don. Vdi hing xuJft khlu: Luge khai hing hda, so d6 hdm hing, tifin hinh xip dd, bio quin hing hda nlu khdng iy thi c cho cing, theo doi qui trtnh giao nhin de giii quylt vain dl phit sinh. L ip cic chting tilt cin thilt trong qui trtnh giao nhin dl cd co sb khilu nai cic bfin lien quan, thanh tdan mgi chi phf phit sinh cho cing. * H ii qruan cd nhiem vu trong vide giao nhin: Lim thu tuc h ii quan, thuc hifin vi6c kilm tra, giim sdt kilm soit hii rquan vdi hing hda xuift nhip khu, tiu biln. Tin hinh cic b ita phip phit hien, ngin chin, dilu tra xvt \ f hinh vi buon liu gian liu thuong mai. * Cang cd nhiem vu: K f k it hop ddng giao nhin, bde dd v i bio quin. Giao hing xuit khlu cho giu v i nhin hing nhip khiu tir tiu Tiln hinh xip dd Tiln hinh bio quin hing h6a. Giao hing nhip khiu cho cic chu hing trong nude theo su uy thde cilia hing. Trich nhiem ctia cing vdi tdn th2ft: Nhung tdn thit cua hing hda do minh giv nfin trong qui trtnh giao nhto, vin chuyin xip dd. Hing hda luu kho bai cua cing bi hu hdng, tdn. thit n lu ciing khdng chting minh dugc l i mlnh khdng cd ldi.

MiSn trich nhifem cua cang:

Hing da ra khdi kho bai cita cing. Hing bao bi vin edn nguyen, diu chi vin edn. Do k ma hi6u hing hda bi sai hoic khdng ro.

Cdu 69: Trinh tu giao nhdtt m$t 16 hdng xutit khdu tai cdng?
Cin cti vio ETA tiln hknh lim thu tuc xujft khlu._ Hda dcm. P/L (packing list) C/O (certificate origin) Td khai h ii quan. Xuit trtnh td khai hai quan ciing vdi cic chting tfif. H ii quan kilm tra chting tit v i ra ngay thdng bio thu! H ii quan tiln hinh kilm hda. Im h lai thul Khi tiu din v i NOR dugc chip nhin thi chuyen chd hing h6a ra cing. Cing tiln hinh x ip hing hda len tiu. Liy bien lai thuyin phd. 46

Dai hoc Ngoai thuOng

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ftp t o ar&a vfm ffa

LSy vfln don Lay bd chiing tit thanh tdan tiln hkng Th6ng bao ngudi mua bie't vi Viec giao hkng, ngky gid tku ddi cdng, Ke todn chi phi vdi ngudi xuit khiu. Hang luu kho: Qua 2 budc a. giao hkng cho cdng ddng thdi gian cdc chung tir. Danh muc hkng hda xuSt khiu. Giy phep xua't khiu. Thdng b5o x6jp hang cua hang tku. Chi din xS'p hkng b/ Cing giao nhan cho tku: Can cii vko ETA di lam th i tuc hdi quan Cang tie'n hknh chuyen chd hang h6a ra cang Cang tie'n hanh giao cho tau Lay MR (bifin lai thuyn phd) Lap v |n don ThOng bdo cho ngudi mua Lap bd chtfng tir thanh toan Ket toSn chi phf vdi ngudi xua't khiu Hang ddng trong container Hang nguyn Dang ky luu cudc vdi hang tau, hang tku cSp lenh giao vd container Dua container rdng vi co sd cua minh de ddng hkng. Lkm thu tuc hai quan, niem phong kep chi Giao container cho ngudi van chuyen tai CY Lay bien lai thuyln phd, Iky van don, thdng bao... Hang le: Luu cudc vdi ngudi chuyen chd. Mang hang de'n giao cho ngudi chuyen chd tai CFS hoac ICD Lkm th i tuc hai quan LSy bien lai thuyen phd

Cdu 69: Trinh tu giao nhan mdt 16 hdng nhdp khau tai cdng?
- Vdi hkng khdng luu kho: Khi nhkn duoc NOR va chap nhan NOR xuSt trinh van don gdc hang tau true tiep nhan hang tir tku. Dua hkng v i kho rieng de kiem hda. Lkm thu tuc hai quan. - Lap td khai: Xua't trinh td khai cSc chung til (van don, hda don, phiSu ddng gdi, CO) Hang phai liru kho: Cang nhan hkng tir tau Cang tie'n hknh phan hang cho cac chu tku GiSy gidi tliieu cua co quan 47

D ai hoc Ngoai th u o n g

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Bftp t o ar^R v to t&i

D6'n hang tiu n h ta DO (delivery order) D6ng phf luu kho, phf xfi'p dd va liy bifin lai Cim bi6n lai cin g 3 b in DO gap v3n phdng q uin ty tiu d l ky x ic nhan DO v i tim vi tri hing, v in phdng quin ty tiu se gifl 1 b in DO Mang 2 ban DO cdn lai d in ph6ng kho v in d l lim philu x u it kho Nhan hin g v i lim thu tuc had quan H ing nh ip bing container H ing nguyfin Mang van don gdc v i giSty gidi thiSu ly 2 bin DO Mang DO d in h ii quan lim thu tuc v i ding lty kilm soit Mang DO din van phdng quin ly tiu d l k^ x ic nhin DO l i philu x u it kho v i nhin hing, dua hing v l co sd d l tiln h in h kilm h6a. 2. H ing 16: -O fy D O . N hin h in g tai CFS lim th i tuc h ii quan tai. diy - Dua h in g v l kho cua minh MQt s 6 c in chu y: Trudc hi dd nfin lip chiing tfir giim dinh M u tiu Vdi h ing h6a tdn th it ro rSt COR. L ip thu du khing LOR Sau khi nh in hing xong lip ROROC (sd luong hing minh thuc n h in tir tiu) Trong trudng hop hing thilu, lip CSC giy (chtfng nhin hing thilu) Trong trudng hop nghi ngd c6 tdn th it thi mdi giim dinh

Cdu 70: Ngudi giao nhan Id ai? Co trdch nhiim gi?

Ngudi giao nhin l i ngudi kinh doanh dich vu giao nhin: Chu thi: - Chu tau (md rdng pham vi kinh doanh) Cdng ty x lp dd i i kho hing - Ngudi giao nhin chuy&n nghifep. B it ky mdt ngudi n io cd d ing k kinh doanh trong Tfnh vuc giao nhin. Chiic n5ng cua ngudi giao nhin - Mdi gidi hai quan - L im dai ty - Lo lieu, chuyln tii v i tilp giri h in g hda - Lim kho hing hda - L i ngudi kinh doanh vin tai da phuong thiic Trich nhiem: Trong moi trudng hop (dai ty, ngudi giao nhin) cdn phii lim: - T iln hin h chim sdc hing hda da tiln h inh uy thic - Thuc hifin dung nhfing chi din c ia khich hing v l nhung vin d l lifin quan - Ngudi giao n hin khdng tu minh cam k it mdt ngiy giao h ing nht dinh tai diim din.

48

D ai hoc Ngoai th iro n g

Bookboom ing

BfiPrtRflJ0RV$RTH3
Ngudi giao nhan gifi h in g khi kM ch hang cua minh khdng thanh t6an cdc khoan phi. Khi lk dai ly: Ngudi giao n h in khdng ch|u trdch nhiem vft hknh vi hayb sai s6t m a cua ben thtf mil m a anh ta sir dung dich vu, chi chiu trdch nhiftm vft cdc so xu&'t. Giao hkng khdng dung chi d5n Thift'u s6t trong viftc mua b io him m |c dii cd chi d in Thift'u s6t trong khi lkm thii tuc hai quan Chd hang dft'n sai noi quy dinh Giao hang mil khdng nhdn tiln tir ngudi nhdn hkng Tdi xua't ma khdng theo cac thu tuc cSn thift't hodc khdng hoan lai thuft' Nhfing thiftt hai v6 tki san vk ngudi cua ngudi thti ba mk anh ta gky nftn, ngudi giao nhan khdng chju trdch nhiftm v i nhfing hknh vi so su it cua bftn thti ba miftn la anh ta chung m inh duoc rang minh da tift'n hknh mdt cach thfch ddng. Khi la ngudi chuyen chd: a. Ngudi chuyftn chd hop ddng (contracily carrier) b. Ngudi chuyftn chd thuc su (actual carrier) chiu trdch nhiftm v i m oi hanh vi. Miftn trdch: Do ldi khach hang hoac ngudi duoc khach hkng uy thdc. Khach hkng ddng gdi va ghi ky ma hiftu khdng phu hop Do noi ty hodc ban chat cua hang hda Do chift'n tranh va dinh cdng Do cac trudng hop b&'t kha khdng khde Ngudi giao nhdn. khdng chiu trach nhiem v i md't khoan I d mk dang le khdeh hang duoc hudng. Khdng chiu trdch nhiem do giao nhdn cham trft, sai dia chi khdng do ldi cua minh. Thdi han khieu nai 9 thdng. Ccui 71: Nhung to c h ia giao nhan tren the gidi vd. Viet Nam ? Trftn the gidi: E Vansai (tliuy Si 1522) dich vu giao nhdn My co khoang 1400 cdng ty, Nework 673, Anh 1000 cdng ty, London 47 cdng y, Viet Nam 160 cdng ty trong dd nhieu cdng ty la dia chi cua nha nude. FIATA: Lien doan cdc hiftp hdi giao nhdn. Cd hai loai hdi viftn: Hoi vien chfnh thuc: Hiftp hdi giao nhdn cua cdc nude. Viet Nam cd VfFAS: hiftp hdi giao nhdn cua Viet Nam. Hdi vien hop tac: Cdc cdng ty giao nhdn Muc dfch thanh ldp cua FIATA. Bao vft va tang cudng loi fch cua ngu&i giao nhan trftn pham vi quo'c te. Ndng cao chit luong dich vu giao nhdn va vdn tai. Xtic den qud trinh dcm gian hda va thdng nhd't chung tir va cdc dieu kiftn kinh doanh tiftu chudn nhdm cai tift'n chd't luong dich to cua hdi viftn. Dab tao nghiep vu d trinh dd qud'c tft.

