cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 I. DI TRUYN HC PHN T. 1. Tnh s nucltit ca ADN hoc ca gen a.

i vi mi mch ca gen : - Trong ADN, 2 mch b sung nhau , nn s nu v chiu di ca 2 mch bng nhau N A1 + T1 + G1 + X1 = T2 + A2 + X2 + G2 = 2 A1 = T2 ; T1 = A2 ; G1 = X2 ; X1 = G2 b. i vi c 2 mch : - S nu mi loi ca ADN l s nu loi c 2 mch : A =T = A1 + A2 = T1 + T2 = A1 + T1 = A2 + T2 G =X = G1 + G2 = X1 + X2 = G1 + X1 = G2 + X2 Ch :khi tnh t l % % A1 + % A2 %T 1 + %T 2 = %A = % T = = .. 2 2 %G1 + %G 2 % X 1 + % X 2 = %G = % X = =. 2 2 c. Tng s nu ca ADN (N) Tng s nu ca ADN l tng s ca 4 loi nu A + T + G+ X . Nhng theo nguyn tc b sung (NTBS) A= T, G=X . V vy, tng s nu ca ADN c tnh l : N = 2A + 2G = 2T + 2X hay N = 2( A+ G) N Do A + G = hoc %A + %G = 50% 2 d. Tnh s chu k xon ( C ) Mt chu k xon gm 10 cp nu = 20 nu . khi bit tng s nu ( N) ca ADN : N N = C . 20 => C = 20 e. Tnh khi lng phn t ADN (M ) : Mt nu c khi lng trung bnh l 300 vc. khi bit tng s nu suy ra M = N x 300 vc f. Tnh chiu di ca phn t ADN ( L ) : N L= . 3,4A0 2 n v thng dng : 1 micrmet = 10 4 angstron ( A0 ) 1 micrmet = 103 nanmet ( nm) 1 mm = 103 micrmet = 106 nm = 107 A0 2. Tnh s lin kt Hir v lin kt Ha Tr P a. S lin kt Hir ( H ) H = 2A + 3 G hoc H = 2T + 3X b. S lin kt ho tr ( HT ) N S lin kt ho tr ni cc nu trn 1 mch gen : -1 2 Trong mi mch n ca gen, 2 nu ni vi nhau bng 1 lk ho tr, 3 nu ni nhau bng 2 lin kt ho N N tr nu ni nhau bng -1 2 2 N S lin kt ho tr ni cc nu trn 2 mch gen : 2( -1) 2 N Do s lin kt ho tr ni gia cc nu trn 2 mch ca ADN : 2( -1) 2 Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh -1- Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 S lin kt ho tr ng photpht trong gen ( HT-P) Ngoi cc lin kt ho tr ni gia cc nu trong gen th trong mi nu c 1 lk ho tr gn thnh phn ca H3PO4 vo thnh phn ng . Do s lin kt ho tr P trong c ADN l : HT-P = 2( N - 1 ) + N = 2 (N 1) 2

3. C ch nhn i ca AND. a. Tnh nucltit mi trng cung cp Qua 1 ln t nhn i ( t sao , ti sinh , ti bn ) + Khi ADN t nhn i hon ton 2 mch u lin kt cc nu t do theo NTBS : AADN ni vi TT do v ngc li ; GADN ni vi X T do v ngc li . V vy s nu t do mi loi cn dng bng s nu m loi n b sung Atd =Ttd = A = T ; Gtd = Xtd = G = X + S nu t do cn dng bng s nu ca ADN Ntd = N Qua nhiu t t nhn i ( x t ) + Tnh s ADN con - 1 ADN m qua 1 t t nhn i to 2 = 21 ADN con - 1 ADN m qua 2 t t nhn i to 4 = 22 ADN con - 1 ADN m qua3 t t nhn i to 8 = 23 ADN con - 1 ADN m qua x t t nhn i to 2x ADN con Vy : Tng s ADN con = 2x - D t t nhn i no, trong s ADN con to ra t 1 ADN ban u, vn c 2 ADN con m mi ADN con ny c cha 1 mch c ca ADN m . V vy s ADN con cn li l c c 2 mch cu thnh hon ton t nu mi ca mi trng ni bo . S ADN con c 2 mch u mi = 2x 2 + Tnh s nu t do cn dng : - S nu t do cn dng th ADN tri qua x t t nhn i bng tng s nu sau cng trong cc ADN con tr s nu ban u ca ADN m Tng s nu sau cng trong trong cc ADN con : N.2x S nu ban u ca ADN m :N V vy tng s nu t do cn dng cho 1 ADN qua x t t nhn i : N td = N .2x N = N( 2X -1) - S nu t do mi loi cn dng l: A td = T td = A( 2X -1) = X td = G( 2X -1) + Nu tnh s nu t do ca ADN con m c 2 mch hon tan mi : N td hon ton mi = N( 2X - 2)
td

A G

td hon ton mi td hon ton mi

T X

td td

= A( 2X -2) = G( 2X 2)

4.Tnh s nucltit ca ARN: - ARN thng gm 4 loi ribnu : A ,U , G , X v c tng hp t 1 mch ADN theo NTBS . V v s ribnu ca ARN bng s nu 1 mch ca ADN N rN = rA + rU + rG + rX = 2 - Trong ARN A v U cng nh G v X khng lin kt b sung nn khng nht thit phi bng nhau . S b sung ch c gia A, U , G, X ca ARN ln lt vi T, A, X, G ca mch gc ADN . V vy s nucltit mi loi ca ARN bng s nu b sung mch gc ADN . Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh -2- Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 rA = T gc ; rU = A gc rG = X gc ; rX = Ggc * Ch : Ngc li , s lng v t l % tng loi nu ca ADN c tnh nh sau : + S lng : A = T = rA + rU G = X = rR + rX + T l % : %rA + %rU % A = %T = 2 %rG + %rX %G = % X = 2 5. Tnh khi lng ARN (MARN) Mt nucltit c khi lng trung bnh l 300 vc, nn: N MARN = rN . 300vc = . 300 vc 2 6. Tnh chiu di v s lin kt ho tr (lin kt phosphodieste) p ca ARN a. Tnh chiu di : - ARN gm c mch rN ribnu vi di 1 nu l 3,4 A0 . V vy chiu di ARN bng chiu di ADN tng hp nn ARN N - V vy LADN = LARN = rN . 3,4A0 = . 3,4 A0 2 b. Tnh s lin kt ho tr P: + Trong chui mch ARN : 2 ribnu ni nhau bng 1 lin kt ho tr , 3 ribnu ni nhau bng 2 lin kt ho tr Do s lin kt ho tr ni cc ribnu trong mch ARN l rN 1 + Trong mi ribnu c 1 lin kt ho tr gn thnh phn axit H3PO4 vo thnh phn ng . Do s lin kt ha tr loi ny c trong rN ribnu l rN Vy s lin kt ho tr P ca ARN : HT ARN = rN 1 + rN = 2 .rN -1 7. Tnh s nucltit cn dng a . Qua 1 ln sao m : Khi tng hp ARN, ch mch gc ca ADN lm khun mu lin cc ribnu t do theo NTBS : AADN ni U ARN ; TADN ni A ARN GADN ni X ARN ; XADN ni G ARN V vy : + S ribnu t do mi loi cn dng bng s nu loi m n b sung trn mch gc ca ADN rAtd = Tgc ; rUtd = Agc rGtd = Xgc; rXtd = Ggc + S ribnu t do cc loi cn dng bng s nu ca 1 mch ADN N rNtd = 2 b. Qua nhiu ln sao m ( k ln ) Mi ln sao m to nn 1 phn t ARN nn s phn t ARN sinh ra t 1 gen bng s ln phin m ca gen . S phn t ARN = S ln sao m = K + S ribnu t do cn dng l s ribnu cu thnh cc phn t ARN . V vy qua K ln sao m to thnh cc phn t ARN th tng s ribnu t do cn dng l: rNtd = K . rN + Suy lun tng t, s ribnu t do mi loi cn dng l : Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh -3- Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010

rAtd = K. rA = K . Tgc; rGtd = K. rG = K . Xgc;

