Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011
Nhn dng trong h kn qu trnh hi qu nhit trong l hi ca Nh my
m Ph M
Closed-loop identication of overheated steam process in an industrial water-
tube boiler of Phu My plant
Trnh Th Khnh Ly
1
, Hong Minh Sn
2

1
Khoa Cng ngh t ng, i hc in lc
2
B mn iu khin t ng, Vin in, i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni
Email: {lyttk@epu.edu.vn, hmson-ac@mail.hut.edu.vn}

Tm tt
Bi bo ny trnh by phng php nhn dng qu
trnh nhit v p sut hi qu nhit trong l hi ca
Nh my m Ph M vi b d liu c thu thp
trong khi h thng ang vn hnh n nh. Trn c s
p dng phng php nhn dng vo-ra cng nhau kt
hp thut ton ti u sai s d bo, phng php tip
cn mi y da trn cu trc iu khin phi tp
trung vi cc b iu khin n bin c p dng
thng dng trong thc t. Kt qu nhn dng cho ta
ng thi m hnh tuyn tnh ca qu trnh 2x2 cng
nh m hnh ca cc b iu khin nhit v p
sut. Kt qu tnh ton v d liu m phng kim
chng cho thy m hnh nhn c c tnh st thc
cao so vi d liu thc nghim, cht lng m hnh
c ci thin nhiu so vi cc kt qu trc y.

Abstract
This paper presents the identification of overheated
steam temperature and pressure an industrial water-
tube boiler of Phu My plant with the experimental
data collected while the system was running under
closed-loop control. Using joint input-output
identification in conjunction with prediction error
method, our new approach relies on decentralized
control structure using single-loop controllers as
common in pratice rather than on centralized
mulivariable control structrure. we obtained the linear
model of the 2x2 process, as well as linear models of
temperature controller and pressure controller
simultaneously. Computation and simulation results
showed a high accuracy of the estimated models over
true data values; the model quality was improved
significantly in comparison to prior works.

K hiu
u(t) Tn hiu iu khin
y(t) Tn hiu ra c iu khin
r(t) Tn hiu t
d(t) Nhiu u vo
e(t) Nhiu u ra (tp trng)
Vc t tham s cn c lng
q Ton t li
C(q) Hm truyn ca b iu khin
G
o
(q) Hm truyn ca qu trnh l tng
G(q, ) Hm truyn ca m hnh c lng
H
o
(q) Hm truyn nhiu l tng
H(q, ) Hm truyn nhiu ca m hnh c lng
Z
N
Tp d liu
Sai s d bo

Phng sai ca e(t)
Ch vit tt
FPE Final Prediction Error
NSR Noise to Signal Ratio
PEM Prediction Error Method
PRBS Pseudorandom Binary Sequence