49

D a i h o c N g o a i th u o n g

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B ftp h r

mdn vftn T fti

TSng cudng cac quan he phdi hgp trong cdc td cM c giao nhan vdi chu hkng vk ngudi chuyn chcr VIFAS: Khoa hoc dko tao nghiep vu giao nhan d V iet Nam. Tai Viet Nam 1970: Bd Ngoai thuong thknh lap 2 td chiic giao nhan. - Cue kho v |n ki6m tdng cdng ty giao nhan ngoai thuong. - Cdng ty giao nhan dudng bd 1976: Bd thuong mai sdt nhap 2 td chiic lap ra t6ng cdng ty kho van vk giao n h |n Ngoai thuong VJLETRANS (13 Nam D6) tlft ca hkng hda xudt nhap khiu phai duoc uy thde qua Vietrans, tur khi ddi mdi Vietrans khdng cdn ddc quy&i nay cd 160 td chiic giao nhan. 1994 VIFAS ra ddi. 1998:13 cdng ty cua Viet Nam lk thknh vien c ia FIATA. C o sd phdp ty (ngudn luat diu chinh) - Cdc van b in quy pham pM p luat cua Viet Nam vS giao nhan van tdi cdc chinh sach chung vS hkng hda xucft nhap k h iu vk hai quan. + ngi dinh 114 HDBT 4/1992: q u in ty chung cua NN \& hkng hda XNK + Phdp lenh cua hdi quan 20/2/90 - Ngh| dinh 174 HDBT 27/5/91: thu tuc vk le phf h ii quan. Cdc quy dinh v l giao nhan: + Bd luat hkng h ii Viet Nam 1990. + Luat thuong mai 97 + Quyt dinh 2406 ngky 23/8/97 th 16 giao nhan, bde xfijp tai c ing bidn Viet Nam. + Diu kien kinh doanh tieu chuln do VIFAS phdt hknh + Quyt dinh 305 BH 9/8/90 Luat qudc te: + Cdng udc vien 1980; quy dinh v6 budn bdn hkng hda qudc te'. + Cdng udc qudc t6 v6 van tii: Hague, Hague Visby, Hamburg, Vacsava... + UCP500 + INCOTERMS 2000 Cdc loai hop ddng + Hop ddng mua bdn + Hop ddng thufi tku + Hop ddng uy thao giao nhdn + Hop ddng b io hiem + L/C

50

D ai hoc N goai th u a n g

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EpSl c. DDU d.DES 11. 666,67 SDR li mure boi thirdng cua cong udc nao a. Hague 1924 b. Hamburg 1968

d.N PT SDR 12. Vdi tir cach li ngudi chuyen cho, MTO chi chiu trich nhi$m a. do hanh vi v i loi lam cua minh gay ra b. do hanh vi v i I6i lam cua ngiroi lam cdng ho{tc d?i ly cua minh c. do hanh vi v i ldi lam cua b h ky ngudi nio khac m i MTO sir dyng djch v\i nhu th i hanh vi v i loi lam dd l i cua minh

e. a&c dung f. fat ca cic dip an trSn (3. Ngudi chuyen chdpljai chiu trach nhiem khi a. an tl, n$i ti cua hirrg hoa b.chay

14. trong vjn tii da phuomg thirc, hinh thiic trich nhi?m nio sau dSy c6 th i c6: a. tCmg ch^ng b. chung cho tat ca gggm aaagi d. ko cd dip in nio dung 15. Theo qui tic Hague thi gidi han trach nhiem li: a. 100 <5RB/dvi hang h6a hav I kien liana b. 2,5 SDR/kg hing hoa c i bi: network liability system uniform liability system trag 280

D ai hoc N goai th u o n g

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c. 10.000 Fr vang/dvj hang hoa hay I ki?n hang d. 30 Fr vang/kg hing h6a c i bi; 16. Theo qui tac Hague - Vis by thi gidi h?n trich nhiem la: a. 835 SDR/dvj hang hda hay 1 ki?n hang b. 2,5 SDR/kg hang hoa ca bi;

a. 17. Theo qui tic Hamburg thi gidi h?n trich nhi^m la:

c. 10.000 Fr vang/dvj hing hda hay 1 kin hing d.30 Fr vang/kg hing h6a c i bi; 18. 1 MU tucmg dirong vdi a. 1 USD b. 1 SDR

e. c i c&d deu dung f. Ko c6 dap an dung 19. C ic chung tir nao do B1MCO phit hinh

c. MULTIDOC d. AWB

f. c&d dung g. Tat ca deu dung

D a i hoc N goai th u o n g

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h. Ko co dap an dung 20. Ngiriri giao nh?n co thi la ngudi nao trag 322 a. MTO b. Ngiriri chuyen cho c. Da i ly EATA S im 2 1. Phit trien van tai bien tang thu ngo?i t? do? a. chuyen cho hang xuit nhap khau trong nu6c b. chuyen chcr hing cho nirfrc ngoai c. chuyin chcr hing hoi n6i dja d. T it ca dip in tren e. Ko dip an dung 22. Circc tau ch<? lufin cao vi a. bao gdm c i chi phi xip d3, b. on djnh, c. da phAn tiu kh6ng diy hing, d. c i 3 23> Ngiriri giao hing xuit nhip khau la ai? a. Cing bien b. Chu hing c. Nguiri chuyen chd d. Ngircri kinh doanh v|n tai DPT e. Tatca dip in tren 24. VIFFAS l i gi a. Hi?p hi giao nh|n vin tii qu6c te b. Hiep h$i van tii hing khong qudc te c. l liep hoi giao nhan v i kho van Viet Nam

D ai hoc N goai th u o n g

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d. T6 chiic hing khdng din dyng qudc td e. Ko dp in dung 25. Trong vfin tii da phuong thuc ngiriri kf ph it vjln don c6 thi li a. ngircri chuyin chd thyc td, b. ngiriri chuyin chdr h<?p ddng, c. ci 2. d. ko ai c i 26. Trong hgp ddng thui tiu chp, ghi FI dd trinh a. tri 2 ldn cudc phf, b. tri 2 fin phf dd hing, c. tra 2 l^n phi xep hine e. ko d ip in dung 27. Nguyin nhSa chinh ra dcri cua v |n tii container a. t?o vifc lim, b. c ii tidn ky thu^t, c. giam chi phi. d. tidt kiim thiri gian e. tat ci dap in b in f. ko dip in dung 28. V$n dcm theo Jinh c6 thd li a. v |n don hoin hio, b. vfn don nhjn dd xdp, c. ci 2. d. ko dip in dung 29 Trach nhifm chung minh ldi trong Hague-Visby thu$c vd A neuiri xudt kliMi b. ngiriri nhap khAu

D a i hoc N goai th iro n g

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c. ngiroi chuyin chcr d. Ko ai ca 30. Trach nhiem chiing minh loi trong Hamburg thuc ve a. ngirds suit khiu b. neirori chuven clicV c. t6a an d. trpng tii e. ko ai ca 31. L6i bang v|ki dupe miln trach trong a. Phuong thtrc thui tiu chg b Ouv tic Hazue-Visbv 1968 c. Quy tic Hamburg 1978 d. Phuong thiic thue tiu chuydn e. Tat c i dap in trSn f. Ko dip an dung 32. WWDSH Inc, WWDSHEX, WWDSHEXEU, WWDSHEXUU a. bin chit li mpt b. ban chit khac nhau hoan toan c. khac nhau ddi chut d. tuy tmg TH e. Ko dip in diing Ngoii ra c6n m$t s6 ciu h6i v l UNCTAD (khoing 2-3 ciu), mt s6 cau hdi ve NOR, COR, LOR (L/R), CSC, Survey Report.. cua 0 diy.ttf lim th i nay ,m<ji ngirtri xem h? xem sai chS nio m i tdi 14 c iu l$n 1.Ciu nio dung nhit. Vjn tii gom sy di chuyin cua nguiri theo m$t mge dfch nhat-djnh V |n tii ghm s\r di chuyln ci'ia Hing hda theo rr.gt myc dfch nhit djnh A v i b deu ding A v i b dlu sai 2. cau nio ko dung van tii la nganh sin xuat die biet vi c6 cdng cu lao dflng.doi tunnt'Jao done v i sue lao ddng