rUtd = K. rU = K . Agc rXtd = K. rX = K . Ggc

8. Tnh s b ba m ha- s axit amin + C 3 nu k tip nhau trn mch gc ca gen hp thnh 1 b ba m gc , 3 ribnu k tip ca mch ARN thng tin ( mARN) hp thnh 1 b ba m sao . V s ribnu ca mARN bng vi s nu ca mch gc , nn s b ba m gc trong gen bng s b ba m sao trong mARN . N rN S b ba mt m = = 2.3 3 + Trong mch gc ca gen cng nh trong s m sao ca mARN th c 1 b ba m kt thc khng m ho a amin . Cc b ba cn li co m ho a.amin N rN S b ba c m ho a amin (a.amin chui polipeptit)= -1 = -1 2.3 3 + Ngoi m kt thc khng m ha a amin , m m u tuy c m ha a amin , nhng a amin ny b ct b khng tham gia vo cu trc prtin N rN S a amin ca phn t prtin (a.amin pr hon chnh )= -2 = -2 2.3 3 9. Tnh s lin kt peptit - S lin kt peptit hnh thnh = s phn t H2O to ra - Hai axit amin ni nhau bng 1 lin kt pptit , 3 a amin c 2 lin kt peptit ..chui polipeptit c m l a amin th s lin kt peptit l : S lin kt peptit = m -1 10. Tnh s axit amin cn dng Trong qu tnh gii m, tng hp prtein, ch b ba no ca mARN c m ho a amin th mi c ARN mang a amin n gii m . Gii m to thnh 1 phn t prtein: Khi ribxm chuyn dch t u ny n u n ca mARN hnh thnh chui polipeptit th s a amin t do cn dng c ARN vn chuyn mang n l gii m m u v cc m k tip , m cui cng khng c gii . V vy s a amin t do cn dng cho mi ln tng hp chui polipeptit l : N rN S a amin t do cn dng : S aatd = -1 = -1 2.3 3 Khi ri khi ribxm, trong chui polipeptit khng cn a amin tng ng vi m m u .Do , s a amin t do cn dng cu thnh phn t prtin (tham gia vo cu trc prtin thc hin chc nng sinh hc) l : S a amin t do cn dng cu thnh prtin hon chnh : N rN S aap = -2 = -2 2.3 3 BI TP P DNG. 1. Trn mt mch ca gen c 150 anin v 120 timin. Gen ni trn c 20% guanin. S lng tng loi nucltit ca gen l: A. A = T = 180; G = X =270 B. A = T = 270; G = X = 180 C. A = T = 360; G = X = 540 D. A = T = 540; G = X = 360 2. Mt gen c chiu di 1938 ngstron v c 1490 lin kt hir. S lng tng loi nucltit ca gen l: A. A = T = 250; G = X = 340 B. A = T = 340; G = X = 250 C. A = T = 350; G = X = 220 D. A = T = 220; G = X = 350 Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh -4- Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 3. Mt gen di 0,408 micrmet v c t l tng loi nucltit bng nhau. Phn t mARN do gen tng hp c cha 15% uraxin v 20% guanin. S lin kt hir ca gen ni trn l: A. 3900 lin kt B. 3600 lin kt C. 3000 lin kt D. 2400 lin kt 4. Trn mt mch ca gen c 25% guanin v 35% xitzin. Chiu di ca gen bng 0,306 micrmet S lng tng loi nucltit ca gen l: A. A = T = 360; G = X = 540 B. A = T = 540; G = X = 360 C. A = T = 270; G = X = 630 D. A = T = 630; G = X = 270 5. Chui plipeptit c iu khin tng hp t gen c khi lng 594000 n v cacbon cha bao nhiu axit amin? A. 328 axit amin B. 329 axit amin C. 330 axit amin D. 331 axit amin 6. Mt gen c khi lng phn t l 72.104 vC. Trong gen c X = 850. Gen ni trn t nhn i 3 ln th s lng tng loi Nu t do mi trng cung cp l : A.ATD = TTD = 4550, XTD = GTD = 3850 B.ATD = TTD = 3850, XTD = GTD = 4550 C.ATD = TTD = 5950, XTD = GTD = 2450 D.ATD = TTD = 2450, XTD = GTD = 5950 7. Trong mt on phn t AND c khi lng phn t l 7,2.105 vC, mch 1 c A1 + T1 = 60%, mch 2 c G2 X2 = 10%, A2 = 2G2. Nu on AND ni trn t nhn i 5 ln th s lng tng loi Nu mi trng cung cp l : A.ATD = TTD = 22320, XTD = GTD = 14880 B.ATD = TTD = 14880, XTD = GTD = 22320 C.ATD = TTD = 18600, XTD = GTD = 27900 D.ATD = TTD = 21700, XTD = GTD = 24800 8. Mt gen c s lin kt hir l 3450, c hiu s gia A vi mt loi Nu khng b sung l 20%. Gen ni trn t nhn i lin tip 5 t th s lng tng loi Nu mi trng cung cp cho qu trnh t nhn i trn ca gen l : A.ATD = TTD = 13950, XTD = GTD = 32550 B.ATD = TTD = 35520, XTD = GTD = 13500 C.ATD = TTD = 32550, XTD = GTD = 13950 D.ATD = TTD = 13500, XTD = GTD = 35520 9. Phn t ADN gm 3000 nucltit c s T chim 20%, th A. ADN ny di 10200 vi A=T=600, G=X=900 B. ADN ny di 5100 vi A=T=600, G=X=900 C. ADN ny di 10200 vi G=X=600, A=T=900 D. ADN ny di 5100 vi G=X=600, A=T=900 10. Nu nui cy ADN trong mi trng c nit phng x 15N, ri chuyn sang mi trng (ch c 14 N), th 1 ADN 1o t sao 5 ln lin tip, s sinh ra s mch n cha 15N l A. 4 B. 64 C. 2 D. 128 11. Mt gen c hiu s gia guanin vi anin bng 15% s nuclotit ca gen. Trn mch th nht ca gen c 10% timin v 30% xitzin. Kt lun sau y ng v gen ni trn l: A. A2 = 10%, T2 = 25%, G2= 30%, X2 = 35%. B. A1 = 7,5%, T1 = 10%, G1= 2,5%, X1 = 30%. C. A1 = 10%, T1 = 25%, G1= 30%, X1 = 35%. D. A2 = 10%, T2 = 7,5%, G2= 30%, X2 = 2,5%. 12. Mt gen c khi lng 540000 vC c 2320 lin kt hidr. S lng tng loi nucltit ni trn bng: A. A = T = 380, G = X = 520. B. A = T = 520, G = X = 380. C. A = T = 360, G = X = 540. D. A = T = 540, G = X = 360. A 3 13. C mt phn t ADN c khi lng bng 75.107 n v cacbon v t l = t nhn i 3 ln. G 2 S lng tng loi nucltit mi trng cung cp cho qu trnh nhn i ni trn l: A. G = X = 3,5.106, A = T = 5,25.106. B. G = X = 3,25.106, A = T = 5,5.106. 6 5 C. G = X = 3,25.10 , A = T = 5,5.10 . D. G = X = 3,5.105, A = T = 5,25.105. 14. Trn mt mch ca phn t ADN c s nucltit cc loi: A=60; G=120; X=80; T=30. Mt ln nhn i ca phn t ADN ny i hi mi trng ni bo cung cp cho tng loi nucltit ca gen l: A. A = T = 90; G = X = 200. B. A = G = 180; T = X = 110. C. A = T = 180; G = X = 110. D. A = T = 150; G = X = 140. 15. Mt phn t mARN gm hai loi nucltit A v U th s loi b ba phin m trong mARN c th l: Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh -5- Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 A. 8 loi. B. 6 loi. C. 4 loi. D. 2 loi. 16. Mt mch n ca phn t ADN c trnh t cc nucltit nh sau: .A T G X A T G G X X G X . Trong qu trnh nhn i ADN mi c hnh thnh t on mch ny s c trnh t A..T A X G T A X X G G X G. B.A T G X A T G G X X G X C.U A X G U A X X G G X G. D.A T G X G T A X X G G X T. 17. Mt gen thc hin 2 ln phin m i hi mi trng cung cp nucltit cc loi: A = 400; U = 360; G = 240; X = 280. S lng tng loi nucltit ca gen: A. A = T = 380; G = X = 260. B. A = T = 60; G = X = 520. C. A = T = 360; G = X = 240. D. A = T = 180; G = X = 240. 0 18. Mt gen c chiu di l 4080 A c nucltit loi A l 560. Trn mt mch c nucltit A = 260; G = 380, gen trn thc hin mt s ln phin m cn mi trng ni bo cung cp nucltit U l 600. S lng cc loi nucltit trn mch gc ca gen l: A. A = 260; T = 300; G = 380; X= 260. B. A = 380; T = 180; G = 260; X = 380. C. A = 300; T = 260; G = 260; X = 380. D. A= 260; T = 300; G = 260; X = 380. 19. Mt gen c 20% anin v trn mch gc c 35% xitzin. Gen tin hnh phin m 4 ln v s dng mi trng tng s 4800 ribnucltit t do. Mi phn t mARN c to ra c cha 320 uraxin. S lng tng loi ribnucltit mi trng cung cp cho phin m l: A. rA = 640, rU = 1280, rG = 1680, rX = 1200. B. rA = 480, rU = 960, rG = 1260, rX = 900. C. rA = 480, rU = 1260, rG = 960, rX = 900. D. rA = 640, rU = 1680, rG = 1280, rX = 1200. . 20. Mt phn t mARN trng thnh c chiu di 5100A0, phn t prtin tng hp t mARN c: A. 498 axit amin. B. 600 axit amin. C. 950 axit amin. D. 499 axit amin. 21. Cho bit cc b ba i m tng ng vi cc loi axit amin nh sau: AXX: triptphan GAA: lxin UGG: thrnin. XGG: alanin UUX: lizin. Trt t cc axit amin ca on m u ca mt chui plipeptit sau khi c tng hp nh sau: ...Lizin-alanin-thrnin-lxin-triptphan... on m u ca phn t mARN dch m chui plipeptit ni trn c trt t cc b ba ribnuclotit l: A....UUX-XGG-UGG-GAA-AXX.... B...AAG-GXX-AXX-XUU-UGG... C...UAA-AAG-GXX-AXX-XUU-UGG... D...AUG-AAG-GXX-AXX-XUU-UGG... II. PHN TON DI TRUYN THEO QUI LUT PHN LI V PHN LI C LP. A. TNH S LOI V THNH PHN GEN GIAO T 1. S loi giao t : Khng tu thuc vo kiu gen trong KG m tu thuc vo s cp gen d hp trong : + Trong KG c 1 cp gen d hp 21 loi giao t + Trong KG c 2 cp gen d hp 22 loi giao t D ABD B + Trong KG c 3 cp gen d hp 23 loi giao t ABd d + Trong KG c n cp gen d hp 2n loi giao t A 2 . Thnh phn gen (KG) ca giao t : AbD D Trong t bo (2n) ca c th gen tn ti thnh tng cp tng ng , cn trong giao t (n) ch cn b mang 1 gen trong cp Abd + i vi cp gen ng hp AA ( hoc aa) : cho 1 loi giao t A ( hoc 1 loi giao d a ) t + i vi cp gen d hp Aa:cho 2 loi giao t vi t l bng nhau giao t A v giaoD a t aBD + Suy lun tng t i vi nhiu cp gen d hp name trn cc cp NST khc nhau , thnh phn B d kiu gen ca cc loi giao t c ghi theo s phn nhnh ( s Auerbac ) hoc bng cch aBd a nhn i s D abD b V d : Kiu gen :AaBbDd cho giao t (s trn) d abd Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh -6- Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 B. TNH S KIU T HP , KIU GEN , KIU HNH V CC T L PHN LI I CON 1. S kiu t hp : S kiu t hp = s loi giao t c x s loi giao t ci Ch : + Bit kiu t hp => bit s loi giao t c , giao t ci => bit c cp gen d hp trong kiu gen ca cha m + Kiu t hp khc nhau nhng c th a n kiu gen ging nhau => s KG < s kiu t hp . S loi giao t v t l phn li v kiu gen(KG) , kiu hnh (KH): S di truyn ca cc gen l c lp vi nhau => s t hp t do gia cc cp gen cng nh gia cc cp tnh trng .V vy , kt qa v kiu gen cng nh v kiu hnh i con c tnh nh sau : + T l KG chung ca nhiu cp gen = cc t l KG ring r ca mi cp gen nhn vi nhau => S KG tnh chung = s KG ring ca mi cp gen nhn vi nhau + T l KH chung ca nhiu cp tnh trng = cc t l KH ring r ca mi cp tnh trng nhn vi nhau 2. Kiu gen chung ca nhiu loi tnh trng Cho lai 2 cy cha r KG v KH vi nhau thu c F1 gm : 3 cy trn ;3 bu dc ;1 vng trn ; 1 vng bu dc . Cc cp gen nm trn cc cp NST khc nhau .Tm KG 2 cy thuc th h P Xt ring tng cp tnh trng : + F1gm (3+3) : ( 1 + 1) vng = 3 : 1 vng ( theo L ng tnh ) =>P : Aa x Aa + F1gm (3 +1 ) trn : (3 + 1 ) bu dc = 1 trn : 1 bu dc ( lai phn tch d hp ) => P : Bb x bb Xt chung : Kt hp kt qa v KG ring ca mi loi tnh trng trn => KG ca P l: AaBb x AaBb . 3. Cc php lai nn tng gii quyt bi tp hiu qu. Cc trng Cc php lai mt cp gen T l kiu gen hp 1 AA x AA 100% AA 2 AA x Aa 1AA:1Aa 3 AA x aa 100% Aa 4 aa x aa 100% aa 5 Aa x Aa 1AA :2Aa: 1aa 6 Aa x aa 1Aa: 1aa Cc trng hp 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kiu hnh A aa AB Abb aaB aabb ABD ABdd Gii thch v kiu hnh Mang mt tnh trng tri Mang mt tnh trng ln Mang hai tnh trng tri Mang tnh trng th nht tri, tnh trng th hai ln Mang tnh trng th nht ln, tnh trng th hai tri Mang hai tnh trng ln Mang ba tnh trng tri. Mang hai tnh trng u tri, tnh trng th hai ln lng T l phn li S lng

