Professional Documents
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MC LC
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MY V THIT B CHNG CT
10
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Nhc
im:
Thp chm.
- n gin.
- Tr lc thp.
- Tr lc kh cao.
- Thit b nng.
- Cu to phc tp.
- Khng lm vic vi
cht lng bn.
118
- n nh km.
11
- Yu cu lp t kht khe
-> lp a tht phng.
- Tr lc ln.
13
119
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17
Nhn xt: thp mm xuyn l l trng thi trung gian gia thp chm v
thp mm chp. Nn ta chn thp chng ct l thp mm xuyn l.
Vy: Chng ct h acid axetic - Nc ta dng thp mm xuyn l hot ng lin
tc p sut thng, cp nhit gin tip y thp.
H+
CH3-CH2O-H + HO-CO-CH3
CH3-COO-C2H5 + H2O
* Phn ng trn nhm hydroxyl:
+ Tc dng vi HX: CH3-CH2-OH + HX
CH3-CH2-X + H2O
+ Tc dng vi Triclo Pht pho:
CH3-CH2-OH + PCl3
CH3-CH2-Cl + POCl + HCl
+ Tc dng vi NH3: CH3-CH2-OH + NH3
+ Phn ng to eter v tch loi nc:
2CH3-CH2-OH
CH3-CH2-OH
H2SO4
>150o
HCSO
2
>150o
C
(CH3-CH2)2O
Al2O3
to
CH2=CH2 + H2O
C2H5-NH2 + H2O
H2O
20
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CH3-CH2-OH
Cu
200300oC
CH3-CHO + H2
+ Dung mi hu c:pha
sn..
+ Nguyn liu.
+ Ru
mi.
+ Dm.
Nhin
liu.
+ ng lc.
+ Thuc tr
su.
Etan
ol
+ Thuc
nhum.
+ T nhn to.
+ nha.
+ Keo dn.
+ Hng
liu.
+ St trng.
+ Pha ch
ttthu
v tr
c. ca etanol
+ Sn.
+
trong
cc
Vecni.
S tm
ngnh cng nghip.
Phng php iu ch: c nhiu phng php iu ch etanol: hydrat ho
etylen vi xc tc H2SO4; thu phn dn xut halogen v ester ca etanol khi
un nng vi nc xc tc dung dch baz; hydro ho aldyhyt actic; t cc
hp cht c kim
Trong cng nghip, iu ch etanol bng phng php ln men t ngun tinh
bt v r ng. Nhng nm gn y, nc ta cng ngh sn sut etanol ch
yu l s dng chng nm men Saccharomyses cerevisiae ln men tinh bt:
C6H6O6
2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 28 Kcal
Nm men
Zymaza
2 . Nc:
Trong iu kin bnh thng: nc l cht lng khng mu, khng mi, khng v
nhng khi nc dy s c mu xanh nht.
Khi ha rn n c th tn ti dng 5 dng tinh th khc nhau:
Khi lng phn t
: 18
g / mol
Khi lng ring d40 c
: 1
g / ml
0
Nhit nng chy
: 0C
Nhit si
: 1000 C
24
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
Nc l hp cht chim phn ln trn tri t (3/4 din tch tri t l nc bin)
v rt cn thit cho s sng.
Nc l dung mi phn cc mnh, c kh nng ho tan nhiu cht v l dung
mi rt quan trng trong k thut ha hc.
3 . Hn hp Etanol Nc:
Ta c bng thnh phn lng (x) hi (y) v nhit si ca hn hp Etanol Nc 760 mmHg:
x(%phn mol)
y(%phn mol)
t(oC)
0
0
118.
4
5
9.2
115.
4
10
16.7
113.
8
20
30.3
110.
1
30
42.5
40
53
107.5
105.8
50
62.6
104.
4
60
71.6
103.
3
70
79.5
102.
1
80
86.4
101.
3
90
93
100.
6
218
0
5
10
90
20
30
80
40
70 50
60
60 70
80
50 90
100
0
9.2
16.7
30.3
42.5
53
62.6
71.6
79.5
86.4
93
100
Y(%mol)
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
40
30
20
10
219
X(% m ol)
0
0
25
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
92
99.5
92
100
100
100
28
221
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32
268
MUC LUC
trang
269
33
L
I M
A
U
CHNG I : TO
NG QUAN...................................................................
I . LY
THUY E
T VECHNG CA
T
1 . Phng pha
p chng ca
t
2 . Thie
t bchng ca
t:
II . GI
I THIE
U S BONGUY E
N LIE
U
1 . Acid axetic
2 . N
c
3 . Ho
n hp Acid axetic N
c
III . CO
NG NGHECHNG CA
T HEACID AXETIC N
C
CHNG II : CA
N BA
NG VA
T CHA
T
I . CA
C THO
NG SOBAN A
U
II . XA
C NH SUA
T LNG SA
N PHA
M
NH VASA
N PHA
M
A
Y
III . XA
C NH TSOHOA
N LU THCH HP
1 . Tsohoa
n lu to
i thie
u
2 . Tsohoa
n lu thch hp
IV . PHNG TRNH
NG LA
M VIE
C SOMA
M LY
THUY E
T
1 . Phng trnh
ng no
ng ola
m vie
c cu
a oan ca
t
2 . Phng trnh
ng no
ng ola
m vie
c cu
a oan chng
3 . Soma
m lythuye
t
V . XA
C NH SOMA
M THC TE
CHNG III :TNH TOA
N THIE
T KETHA
P CHNG CA
T
I .