D ai hoc N goai th u o n g

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San pham nginh vin tai ko dy trS dugc Sx nganh v?n tai tic dyng thay <36i ve mjt ko gian dt chuyen chd So nginh v$n tii ko ton tai dgc l$p qua trinh s in xuat I ai li ngucrj Ijo v |n don dudng bien N^irdi giri hing INgudi n h |n hing Ngudi gom hing Chu tiu 4,container ra ddi li cd tac dyng ldn nhat Giam chi phi 5,c6 may dieu k ifis d vjn tai dudnu hietttrongjncoterm 2000 2 3 5

S
6,ngudi gianh dugc quyen thue tiu phai Chju trach nhiem thanh todn Irfrc tiep toin bg hay mpt phdn cudc phi cho ngu&i chuyin chd Chiti t r ic h nhiem thanh todn Irirc t in loan bd hav moi phhn cU&c phi cho neic&i cftuvin chd

dtrdrns bien

t7.ngudi nhip khau thudng chQn mua d thi trudng

dia FOB thip

g ii FOB trugn binh G ii FOB cao Khong y nao hoin toin chinh xac 8, >u|t n io dieu chinh CP(cSu niy td ko cd) Ludn ludn l i lu$t anh Ludn ludn l i my Ludn ludn li phap Tuy thoa thuan 9,ndi the n io li dung Nghj djnh thu hague-visby Ouv tic haeue-visbv Nguon lu jt hague-visby Ko cau n io dung 10Lu|t nao dieu chinh B L Nghi dinh thu SDR 1980. Cdng brusxell 1929 Quvt&c hagUevisbv 1968 Quy tic haburg 79 II Trgng tii cua tiu la Sue chd cua tiu duoc tinh bing tin dii d mdn nude t6i da vc mua ddng mua hd hoic d viing biin cd lien quan tuv time trudng hon 12 h3 s6 xep hing cua tiu li m6i lign h i giOa dung tich cua tau v i trong tii tinh cua tiu 13 Chinh phu vi^t nam tham giao ccr quan nio IATA AAPA AFFA

D ai hoc Ngoai th u o n g

Bookboom ing

14
Tau cho hang hoa thi cho' Hang hoa va so it nguoi Ngiroi Ko can nao dung 15.hien nay cac nucrc treo civ tau cua nuoc khac la xu huong ua dung do ngoai

16 van don hang khong luon la Giay chung nhan bao hiem Tir khai hai quail

14 sai that) 17 Noi nhan va giao hang trong container la

18 ci> 1 bai tap b it tinh chi phi phat cham giao theo hague visby la bao nhieu PT nhien la ko co dap an nao dung 19 cong tainer ra doi vi yeu to j? Giam chi ohi Ctfam thieu thcri gian xep da Cai thien c a sa vat ch it nganh van tai Tang cucmg co giai hoa khau xep da hang hoa a cac diem van tai(neu la nhu the nay thi dung.nhung dap an lai chi co la tang cuong c a giai boa BgafiteiJatai"nen minh ch<jn cau 1 dung) 20 trong hop dong ban C1F de tranh phai tra cirac xep d a ngwoif xuat khau nen quy djnh nhu the nao FI( vi nguci xuat khiu phai co tr2ch nhiem giao hang qua lan can tau nen ko nen quy djnh c6 tinh chi phi xep hang lam gi cho phai tra 2 lan phi.con viec nguai nhap khau co da hay ko thi tiiy thoa thua trong hgp dong EQ FIS liner out 2 hnotify adress de trong thi thong bao cho ai( ko nha ro minh chQn gi,nhung co ban khoan giQa gui nhan,chic la clipn giri nen mi sai,luc dau co chgn n h |n nhimg hinh nhir sua mat.ac ac) Nguai gi>i hang Ngujri nhan hang Nguoi gom hang Nguai giao nhan

22 cang an toan khi thong bao NOR dij^ic chap nhan la la cang E)u do sau man nuac cho tau daiiHB An toan ve chinh tri.ko co dinh cong An toan v e ... An toan ve cai qu ii gi nua y 23,C0NGENBILL la Cung sir dunL' vai hop dong GENCON 24 iheo vacxava.giai han trach nhiem la 250fr/kg I OOgbt/kien 20usd

D ai hoc Ngoai thipong

Bookbooming

25,Thdi h?n khieu n?i trong hamburg 78 li 1 nSm

2 ni/n
1 n im h o j c c 6 the th d a thu?n them

26,tlio-i h?n khieu ki?n trong Hague-visby li 1 n&mvi c6 thi th6a thu&n them 27,MTO du?c miSn loj hang vSn ncu hinh trinh cua hing nhu sau 6 td-hang fkhoong B iln-6 t6-hk Hk-sit s i t - o to 25 bin quy tic quy djnh gidi h?n trich nhi? m cua MTO cao hon d CU LHQ ND 125

Khdng c6 dip in dung boi vi uioi han trach nhiem cua MTO o ban guv tac toon thao hon
29h? s i xep hing cda tiu tiu th i hi$n m6i quan h$ gifla Dung tich ding ki v i trong tii tinh

30.NOR.li lfrgng.bfa a ln a o t a lm B 31 ETA li Thin gian du kien tiu din 32. Nh6m tiu chd hin g kho (Dry cargo Ship) Tiu chd hing bich hoi (General Cargo Ship) Tiu container Tiu chd hing khfi vdi khii lugng ldn C i 3 diu dune 33.Hi$p djnh Montreal ra ddi nim nio 1966 1975 1980 1929 34.c6 bao nhiu bin g6c trong vjn don hing khdng

2
9 12 35.cic nguon lujt dieu chinh van don NDT SDR 1989 Hamburg 78 HAGUE 29

Dai hoc Ngoai thuong

Bookbooming

36,qgy djnh ve chi phi xep dd trong hgrp din thue tau chuyin nhim: Trirfh cho ngudi mua phai tra chi pht 2 ISn Tranh cho ngiriri bln phai tra cho ngudi chuyin chd nhung chi phi m i khi ddi dugrc ngiriri.muaUii da giao xong hing Trinh cho ngudi bin phii tri chi phi do hing Trinh cho ngudi mua phii tra chi phi dd hing S^/ngudi gom hing chju trach nhi?m ddng ,dd hing trong container trong ph thiic nio fCL?FCL FCL/LCL LCL/FCL LCI7LCL

2 8U(h6ng chju trich nhi?m ve qui trinh hang hda duvc chuyin chd khi hp li Bai 1$ ^
Ngudi chuyin chd thyc te Ngudi cc hop ddng Ngudi gom hing 39.th6ng bio ve t6n that khdng r? r$t trong hamburg la Trong hojc ngay sau khi giao hing 1 ngiy 3 ngay It sau giao 15 neivltuc 40.Quy djnh ve t6n that r3 r?t trong hamburg li Ngay lam viec sau neav giao hang 41.Hang hda nio ko phii hgrp vdi vn tii hing ko IpingcfogM nh Hing nhd nng Hing g ii trj cao Hing chuyin phit nhanh 42.MTO theo cdng ud< UN ^4 bin quy tic chju trich nhi$m vdi hing hda theo chi ti) Ttrngch|ng Thing nhat C i2 43.Tiich nhi?m cua ngudi chuyen chd

44. Nguyin tic suy doin loi trong cc hh - dudng biin dmjc ip dyng trong Hamburg Bruxcell NDT3DR79 Hague-visby 45.Cauniosai vtn dom chu v i v ia (ton gom hing thuc chit do mdt ngudi IA d 46

-il ngudi bin giri cho nhiiu ngudi mua li gl: FCL/LCL b. LCL/FCL... Trong Incoterms 2000, cd miy diiu khoin chd container/ biin/ da phucmgIhirc a.6

D ai hoc N goai th ira n g

Bookbooming

- V$n dcm Hang khdng khong chuyin nhugng dugc - T iu ch<r li gl: ch?y trn m$t tuyen co djnh... - Trong Inco2000, dieu kifn nio ngiriri bin cd vai tr6 ldn nhat a. DDU

b.DDP...
- VD gom hing: co

- MTO: c6 - VD MTO: c6 - UNCTAD: c6

- D ilu khoin ve tau m it tfch - Lu$t H K ciasi d\ing VN: nhilu -V |ndom G E N C O M -D jnh nghTaNRT, GRT... - VD chuyin nhugng dugc bing cich gl - Bin lai thuyin fo - PhSn bi$t Master B/L, House B/L. Moi quan h? giSa ngu&i giao nhjjn v i ngudi chuyin chd I Master B/L - GENCON do ai phit hinh ( B1MCO) - T in th it, trich nhi?m theo Hague dugc tinh theo dcm v] GBP hay SDR Thdi h?ui trich nhifm cua container: CY-CY

- ThSng Mo t6n th it 3 ngiy.,.