T l kiu hnh 100% 100% 100% 100% 3:1 1:1

4. Bng cng thc tng qut. S cp S lng T l phn li S Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh

-7- Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 gen d hp F1 1 2 3 n cc loi giao KG F2 t F1 21 (1+2+1)1 22 (1+2+1)2 3 2 (1+2+1)3 . ... 2n (1+2+1)n cc loi kiu gen F2 31 32 33 3n kiu hnh cc loi kiu F2 hnh F2 (3 + 1)1 21 (3 + 1)2 22 3 (3 + 1) 23 . . (3 + 1)n 2n

C. CCH NHN NH QUY LUT DI TRUYN . 1. Cc phng php xc nh nhanh kiu gen ca b m. Cc trng hp 1 2 Kiu hnh ca b m P B m thun chng khc nhau mt cp tnh trng tng phn hoc b m thun chng khc nhau mt cp gen tng phn B m thun chng khc nhau hai cp tnh trng tng phn hoc b m thun chng khc nhau hai cp gen tng phn B m thun chng khc nhau 3 cp tnh trng tng phn hoc b m thun chng khc nhau 3 cp gen tng phn Kiu gen ca b m P P: AA x aa P: AABB x aabb P: AAbb x aaBB P: AABBDD x aabbdd P: AABBdd x aabbDD P: AAbbDD x aaBBdd P: AAbbdd x aaBBDD

3 4 5

B m thun chng v c F1 xc nh kiu P: AAbb x aabb gen Aabb B m thun chng v c F1 xc nh kiu P: aaBB x aabb gen aaBb