NG KNH THA
P
1 .
ng knh oan ca
t
2 .
ng knh oan chng
II . MA
M LO TRLC CU
A MA
M
1 . Ca
u tao ma
m lo
2 . ogia
m a
p cu
a pha kh qua mo
t ma
m
10
36
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11
40
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337
41
12
44
341 1/ tb = x / n + (1 x ) / a =0.775/995.6 +(1-0.775)/1039.6, tb =1005.17kg/m3)
342GF=QF* tb =5*1005.17=5025.86(kg/h).
343
Rmin
379
380
45
0.995 0.945
=2
0.945 0.92
13
48
381
382
383
384
385
2,9
0,995
x
R.
.x +
.x + D =
2,9 + 1
2,9 + 1
R +1
R +1
=0,7436.x + 0.2551
2,9 + 1.341
1.341 1
R+ f
f 1
.x +
.0.7
.x +
.xW =
2,9 + 1
2,9 + 1
R +1
R +1
386
= 1.087x 0.0612
387
Vi : f =
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
49
F 235.29
=
= 1.341 : ch s nhp liu .
D 175.47
3 . S mm l thuyt :
th xc nh s mm l thuyt :(Xem hnh trang sau ).
s mm l thuyt l Nlt = 27mm .20 mm ct,6 mm chng,1 mm nhp
liu
V . XC NH S MM THC T:
S mm thc t tnh theo hiu sut trung bnh :
N tt =
N lt
tb
(st2/170)
y* 1 x
=
1 y* x
Vi : x :phn mol ca nc trong pha lng .
y* : phn mol ca nc trong pha hi cn bng vi pha lng.
Lgmhh =x1lgm1 + x2lgm2 ,ti liu [4(tp 1) trang 84]
* Ti v tr nhp liu :
xF = 0.92 ta tra th cn bng ca h : y*F = 0.945
tF = 100.52 oC
y* F 1 x F
0.945 1 0.92
=
.
+ F =
= 1.494
*
1 0.945 0.92
1 y F xF
14
52
tW = 102.1 oC
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
y *W 1 x W
0.795 1 0.7
=
.
= 1.662
*
1 0.795 0.7
1 y W xW
426
+ D =
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
1.
+ W =
4Vtb
g tb
= 0,0188
.3600. tb
( y . y ) tb
(m)(t2 tr181)
440
Vtb :lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (m3/h).
441
tb :tc hi trung bnh i trong thp (m/s).
442
gtb : lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (Kg/h).
443
Lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng v on ct khc nhau.Do ,
444
ng knh on chng v on ct cng khc nhau .
445ng knh on ct :
446
a . Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp :
g + g1
g tb = d
447
(Kg/h)
2
448
gd : lng hi ra khi a trn cng ca thp (Kg/h).
449
g1 : lng hi i vo a di cng ca on ct (Kg/h).
450
Xc nh gd : gd = D.(R+1) =175.47(2,9+1) = 684.333 (Kmol/h)
451
= 12404.22(Kg/h)
452
(V MthD =18.yD+(1-yD).60 = 18.126(Kg/Kmol).
453 Xc nh g1 : T h phng trnh :
53
15
56
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
57
g 1 = G1 + D
g 1 . y1 = G1 .x1 + D.x D
g .r = g .r
d d
1 1
(III.1)
gh = 0,05. xtb
ytb
Vi : rxtb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng (Kg/m3) .
rytb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi (Kg/m3) .
Xc nh rytb :
ytb =
y1 + y D 0.939 + 0.997
=
=0.968
2
2
100.52 + 100.22
t +t
+ Nhit trung bnh on ct : ttb = F D =
=100.37oC
2
2
x F + x D 0.92 + 0995
=
= 0.4577
2
2
18.xtb
18.xtb + (1 xtb ).60
16
60
488
489
490
491
492
493
2.
958
=1.948 (m/s)
0.631
13245 .01
=2.181 (m).
1.559 * 0.631
502
Vi : G 1 : lng lng a th nht ca on chng .
503
r1 : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i vo a th nht ca on chng.
504
* Tnh r1 : xW =0.7 tra th cn bng ca h ta c : yW =0.795
505
Suy ra :Mtbg =18.yW +(1-yW).60=26.61 (Kg/kmol)
506
t1 = tW = 102.1oC , tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)], ta c :
507
An nhit ho hi ca nc : rN1 = 40512.96 (KJ/kmol) .
508
An nhit ho hi ca ru : rR1 =24195.24 (KJ/kmol) .
509
Suy ra : r1 = rN1.yW + (1-yW).rR1 = 37167.83 (KJ/kmol)
510
* Tnh r1:
511
r1 = rN1.y1 + (1-y1).ra1 = 24195.24 + 16317.72y1 =39517.579(KJ/kmol)
512
* W = 59.819 (Kmol/h)
513
Gii h (III.2) , ta c : x1 =0.788_ MtbG =26.9
514
G1 =804.91 (Kmol/h)
515
g1 = 745.09 (Kmol/h) = 20042.921(Kg/h)
20042 .921 + 14085 .799
516
Vy : gtb =
=17064.36 (Kg/h)
2
517
b . Tc hi trung bnh i trong thp :
518
Tc gii hn ca hi i trong thp vi mm xuyn l c ng chy chuyn :
' xtb
' gh = 0,05.