1. M u
Ngy nay hu ht cc phng php iu khin hin
i u da trn m hnh ton hc ca i tng, m
hnh ny c th l m hnh l thuyt hoc m hnh
thc nghim. M hnh l thuyt c xc nh da
trn nh lut vt l, ha hc v cc thng tin v thit
b. Tuy nhin phng php ny i hi ngi s
dng phi c rt nhiu kinh nghim, bn cnh qu
trnh cng nghip rt phc tp nn vic m t bng
m hnh l thuyt cng ht sc kh khn v kh t
chnh xc cao. M hnh thc nghim c xc
nh da trn d liu thc nghim thu thp c t
qu trnh m d liu ny c thu thp theo kiu vng
h hoc vng kn. i vi cc qu trnh cng nghip
thng yu cu thu thp d liu phi m bo h
thng ang vn hnh n nh do nhn dng vng
kn l ht sc cn thit. Chnh v vy m nhn dng
vng kn t lu c s dng ch yu nhn
dng h thng trong cc ng dng cng nghip [1].
i tng thc nghim m bi bo cp ti l l hi
ca Nh my m Ph M. L hi l mt thit b to
ra hi nc lm nng lng c dng rt rng ri
trong cc qu trnh cng nghip. vn hnh tt l
hi th cn phi kim sot c cc i lng quan
trng nh nhit v p sut hi qu nhit. Mc d
cc h thng iu khin c a vo vn hnh s
dng, nhu cu nng cao an ton, cht lng iu
khin v hiu qu kinh t lun c t ra, nht l khi
c tnh ca qu trnh thay i dn theo thi gian. Cc
phng php iu khin hin i nh iu khin d
bo, iu khin thch nghi, hay cc bi ton chn on
h thng, ti u ha vn hnh h thng u yu cu
74
Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011
m hnh rt chnh xc ca qu trnh [2],[3], tuy nhin
vic xy dng m hnh phi tin hnh trong khi h
thng ang vn hnh n nh.
u im ca nhn dng vng kn l do h thng lm
vic vi vng iu khin phn hi nn lm gim nh
hng ca nhiu n h thng, n cng cho php
nhn dng tt hn vi cc h thng c tn hiu ra rng
buc. Tuy nhin, nhn dng h kn c mt vn ln
bi vng iu khin phn hi li chnh l nguyn nhn
gy ra s tng quan gia tn hiu vo v nhiu h
thng, c th lm mt i tnh nht qun ca phng
php nhn dng, gy ra sai lch m hnh (bias error)
[1],[4]. iu ny khin cho rt nhiu phng php
nhn dng (rt thnh cng vi h h) tht bi khi p
dng trong vng kn. Hn na vi cu trc vng kn
phc tp khi s dng m hnh cu trc khng tham s
th vic xc nh m hnh i tng s tr nn kh
khn. Vn th hai ca nhn dng vng kn l
iu kin kch thch tn hiu v tnh thng tin ca d
liu thc nghim [5]. Mc ch vng iu khin phn
hi gim nh hng ca nhiu nhng cng qua
n ng thi lm gim iu kin kch thch ca h
thng v lm gim thng tin ca d liu dng nhn
dng, gy ra sai s phng sai ca m hnh nhn dng
(variance error) [1].



Xt mt h iu khin c m t trn Hnh 1, cc
phng php nhn trong h kn c phn loi thnh
ba nhm phng php l nhn dng trc tip, nhn
dng gin tip v nhn dng vo-ra cng nhau [6]:
i) Nhn dng trc tip: Tn hiu vo u v tn hiu ra
y ca h thng c quan st nhn dng m hnh
i tng G v m hnh nhiu H. Phng php ny
khng yu cu thng tin v b iu khin; tnh nht
qun v chnh xc ti u s t c nu chn
c phng php c lng tham s ph hp. Tuy
nhin, khc vi nhn dng vng h, nhn dng vng
kn trc tip i hi chnh xc ca m hnh nhiu.
Khi m hnh nhiu cng cn xc nh cng m hnh
i tng v cu trc m hnh nhiu c chn n
gin, th m hnh nhiu c lng c s tn ti sai
lch. Do vy, vic chn c mt m hnh nhiu tt
mi m bo s thnh cng ca phng php [1], [6].
ii) Nhn dng gin tip: Phng php ny c s
dng khi bit cu trc v c tnh ca b iu
khin phn hi. Sau khi tin hnh nhn dng m hnh
h kn t tn hiu t r v tn hiu ra y, ta dn xut ra
m hnh i tng trn c s bit thng tin v b
iu khin. u im ca nhm phng php ny l
hu ht cc phng php c lng tham s thng
dng nh phn tch ph, bin ph v khng gian con
u c th c s dng xc nh m hnh h kn.
Tuy nhin, hn ch ca phng php nhn dng gin
tip l ch c th p dng vi b iu khin tuyn tnh
v phi bit trc m hnh b iu khin tuyn tnh
iu kin ny kh p ng c i vi nhiu h
thng iu khin qu trnh cng nghip.
iii) Nhn dng vo-ra cng nhau: Da vo cc tn
hiu vo-ra ca h kn (tn hiu t r, tn hiu iu
khin u, tn hiu ra y, ), ta s ng thi xc nh
c m hnh ca i tng cng vi m hnh ca b
iu khin. y chnh l u im ni tri ca phng
php ny so vi cc phng php trc tip v gin
tip. Bn cnh , mt u im khc ca nhn dng
vo-ra cng nhau l m bo tnh nht qun ca thng
s c lng bt chp m hnh nhiu c s dng,
v cng m bo tnh nht qun ca kt qu nhn
dng vi b iu khin phi tuyn [7], [8].
Cho n nay c kh nhiu nghin cu v nhn
dng m hnh l hi, tuy nhin cc phng php nhn
dng trong vng kn t c cp ([2],[3],[9]). Kt
qu nhn dng l hi ca Nh my m Ph M ln
u tin c trnh by trong [9] s dng phng
php nhn dng trc tip trong vng kn v thut ton
bnh phng ti thiu. Vi b d liu thc nghim thu
thp t qu trnh trong thi gian 1 thng, cc m hnh
nhn c mc d vi s bc rt khc nhau (t 4 n
50) cho thy mc st thc t c ch t 58,7%
n 81.7%.
Trn c s cc phn tch trn y, nhm tc gi la
chn phng php nhn dng nhn dng vo-ra cng
nhau kt hp s dng thut ton ti u sai s d bo
(PEM) xy dng m hnh ng hc ca qu trnh
2x2 ca l hi vi cc bin ra l nhit v p sut
hi qu nhit, vi b d liu thc nghim c k
tha t cng trnh [9]. Khc vi phng php tng
qut p dng cho mt h iu khin a bin, phng
php tip cn mi y hon ton da trn cu trc
iu khin phi tp trung c p dng trong thc t.
Hai vng iu khin phi tp trung s c nhn dng
ring bit, trong i vi mi vng iu khin th
bin iu khin ca vng iu khin cn li s c
coi l nhiu o c. Vi phng php tip cn ny,
ta c th n gin ha phng php nhn dng vo-ra
cng nhau mt cch ng k so vi trng hp tng
qut.