- D iiu k ifn chjm giao * 2,Sian tiln jdc chi Hamburg cd C h|m giao dugc qui djnh trong ngu6n lu$t nio? - VN tham gia t6 chuc gl cua HK? IATA. tCAO

Mua FOB dugc nen chgn cii j

c. no
F h ft liin, thudng tuy: cho trudng hgp x ip hing ch$m r ii bit tfnh thdi gian pfflat Thudng ph?t, gidi h?n trich nhi$m : nhiiu - H ii c6t, sue v jt s6ng( h ing dfc bi$t) cudc la bao nhieu (50% GCR-) Khi khieu n$i, budc 1 fii lim j: l$p thu dy khing - Cudc hing bich hoi - 6 td : khdng cau nio Gui hing kit hgp gom a. FCL/FCL FCL/LCL b. c. LCL/FCL d. LCL/LCL

a. Q b. FO

1.KI thu? tin chiy 6 t o dilu kifn cof sd giao hing FOB, ngircri thue tiu nin quy djnh mire cudc phf tii ihitii nhir thi nio: A. FI B. FO
C. FIS

D. FIO C ii n iy era chgn A, vl trich stiifin xip hing liu tiu thu$c vi ngudi x u it khiu, khiu khi t k i tiu m ils s ip hing (free in) de trinh t r i tiin xip hing 2 lan. 2. Dung tfch dang k f to in p h in DW T li A. Dung tfch lit c i cic khoing trfesg tren tiu B. Dung tfch tit c i cic khoing trin g chua hits tren tiu C. Dung tlch (ko nhd ).
D. Dung tfch tat c i c ic khoing trong kh<p kin tren tiu .

ngirW nh$p

Em chgn D, phin vin m ii day f . Check roi, mlnh dung, he he. 3. Ngudi nio trong nhihig ngudi sau diy c6 trich nhifm giao hing xuit khiu:
A. Chu h ing

D ai hoc N goai th u o n g

Bookbooming

B. N g iro i giao n h a n

C. C ang bien

D. Khong ai trong 3 ngiroi tren

Em chon B, ngiroi giao nhan. Nhieu ban ch^n chu hing. Co* m i chu hdng thirfrng o* nirfrc xuat khau, rat xa nwire nhap khau, sao giao hing dir9c $? B ay l i ly luan cua em . 4. T iu di tir Anh den H^ng Kong, den kcnh d io Suez thi k h d n ^ tb ^ tiu nfra. V iy theo luat Anh, sau bao lau tau se dirpc coi l i mat tfch: A. 1 thang B . 3 th in g

.1

C.6 thing
D . 12 th in g Em chon C, nhieu ban chon D. Chj Puku ch?n C. C ii n iy v5 d o in , he he. 5. Sue vat song va h in g tren boong dime quy dinh trong van b in n io sau day: A. Quy t ic Hague B. Quy t ic Hague - Visby C. O uv t i c Hamburg D. Cong u fa Vac-xa-va 6 . L u it hing-hai Viet Nam 2flQ5,quy djnh gioi han trich nhiem doi voi h in g hoa li: A\ 666.67SDR/kien S . 835SDR/kien C l t o nhfr D , lO.OOOfr/kien 'Em chgn D vi nh frli Luat h in * h aiY N quy djnh giong quy tic Hague-visby 7. Trong h<pp dong thue tiu quy djnh n g iy xep dSr l i WWDSHEXI Son gay c h ira d& h in g l i 5 n giy. Trong do c6 3 n g iy )!, 1 ngay thdi tiet xau. Mut; phat moi n g iy l i 3000$. V fy so tien phat 1a: A . 3000 B . 12000 C.15000 D. Ko nhfr Em chpn C, vi d i phat thi phai lien tuc, ko ke ngay li v i chu nhfit. The m i c6 ban sai c iu n iy ch u . 8. Trong Incoterms 2000, co may dieu kifn cor so1 giao h in g m$ ngir&i x u it khau d in h dinrc quyln van tai: A. 2 B. 4 C. D: K o nhff. Ccr m i cau n iy thi4fro,\trong sach n6 the gom: CPT, CIP, DDU, DDP . 9. Trong c ic DJCSjfi diroi d iy , &C n io ngvdi x u it khau c6 quyen tbu tau: A .C F R B. FAS C .F O B P*C a a,b,c 10. C6 m iy Dieu kien cosor giao h in g dung trong VT Container. Cau n iy l i 7_nhe, tfnh c i DAF nu'a nh 1.VT dirfmg s it liu y in qt cua VN diroc dieu chinh bdi nguon lut n io sau day: a.Cong irac CIM S b. Cong wye COTIF c. SMGS c iu n iy em ch9n bira la SMGS vi c6 th iy loin g thoang trong sach, may m i dung. D ay la cau hoi duy nhat v i chircmg dir&ng s it , the ma co Trjnh Hirong thi b io I19C ca chuoug, cd T rang thi bao Jco hoc vi tir trirfrc den gifr co chua thay cau n io ve dirfrng sit. 2. dong thue tiu djnh hah co tinh chat giong: y. Tiofp dflng thug t ii san b. hffp dSng thue tiu chuyen. m$t cai nihi thi em ko nho1

D ai hoc Ngoai th u d n g

Bookbooming

3. Die trung cua van tai: a. sp van tai ton tai ngoii nginh san xuit ra no b. sd van tai ko dtf tru- dirge c. van tai li nganh die bi?t vi cd cdng cy lao dng, tir lifu sx...(chuoi qui) mgt so c ii nira em ko nhd vl cm chi nhd' ciu t r i loi li b 4.X>o hin g HK eung la ngudi bio hilm nen trong cirfrc Dili HH d i bao gom cirdc bao hilm? . Dung b. sai 5. bii ti p v l 2 tau dim va nhau eung c6 loi, giong trong bii co Huong d i day chi khic % phan chia tric h nhifm. 6. FBL c i the dung cho mgi cong ty giao nhan? D/S 7. ve vif c giinh quyin van tii, ve CIF, FOB cm quin m it rui, em chi nhfr ciu t r i Iin li CFR v) trong d6 ko c61 nen hjrp ly nhit, Khoang chung nay cin li em nhd duyc vi nd ko Dim trong so ddng d i quSn nhir th&i h?n khieu kifn, khieu nai...Ngoai nhfrng ciu nay vi m jt so ciu mgi ngiriri d i post cic d u c6n l?i li v l cic Cdng ir6c... So luyng: 60 cau Thiri luqrog: 40 phut C ic chu diem: 1- Incoterm (chutnig 1)
Chi cin nhdr 4 ddng sau l i du li dung chpc ciu: Nguiri x u it khiu dinh quyin vjn tii: DDU, DDP, CIP, CPT, CIF, CFR, DES, DEQ Ngudi n h |p khiu dinh quyin vjn tii: EXW, FCA, FAS, FOB, FAF Ngiroi x u it khiu dinh quyin thud tiu: CFR, CIF, DES, DEQ Ngudi nhap khiu dAnh quyin thud tiu: Fa S. FOE)

2- Thdng so 1$ thuat cua tiu biln (chiramg 2) Luu y: h? $6 xep hing cua tiu, h? so xip hing cua hang, the tfch toin phin/tjnh v..v 3- C ic lo^i vf n dom tiu biln (chiroug 2) 4- Gidi h?n trich nhifm; thdi h;n trich nhifm (tat c i cic cbirong) HfC theo dung 4 chu diem r&t nhophia trin la du d l dupe 6 diem 1 cdch cue ky ngon link r i i Cic chucmg cin tgi se roi vao phan 4 diem. N in lam thim trong d i 2007. M$c du vira rdi cic thiy dd c$p n h it b$ de m&i, nhung vin cd mpt s i cau triutg vdi bo d i cD, cich ra d i ciing tmrng t\f. - hpc kT incoterms vio, chic chin cd khoing 10 cau v l giinh quyin v$n tii
- cic cau lien quan den thdi gian - tdn cac to chite vilt tit - con cd ciu nd hdi la nen mua hing hda cd g ii fob thip nhat, cao nhit, gii cif thip nhit, cao nhat. - c ic cau thudng phgt, chu J l i ph?t thi ii pb?t lien tilp - cic cau ve thdng so cua tiu