519
' ytb
520
521
522
61
17
64
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
' ytb =
y1 + yW 0.939 + 0.795
=
=0.867
2
2
100.52 + 102.1
t +t
+ Nhit trung bnh on chng :ttb= F W =
=101.31oC
2
2
ytb =
0.92 + 0.7
x F + xW
=
=0.81
2
2
18.x'tb
=0.5612
18.x 'tb +(1 x'tb ).60
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
x'
1 x'tb
=958 (Kg/m3)
Suy ra :rxtb = tb +
' N
'R
958
Suy ra : ' gh = 0,05.
=1.766 (m/s)
0,768
Dchng= 0,0188.
0,0188 2.g tb
Dt . ytb
2
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
65
II . MM L TR LC CA MM :
1 . Cu to mm l :
Chn : + ng knh l : dl = 8 (mm).
+ Tng din tch l bng 10% din tch mm.
+ Khong cch gia hai tm l bng 3 ln ng knh l (b tr l theo
tam gic u ).
+ T l b dy mm v ng knh l l 6/10 .
+ Din tch dnh cho ng chy chuyn l 20% din tch mm .
18
68
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
69
S l trn 1 mm :
10%.S mm
D
N=
= 0.1. t
S lo
dl
2.2
= 0.1.
=7562.5 l.
0,008
d lo
111] : Co = 0,7
i vi mm phn ct :
lv 1.533
=
=15.33 (m/s).
10%
0.1
+ Khi lng ring ca pha hi : rG = ytb = 0.631 (Kg/m3).
+ Khi lng ring ca pha lng : rL = xtb = 958 (Kg/m3).
Suy ra gim p qua mm kh phn ct :
15.33 2 0.631
.
hk = 51.
=16.11(mm.cht lng).
2
0.7 958
+ Vn tc pha hi qua l : uo =
i vi mm phn chng :
'lv 1.623
=
=16.23 (m/s).
10%
0.1
+ Khi lng ring ca pha hi : rG = ytb = 0.768 (Kg/m3).
+ Khi lng ring ca pha lng : rL = xtb = 958 (Kg/m3).
Suy ra gim p qua mm kh phn chng :
16.23 2 0.768
.
h' k = 51.
= 21.98 (mm.cht lng).
2
0,7 958
b . gim p do chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm :
+ Vn tc pha hi qua l : uo =
19
72
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
q
how = 43.4. L
Lw
597
, (mm.cht lng)
598
599
600
601
602
603
180
604
605
606
607
R.D.M tb 2.9.175.47.19.785
=
= 0.175 (m3/ph).(T10/285)
60. xtb
60.958
608
Phn ct : q L =
609
Vi: Mtb=0.9575*18+(1-.9575)*60=19.785
2
0.175 3
= 43.4.
= 9.926 (mm).
1.6
610
Suy ra : how
611
612
(G
* R + G F ).M tb
613
614
Vi:Mtb=0.81*18+(1-0.81)*60=25.98
774.153 * 25.98
=0.336 (m3/ph).
60.958
615
0.336 3
Suy ra : h' ow = 43.4.
= 15.333 (mm).
1.6
621
622
623
hR = 625.54.
, (mm.cht lng)
L .d l
Vi : + : sc cng b mt ca cht lng (dyn/cm).
+ L : khi lng ring ca pha lng (Kg/m3).
Phn ct :
73
20
616
617
618
619
620
76
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
14.849.10 3
hR = 625.54.
= 1.212 (mm.cht lng).
958.0.008
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
h' R = 625.54.
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
14.849.10 3
= 1.212 (mm.cht lng).
958.0.008
657
658
659
660
661
77
Phn chng :
* Khi lng ring ca pha lng : rL = xtb = 958 (Kg/m3).
* ttb = 101.31oC ,tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)], ta c :
+ Sc cng b mt ca nc : N = 58.9 (dyn/cm).
+ Sc cng b mt ca acid : a = 19.8 (dyn/cm).
Suy ra :Sc cng b mt ca cht lng phn chng :
' . '
' = N a = 14.819 (dyn/cm).
' N + ' a
Vy : gim p do sc cng b mt phn chng l :
, (mm.cht lng)
21
80
2
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
10.5
Suy ra : hd ' = 0.128.
= 0.00018 (mm.cht lng).
100.2.76
hmm 400
=
= 200 (mm) : m bo khi hot ng
2
2
669
670
671
672
673
20.16
Suy ra : h' d ' = 0.128.
= 0.00068 (mm.cht lng).
100.2.76
hmm 400
=
= 200 (mm) : m bo khi hot ng
2
2
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
81
22
84
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
85
=203889.18 (N/m2).
Suy ra : Ptt = 203889.18 + 26148.95 =230038.12 (N/m2) ~0.23(N/mm2).
Nhit tnh ton :
Chn nhit tnh ton : ttt = ty = 102.1oC .
Tra ti liu tham kho [5], ng sut tiu chun i vi thp X18H10T :
[]* = 142 (N/mm2).(t22)
i vi acid h s hiu chnh : = 1
Vy : ng sut cho php : [] = .[]* = 142 (N/mm2).