2. Phng php tch ring tng loi tnh trng. - Tm t l phn tnh v KH th h con i vi mi loi tnh trng - Nhn t l KH ring r ca loi tnh trng ny vi vi t l KH ring ca loi tnh trng kia . Nu thy kt qu tnh c ph hp vi kt qa php lai => 2 cp gen quy nh 2 loi tnh trng nm trn 2 cp NST khc nhau, di truyn theo quy lut phn li c lp ca Menden ( tr t l 1:1 nhn vi nhau ) V d : Cho lai 2 th c chua : qu thn cao vi qu thn thp thu c 37,5% qu thn cao : 37,5% qu thn thp :12,5% qu vng thn cao , 12,5% qu vng thn thp . Bit rng mi tnh trng do 1 gen quy nh Gii + Xt ring tng tnh trng th h con - ( 37,5% + 37,5% ) : ( 12,5% + 12,5% ) vng = 3 : 1 vng - ( 37,5% + 12,5% ) cao : ( 37,5 % + 12,5% ) thp = 1 cao : 1 thp + Nhn 2 t l ny ( 3 : 1 vng ) ( 1 cao : 1 thp ) = 3 cao : 3 thp : 1 vng cao : 1 vng thp . ph hp vi php lai trong bi . Vy 2 cp gen quy nh 2 cp nm trn 2 cp NST khc nhau . BI TP P DNG. 1. T l ca kiu gen aaBbdd to ra t php lai aaBbDd x AabbDd l bao nhiu? A. 3,125% B. 6,25% C. 56,25% D. 18,75% 2. mt loi cn trng, gen qui nh tnh trng nm trn nhim sc th thng v di truyn theo hin tng tri hon ton. Gen A: thn xm; gen a: thn en Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh -8- Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 Gen B: mt ; gen b: mt vng Gen D: lng ngn; gen d: lng di Cc gen ni trn phn li c lp v t hp t do trong gim phn. Php lai no sau y khng to ra kiu hnh thn en, mt vng, lng di con lai? A. AaBbDd x aaBbdd B. Aabbdd x aaBbDd C. AaBBdd x aabbdd D. aabbDd x aabbDd 3. mt loi cn trng, gen qui nh tnh trng nm trn nhim sc th thng v di truyn theo hin tng tri hon ton. Gen A: thn xm; gen a: thn en Gen B: mt ; gen b: mt vng Gen D: lng ngn; gen d: lng di Cc gen ni trn phn li c lp v t hp t do trong gim phn T l ca loi hp t A- B- D- to ra t php lai AaBbDd x AaBbDD l: A. 6,35% B. 18,75% C. 37,5% D. 56,25% 4. mt loi cn trng, gen qui nh tnh trng nm trn nhim sc th thng v di truyn theo hin tng tri hon ton. Gen A: thn xm; gen a: thn en Gen B: mt ; gen b: mt vng Gen D: lng ngn; gen d: lng di Cc gen ni trn phn li c lp v t hp t do trong gim phn B m c kiu gen, kiu hnh no sau y sinh ra con lai c 50% thn xm, mt v 50% thn xm, mt vng? A. AAbb (thn xm, mt vng) x aaBb (thn en, mt ) B. AaBB (thn xm, mt ) x aabb (thn en, mt vng) C. Aabb (thn xm, mt vng) x AaBB (thn xm, mt ) D. aaBB (thn en, mt ) x aaBb (thn en, mt ) 5. mt loi cn trng, gen qui nh tnh trng nm trn nhim sc th thng v di truyn theo hin tng tri hon ton. Gen A: thn xm; gen a: thn en Gen B: mt ; gen b: mt vng Gen D: lng ngn; gen d: lng di Cc gen ni trn phn li c lp v t hp t do trong gim phn 6. Php lai no sau y c kh nng to ra nhiu bin d t hp nht? A. AaBbDD x AaBbDd B. AABBDD x aabbdd C. AabbDd x AabbDd D. AaBbDd x AaBbDd 7. mt loi cn trng, gen qui nh tnh trng nm trn nhim sc th thng v di truyn theo hin tng tri hon ton. Gen A: thn xm; gen a: thn en Gen B: mt ; gen b: mt vng Gen D: lng ngn; gen d: lng di Cc gen ni trn phn li c lp v t hp t do trong gim phn T l kiu hnh c to ra t php lai AaDd x aaDd l: A. 3 thn xm, lng ngn : 1 thn xm, lng di : 3 thn en, lng ngn : 1 thn en, lng di B. 1 thn xm, lng di : 1 thn en, lng ngn C. 1 thn xm, lng ngn : 1 thn xm, lng di : 1 thn en, lng ngn : 1 thn en, lng di D. 3 thn en, lng di : 1 thn en, lng ngn 8. mt loi cn trng, gen qui nh tnh trng nm trn nhim sc th thng v di truyn theo hin tng tri hon ton. Gen A: thn xm; gen a: thn en Gen B: mt ; gen b: mt vng Gen D: lng ngn; gen d: lng di Cc gen ni trn phn li c lp v t hp t do trong gim phn T hp ba tnh trng ni trn, s kiu gen c th c loi cn trng c nu l: Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh -9- Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 A. 36 kiu B. 27 kiu C. 21 kiu D. 16 kiu 9. mt loi thc vt bit rng: A-: thn cao, aa: thn thp BB: hoa , Bb: hoa hng, bb: hoa trng Hai tnh trng, chiu cao ca thn vo mu hoa di truyn c lp vi nhau. Php lai Aabb x aaBb cho con c t l kiu hnh no sau y? A. 50% thn cao, hoa hng : 50% thn thp, hoa hng B. 50% thn cao, hoa trng : 50% thn thp, hoa trng C. 25% thn cao, hoa hng : 25% thn cao, hoa trng : 25% thn thp, hoa hng : 25% thn thp, hoa trng D. 75% thn cao, hoa hng : 25% thn thp, hoa trng 10. mt loi thc vt bit rng: A-: thn cao, aa: thn thp BB: hoa , Bb: hoa hng, bb: hoa trng Hai tnh trng, chiu cao ca thn vo mu hoa di truyn c lp vi nhau. T l ca loi kiu hnh thn thp, hoa hng to ra t php lai AaBb x aaBb l: A. 18,75% B. 25% C. 37,5% D. 56,25% 11. mt loi thc vt bit rng: A-: thn cao, aa: thn thp BB: hoa , Bb: hoa hng, bb: hoa trng Hai tnh trng, chiu cao ca thn vo mu hoa di truyn c lp vi nhau. T l ca loi hp t AAbb c to ra t php lai AaBb x AaBb l: A. 6,25% B. 12,5% C. 18,75% D. 25% 12. mt loi thc vt bit rng: A-: thn cao, aa: thn thp BB: hoa , Bb: hoa hng, bb: hoa trng Hai tnh trng, chiu cao ca thn vo mu hoa di truyn c lp vi nhau Con lai c t l kiu hnh 75% thn cao, hoa hng : 25% thn thp, hoa hng c to ra t php lai no sau y? A. AaBb x AaBb B. AABb x aaBb C. AaBB x Aabb D. AABB x aabb 13. T l kiu gen ca php lai AaBbDd x AaBbDd c trin khai t biu thc no sau y? A. (1 : 2 : 1) (1 : 2 : 1) (1 : 2 : 1) B. (1 : 2 : 1) (3 : 1) C. (3 : 1) (3 : 1) (3 : 1) D. (1 : 2 : 1) (3 : 1) (1 : 1) 14. iu khng ng khi ni v kiu gen AaBBDd l: A. Th d hp B. To 4 loi giao t vi t l ngang nhau C. Lai phn tch cho 4 kiu hnh vi t l ngang nhau (nu mi gen qui nh mt tnh trng) D. To giao t aBD c t l 12,5% 15. F1 d hp hai cp gen li vi nhau, mi gen qui nh mt tnh trng v khng c hin tng di truyn trung gian th F2 c: A. 6 kiu hnh khc nhau B. T l kiu hnh l 3 : 3 : 1 : 1 C. 14 t hp D. C 9 kiu gen 16. mt loi, gen D qui nh hoa , tri hon ton so vi gen d qui nh hoa trng. Php lai to ra hin tng ng tnh con lai l: A. P: DD x dd v P: Dd x dd B. P: dd x dd v P: DD x Dd C. P: Dd x dd v P: DD x dd D. P: Dd x dd v P: DD x DD III. QUI LUT DI TRUYN THEO MORGAN. A. TNH S LOI V THNH PHN GIAO T 1. Cc gen lin kt hon ton : Trn 1 cp NST (1 nhm gen) Cc gen ng hp t 1 loi giao t Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh -10-Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 Ab ABd 1 loi giao t Aa ; Abd Ab ABd Nu c 1 cp gen d hp tr ln 2 loi giao t t l tng ng AB AB ABD V d : AB = Ab ; AB = ab ; ABD = abd Ab ab abd Trn nhiu cp NST ( nhiu nhm gen ) nu mi nhm Gen c t nht 1 cp gen d hp S loi giao t = 2n vi n = s nhm gen (s cp NST) * Tm thnh phn gen mi loi giao t: dng s phn nhnh hoc nhn i s l mi loi giao t ca mi nhm gen ny phi hp kiu vi cc loi giao t ca nhm gen kia AB DE V d : C th c KG . 4 loi giao t : AB.DE : AB.de : ab .DE : ab.de ab de V s nhm gen l 2 s loi giao t 22 = 4 loi giao t Cc php lai trong lin kt gen hon ton. V d : Cc php lai thng dng AB/AB x ab/ab Ab/Ab x aB/aB AB/ab x AB/ab Ab/aB x Ab/aB Ab/aB x AB/ab AB/ab x ab/ab Ab/aB x ab/ab Ab/Ab x ab/ab aB/aB x ab/ab AB/Ab x AB/Ab Ab/ab x aB/ab T l kiu hnh 100% (AB) 100% (AB) 3 (AB): 1 (aabb) 1 (Abb): 2 (AB): 1 (aaB) 1 (Abb): 2 (AB): 1 (aaB) 1 (AB): 1 (aabb) 1 (Abb): 1 (aaB) 1 (Abb): 1 (aabb) 1 (aaB): 1 (aabb) 3 (AB): 1 (Abb) 1 (AB): 1(Abb): 1(aaB): 1 (aabb)

2. Cc gen lin kt khng hon ton . Mi nhm gen phi cha 2 cp gen d hp tr ln mi pht sinh giao t mang t hp gen cho (giao t HVG) trong qu trnh gim phn Trng hp 2 cp gen d hp : * S loi giao t : 22 = 4 loi t l khng bng nhau Thnh phn gen : + 2 loi giao t bnh thng mang gen lin kt t l mi loi giao t ny > 25% . + 2 loi giao t HVG mang t hp gen cho nhau do 2 gen tng ng i ch , t l mi loi giao t ny < 25% . AB V d : C th c KG lin kt khng hon ton to giao t : ab + 2 loi giao t bnh thng t l cao l : AB = ab > 25% . + 2 loi giao t HVG t l thp l: Ab = aB <25% * Nu c nhiu gen nm trn cc cp NST tng ng khc nhau, ta c th tm s giao t mang cc c to ra trn mi cp NST tng ng nhn vi nhau. Lu , s giao t lin kt bng vi s giao t hon v gen. Giao t bnh thng = giao t tng cp NST nhn vi giao t lin kt hon ton trong cc cp gen lin kt. BD BD VD: Aa c s loi giao t l = 2 x 2 = 4. (Aa cho hai loi giao t l A, a, cho hai loi giao bd bd t l
BD

bd

).