1. VJn t6c tiu bien: 1 4 -2 0 hai ly/ h 2. Cin cu vio ph?m vi phyc vy, v |n tii chia lim? V |n tii ndi bp xi nghidp va vjn tii cdng c$ng 3. Phin io?i tiu budn: theo chiic nang, theo kich thudc, theo qu6c tjch... * Theo cdng dyng: tau chd hing va tau chdr khich - Tau chd hang: liu chd hing kho va tiu chd hang long

14

D ai hoc N goai th u o n g

Bookbooming

+ Tail cira hing klifi: tiu chd hang bach hoa, tau chd hang kho co khdi lugng lan, tau ket hgp, tau container, lau chiV xa lan, tau chcr hing ddng l?nh + Tau chd hing long: tau chd dau, tau chd cac hang long khic, tiu chd hai dot thicn nhien hoa ldng, tiu chd khf hoa ling * Theo cd tau: tiu cd trt'o binh thirdng v i tiu treo cd phuong tiin * Theo phjm vi kinh doanh cua tiu: tiu chay viing bien xa, tiu chav vung bien gan * Theo phuong thirc kinh doanh: Tiu chg, tiu chay rang ( kiiu cho time chuyen v i cho thue djnh han) 4. Viet Nam d i tham gia to chuc nao: A. FIATA, B. IATA, C. ICAO, D. C a3 5. Diiu chinh cua cic cdng irdc do 6. Combine Doc do ai phit hanfi? (ngudi chuyin chd dudng bien), m lu cua ? do BIMCO - h$i dong hing hai vi Baltic quoc td so?n thio, dinh cho VO.MTO 7. Trach nhiem chung minh loi thugc \ i ngudi chuyin chd theo quy tac nio ? Quy tie Hamburg I. Ngudi giao nhin cd thi li ngirdi nio? a. MTO, b. Ngudi chuyen chd, c. Dai ly IATA, d. C i 3 9.,Ngudi chuyen chd ludn mua d thi truong nio CIF Ion , vio day nhdxem quyen v?n tai thugc ve thing nio thi thing day thich gii cao a. gia FOB thap, b. Gia FOB cao. 1O.Phit tfieri vantai bien ting thu ngoai tf do? a. chuyin chd hing xuat nhf p khiu trong nude, b. chuyen char hing cho nirdc ngoai, c. chuyin chd hing hod n$i dja, d....( do kliong phai thue bgn nude ngoii chd hing cho minh) I I. Tucmg tir phit triin vpn tii bien giim chi ngoji t? do?
(a ....... .

12. Van tai quoc te the hi?n chiic nSng gi? huc v\i nhu cau chuyen chd HH XNK v i kinh doanh the hien trong vi$c XK spVT 13j He sd xep hang cua tiu (C t), h i so xlp hing cOa hing(SF), m ii quan h i Tan dung dupe dung tich chira hing khi SF = CL 14.2.5 (giao hing ch$m) 15. Cudc tiu chg ludn cao vi a. bao g6m c i chi phi xip dd, b. dn djnh, c. da phan tiu khong diy hing, d. ca 3 I Ngudi giao hing xuSt nh$p khiu li ai? a. Cang bien, b. Chu han?, c. Ngudi chuyen chd, d. Ngudi kinh doanh vjtn tai DPT 17. V |n tii da phircmg thirc k it hgp lgi fch cua? vfln tii chd sudt, v$n chuyin container v i djch vy gom hing 18. VIFAS lig i Hi?p h$i giao nhjn v i kho vin Vi^tNam 19. NOR, ETA,... Ii_gi NOR li thdng bio sin sing xip dd ETA la thdi gian du kien din tiu cua cing LOR la thu du khang ROROC la biin Ijan kit toin nhjn hing vdi tiu COR:bien ban dd hang 20. Theo cdng udc cua Liin hip qu6c ngudi chuyin chd chju trich nhifm tu khi nio den khi nio Theo cdng udc cua LHQ 1980 v i Bin quy tic UNCTAD/ICC thi trich nhi?m cua MTO doi vai HH bao gdm khoing thdi gian tir khi MTO d i nh?n hing de f hd cho den khi giao xong hing. 2L Trich nhiim cung cap tiu du khi ning di bien 1a?

. triroc vi luc b it dan qui trinh chuyin chd theo quy tic Hague 1924,
b. trong qua trinh chuyen chd theo quy tic Hague-Visby 1968, c. trong toin bg qua trinh chuyin chd theo quy Hamburg....) (khdng nhd rd phircmg in) 2 1. WWDXSHEU la gi? bii t|p tinh phat xip dd ch|m (trong tii liiu photo cd) WWD : ngay lim viec thdi ti*t tdt VVWDSH : ngay lam viec thdi tiit tdt, tinh c i chu nh?t va ngiy le WWDSHEX : ngay lim viec thdi tiet lot, chu nhat, ngiy le khdng tinh WWDSHEXUU : ngay lam vi$c thdi tiet tot, chu nhat ngiy le khdng tinh trir phi cd lam ( tire la cd

15

D a i hoc N goai thipcmg

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lim

th i

co tfnh )

WWDSHEXEU : ngiy lam vifc thdi tiet tot, chu nhSt ngiy li khdng tinh, dii cu lim hay khdng
N in ch<?n c ii cuoi eung li WWDSHEXEU vl khi sdt den ngiy h it h?n x ip dd hing hda, c6 the lam ci chu nh?t, ngiy ll d i kjp tien dij m i nhiing ngiy do l(ii khdng bj tinh vao thdi gian lim hang ^ 22. Gidi hjn trach nhi?m cua MTO cua qgirai chuyin chd theo bin quy tic cao hem so vcri (khdng phucmg in nao) Theo b in quy tic, gidi h?n trich nhiim cua MTO vdi HH th ip hem so vdi cong udc 23. Hyp ding theu tiu chuycn tuin theo? (thudng theo lu |t Anh, tuy theo th o i thujn) Thudng theo lut Anh x it xu t^i London ho?c theo lujt My x it xur l?i NewYork, cic quy djnh niy ko c6-toi cho VN nen ko nin chgn. E4,Congen Bill ung vdi (tiu chuyin) Trong thuong m?i hing hii qu6c ti tliudng luu hinh p h i biin 2 lopi vjn don: vjn dcm lo?i thdng thudng (ggi la Coniine bill) v i vin don d p theo h<rp d ing thu.tiu (ggi li Congen bill). 25. Ngudi chuyen chd chju trich nhifm ddng hing vio container theo LCL/LCL 26. Ngudi mua, ngudi bin giinh dupe quyin v$n tii trong 1 s i diiu kifn theo Incoterm (cd 1 s i ciu: ngudi bin thui tau: a.FOB, b.FAS, c. DEF......cd khoing v ii ciu tuong tv nhu vjy) 27. C ic to churc chinh phu n io trong cac t i churc sau . a. ICAO-ti. chuc CP b. IATA li t i chuc phi CP c. FIATA li t i chuc phi CP 28. Cd may ban chinh cua AWB 3 ban chinh 29^ AWB do ai lim, ai kf XWB do ngudi giri hing l$p v i ngudi gui hing khi d i kl phii chju toin trich nhifm v i n$i dung AWB 30. Vin don chu do ai phat hanh ngudi chuyen Chd thirc ti 31. Trong v |n tai da phuong thuc ngudi ki p h it vin don cd the li a.ngudi chuyin chd thyc ti, b. ngudi chuyin chd hgp ding, c. c i2 . d. ko ai c i 32. Ai l i ngudi phit hinh v$n don da phuong thuc? MTO 33. Theo Vacxava, chm giao hing x iy r a ___14 ngiy, thift h?i hang hoi.....7 ngiy, thift h?i hinh ty ....3 n g iy 34. Thdi gian khiiu kifn trong vjn tii hing khdng? 2 nim 35. Khi ki hgp dong thui tiu chg khdng quan tim din phi x ip dd, san cio 36. Trgng tii toin phin la el (khii nifm, p hii thufc Idng theo sgk) Trgng tii toin phin bing tong trong lugng HHTM, trgng lugng nhiin lifu, nude nggt, luong thirc, thirc phSm, v$t lifu chin ldt v i d i dir trtt k b it tinh bing tin d ii. Day cflng chinh li chinh lfch gitta trgng lugng khi tiu ko chd hang (LD) v i trgng lugng khi tiu chd day hang (HD): DWC HD - LD 37. Trgng tai tjnh cua tiu (DWCC) li trgng lugng HHTM m i tiu cd thi chd dugc. Trgng tii tjnh cua tiu chinh bang trgng tii to in jih in trCr di trgng lugng nhiin lifu, nude nggt, lucmg thyc, thirc phim, v |t lifu chin ldt v i d i du trif khic. Trgng tii tjnh cua tiu li mt dji lugng thay d ii, nd phy thuc vio trgng lugng nhiin lifu, nude D ggt, lucmg thyc, thuc phim, v jt lifu chin ldt v i d i dir trtt khic chua trin tiu. . 38. Trong hgp d ing thui tiu chg, ghi FI d i trinh a. tra 2 lan cudc phi, b. tri 2lan phi dd hing, c. t r i 2 tin p h i x ip h in g .... 39.400 kg, thift h?i theo Hague Visby muc b ii thudng l i 400 x 30 ft - 12000 fr 40. Icontainer cd 20 kifn hing theo Hague-Visby, mire b ii thudng cao nhit l i 20 kifn, container cua ngudi chuyin chd 41. Nim thinh l$p cuaO, ICAO(1947, vn tham gia 1980), IATA(1945, vn 2/2007), FIATA(1926, VIFAS 1994), AFFA(I991,VIFAS 11/2000), AAPA( 1965, vn 11/1997), V1FAS(1994) N giy cd hif u lire cua c ic cdng udc trong v}n tii DPT: - Cdng udc LHQ ra ddi 24/5/1980 v i chua cd hifu lire - Bin quy tic UNCTAD/ICC cd hifu lire 1992 V |n tii hang khdng: cdng udc Vacxava 1929; nghj djnh thu Hague 1955 42. Nguyen nhan chinh ra ddi cua v$n tii container: rut ngin thdi gian chuyin chd, dim bio an toin v i giim chi phi.