Xc nh b dy thn chu p sut trong :
Ta chn phng php ch to thn l phng php hn h quang in bng tay
nn h s bn mi hn : h = 0,95
[ ] . = 142 .0.95
Xt t s :
=586.52 > 25,do , b dy tnh ton ca thn
h
Ptt
0.23
Dt .Ptt
2200 .0.23
=
=1.87 (mm).
2.[ ]. h 2.142.0,95
23
88
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
89
[ Ptt ] =
Dt + ( S t C a )
2200 + ( 5.215 2 )
2 . y v np thit b :
Chn y v np c dng l ellipise tiu chun, c g bng thp X18H10T.
Nhn thy: cng thc tnh ton b dy thn, y v np chu p sut trong l nh nhau.
Nn chn b dy ca y v np l S = Sn = 5(mm).
Cc kch thc ca y v np ellipise tiu chun, c g(ti liu tham kho [4(tp 2)]:
+ ng knh trong: Dt = 2200 (mm).
+ ht =550(mm).
+ Chiu cao g: hg = h = 25 (mm).
+Din tch b mt trong: Sy = 4.48 (m2).
Theo ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 2)- trang 423], ng vi Dt =2200(mm) v p sut
tnh ton Ptt = 0.23(N/mm2) ta chn bch c cc thng s sau :
Dt
Db
D1
Do
h
Bu lng
D
db
Z
24
92
2200
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
93
2360
mm
2300
(ci)
2260
2215
40
27
56
Theo ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 2)- trang 170], chn s mm gia hai mt bch l10
mm.Vy, s bch ghp thn-y-np l 6 bch.
kn ca mi ghp bch ch yu do vt m quyt nh. m lm bng cc vt liu
mm hn so vi vt liu bch. Khi xit bu lng, m b bin dng v in y ln cc ch
g gh trn b mt ca bch. Vy, m bo kn cho thit b ta chn m l dy
aming, c b dy l 3(mm).
a . V tr nhp liu :
Sut lng nhp liu: QF = 5 (m3/h).
Chn vn tc cht lng nhp liu (t chy t bn cao v vo mm nhp liu): vF
= 0.2 (m/s).
ng knh ng nhp liu: dF =
4.QF
4.5
=
= 0.094 (m).
3600 . .v F
3600 . .0.2
[18. y D + (1 y D ).60].273
22.4.( t D + 273)
25
= 0.592 (Kg/m3).
96
gd
= 20953.07 (m3/h).
h
773
774
775
ng knh ng dn hi: dh =
776
777
778
779
Db
Dn
4.Qh
=
3600 . .v h
D1
4.20953 .07
= 0.247 (m).
3600 . .30
Bu lng
db
250
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
335
273
(mm)
370
312
22
Ghl
= 9.67 (m3/h).
hl
4.Qhl
4.9.67
=
= 0.092 (m).
3600 . .vhl
3600. .0.4
[18. yW + (1 yW ).60].273
22,4.( tW + 273)
= 0.865 (Kg/m3).
g '1
= 23171 (m3/h).
hd
797
798
799
800
97
16
Z
(ci)
12
4.Qhl
4.23171
=
= 0.256 (m).
3600 . .v hl
3600 . .30
100
801
802
803
Db
Dn
D1
Bu lng
db
250
804
805
806
807
808
335
273
(mm)
370
312
22
16
Z
(ci)
12
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
4.QL
4.22.6
=
=0.099(m).
3600 . .v L
3600 . .0.8
821
Lu lng sn phm y: QW =
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
=0.091(m).
Suy ra: chn ng knh ng dn: dW = 0.1 (m).
Ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 2)], chn chiu di on ng ni ghp mt bch:
lW = 100 (mm).
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn sn phm y:
Dn
Dy
Db
D1
h
Bu lng
D
db
Z
(ci)
mm
101
27
4.QW
4.1.91
=
3600 . .vW
3600 . .0,08
104
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
100
205
108
170
148
14
16
4
5 . Tai treo v chn :
Tnh trng lng ca ton thp:
Khi lng ca mt bch ghp thn: (thp X18H10T: X18H10T = 7900 (Kg/m3)).
2
2
2
2
m1 = . D Dt .h. X 18 H 10T = .( 2.36 2.2 )0.04.7900 = 51.08(Kg).
4
= 21053.18 (Kg).
Khi lng ca y (np) thp:
m4 = Sy . y . X18H10T = 4.48 . 0.005 . 7900 = 86.96 (Kg).
Khi lng ca ton thp: m = 6.m1+50.m2+m3+2.m4=24647.72(Kg).
Suy ra trng lng ca ton thp: P = m.g = 241794.13(N).
Chn thp:
Chn chn : thp c trn bn chn. Ti trng cho php trn mt chn:
Gc =P/4=241794.13/4 =6.0448.5.104 (N).
m bo an ton cho thit b, ta chn: Gc = 6.104 (N).
Truc thie
t b
Theo a
y
thie
t b
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
105
B
240
B1
260
B2
370
H
450
h
226
s
18
L
110
d
34
Tai treo:
Chn tai treo: tai treo c gn trn thn thp gi cho thp khi b dao ng
trong iu kin ngoi cnh. Ta chn bn tai treo, ti trng cho php trn mt tai
treo l Gt = 6.045.104 (N).
m bo an ton cho thit b, ta chn: Gt = 6.104 (N).