Giao t hon v gen = giao t tng cp NST nhn vi giao t hon v gen trong cc cp gen lin kt Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh -11-Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 VD: Aa t l AB BD c s loi giao t l = 2 x 2 = 4. (Aa cho hai loi giao t l A, a, cho hai loi giao ab bd ,
B d

bD

).

B. TN S TRAO I CHO V KHONG CCH TNG I GIA 2 GEN TRN 1 NST Tn s TC (tn s HVG ) : p Tn s TC gia 2 gen trn cng NST bng tng t l 2 giao t HVG . 100% p 1 p Do : T l mi loi giao t bnh thng = = 2 2 p T l mi loi giao t HVG = 2 * Tn s TC th hin lc lin kt gia cc gen . Thng cc gen c xu hng ch yu l lin kt tn s HVG < 50% . Trong trng hp c bit , cc t bo sinh dc s khai u xy ra TC ging nhau tn s HVG p = 50% . Do , c th d hp t kp cho 4 loi giao t t l tng ng ging vi trng hp phn li c lp . 2) Khong cch tng i gia cc gen trn cng 1 NST + Tn s HVG th hin khong cch tng i gia 2 gen: 2 gen cng nm xa nhau th tn s HVG cng ln v ngc li cc gen cng nm xa nhau th tn s HVG cng nh . + Da vo tn s HVG => khong cch gia cc gen => v tr tng i (locut) trong nhm gen lin kt . Qui c : 1 cM (xentiMorgan) = 1% HVG C. TNH TN S HON V GEN 1. Trong php lai phn tch : Tn s HVG p = (S c th hnh thnh do TC : Tng s c th nghin cu ) x100% Ab V d : Lai phn tch rui ci thn xm cnh di thuc KG i c th h lai gm 376 con aB xm ngn : 375 con en di : 124 con xm di : 125 con en ngn Gii Xm di v en ngn l 2 KH do TC to ra : 124 + 125 => Tn s HVG = . 100 = 25% 376 + 375 + 124 + 125 2. Trong cc php lai khc . gii bng i s + t P : Tn s HVG => t l giao t HVG l t l giao t BT l p 2

1 p 2 + Davo loi KH m bi cho bit lp t l : T l cc KG lm nn KH theo n s p = S c th thu c KH bit c : Tng s c th thu c Ab V d : Cho cy thn cao ht di c KG t th phn F1 thu c 4000 cy , trong c 260 aB cy thp trn Gii p + t p = Tn s HVG => t l giao t HVG l 2

Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh

-12-Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 ab 160 4 ) c t l = ab 4000 100 p ab T l KG lm nn cy thp trn l ( )2 . 2 ab p 4 => phng trnh ( )2 = c p = 40% 2 100 + F1 thu c cy thp trn ( BI TP P DNG. 1. Trong trng hp lin kt hon ton, php lai A. 4. B. 6. Ab Ab x c s kiu t hp l aB aB C. 8. D. 16. Ab Ab x c aB aB

2. Trong trng hp lin kt hon ton v mi gen quy nh mt tnh trng, php lai

t l phn li kiu hnh l: A. 3: 1. B. 1:2: 1. C. 3:3:1: 1. D. 9:3:3: 1. AB AB 3. Xt php lai sau: x (Cho bit mi cp gen quy nh mt cp tnh trng v tri aB Ab hon ton, c trao i cho gia cc crmatt tng ng). S loi kiu hnh i con l: A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. AB 4. Mt t bo sinh tinh c kiu gen tin hnh gim phn (khng c hon v gen), s loi giao t ab c to ra l: A. 1 loi. B. 2 loi. C. 4 loi. D. 6 loi. AB 5. Mt t bo sinh tinh c kiu gen tin hnh gim phn (c hon v gen), s loi giao t c ab to ra l: A. 1 loi. B. 2 loi. C. 4 loi. D. 6 loi. AB AB 6. Php lai x . Nu cc cp tnh trng di truyn tri hon ton v b m u c hon v gen ab ab vi tn s 20% th kiu hnh ln chim t l: A. 6,25%. B. 40%. C. 16%. D. 10%. AB AB 7. Php lai x . Nu cc cp tnh trng di truyn tri hon ton v c th ci c hon v gen ab ab vi tn s 40% th tng s c th c kiu hnh khc b m chim t l: A. 50%. B. 65%. C. 35%. D. 10%. 8. Cho cy d hp v hai cp gen t th phn, i con F 1 c 4 loi KH vi t l: 51% cy cao, hoa : 24% cy cao, hoa trng : 24% cy thp, hoa : 1% cy thp, hoa trng. (cho bit mi cp tnh trng do mt cp gen quy nh)B. Tn s hon v gen l: A. 1%. B. 10%. C. 20%. D. 40%. AB 9. Mt c th c kiu gen . Nu xy ra hon v gen vi tn s 20% th loi giao t Ab chim t ab l: A. 0,2. B. 0,3. C. 0,4. D. 0, 1. 10. Trong trng hp cc tnh trng di truyn tri hon ton v c b v m u c hon v gen vi Ab AB tn s 40% th php lai x , kiu hnh mang hai tnh trng tri c t l: aB ab A. 48%. B. 30%. C. 56,25%. D. 36%.

Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh

-13-Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 11. Hai gen A v B cng nm trn mt cp NST v tr cch nhau 20cMB. C th AB khi gim ab

phn s cho giao t AB vi t l: A. 50%. B. 40%. C. 20%. D. 10%. AB 12. C th t th phn, nu xy ra s hon v gen c b v m th s kiu t hp giao t i ab con l: A. 4 kiu. B. 8 kiu. C. 16 kiu. D. 100 kiu. Ad B 13. C th P d hp cc cp gen gim phn c hon v gen Aa to ra loi chim t l 17,5% ABd ABd A. Kiu gen , tn s hon v 35%. B. Kiu gen , tn hon v 30%. abd abd AbD AbD C. Kiu gen , tn s hon v gen 35%. D. Kiu gen , tn s hon v gen 30%. aBd aBd 14. Bit A-: qu trn, aa: qu di; B-: qu ngt, bb: qu chua. Php lai sau y cho t l con lai c 3 qu trn, chua: 3 qu di, ngt: 1 qu trn, ngt: 1 qu di, chua l: A. AB/ab (tn s hon v 25%) x ab/ab. B. Ab/aB (tn s hon v 25%) x ab/ab. C. AB/ab (tn s hon v 50%) x ab/ab. D. Ab/aB (tn s hon v 50%) x ab/ab. AB 15. Mt c th c kiu gen . Nu xy ra hon v gen vi tn s 20% th loi giao t AB chim t ab l: A. 0,2. B. 0,3. C. 0,4. D. 0,1. IV. QUI LUT TNG TC GEN 1. Thng k cc php lai thng dng. Mi kiu tng tc c 1 t l KH tiu biu da theo bin dng ca (3:1)2 nh sau : Kiu h tr c 3 t l KH : 9: 3:3:1 ; 9:6: 1 ; 9: 7 . H tr gen tri hnh thnh 4 KH : 9:3:3:1 A-B- A-bb aaB- aabb thuc t l : 9:3:3:1 H tr gen tri hnh thnh 3 KH : 9:6: 1 A-B- ( A-bb = aaB- ) aabb thuc t l : 9:6:1 H tr gen tri hnh thnh 2 KH : 9:7 A-B- ( A-bb = aaB- = aabb ) thuc t l : 9:7 Kiu t ch c 3 t l KG : 12:3:1 ; 13:3 ; 9:4:3 t ch gen tri hnh thnh 3 KH : 12:3:1 (A-B- = A-bb) aaB- aabb thuc t l : 12:3:1. t ch gen tri hnh thnh 2 KH : 13: 3 (A-B- = A-bb = aabb ) aaB- thuc t l : 13:3 t ch gen ln hnh thnh 3 KH : 9:4:3 A-B- ( A-bb = aabb ) aaB- thuc t l : 9:4:3 Tc ng cng gp ( tch lu) hnh thnh 2 KH : 15 :1 A-B- ( A-bb = aabb ) aaB2. Tng qut n cp gen tc ng cng gp => t l KH theo h s mi s hng trong trin khai ca nh thc Newton ( A+a)n . + A: S alen tri, a s alen ln 3. Bng tng hp cc php tng hp Cc kiu tng AaBb x aabb AaBb x Aabb AaBb x AABb AaBb x AaBb tc Aabb x aaBb AaBb x aaBb AaBb x AaBB Tng 9:3:3:1 9A-B- 3A-bb 1A-B-1A-bb +3A-B-3A-bb +6A-B-3A-bb tc b 3aaB- 1aabb 1aaB-1aabb 1aaB- 1aabb +6A-B-3aaBTrng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh -14-Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 +3A-B-3aaB- 1A-bb 1aabb 9A-B- 3A-bb +3A-B-3A-bb 1A-B- 1A= 3aaB- 1aabb =1aaB-1aabb bb= 1aaB- +3A-B-3aaB-= 1aabb 1A-bb1aabb 9A-B-3A-bb= 1A-B-1A-bb= +3A-B-3A-bb 3aaB-=1aabb 1aaB- = 1aabb =1aaB-=1aabb +3A-B-3aaB=1A-bb=1aabb 9A-B- = 3A-bb +3A-B-=3A-bb 1A-B- = 1A-bb 3aaB- 1aabb 1aaB-1aabb 1aaB +3A-B-=1A-bb 1aabb 3aaB1aabb 1A-B-=1A-bb= +3A-B-=3A-bb = 9A-B- = 3A1aabb 1aaB1aabb1aaBbb= 1aabb +3A-B-=1A-bb= 3aaB1aabb3aaB9A-B- 3A-bb 1A-B-1A-bb +3A-B-3A 3aaB- =1aabb 1aaB-=1aabb bb=1aabb 1aaB+3A-B- 1Abb=1aabb3aaB+6A-B-3A-bb +6A-B-3aaB+6A-B-3A-bb +6A-B-3aaB+6A-B-=3A-bb +6A-B-3aaB+6A-B-=3A-bb +6A-B-3aaB+6A-B-3A-bb +6A-B-3aaB-