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a. tao viec lam, b. cai tiin ky thujt, c. Siam chi n)u\ d. tiet kiem thiri gian.... 43. Trach nhiem cua MTO? 44. Nguyen nhan chinh svr ra dai cua van tai da phuong thirc? - kei qua tat yeu cua qui trinh phat trien nganh vn tai - nhu cau hoan thien ciia cac he thong phin phdi vat chat, sx, kinh doanh trong xh. - Yeu cau cua cuc cach mang container 45. Sir khac nhau giffa Hague, Hague-Visby, Hamburg 46. Giai h?n trach nhiem 47. Thudng phat xep da 49. UNTAD/ICC co hieu lire 1992, VN chua co hieu l\rc 50. Ciroc die biet, CCR=50% GCR 51. Van tii la gi? Vdi y nghTa kinh tl hep, v?n tai chi bao gom nhffng sir di chuyen cua vjt pham va con ngiroi khi thoi niin dong thdi hai tinh chat: la mgt ho?t dong sx vat chat va la mot hoat dgng kinh te doc l$p. 52. Phan loai lau, van don, van tai Phan loai van tai: - Can cii vao phjm vi phuc vu: vt noi bg xi nghiep va vt cong cong - Can cii vao m3i trudng va dk sx: dudng dto, sat, biln, song, ong, vy try - Can cii vao doi tugng chuyen chd: HH, HK, HH-HK - Can cii vao khoang cach hoat dpng phyc vu: gan, xa - Can cii vao cach td chiic chuyen chd: dcrn phuong thiic, da phuong thiic, diit do?n Phan lo?i van dan dudng bien: - cJn cii vao viec da xep hang hay chua: vd dS xep, vd nh|n de xep - can cii vdo khi nang luu thong: vd theo lenh, vd dich danh, vd cho ngudi cam - can cii vao nh?n xet, ghi chu tren vd: vd hoan bio, vd ko hoan hio - can cu vao hinh trinh van chuyen: vd di thang, vd chd sudt, vd da phuong thiic - mot so loai vd khac: + vd do ngudi giao nhin cap: vd vt DPT cua FIATA (FBL); FCT - giay chiing nhan vt; house B/L vd gom hang + vd theo hgp ddng thu tau: phat hinh khi HH dugc chuyen chd theo mgt hgp dong thue tau chuyen. Vd nay ko cdn tinh ddc lap va phai phu thugc vao hgp ddng thue tiu. CONGENBILL phat hanh de sii dung cung vdi hgp dong thue tau mau GENCON. VD theo hgp dong thue tiu do chu tiu ho5c thuyen trudng ho5c dai dien cua hg ky phat. + vd da xuat trinh tai cang giri (surrendered B/L): khi cap vd niy ngudi chuyen chd hofc d?i ly ddng them dau dS xult trinh dong thdi dien bao cho dai ly tai cang den biet de dai ly giao hang cho ngudi nh jn m i ko can xuat trinh vd gdc. + giay gui hang dudng biin (Sea waybill): la ctir ko the luu thong, cd iru diem li ngudi nhan co the nhan hang khi xuat trinh giay td, ctir dd nhan dang chu ko cln phii xult trinh ban than Giay giri hang dudng bien. Nhugc diim cua no la ko dung de khdng che HH dirge, dung vdi ban hang tin cay + vd ben thu 3 (Third Party B/L): la vd m i tren dd ghi ngudi hudng Igi L/C ko phii la ngudi gui hang ma la ngudi khac + bien lai thuyen phd (Mates Recceipt): la bien lai ghi chip viec xep hang len tiu do thuyen trudng ho|c phd lap. Bien lai nay ghi sd lugng, khdi lugng tinh tr?ng hang hoa xep len tiu vila ca sd de cap vd + vd co the thay doi (Switch B/L): cho phip thay doi mgt sd chi tilt tren vd 53. Van dan nao cd the ki hju thong thudng? (theo lenh) 54. Vin don dieu chinh mdi quan he giua ngirdi chuyen chd v i ngudi cam giu van don 55.Trong chuyen chd bing cont sir dung FCA thay cho FOB 56. ICD li cing gi a. cang dlt liin, b. cang kho.... 57. Vail don theo l?nh cd thi 1a a. van dan hoin hao, b. van dan nhan de xep, c. ca 2. d. ko 58. Cai nio li vjn dan khdng hoan hio 1. Cach ndi sau day dung : - quy tac Hague = cong udc Brussels 1924 - quy tac Hague - Visby = nghj djnh thu Visby 1968

D ai hoc N goai th iro rig

Bookbooming

- quy tic Hamburg = c6ng udc Hamburg 1978

2. VJn tii li mon hpc ... (dii tugng sin x u it.....)

3. Cing dd liing li cing the nio : an toin v i chfnh trj x i hdi, du dieu kifn x i h$i, ko cd chien tranh... blah blah

Tuy theo y<u ciu cua ngu&i thui tiu, cing xip dd cd thi li mdt hay nhieu cing vi c6 thi xip do t?i mdt hay nhiiu ciu cy thi trong cing. Phii quy djnh thu ty xip dd. Ciu cing an toin li cau, cing c6 dd sau (mdn nude) thik hgp di tiu c6 thi ra vio, neo diu mt cich an toin vi ludn d#u noi ho$c chjm dit nhQng vin an toin. Cing xip dd cin phii an toin vi m}t chinh trj, tire li ko cd chiin tranh chiin sy xiy ra, vi niu cd thi chu tiu sS ko chju trich nhifm vi nhdng thift h?i xiy ra do chiin tranh chiin sy do. 4. MULTIDOC do t i churc nio ban hinh ? do hdi nghi cua LHQ ve budn bin v i phit triin so?n tliio trin ca sd Cdng udc LHQ( do^O.MTO vi NVO.MTO phit hinh) 5. T i chtrc nio li ti chuc chfnh pnu : At- IA .7U-FA... blah blah.... 6. Vift Nam dl tham gia vio ti chtic nio, d l thdng qua cdng udc nio? - quy tac Hague- cong uoc Brussel 1924
cd cii ciu: VTDB cd djc diem gl:

+ VTDB cd nSng lyc v|n chuven ldn + thik h?rp cho vifc v$n chuyin hiu hit cic lo?i HH trong chuyin chd quoc te + chi phi dau tu xiy dung cic tuyin dudng hing hii thip + gii thinh VT biin rat thip + tiiu thy nhiin lifu thip + phy thu$c nhiiu vio dk thiin nhiin, dk hang hii + tic dd cic lo#i tiu biin tuong dii thip: 14-20 hii ly/gid edn miy ciu kiiu, phin phii AWB
Vjn don theo Ifnh cd the li vin don nio? -Suit- Cleon-Unclen- c i 3

mua FOB.cd thi chtjn diiu kifn gii FI-FIO bin CIF: FO-FIO Ti chuc d p chlnh^phu? ICAO * V|n don dudng bien do ai ky- thuyen truong truong trudng hep nio^igudi giao hing ko chju trie nhifm chuyin chd: -. Ngudi chuyin chd cd the ddng vai trd nio?(ngudi giao nhin,ngudi gui hing..) may cii khii nifm C/O, NOR,COR... 14gi bii tip ph?t xip dd li 12000 - ciigimiPCTN 1980 cd cai gl mi lu$t HK VN quy djnh li 2 nim ndi chung ra vio Incotenn tarn 8-10 ciu 10-15 ciu vio cic cdng udc,trich nhifm,bii thudng trong Biin v i Container, 1-2 ciu MTO - cii MTO khi di nhim,khdng phii vl khd, m i li vl nd d cuii sich,d<jc din diy li mft Cich ndi nio dung? : a.COng udc Hague, b.Cdng irdc Hamburg c.Ouv tic Hague d.Ouv tic Humburg

1. Diiu kifn nio sau diy ngudi nhfp khiu giinh dugc quyin thui tiu: DES CIF

FOB
DDU 2..Vift Nam d i gia nh$p vio cdng udc hay t i chuc nio rii?