28
108
855
856
857
858
859
860
B
200
B1
205
H
350
S
12
861
862
863
864
865
109
29
l
100
a
25
d
34
112
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
113
t D + t o 100.22 + 20
=
= 60.11oC , tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)], ta
2
2
116
908
909
910
911
912
Vy: T (IV.1), ta c:
QD = 175.47*18.21*4158.27 .(100.22-20) =1065880.148 (KJ/h).
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
117
1
.(QW + QD + Qnt QF )
0,95
1
(27747853.06 -1515059.514+454448.783+1065880.148)
0,95
t1 + t 2
=39oC:
2
Qnt
27747853.0 6
=
= 57.69 (Kg/s).
3600.c N .(t 2 t1 ) 3600 .4.175.(50 28)
b . Xc nh b mt truyn nhit :
B mt truyn nhit c xc nh theo phng trnh truyn nhit:
Ftb =
Qnt
K .t log
,(m2)
(IV.2).
=66.56(oK).
Xc nh h s truyn nhit K:
H s truyn nhit K c tnh theo cng thc:
31
120
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
N
A
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.3).
GN
4
57.69
4
.
=
.
=60 (ng).
2
N .d tr .v N
992 .0.0512.0.5
Chun s Reynolds :
v d .
0.5.0.051.992
Re N = N . tr N =
=38560.98> 10000 : ch chy
N
0.656.10 3
ri, cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt c dng:
Nu N = 0,021. l . Re N
0 ,8
PrN
0 , 43
.(
PrN 0, 25
)
Prw
956
957
Trong :
+ l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo ReN v t l chiu di ng vi
958
ng knh ng:ReN=38560.98 v
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
121
L
3
=
= 58.8 ,nn l =1.
d tr 0.051
t w1 t w 2
, (W/m2).
rt
Trong :
+ rt =
t
+r
t
32
124
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
= 0.725 A * (
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
(t ngt
r
) 0.25
tW 1 )d ng
1
1
1
1
= 615.9(W/m2.oK).
+
+
2500.17 2692 .31 1173.4
991
T (IV.3):
992
993
994
995
996
Ftb =
27747853.0 6 .1000
= 188 (m2).
3600.615.9.66.56
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
188
= 5.93(m).
0.057 + 0.051
L=
< 6(m) : tho.
.187.
2
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
125
128
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
129
Qd
8115
=
= 3.624 (Kg/s).
rN
2239.51
b . Xc nh b mt truyn nhit :
B mt truyn nhit c xc nh theo phng trnh truyn nhit:
Qd
K .t log
Ftb =
,(m2)
(IV.12).
Xc nh h s truyn nhit K:
H s truyn nhit K c tnh theo cng thc:
K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
N
D
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.13).
rN
N = 0,725. A.
(t sN t w1 ).d tr
0 , 25
2239 .51.1000
= 0,725.183.5.
(120 115).0.051
0 , 25
=7242.31(W/m2.oK).
Nhit ti pha hi:
q N = N .(t sN t w1 ) = 73,415. A.(119,6 t w1 ) 0, 75 (W/m2) (IV.14).
* Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu:
qt =
t w1 t w 2
, (W/m2).
rt
34
132
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
Trong :
+ rt =
t
+ r1 + r2
t
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
4186,8
.39.p0,6.(105 102.1)2,33
3600
1
= 1598.4
1
1
1
(W/m2.oC).
+
+
12878 .85 1838.77 242120 .55
1066
T (IV.13):
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
133
8115.1000
= 268.19 (m2).
1598 .4.18.93
268.19
=
0.051 + 0.057 8.45(m).
.187.
2
Chn: L = 9(m)
Vy: ni un gia nhit sn phm y l thit b truyn nhit v - ng vi s ng
n =187, chiu di ng truyn nhit L = 9(m).
Ong c b tr theo hnh lc gic u. Nn ta c s ng trn ng cho
hnh lc gic: b = 63(ng). Chn bc ng: t=0.0684 (m).
ng knh v thit b: Dv = t.(2no +1)=0.0684*(2*31+1)=4.3 (m)
35
136
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
t ' D +t D
=80.11oC:
2
3195.31
GD
.cD.(tD-tD) =
.4.195.(100.22-60)=149.76(KW).
3600
3600
28oC, ta xem nhit dung ring ca nhp liu l hng s, hay nhit dung
ring ca acid ca = 2.04 (KJ/kg.).
Suy ra: cF = 4.18 . x F +(1- x F ). ca = 4.18.0.775+(1-0.775).2.04
= 3. 699 (KJ/kg.).
Nhit nhp liu sau khi trao i nhit vi sn phm y:
Qt
149.76
+ t 'F =
+ 28
5025 .86
tF = cF .GF
= 57oC.
3.699.
3600
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
137
t" F +t ' F 57 + 28
=
= 42.5 oC:
2
2
Qt
K .t log
,(m2)
(IV.17).
Xc nh h s truyn nhit K:
H s truyn nhit K c tnh theo cng thc:
K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
F
W
,(W/m2.oK)
36
(IV.18).
140
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
QF
4
5
4
.
=
.
= 4 (m/s).
2
3600. .d tr 3600. .0.0212
Chun s Reynolds :
v d .