2. Nhn dng vo-ra cng nhau
Gi s qu trnh thc c cho bi h phng trnh:

0 0
( ) ( )
t t t
y G q u H q e = + (1)
( )( )
t t t t
u C q r y d = + (2)
T phng trnh (1) v (2) ta c:
t
o
o
t
o
o
t
o
o
t
e
q C q G
q H
d
q C q G
q G
r
q C q G
q C q G
y
) ( ) ( 1
) (
) ( ) ( 1
) (
) ( ) ( 1
) ( ) (
+
+
+
+
+
=
(3)
t
o
o
t
o
t
o
t
e
q C q G
q H q C
d
q C q G
r
q C q G
q C
u
) ( ) ( 1
) ( ) (
) ( ) ( 1
1
) ( ) ( 1
) (
+

+
+
+
=
(4)
y
e
H. 1 S h iu khin kn
r
u
C
+
-
G
H
+
d
+
+
75
Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011
M hnh ca h kn c vit li nh sau:
( ) ( ) ( )
t y t y t y t
y G q r F q d H q e (5)
( ) ( ) ( )
t u t u t u t
u G q r F q d H q e = + (6)
trong :

0
1
( )
1 ( ) ( )
o
S q
G q C q
(7)

0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
r o
G q S q G q C q (8)

0
( ) ( ) ( )
y o
F q S q G q (9)

0
( ) ( ) ( )
y o
H q S q H q (10)

0
( ) ( ) ( )
u t
G q S q C q (11)

0
( ) ( )
u
F q S q (12)

0 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
u
H q S q C q H q (13)
T phng trnh (6) ta c ph cng sut ca tn hiu
vo c xc nh nh sau:

2 2
2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
j j
u u r u d
j
u e
r d e
u u u
G e F e
H e
w w
w
w w w
w
w w w
(14)
vi

2
( ) ( ) ( )
w
w w
u
r j
u r
G e (15)

2
( ) ( ) ( )
w
w w
d j
u u d
F e (16)

2
( ) ( ) ( )
w
w w
e j
u r e
H e (17)
Coi (r
t
, d
t
) l cc tn hiu vo v (y
t
, u
t
) l cc tn hiu
ra ca h kn, m hnh ca h thng c m t bi
hai phng trnh:

1 1 1
( , ) ( , ) ( , ) q q q
t y t y t y t
y G q r F q d H q e (18)