Chua gia nh$p cdng u6c hay td chuc nio ca

3. ETA li gi? ETA la difkl&n tiu den 4. Vift Nam phe ehuan cdng udc nao? Sdr Hague (edn gpi li cdng udc Bruxelle) Hague Visby

Dai hoc Ngoai thuong

Bookbooming

Khong phc chuan cong uoc nao

5. The cong udc Bmxelle, xir phat cham la bao nhieu?

Khong bao nhieu ca, vi cong uoc Bruxelle khong quy djnh xu' phap cham, chi co cong uoc Hamburg quy djnli (hoi.
6. Cac mien tracli ciia MTO: - Cong uoc 1980: chung minh dirge da ap dung mpi bien phap de phdng nhirng sir co vin xay ra; loi hang van (hinh vi, so1suat hoac loi lam cua thuyen trudng, thuy thu, hoa tieu hoSc ngudi lam cdng ciia ngirdi chuyen cho' trong viec dieu khien va quail ly tau); chay do nguyen nhan KQ - Nghj djnh 125: bit khi khdng; do loi cua chu hang; do chien tranh, dinh cong.

7. LOR: thu- dir khang giri cho nguoi chuyen chd trong thdi han: - 3 ngay ke tir ngay giao hang theo quy tac Hague, Hague & Visby - 15 ngay lien tyc tii'ngay giao hing theo quy tac Hamburg
8. COR:bicn ban do hang 9. ROROC li gi? Roroc li bien ban kit toin nhan hing 10. Bien lai thuyen phd dung lam gi?Lara cosorde lap van don

11. Trong cdng udc vacsava, ngudi chuyen chd chju trich nhiem trong vdng may ngiy? Thdi han trach nhiem doi vdi tdn that? 3 ngiy doi vdi hanh ly, 7 ngay doi vdi hang hda Thdi h?n trach nhiem doi vdi chjm hing? 14 ngay ke tir ngay miy bay dang le den noi
12. Theo cong ucrc quoc ti ve van tii da phuong thuc, boi thudng nhu the nao? Tung chang Thdng nhat

Ca hai
Khdng cau nio dung

13. Gidi h?n trach nhiem trong van tii da phuong thuc?

666.67 SDR/kien; 2SDR/kgHH (theo UNCTAD) 920 SDR/ kien; 2.75 SDR/kg HH (theo LHQ)
14. Cd miy dieu kien co sd giao hing trong Incoterm? 13 15i Cd the thay FOB, CIF, CIP bang diiu kien nio? FCA thay FOB, CIP thay CIF, CPTthay CFR

1 Cai gi thay cho House B/L? Forwarder B/L va Neutral airway bill 17. CP diiu chinh mdi quan he giiJa ai vdi ai? Nguoi chuyen chfrva nguoi thuc tau 18. Van don dudng biln dieu chinh moi quan he giua ai vdi ai? Ngudi chuyen cho1vi nguoi d m via Ion (can phan bift chu tau va ngudi chuyen cho', chi tau co the khong phai la ngudi chuyen :ho)
19. Trach nhiem chiing minh loi thuoc ve ngiroi chuyen chd la trong cong udc nio? Hamburg 20. Cudc theo FIOS la bao nhieu? Cudc la 15 $ khdng phii xep, dd, sap xip (mdi loai 1 S) con l?i li ix > 21. Tien phat 3000 $ mot ngiy. chijm xep 5 ngiy, trong do 3 ngay thdi tiet xau, chu nht, hdi phat bao tiln? 15 000 $

19

D ai hoc N goai th iro n g

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22. C ong udc vjn ldi <Ja phuong (hue cua Lien Hyp Quoc duyc phe chuan ngay thang nim ndo? 24/5/1980 thong qua tai Geneva gom 84 mrdc tham gia 23. VIFAS la gi? Hicp hpi giao nh3n - Kho van VN 24. To churc nao la to chuc chinli phu? (tra l?i nhc) IATA AFFA FIATA ICAO

AAPA
25. May bay chd khach chd cdi gi a khoang byng? H inh k h ic h v i rngt it h in g hoa (chu ylu li hing h6a c6 gid trj ldn) 26. Muon xep dA vdo ngay thu bay chu nhjt m i khdng bj tinh vao ngiy lim vifc thi dung dilu kifn nio? W WDSHEXEU : ngiy lim viec thdi tict tot, chu n h jt ngiy le khdng tinh, cd lam cdng khdng tinh 27. Ai l i ngudi kf phat AWB? T rach nhifm l$p AWB l i ngiriri g ii hing 2 $ C/P diTQC dieu chinh bdi lu$t nio? Tuv theo thoa thuan. thuong theo lu$t Anh ho$c hi^t My 1. Cin cu vio ph$m vi phyc v(i, vjn tai chia lam? V in t ii ndi bd xf nghiep v i van tai cdng cdng 2. Tiu chd hang khd bao gclm? t iu chd h in g bic h h d a . tan chd hin g kho cd k h ii lucmg ldn. tiu k it hop, tiu container, tin chdr x i lan. t in chd hing ddng lanh 3. Phit triin vin tii biln ting thu neoai td do? nirdc xuat k h iu v in tai 4. Dac diem cua van tai quoc te? 5> Ngudi giao hang xuit nhjp khau l i ai? . C ing biin, b. Chu hing. c. Ngudi chuydn chd, d. Ngudi kinh doanh vjn tii DPT . VIFAS Id gi? Hiep hdi giao n h in v i kho v in Viet Nam ?. Gidi han trdch nhifm cua MTO cua ngudi chuyin chd theo bin quy tic cao hon so vdi (khdng nhmmg in nao) 8. Hyp dong theu tiu chuyen tuan theo? ( tuv theo th o i thn&nl 3. Ngudi chuyen chd chju trach nhifm ddng hang vio container? LCL/LCL 10. Thdi gian khieu kifn trong v$n tai h ing khdng? 2 nim 11. Khi kf hyp ddng thud tiu chy bao gSm c i cudc phi thue tiu . phi xep dd s ip xep. d o san hin g . 12* Ngiy cd hifu lire cua cic cdng udc trong vjn tSLDPJ? 24/5/1980 13. Nguyen nhan chfnh ra ddi cua vjn tii container: a. t?o vifc lam, b. cai tiln kp thujt, c. giim chi phf. d. tilt kifm thdi gian.... 14. V jn tai la gi? Vdi y nghTa kinh te h?p, vjn tii chi bao gom nhung sir di chuyen cua v |t phim v i con ngudi khi thoi man dong thdi hai tfnh chit: li mdt hoat ddng sx vat c h it v i l i mdt hoat ddng kinh te dSc lip . 15.Tuyen duong nao duoc uu tien ko ktra thu tuc hai quan: duong bien- oto - sat (tuvin n io c d fljrfrng blifl l i dung) 16. iCD(cing khd, cing thdng quan n$i dja, cdng dat lien?..) con cd ten gyi khic la gi? Ko dap an nao dung a. cdng dit liin, b. cin g khd.... 17. V?n don theo Ifnh cd thi la a. v?n dcm hoin hio, b. vn don nh?n d i xip, c. c i 2. d. ko 18. C ii nao li vjn dcm khdnghoan hao? 19. D?c trung cua vfn tai: a. sp v$n tdi ton t?i ngoai nginh san xuat ra nd b. sn van tai ko dir trir duoc c. van tai la nganh dac bift vi co cong cy lao dyng, tu lieu sx...(chu8i qua)

20

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20. Cang dft hang 14 cing the nio : an loin vl chinh tri x i hoi, flu dieu kien xS hoi, ko c6 chlin tranh... x 1, MULTIDOC do td chiic nio ban hinh ? do h8i nghi cua LHO ve bu8n bin v i phat tricn soan W o tren co' s6' Cong irdc LHOf do VO.MTO v i NVO.MTO phat hinh) 32.Vn dan rheo l?nh co th li vjn dcm nio? -Sudt- ClearvUnclen- c i 3 >3.mua FOB.cA the chon ditu kijn gii FI-FIO 24.bin CIF: FO-FIO 25. Diiu kien nio sau day nguoi nhap khiu giinh dugc quyin thue tiu:
DES