4.0.021.998.17
Re F = F tr F =
= 130284 .22 > 104 : ch chy ri,
F
0.65.10 3
cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt c dng:
Nu F = 0.021. l . Re F
0 ,8
PrF
0 , 43
.(
PrF 0, 25
)
Prw 2
Trong :
+ l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo ReF v t l chiu di ng vi
ng knh ng: chn l =1.
+ PrF : chun s Prandlt ca dng nhp liu 42.5oC, nn
F .c F 0.65.10 3.3699
=
PrF =
= 4.71.
F
0.51
1145
1146
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
d tr
4822,267
1147
q F = F .(t w 2 t tbF ) =
1148
1149
1150
141
qt =
Prw 2
0 , 25
t w1 t w 2
, (W/m2).
rt
Trong :
37
(t w 2 44,783) (W/m2)
(IV.19).
144
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
+ rt =
t
+ r1 + r2
t
GD
4
3195.31
4
.
=
.
2
2
2
3600 . D .( D tr d ng ) 3600 .971.8 .(0.034 0.025 2 )
= 2.19(m/s).
ng knh tng ng: dtd = Dtr dng = 0.034- 0.025 = 0.009 (m).
Chun s Reynolds :
v d .
2.19.0.009.971.8
Re D = D td D =
= 53955 .43 > 104 : ch chy
D
0.355.10 3
ri, cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt c dng:
Nu D = 0,021. l . Re D
0 ,8
PrD
0 , 43
PrD 0, 25
)
Prw1
.(
1176
Trong :
+ l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo ReW v t l chiu di ng vi
ng knh ng,chn l =1.
+ PrD : chun s Prandlt ca sn phm nh 80.11oC
D .c D
= 0.355.10-3*4195/0.675=2.2
PrD =
D
Prw1 =2.81
Suy ra: NuD =0.021*1*53955.430.8 2.20.43 *(2.2/2.81)0.25=169.25
H s cp nhit ca sn phm y trong ng ngoi:
Nu D . D
= 169.25*0.675/0.009=12693.45(W/m2.oK)
D =
1177
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
145
d td
qW = W .(t tbD t w1 ) =
5258,569
149.76.1000
= 2.58 (m2).
1554 .03.37.33
38
148
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
2.58
= 35.73
0.025 + 0.021
(m).
.
2
Chn: L = 40(m).
Vy: thit b trao i nhit gia dng nhp liu l thit b truyn nhit ng lng
ng vi chiu di ng truyn nhit L = 40(m), chia thnh 10 dy, mi dy di 4
(m).
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
149
Chn thit b gia nhit nhp liu l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng. Ong truyn
nhit c lm bng thp X18H10T, kch thc ng trong:25x2; kch thc ng
ngoi: 38x2.
Dng nhp liu i trong ng 25x2 (ng trong) vi nhit u: tF =57oC ,nhit
cui: tF =100.52oC.
Chn hi t l hi nc 1.5 at, i trong ng 38x2(ng ngoi). Tra ti liu tham
kho [4 (tp 1)], ta c:
+ Nhit si: tsN = 110.05oC.
+ An nhit ngng t: rN = 2219.32 (KJ/kg).
Cc tnh cht l hc ca dng nhp liu c tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)]
t " F +t F
=78.76oC:
2
5025.896
GF
.cF.(tF tF) =
.3.767.(100.52 -57)=228.87 (KW).
3600
3600
Qc
228.87
=
= 0.1 (Kg/s).
rN
2219.32
b . Xc nh b mt truyn nhit :
B mt truyn nhit c xc nh theo phng trnh truyn nhit:
Ftb =
Qt
K .t log
,(m2)
39
(IV.22).
152
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
153
Xc nh h s truyn nhit K:
H s truyn nhit K c tnh theo cng thc:
K=
1
1
1
+ rt +
F
N
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.23).
QF
4
5
4
.
=
.
= 4(m/s).
2
3600. .d ng 3600. .0.0212
Chun s Reynolds :
v d .
4.0.021.974.86
Re F = F td F =
= 224269 .52 > 104 : ch chy
F
0.377.10 3
ri, cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt c dng:
Nu F = 0.021. l . Re F
0 ,8
PrF
0 , 43
.(
PrF 0, 25
)
Prw 2
Trong :
+ l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo ReW v t l chiu di ng vi
ng knh ng ,chn l =1.
+ PrF : chun s Prandlt ca dng nhp liu 78.76oC, nn
c .
3767.0.377.10 3
PrF = F F =
= 2.29
F
0.62
Chn
tw2 =95o C: nhit ca vch tip xc vi dng nhp liu
tw1 =105o C: nhit ca vch tip xc vi hi nc
ttbw =(95+105)/2=100oC
+ Nhit dung ring: cF = 3.825 (KJ/kg.).
+ Khi lng ring: F =958 (Kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: F = 0.295.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: F = 0.628 (W/moK).
c F . F 3825.0.295.10 3
=
Prw2 =
=1.797
F
0.628
Suy ra:
NuF =0.021*1* 224269 .52 0.8 *2.290.43 *(2.29/1.797)0.25 =607.98
H s cp nhit ca dng nhp liu trong ng nh:
40
156
F =
1254
Nu F . F
= 607.98*0.628/0.021=18181.38(W/m2.oK).
d td
1255
1256
q F = F .(t w 2 t tbF ) =
1257
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
Prw 2
0, 25
(t w2 74,033) (W/m2)
qt =
Trong :
+ rt =
t w1 t w 2
, (W/m2).
rt
t
+ r1 + r2
t
rN
N= 0,725. A.