tr

9:6:1

9:7

12:3:1 Tng tc 13:3 kiu t ch 9:3:4

BI TP P DNG. 1. Cho mt php lai gia hai ging g thun chng mu long trng khc nhau v ngun gc, F1 ng lot long mu. F2 thu c 180 lng mu , 140 lng trng Tnh trng mu long g c di truyn theo quy lut A. Phn li c lp B. Tng tc gen theo kiu b tr C. Tng tc gen theo kiu t ch D Tng tc gen theo kiu cng gp 2. Khi lai gia ch nu vi ch trng thun chng ngi ta thu c ton ch trng, F 2 thu c 37 trng, 9 en, 3 nu. Tnh trng mu long cho c di truyn theo quy lut A. Phn li c lp B. Tng tc b tr C. Tng tc t ch D. Tng tc cng gp 3. Khi lai gia ch trng thun chng vi ch nu ngi ta thu c ton ch trng, F 2 thu c 74 trng, 18 en, 6 nu. Xc nh kiu gen ca 2 ging b m thun chng? A. AAbb x aabb B. aaBB x aabb C. AABB x aabb D. AAbb x aaBB 4. ng c 3 gen (mi gen gm 2 alen) phn li c lp, tc ng qua li vi nhau hnh thnh chiu cao cy. cho rng c mi gen tri lm cy ln i 20 cm. ngi ta tin hnh lai cy thp nht vi cy cao nht c chiu cao 210 cm. Chiu cao cy F1 l? A. 60 cm B. 90 cm C. 120 cm D. 150 cm 5. B long trng ca g c xc nh bi hai cp gen khng alen di truyn c lp. mt cp, gen tri xc nh b long mu, gen ln xc nh b long trng. cp kia gen tri t ch mu, gen ln khng t ch mu.Lai gia cc g trng vi nhau, i sau c 1275 g con trong c 315 c mu, cn li l trng. Xc nh kiu gen ca cha m v cc con g c mu. Bit A: long mu, a: Lng trng ;gen B:t ch mu, b khng t ch mu Kiu gen ca b m l A. AABB x aabb B. AAbb x aaBB C. AaBb x AaBb D. AaBb x aabb 6. Li b qu vng vi b qu trng i con cho qu trng . Khi lai cc cy con qu trng vi nhau c 204 qu trng, 53 qu vng, 17 qu xanh. G i Aa, Bb l hai cp gen chi phi s di truyn tnh trng trn. Kiu gen ca b m l A. AaBb x AaBb B. AABB x aabb C. AAbb x aaBB D. AaBb x aabb Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh -15-Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 7. Chiu cao ca ngi c xc inh bi mt s cp gen khng alen di truyn c lp. Cc cp gen tc ng theo kiu cng gp. Nu b qua nh hng ca mi trng v gii hn ch c 3 cp gen xc inh tnh trng ny th ngi ng hp ln c chiu cao 150Cm, ngi cao nht 180cm. Xc nh chiu cao ca ngi d hp c 3 cp gen A. 160 B. 165 C. 170 D. 175 8. Khi cho cy P t th phn, ngi ta thu c F 1 c 225 cy c qu dt, 150 cy c qu trn v 25 cy c qu di. Nu cho cy cp P ni trn lai vi cy c mang kiu gen Aabb th t l kiu hnh thu c con lai bng: A. 2 qu dt: 1 qu trn: 1 qu di.. B. 6 qu dt: 1 qu trn: 1 qu di. C. 3 qu dt: 4 qu trn: 1qu di. D. 15 qu dt: 1 qu di. T l kiu hnh c to ra t php lai AaBb x aaBb l: A. 3 qu trn: 3 qu di: 2 qu bu dc. B. 3 qu trn: 4 qu di: 1 bu dc. C. 3 qu di: 3 qu bu dc: 2 qu trn. D. 3 qu trn: 4 qu bu dc: 1 qu di. V DI TRUYN LIN KT VI GII TNH A. XC NH KIU NST GII TNH 1. Trong thin nhin , gp 1 s kiu NST gii tnh nh sau : XX, XY , XO ( XX l ng giao t , XY hoc XO l d giao t ) - c XY , ci XX : ngi , ng vt c v , rui gim - c XX , ci XY : cc loi chim , bm tm , ch nhi , b st . - c XO ; ci XX : b xt , chu chu , rp - c XX ; ci XO : b nhy . 2. Nu c th c cp trong bi khng nu loi no => kiu NST gii tnh c th xc nh theo 2 cch : - Da vo c th mang tnh trng ln th h c t l phn tnh 3:1 . V tnh trng ny d xut hin c th XY => gii tnh ca c th thuc NST gii tnh XY - Dng cch loi suy , ln lt th tng kiu NST gii tnh => kiu no cho kt qu ph hp vi bi th nhn V d : cho 1 c th mang 1 cp gen d hp quy nh cnh thng giao phi vi c th khc c F1 gm 256 con cnh thng : 85 con cnh cong ( ch ton con c ) => - Cp gen d hp quy nh cnh thng => cnh thng l tnh trng tri, cnh cong l tnh trng ln . - F1 c t l 3 cnh thng : 1 cnh cong . Nhng tnh trng ln cnh cong ch biu hin con c => NST gii tnh ca con c l XY , con ci XX . B. DI TRUYN LIN KT VI GII TNH 1. Khi nim : l hin tng di tuyn cc tnh trng m c gen xc nh chng nm trn cc NST gii tnh 2. Gen trn NST X ( Qui lut di truyn cho ) a. Th nghim : Moocgan lai rui gim mt vi mt trng -Lai thun : + P : (mt ) x ( mt trng ) + F1 : 100% mt + F2 : 3 mt : 1 mt trng ( ton con c ) -Lai nghch : + P : (mt trng ) x ( mt ) + F1 : 1 mt : 1 mt trng + F2 : 1 mt : 1 mt trng : 1 mt : 1 mt trng Gii thch : - F1 ng lot mt , theo nh lut ng tnh th mt tri hon ton so vi mt trng . Qui c : W : mt ; w : mt trng . Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh -16-Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 - Nu gen nm trn NST thng th F2 ( trong php lai thun ) mt trng phn b c gii c v ci . Thc t F2 mu mt trng ch c con c , V vy gen qui nh mu mt rui phi nm trn NST gii tnh X , khng c alen trn Y . - S lai : + Php lai thun : P : XWXW ( mt ) x XwY( mt trng ) G : XW , XW ; Xw , Y W w W F1 : X X , X Y ( 100% mt ) F1x F1 : XWXw x XWY W w W G: X , X ; X , Y W W W w W F2 : X X : X X :X Y : XwY 3 mt : 1 mt trng + Php lai nghch: P : XwXw ( mt trng ) x XWY( mt ) G: Xw ; Xw , Y F1 : XWXw (50% mt ) , XwY ( mt trng) W w w F1x F1 : X X x XY G : : XW , Xw ; Xw , Y F2 : XWXw : XwXw : XWY : XwY 1 mt : 1 mt trng : 1 mt : mt trng Vy, php lai thun gen ln trn X do b truyn cho con gi v biu hin chu trai b. Ni dung nh lut : - Di truyn cho : tnh trng ca b truyn cho con ci (gi), tnh trng ca m truyn cho con c - Hai php lai thun nghch cho: kt qu khc nhau . 3. GEN TRN NST Y :( quy lut di truyn thng ) -NST Y a s loi hu nh khng mang gen , nn hu nh gen trn NST X him c gen tng ng trn Y . Tuy nhin , 1 s loi ng vt , NST Y cng mang gen . - NST Y ngi c on mang gen tng ng vi gen trn X , nhng cng c on gen trn Y m khng c gen tng ng trn X V d : ngi tt dnh ngn tay s 2 v s 3 do gen ln (a) trn NST Y gy ra v ch biu hin nam gii P : XX x XYa G: X ; X , Ya F1 : XX ( 50% gi BT ) : XYa ( 50% trai dnh ngn ) - Ni dung di truyn thng : tnh trng qui nh bi gen nm trn NST Y di truyn 100% cc cp NST gii tnh XY ( 100% con trai ) 4. ngha : hin tng di truyn lin kt vi gii tnh c ng dng phn bit gii c hoc gii ci giai on sm pht trin ca c th lc hnh thi gii tnh cha th hin ra kiu hnh, nh c th chn lc tng nng sut . V d : ga ngi ta s dng gen tri A trn NST gii tnh X xc nh lng vn , phn bit trng, mi khi mi n. G trng con XA XA c lng vn u r hn so vi con mi XA Y . BI TP P DNG. ngi bnh mu kh ng do gen ln (h) lin kt vi gii tnh gy ra. Trong mt gia nh b b mu kh ng m bnh thng, c 2 con : Con trai mu kh ng, con gi bnh thng. Kiu gen ca m phi nh th no? A. XHXH B. XHXh C. XhXh D. XHXH hoc XHXh ngi bnh mu kh ng do gen ln (h) lin kt vi gii tnh gy ra. Kiu gen v kiu hnh ca b m phi nh th no cc con sinh ra vi t l 3 bnh thng ; 1 mu kh ng l con trai A. XHXH x XhY B. XHXh x XhY C. XHXh x XHY D. XHXH x XHY Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh -17-Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 g A: Lng sc vn; a: long trng . Cc gen nm trn NSt gii tnh X Lai g mi trng vi g trng sc vn F1 c g mi trng. Kiu gen ca b m l A. XaY x XAXA B. XaY x XAXa A a a C. X Y x X X D. XAY x XAXa Bnh mu kh ng ngi do gen ln trn NSt gii tnh X B mu kh ong ly m mu ng bnh thng sinh c con trai con gi bnh thng. Nhng ngi con gi ny ly chng bnh thng. Kt lun no sau y l ng A. Chu ca h khng th mc bnh B. Chu ca h chc chn mc bnh C. H c th c chu trai mc bnh D. H c th c chu gi mc bnh Bnh mu kh ng ngi do gen ln trn NSt gii tnh X B mu kh ng, m bnh thng ng ngoi mc bnh. Xc nh t l sinh ra nhng a chu kho mch trong gia nh? A. 25% B. 50% C. 0 % D. 100% VI. DI TRUYN HC NGI BI TP P DNG ngi, bnh bch tng do gen ln nm trn nhim sc th thng qui nh. Nu b v m u l th d hp th xc sut sinh con b bch tng l bao nhiu? A. 12,5% B. 25% C. 37,5% D. 50% Ngi ph n mang kiu gen d hp Aa ly chng thun tay phi. Xc xut ngi ph n ny sinh ra a con thun tay tri l: A. 12,5% B. 25% C. 50% D.75% T l kiu gen sinh ra t IAIO x IBIO l: A.P: IAIB : IAIO : IBIO : IOIO B. P: IAIO : 2IAIB : IBIO C. P: IAIB : IOIO D. P: IAIO : 2IOIO : IBIO Trong 1 gia nh b v m u c tm vc thp, tc xon sinh c cc a con mang cc kiu hnh khc nhau, trong c a c tm vc cao, tc thng. Bit mi tnh trng do 1 gen trn nhim sc th thng qui nh, cc gen phn li c lp v khng xy ra t bin. T l xut hin nhng a con c tm vc thp, tc thng t cp b m trn l bao nhiu? A. 0,5625 B. 0,1875 C. 0,125 D. 0,0625