CIF

FOB PDU
26 Theo cdng uxrc quoc t i ve van tii da phircmg thurc, b&i thudng nhu thi nio? Timg ch?ng Thong nhat Cihai 27. Giai han trich nhi$m trong nghj djnh thu SCE 1Q79: 666.67SDR 28. C6 thi thay FOB, CIF, CIP bing diiu ki$n nio? FCA thav FOB. CPT thay CIP. CFR thav CIF < nghi ngfr tie sal vi thirc te l i CIP thav cho O F ) 2J lVCP het hieu luc khi tau giao het hang vao ngay cuoi cung TO: Tiin ph$t 3000 $ nIOt ngiy, ch?m xip 5 ngiy, trong dd 3 ngiy thdri tiet xu, chu nhlit, Hii ph?t bao tiin? 15 000 $ 31. M iy bay chd khlch chd cai gl d khoang byng? H inh khich v i mt It hing hoa (chu yiu li hing hoa c6 gii trj ldn) 32..Mon nuoc cua tau fu thuoc vao gi? Vnng bien kinh doanh. mua v i do vat xep tren tau 33. AWB luon ludn l i chtrng tir hai quan. 34. Hiep dinh mgtrd ra ddri? nim 1966 35. Tien cuoc theoguaismala? 250 SDR 36. S\r sip xip nio la duneT-F-..... Cvach xen hang cua moTi niroc) 37. Hing le dugc b&3, da d dau: e) ICD b) CY cl CFS d) ccr sir cua ngudi giao nhan? 38. GRT li cach ghi dqn vj cua dun? tich d in ? kv ciia tiu 39. V |n tai chd suit li'van tai <?6chuven tai doc dufrng 40. Hague v i hague visbv khong c6 phat giao hang cham 41. Chiiu dii cua tiu l i khoing cich thing g6c tir mfii tau den duoi tin . 42. Trgng tii tjnh cia tiu thay d orpl^ thudc vio? 43. Cudc hing nhanh trong v$n tai hing khdng li cudc augc thanh todn trong vdng 3 gig ke tir khi giao hing cho hing h in g khdng. 44. V$n toe TB cua tau bien: 14-20 hai Iv/h 45. Kh8ng nn giinh quyin thue tau trong tnrimg hgp nio? Kh6 thue hoic ko thui duvc; Sir clienh lech gifta gid FOB va g ii CFR. gia FCA v i gia CPT l i khdng ci loi: n a i can b in hoic q u i c in mua mot loai hang nao dd trong khi doi phinmg m uin d in h ouven Vin tii: do luat phap timg nufa hav phong tuc tip o uin cna cing 46. Hague vi Hague - visby dugc mien trich vdi? in ti cua tau, an ti cua hing hoa, ngi ti

EJOV, CIP, CPT, FCA, DDU, DDP, DAFphiihcrp vdi VTDPT, VT container; FOB -> FCA, CIF-* CIP, CFR -> CPT.

H? s6 xip hing cua tiu, cua hang 40/20/20 : ty le phan chia doi voi nuoc XK, NK va qua canh B/L dirge d/c bdi quy tic nio ( Vacxava, Hague - Visbv. Hamburg') Thai han huy hgp dong trong thui tau chuyin fMudn nhat thdi gian tiu din cang xip hing. 1 (2,3) ngiy sairthdi h^n tiii "din cang xip hing) B/L hoin hio cd the li (dich danh. vd danh. DPT, da xip') B/L dich danh cd the li <hoin hao. ko hoin hio....) Trdch nhien*. theo cac cdng irdc VTDPT (ciu - ciu; kho- kho; lan can - lan can; xip hang dd hinal

D ai hoc N goai th u o n g

Bookbooming

ICD Cfiing kho. cine thdng ouan n&i dia. cang dat lien, cang xip...) V.C/P'tiirgc dieu chinh bdi Iu$t nio? Tuy thoa thuan Tr^ng tii toin phin cua tiu N oi xep dd hing h6a trong chuy6n chd hing container A i phit B/L (ngudi chuvfti ch^r. chu tiu, chu hing) M TO duvc mieii trich doi v6i l5i hing v|n khi hinh trinh g6m (dudng b iln + ...) Cong t/dcLHQ c< hi?u l\rc chua? Chua 5 H ing hda nio ko phii Ixyp vdi VT hing khdng ( c6ng~ltlnh- dung tlch nhd. ldn...) DPT k& hgp iru d^nj.fiija (container chd su6t + gom hing) Ngtrdi giao nh|n cd th i li (ngudi chuyen chd + gdi hing +...) L im hing tfnh nhu th i nio cd Igri? (WWDSHEXEU) Phtdenmun(5*4i)00) G ii tiu chi? thudng cao vl (bao g&m IOST; cd 6n djnh; ghi qua nhilu c in g thudng k chd dl, hing) Gidi h?n trich nhi?m cufM ontra (17SDR) B/L surTenrffed7'(Iay hing ko can B/L g 6c;. ..thucmg m?i difn tu) Ghi chd nio m it tinh hoin hio cua B/L ( ke ky ko rO m i hifu, nghe ndi li..., bao bl cO, dung
I*i)

JC A O -to churc CP AWB cd 3 bin goc, ai phii ky? ( ngudi chuyJn chd + gdi hing) Tdn thit rd lit, thdi h$n thdng b io theo Hamburg (trong khi dd, sau khi dd, mudn nhit l i ngiv
I am YiSs WU BMY 811 iBDg - )

Nghe ndi nhieu ciu mien trich.

22

Dai hoc Ngoai thuong

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Cac cau sau la cau dung sai: Thu bao dam la sy thda thuan giCra ngudi chuyen chd va ngudi nhan hang.

4. 2.

Tren A VVB ludn co ten s in bay chuyen tai. s W W DSHEX(EU) co nghTa la x ip hay d d vao nhung ngay d?p trdi 24h lien tyc ca chu n h |t va ngav II n iu thdi tiet tdt. Chic trong ngofc la ko nhin ro. d

3. 4.

Trong C /P^nlu khong cd thda thuan ve trong tai va luat dp dung khi cd tranh chap. s Theo Visby 1968 ve B/L ngiroi chuyen cho' phai boi thirdng trong trudng hgp mat mat va giao hang cham.s

5.

Trach nhiem cua MTO vdi hang hda dirge quy djnh trong Ban quy tic nam 1997.... SDR/Kien hoac don vj hang hda.

6. 7. 8. 9.

Nhap FAS Incoterm 1990 dieu.kifn-chi-phi xep_do-C/-P-ed-the thda thuan dupe. Khi di thue tau de chdirang ludn phai thdng qua ngudi mdi gidi.s Myc dich ciia C/P I&tao ra 1 fis u d n ju ffa jio c j^ de d iiu chinh-gac ben cd lien quan. Phai ludn d lu tranh trong mpi trudng hgp gianh quyen van tai de phat trien nganh v |n tai trong nude.s

10. Theo Hamburg 1978 ngudi chuyen trd chju trich nhiem bdi thudng vdi hang hoa...C Y hofic CFS. 11. C o sd phn chia v i a i i i t t o n g ogeeUhucmg la Incoterm 1989(1990).s 12. B/L ho&n hao the hien tinh trang t6t ciia hang hda v l be ngoai khi ngudi chuyea-chd... 13. Van tai la ngiinb san xuat d ie biet vi san pham t in tai doc lap so vdLqua trinh san xuat.s 14. Quy tic Hague quy djnh gioi h?n trfeh r.hifm cua ngudi chuyen c hd la .... 15. Tau chg ap dyng khi chuyen chd hang hda khdi lining tuy y va (khdng thay ddi Ijch) trinh cli?y tau.d 16. Quy udc Vacsava ve van tai hang khdng quy djnh gidi han trach nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd vdi 1 kien hang la 920 SDR.s 17. C/P(C/F) dieu chinh mdi quan h? giffa ngudi thue tau va ngudi nhan hang.s 18. C/P phan anh sd hieu v i qudc tjch ciia tau.d 19. FCL/LCL la nhan nguyen giao le.d 20. Quy tac Huage 1924 v l B/L quy djnh ngudi chuyen chd co irach nhiem vdi hang h da... 21. Tren the gidi cd 2 ngudn luat ciing cd hieu luc d iiu chinh vfin tai da phuong thirc la UNCTAD/TCC Rules va UN Convention 1980.S 22. B/L theo lenh chi cd th i ky hau theo lfnh.d 23. Mua ban hang hda theo CFR phai lay ducrc B/L da x lp. 24. Loi hang v$n la loi scr xuat trong qua trinh chain soc va bao quan hang hoa.s 25. COR dugc giri di vao trudc hoac trong khi giao hang theo Hamburg 1977.S 26. ULD la thiet bj xep hang hda cua v |n tai dudng bien.s 27. Thdi hail khiSu nai cua ngudi chuyen chd hang khdng la 2 nam theo cdng udc Vacsava.d

D a i hoc N goai thipang

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28. Th&i h?n trich nhifm cua ngirdi chuyen chd duong bien theo quy tic Hamburg l i tu m6c ciu den m6c cau.s 29. DWT l i don vj dung tfch cua tiu.s 30. B/L s?ch phii li B/L da xlp.s 31. 0 6 the mua bin hing hda bing cich ky h$u AWB.s

Chuc cac ban on thi t6t va dat k it qua cao!