2 2 2
( , ) ( , ) ( , )
t u t u t u t
u G q r F q d H q e u u u = + (19)
Sai s d bo c xc nh bi cc biu thc sau:

1
1 1 1 1
( ) ( , )[ ( , ) ( , ) ] e q q q q
r
t y t y t y t
H q y G q r F q d (20)

1
2 2 2 2
( ) ( , )[ ( , ) ( , ) ] e q q q q
u
t u t u t u t
H q u G q r F q d (21)
Sau khi xc nh c cc hm truyn trn y da
trn ti thiu ha mt hm ph tn (hm mc tiu), m
hnh hm truyn ca qu trnh s c tnh ton theo
cng thc:

1
1 2
2

( , )

( , , )

( , )
q
q q
q
y
u
G q
G q
G q
(22)
Tng t nh vy, hm truyn ca b iu khin
c xc nh theo cng thc:

1 2
1
( )
(1 ) ( , , )
y
y
G
C q
G G q q q
(23)
3. Thut ton sai s d bo trong nhn
dng vo-ra cng nhau
Cc thut ton c lng tham s m hnh rt phong
ph v a dng, tuy nhin tng qut v c ng
dng ph bin hn c l phng php sai s d
bo (PEM) [5]. Nguyn tc ca PEM l c lng
tham s sao cho sai s d bo l ti thiu. u im
ca phng php ny l c tnh tng qut, m hnh
cho kt qu c cht lng tt, c kh nng p dng
rng ri, c th p dng cho c h phi tuyn ln tuyn
tnh trn min thi gian cng nh min tn s. Cng
theo [5] th PEM l s la chn tt nht p dng
cho nhn dng h kn, bi v n s gii quyt c cc
vn ca h kn m rt nhiu phng php khc
khng thc hin c tt. Huang & Shah [10] cng
ch ra rng m hnh nhn dng c vi PEM s cho
phng sai tim cn l nh nht. Bi bo trnh by
thut ton PEM p dng trong phng php nhn
dng vo-ra cng nhau.
Thay (5) vo (20) ta c:

1
1 1 1
1
( ) ( , )[( ( ) ( , ))
( ( ) ( , )) ( ) ]
r
t y y y t
y y t y t
H q G q G q r
F q F q d H q e
e q q q
q
(24)
Thay (6) vo (21) ta c:

1
2 2 2
2
( ) ( , )[( ( , )) ( )
( ( , )) ( )) ( ) ]
u
t u u u t
u u t u t
H q G q G q r
F q F q d H q e
c u u u
u

=
+ +
(25)
Ph cng sut ca sai s d bo s l:
2
1 1
1
1
( ) [ ( ) ( , ) ( )
( , )
w w
w
q q w
q
y j j
e y y r e j
y
G e G e
H e
2
2
1
( ) ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( )]
w w w
q w w
j j j
y y d y e
F e F e H e (26)
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
1
( ) [ ( ) ( , ) ( )
( , )
( ) ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( )]
u j j
e u u r
u
j j j
u u d u e
G e G e
H q
F e F e H e
e e
e e e
u u e
u
u e e
u = u
+ u + u
(27)
Chn hm ph tn (hm mc tiu) nh gi sai s
d bo:
{ }
e u e u e
t
u c u c u u
t
t
d
E V
u
e
y
e
u y N
) , ( ) , ( (
2
1
) ( ) ( ) , (
2 1
2
2
1
2
2 1
u +
}
u =
+ =

(28)
Thay phng trnh (26) v (27) vo phng trnh (28)
ta c:
1 2
2
2
1
2
2 2
1 2
2
2
1
2
2 2
1 2
2
2
2
2 2
1 2
( , )
( , )
( , ) 1
( ) ( )
2 ( , ) ( , )
( , )
( , ) 1
( ( )
2 ( , ) ( , )
( )
( ) 1
( )
2 ( , ) ( , )
p w
w
w w
p
p w
w
w w
p
p w
w
w w
p
q q
q
q
w w
p q q
q
q
w w
p q q
l w
p q q
N
j
j
y
u
r j j
y u
j
j
y
u
d j j
y u
j
j
y
u
j j
y u
V
G e
G e
d
H e H e
F e
F e
d
H e H e
H e
H e
d
H e H e
(29)
76
Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011
B tham s cn c lng nhm ti thiu ha hm ph
tn:
) , ( min arg ,
2 1
2 1 u u u u
N
V =
(