30. ngi, bnh m mu do gen ln nm trn nhim sc th gii tnh X qui nh, gen tri qui nh kiu hnh nhn mu bnh thng. Cho 1 s ph h sau y: I 1 II 1 2 3 : Pht biu sau y ng v I2 l: A. Mang i gii tnh XY v cha gen tri B. Mang i gii tnh XX v l th d hp C. Mang i gii tnh XX v l th ng hp tri D. Mang i gii tnh XX v l th ng hp ln Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh -18-Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312 n bnh thng 2 K hiu nam bnh thng nam b m mu

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 C 2 anh em sinh i cng trng, ngi anh ci v mu A sinh a con mu B, ngi em ci v mu B sinh a con mu A. Kiu gen, kiu hnh ca 2 anh em sinh i ni trn l: A. IAIB (mu AB) B. IAIA hoc IAIO (mu A) C. IBIB hoc IBIO (mu B) D. IOIO (mu O) VII. DI TRUYN HC QUN TH BI TP P DNG Cho bit: AA: lng en, Aa: lng m, aa: lng trng. Mt qun th g c 410 con lng en, 580 con lng m v 10 con lng trng. Tn s tng i ca mi alen A v a l: A. 0,7A; 0,3a B. 0,3A; 0,7a C. 0,42A; 0,48a D. 0,48A; 0,42a Cng theo d liu ca cu 6, t l kiu gen ca qun th g ni tn khi t trng thi cn bng l: A. 0,09 AA : 0,42 Aa : 0,49 aa B. 0,49 AA : 0,42 Aa : 0,09 aa C. 0,1764 AA : 0,5932 Aa : 0,2304 aa D. 0,2304 AA : 0,5932 Aa : 0,1764 aa Cho bit P: 100% Aa. Sau cc th h t phi (ni phi), t l kiu gen F3 l: A. 0,125 AA : 0,4375 Aa: 0,4375 aa B. 0,4375 AA : 0,4375 Aa : 0,125 aa C. 0,4375 AA : 0,125 Aa : 0,4375 aa D. 0,4 AA : 0,1 Aa : 0,5 aa mt n g ni th chung, im ngu nhin 100 con thy c 9 con lng trng,11 con m trng en cn li l lng en. Nu gi gen D quy nh mu en l tri khng hon ton, th kiu gen DD -> en, Dd -> m, dd -> trng. Trong trng hp ny , tn s (f) ca D v d l A. f(D)= 0,7; f(d)= 0,3 B. f(D)= 0,91; f(d)= 0,09 C. f(D)= 0,855; f(d)= 0,145 D. f(D)= 0,8; f(d)= 0,2 mt qun th giao phi: gen A c 2 alen, cn gen B c 3 alen. Nu 2 gen ny phn li c lp, s th tinh v gim phn bnh thng th i sau co s kiu gen l A. 8 B. 15 C. 18 D. 36 mt qun th giao phi 120 c th kiu gen BB, 400 c th Bb v 480 c th bb. Nu gi p l tn s alen b, l. A. p= 0,32; q= 0,68 B. p= 0,68; q= 0,32 C. p= 0,12; q= 0,48 D. p= 0,36; q=0,64

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 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 VIII. T BIN NHIM SC TH A. t bin NST Mt on : ngi mt on nhim sc th 21 gy ung th mu. Lp on : rui gim, lp on 16A hai ln trn nhim sc th X lm cho mt hnh cu tr thnh mt dt o on : rui gim ngi ta pht hin c 12 o on . trn NST s 3, lin quan ti kh nng thch nghi vi nhng iu kin nhit khc nhau trong mi trng Chuyn on : mt on nhim sc th ny b t ra v gn vo mt NST khc, hoc 2 nhim sc th khc cp cng t mt on no ri trao i on b t vi nhau, cc on trao i c th l tng ng hoc khng