(t sN t w ).d td
0 , 25
2219.32.1000
= 0,725. A.
(110.05 100).0.009
K=
1
= 1538.9
1
1
1
(W/m2.oC).
+
+
18181 .38 2054 .66 9249 .47
T (IV.23):
1279
1280
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
157
0 , 25
1278
1281
(IV.24).
1258
1259
6715,679
228.87.1000
=5.87 (m2).
1538 .9.25.35
5.87
= 81.24
0.025 + 0.021
(m).
.
2
Chn: L = 92(m)
Vy: thit b gia nhit dng nhp liu l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng vi
chiu di ng truyn nhit L =92 (m), chia thnh 23 dy, mi dy di 4(m).
41
160
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
161
=
.(t v1 t v 2 ) = a .t v (W/m2).
qm =
(IV.27)
f tb a
a
Vi: + tv1 : nhit ca lp cch nhit tip xc vi b mt ngoi ca thp.
+ tv1 : nhit ca lp cch nhit tip xc vi khng kh.
+ tv : hiu s nhit gia hai b mt ca lp cch nhit.
Nhn thy: qm = const, nn chn tv = tmax = ty -tkk ,tkk = 28oC.
Suy ra tv = 100 28 = 72oC.
+ ftb : din tch b mt trung bnh ca thp (k c lp cch nhit).
ftb = .H.Dtb = .H.(Dt + Sthn + a)
T (IV.27), ta c phng trnh:
13,2574.1000
0,151
=
.72
.14,5.(0,500 + 0,003 + a )
a
42
164
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
t F + t'F
= 64.26 oC:
2
QF
4
5
4
.
=
.
= 0.7 (m/s).
2
3600. F .d
3600 .0.05 2
1323
a . Tn tht ng ng dn:
1324
l
v 2
h1 = 1 . 1 + 1 . F
d1
2.g
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
(m).
1334
50 7
d 7
+ Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh1= 6. 1 = 6. =7289,343
0,1
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
165
50 8
d 8
Ren1= 220. 1 = 220. =23.9.104.
0,1
Suy ra: Regh1 < Re1< Ren1: khu vc chy qu , khi (ti liu tham
kho [4 (tp 1)]):
0 , 25
100
= 0.0255
1= 0.1.1.46. +
d1
Re 1
* Xc nh 1:
H s tn tht ca dng nhp liu qua:
+ 10 ch un cong: u1=10.1,1 = 11.
+ 3 van (van thng): v1= 3.0.79 =2.37.
+ 1 lu lng k: l1 = 0 (khng ng k).
Suy ra: 1 = u1 + v1 + t 1+ m1 + l1 = 13.37.
43
168
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
2
20
0.7
0
.
0255
.
+
13
.
37
.
2.9.81
v 2
l
h2 = 2 . 2 + 2 . 2
d2
2.g
(m).
1358
21 7
d 7
+ Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh2= 6. 2 = 6. =2704.68.
0,1
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
169
21 8
d 8
Ren2= 220. 2 = 220. =90140.38.
0,1
Suy ra: Regh2 < Ren2< Re2: khu vc vng nhm, khi (ti liu tham
kho [4 (tp 1)]):
2 =1/(1.14+2*lg(dtd /))2 = 0.0299
* Xc nh 2:
H s tn tht ca dng nhp liu qua:
+ 9 ch ng cong quay ngc: q2=9*0.7 = 3.6.
+ 1 ln co hp: c2 = 0.3
+ 1 ln m rng: m2 =0.36
Suy ra: 2 = q2 + c2+ m 2 =4.26
Vy:Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b trao i nhit: h2=
2
40
4
+ 4.26 .
0.0299.
=25.46(m).
0.021
2.9.81
v3 2
l3
h3 = 3 . + 3 .
d3
2.g
(m).
172
8
1382
21 7
d 7
+ Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh3= 6. 3 = 6. =2704.68.
0,1
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
21 8
d 8
Ren3= 220. 3 = 220. =90140.38.
0,1
Suy ra: Regh2 < Ren2< Re2: khu vc vng nhm, khi (ti liu tham
kho [4 (tp 1)]):
2 =1/(1.14+2*lg(dtd /))2 = 0.0299
* Xc nh 3:
H s tn tht ca dng nhp liu qua:
+ 22 ch ng cong quay ngc: q3=22.0.7 = 15.4.
+ 1 ln co hp: c2 = 0.3.
+ 1 ln m rng: m2 =0.36
Suy ra: 3 = q3 + c3+ m 3 =16.06.
Vy:Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b gia nhit: h3=
2
92
4
0
.
0299
.
+
16
.
06
.
=27.8(m).
0.021
2.9.81
1400
P P v v1
hay z1 = z2 + 2 1 + 2
+hf1-2
F .g
2.g
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
P P v v1
Vy: Chiu cao bn cao v: Hcv = z2 + 2 1 + 2
+hf1-2
F .g
2.g
18526 .27
0.2 2 0
+
+ 130.54
984.74.9.81 2.9.81
1415
=6.0842 +
1416
= 138.54(m).
173
45
176
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
2 . Chn bm:
Lu lng nhp liu: QF = 5(m3/h).
Chn bm c nng sut l Qb = 5.2 (m3/h).ng knh ng ht, ng y bng
nhau v bng 50(mm),ngha l chn ng 38x2.
Cc tnh cht l hc ca dng nhp liu c tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)]
ng vi nhit trung bnh tF = 28 oC:
+ Khi lng ring: F = 1005.17 (Kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: F = 0.857.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng ht v y:
vh = vd =
4.Qb
3600. .d h
4.5.2
= 1.59(m/s).
3600 . .0.034 2
Tng tr lc trong ng ht v ng y:
hhd = .
v 2
lh + ld
+ h + d . h
dh
2.g
1439
34 7
d 7
+ Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh= 6. h = 6. =4691.05.
0.1
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
177
d
Ren= 220. h
34 8
= 220. =155001.7.
0.1
Suy ra: Regh2 < Ren2< Ren: khu vc vng nhm, khi (ti liu tham
kho [4 (tp 1)]):
2 =1/(1.14+2*lg(dtd /))2 = 0.026
* Xc nh h:
H s tn tht cc b trong ng ht qua:
+ 1 ln vo ming thu nh: t = 0.2.
Suy ra: h = t =0.2.
* Xc nh d:
H s tn tht cc b trong ng y qua:
+ 2 ln un gc: u =2.1.6 = 3.2.
Suy ra: h = u =3.2.
Vy:Tn tht trong ng ht v ng y:
46
180
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
181
2
2 + 145
1.59
0
.
026
.
+
0
.
2
+
3
.
2
.
hhd =
=14.92(m).
0.034
2.9.81
47
184
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
Vt liu
S lng
n ga
Thp X18H10T
650,117 (kg)
50000 (/kg)
32505850
Thp CT3
565,498 (kg)
10000 (/kg)
5654980
Bulng
320 (bulng)
3000 (/bulng)
960000
185
0,014). 7850
= 565,498(Kg).
S lng bulng cn mua:
n = 15.20 + 4.5 = 320 (bulng).
Th tch vt liu cch nhit cn dng:
V = .(Dt + St ). a .H = .(0,5 + 0,003).0,02.14,5 = 0,4583(m3).
Chiu di ng dn:
* Ong 25mm: L1= Lb +LTBTN +LTBGN +Lni un +LTBnt +LTBln
= 13 + 18 + 15 + 91.1,5 + 91.1,5 + 20.2 =359(m)~360(m).
* Ong (31-50)mm: L2= Ldn + LTBGN +LTBTN +l1 = 40 +15 +18 +20
= 93(m) ~ 95(m).
* Ong 100mm: chn ng dn hi nh v y thp: L3 = 10(m).
Knh quan st: ng knh l:100(mm), dy 5(mm).
S = 2. 0,12 = 0,0157(m2).
0,4583 (m )
48
Thnh tin
4000000 (/m )
1833200
188
Ong dn 25mm
360 (m)
15000 (/m)
5400000
Ong dn (31-50)mm
95 (m)
20000 (/m)
1900000
Ong dn 100mm
10 (m)
40000 (/m)
400000
B phn ni 25mm
27 (ci)
30000 (/ci)
810000
B phn ni (31-50)mm
33 (ci)
50000 (/ci)
1650000
Bm
2.0,064 (hp)
700000 (/hp)
89600
Ap k t ng
1 (ci)
600000 (/ci)
600000
Nhit k in tr t ghi
5 (ci)
200000 (ci)
1000000
Lu lng k (<50mm)
2 (ci)
1000000 (/ci)
2000000
6.0,0157 (m2)
120000 (/m2)
11304
5 (ci)
20000 (/ci)
100000
8 (ci)
30000 (/ci)
240000
Racco ni ng
8 (ci)
30000 (/ci)
240000
Tng cng
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
189
55394934
II . KT LUN:
+ Thit k c thp chng ct Etanol Nc tng i hon chnh khi bit
trc nng sut, nng nhp liu v nng , thu hi ca sn phm nh.
+ Tnh ton tng i chi tit qu trnh lm vic ca thit bv kh nng chu
bn ca thit b v tnh n mn c hc v ho hc, cng nh iu kin lm vic ca
thit b.
+ S b tnh c chi ph u t ban u cho thp chng ct.
c tnh k thut ca thit b chng ct thit k ng vi cc thng s cho
ban u:
+ T s hon lu thch hp: R = 2,973.
+ S mm chng ct thc t: 53 mm.
+ ng knh thp chng ct: 500 mm.
+ ng knh l trn mm: 3 mm.
+ B dy mm: 1,8 mm.
+ S l trn mt mm: 2716 l.
+ Tr lc ca ton thp: 20199,9 N/m2.
+ Khong cch gia hai mm: 250 mm.
+ Chiu cao thp: 14,5 m.
+ Thn y np lm bng thp X18H10T, c b dy: 3 mm.
+ Bch ghp thn y np lm bng thp X18H10T, loi bch lin khng
c.
+ Bch ghp ng dn lm bng thp CT3, loi bch lin khng c.
+ ng knh ng dn cht lng: 50 mm.
+ ng knh ng dn hi: 100 mm.
u v nhc im ca thp chng ct mm xuyn l c tm tt phn u
(chng I, mc I.2).
49
192
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
193
50
196
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
197
51