Cu trc

t bin NST
Lch bi

2n -2 : th khng 2n 1 : th mt 2n +1 : th ba 2n + 2 : th t

S lung
a bi

a bi chn : 4n,6n,8n a bi l: 3n, 5n,7n D a bi : 2n +2n (cha b NST ca 2 loi

** Kin thc b sung :

a. t bin lch bi ngi : - Ngi c 3 NST s 21 Hi chng Down ( ao) : c ngn , gy rng , khe mt xch , si n , v sinh - Cp NST s 13,15 : 3 chic NST sc mi , tha ngn , cht yu - Cp NST s 23 : + XXX : ( siu n ) : bung trng , d con khng pht trin , kh c con + XO : ( tcn ) : n ,ln , c ngn , tr tu chm pht trin , v sinh + XXY :( Claiphent ) : nam , chn tay di , m mu , si n , v sinh + OY : c l b cht B. Cch vit giao t cc th a bi : Qui c gen : A : qu a: Qu vng Th t bi ( 4n ) - Qu : AAAA Giao t : AA - Qu : AAAa Giao t : AA : Aa - Qu : AAaa Giao t : 1/6 AA : 4/6Aa : 1/6 aa - Qu : Aaaa Giao t : Aa : aa - Qu vng : aaaa Giao t : aa Th tam bi : ( 3n ) Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh -20-Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 Qu : AAA Giao t : AA : A Qu : AAa Giao t : 1/6AA : 2/6 Aa : 2/6A: 1/6 a Qu : Aaa Giao t : 1/6 Aa : 2/6 aa : 2/6 a : 1/6 A Qu vng : aaa Giao t : aa : a

BI TP P DNG 1/ Dng t bin cu trc nhim sc th t nh hng n sc sng ca sinh vt l:

A. Chuyn on. B.Mt on. B. Lp on. D.o on. 2/ Th a bi t gp ng vt v: A. t bo ng vt s lng NST thng ln. B. Th a bi ng vt thng gy cht, hoc c ch xc nh gii tnh b ri lon v nh hng n qu trnh sinh sn. C. t bo ng vt khng bao gi xy ra hin tng khng phn li ca cc cp NST tng D. Khng c gii thch no ng 3/ Hu qu ca t bin lp on l: A. Tng hoc gim bt s biu hin cng ca tnh trng. B. Lm tng cng s hot ng ca tnh trng. C. Tng s lng gen trn NST. D. A v C 4/ Nhng dng t bin cu trc nhim sc th l: A. Mt mt hoc mt s cp nhim sc th.. B.Mt on, o on, lp on, chuyn on. B. Thm mt hoc mt s cp nhim sc th. D. Mt, thm, thay th, o v tr ca mt cp nucltit 5/ Th mt nhim c b nhim sc th thuc dng: A. 2n-1 B.n + 1 C.2n+1 D.n 1 6/ Hin tng lp on NST s dn n: A. Lm tng hay gim cng biu hin ca tnh trng. B. Lm tng kch thc ca t bo, lm c th c kch thc ln hn C. Khng nh hng n kiu hnh do khng mt vt cht di truyn D. Gy cht cho sinh vt 7/ ngi 2n = 46 NST, s lng NST t bo ngi b bnh ao l: A. 45 B. 47 C. 48 D. 92 8/ Hi chng ao ngi c nhng biu hin c bn l: A. Khe mt xch, li dy v di. B. C th pht trin chm, si n v thng v sinh B. C ngn, gy rng v dt, ngn tay ngn D. Tt c cc biu hin trn 9/ Cc dng t bin ch lm thay i v tr ca gen trong phm vi 1 nhim sc th l: A. Chuyn on v lp on trn 1 NST B. Mt on v lp on nhim sc th B. o on v lp on trn 1 nhim sc th d. o on v chuyn on trn 1 nhim sc th 10/ C ch pht sinh t bin lp on l: A. Mt on no ca NST thm vo. B. Mt on no ca NST t ra v gn vo v tr khc. C. Mt on no ca NST lp li mt hay nhiu ln D. Trao i cho khng cn gia 2 NST tng ng lm tng s lng gen trn NST 11/ Ngi con trai c NST gii tnh k hiu l XXY, mc hi chng no sau y: A. Siu n. B. Tooc n (Turner). C. ao (Down D. Claiphent (Klinefelter). Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh -21-Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 12/ c chua 2n = 24 nhim sc th, s nhim sc th th tam bi l: A. 25 B. 48 C. 27 D. 36 13/ Trng hp trong t bo ca c th sinh vt c 2 cp NST, mi cp tng ln mt chic gi l: A. Th tam nhim B. Th tam nhim kp C. Th t nhim D. Th mt nhim kp 14/Trong trng hp ri lon phn bo 2, cc loi giao t c to ra t c th mang kiu gen XAXa l A. XAXA, XaXa v 0. B. XA v Xa. C. XAXA v 0. D. XaXa v 0. 15/ .Trong trng hp ri lon phn bo 2, cc loi giao t c to ra t c th mang kiu gen XY khi nhim sc th kp XX khng phn ly l A. XX, XY v 0. B. XX , Yv 0. C. XY v 0. D. X, Y v 0. 16/ .Trong trng hp ri lon phn bo 2, cc loi giao t c to ra t c th mang kiu gen XY khi nhim sc th kp XX khng phn ly l A. XX, XY v 0. B. XX , Yv 0. C. XY v 0. D. X, YY v 0. 17/.Tng s nhim sc th ca b lng bi bnh thng mt loi c s lng 22, trong t bo c th A cp th 5 v cp th 6 u c 4 chic, c th l th A. t bi. B. th bn kp . C. a bi chn. D. th tam nhim kp. 18/ T bo 2n mang kiu gen Aa khng hnh thnh thoi v sc trong nguyn phn dn n to ra kiu gen no sau y t bo con? A. AAAA B. aaaa C. AAaa D. Aaa 19/ .Mt ph n c c 47 nhim sc th trong c 3 nhim sc th X. Ngi thuc th A. ba. B.tam bi. C. a bi l. D. n bi lch. 20/ .Mt ph n c 47 nhim sc th trong c 3 nhim sc th X. Ngi b hi chng A. Tc n. B. ao. C. siu n. D. Claiphent. 161.S tng mt s nguyn ln s NST n bi ca mt loi l hin tng A. t a bi. B.tam bi. C.t bi. D.d a bi. 162.Cc a bi lch c ngha trong A. tin ho, nghin cu di truyn. B.chn ging, nghin cu di truyn. B. chn ging, tin ho, nghin cu di truyn. D.chn ging, tin ho. 164.S th tinh gia 2 giao t (n+1) s to nn A. th 4 nhim hoc th ba nhim kp. B. th ba nhim. C. th 1 nhim. D. th khuyt nhim. 176.Mt loi c b nhim sc th 2n = 14. Mt c th ca loi trong t bo c 21 nhim sc th c th thuc th A. d bi. B. tam nhim. C. tam bi. D. a bi lch. 177.Mt loi c b nhim sc th 2n = 24. Mt cc th ca loi trong t bo c 48 nhim sc th c th thuc th A. t bi. B. bn nhim. C. d bi. D. a bi lch. 178.Th a bi c hnh thnh do trong phn bo A. mt s cp nhim sc th khng phn ly. B. tt c cc cp nhim sc th khng phn ly. C. mt cp nhim sc th khng phn ly. D. mt na s cp nhim sc th khng phn ly. 179.S kt hp gia giao t n vi giao t 2n ca loi to th A. tam nhim. B.tam bi. C.ba nhim kp. D. tam nhim kp. 180.S kt hp gia 2 giao t 2n ca loi to th A. bn nhim. B.t bi. C.bn nhim kp. D.d bi lch. 181.D a bi l hin tng trong t bo cha b nhim sc th A. lng bi ca loi. B. lng bi ca 2 loi. C.ln hn 2n. D.n bi ca 2 loi. *182.Nu k hiu b nhim sc th ca loi th nht l AA, loi th 2 l BB th song nh bi l A. AABB.B.AAAA. C.BBBB. D. AB. 183.Nu k hiu b nhim sc th lng bi ca loi th nht l AA, loi th 2 l BB, t a bi gm A. AABB v AAAA. B. AAAA v BBBB. Trng THPT Nguyn Hu Cnh -22-Hoang Ngoc Nam - 0972486312

 cng bi tp sinh hc 12 nm hc 2009 - 2010 C.BBBB v AABB. D. AB v AABB. 184.Nu k hiu b nhim sc th lng bi ca loi th nht l AA, loi th 2 l BB, th d t bi l A. AABB. B. AAAA. C. BBBB. D. AB. 185.S kt hp gia giao t 2n ca loi A vi giao t 2n ca loi B to th A. t bi. B. song nh bi th. C.bn nhim. D. bn nhim kp.

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