. .
(30)
Theo Ljung [1] ta c :

1

( , ) ( ) ( )
cov ( )
(
( , )
w
w
q w w
w
w l
q
j
N uv ue
v
j
ue
N
G e
n
N
H e
(31)
Suy ra:

2

cov ( , ) ( )
( ) ( )
w
l
q w
l w w
j
N v
u ue
n
G e
N
(32)
Thay (14) vo (32) ta nhn c:

) ( ) (
) (
)

, ( cov
e e
e
u
e
d
u
r
u
v
N
j
N
n
e G
u + u
u
= (33)

4. Xy dng m hnh hi qu nhit ca
l hi
H thng iu khin nhit v p sut hi qu nhit
l hi ca Nh my m Ph M c trnh by trong
ti liu [9]. Ta c th coi y l mt h iu khin 2
vo-2 ra vi s khi trn H. 2. K hiu cc bin
qu trnh c tm tt nh trong bng sau. Ngoi ra,
nhiu o cc u ra nhit v p sut c k hiu
ln lt l v
1
v v
2
.

Bin qu trnh K hiu
1. TIC8253.SV
2. PIC4048.SV
3. FIC8252.PV
4. FIC8201.PV
5. FIC8253.PV (nhiu ti)
6. TIC8253.PV
7. PIC4048.PV
r
1

r
2
u
1
u
2

d
y
1

y
2





T tng chnh y l ta a bi ton nhn dng h
iu khin kn vi qu trnh 2 vo-2 ra vi cu trc
iu khin phi tp trung v nhn dng 2 h 1 vo-1 ra,
trong i vi mi h con th u vo ca h cn li
ng vai tr nhiu o c. Nh sau y s ch r,
thng qua vic li dng c im ca cu trc tng
tc vn c bn trong h iu khin 2x2, ta c th n
gin ha phng php nhn dng vo-ra cng nhau
mt cch ng k so vi trng hp tng qut.
Do h thng ang vn hnh trong vng kn, ta ch c
th thay i c cc gi tr t trong mt phm vi
kh nh cho php. S liu thc nghim khi thay i
gi tr t ca nhit hi qu nhit ca l hi
(TIC8253.PV) c th hin trn H. 3, s liu thc
nghim khi thay i gi tr t ca p sut hi qu
nhit (PIC4048.PV) c th hin trn H. 4.





4.1 X l d liu thc nghim
D liu thc nghim k tha b d liu thc nghim
cho i tng l hi t lun vn [9]. Tp d liu thu
thp vo/ra o c l u
m
(t) v y
m
(t). D liu thc
nghim c chia lm hai phn: mt phn dng
nhn dng cn mt phn phc v mc ch kim
chng m hnh nhn dng. D liu dng phc v
nhn dng c loi b gi tr trung bnh:
( ) ( )
m
u t u t u ; ( ) ( )
m
y t y t y (34)
Vi
1
1
( )
N
m
t
u u t
N
;
1
1
( )
N
m
t
y y t
N
(35)
H. 3 Nhit hi qu nhit ca l hi
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
372
374
376
378
380
382
384
386
O
u
t
p
u
t
Time (s)
TIC 8253 SV
TIC 8253 PV
0
C
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
37.8
38
38.2
38.4
38.6
38.8
39
39.2
Time (s)
O
u
t
p
u
t
(
b
a
r
)
PIC 4048 SV
PIC 4048 PV
H. 4 p sut hi qu nhit ca l hi
H. 2 S h thng iu khin nhit v p
sut hi qu nhit
G
21
G
12
G
22
G
11
C
1
C
2
y
1
y
2
u
1
u
2
+
+
+
+
-
r
1
-
r
2
v
1
+
v
2
77
Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011
4.2 Thit lp m hnh
i) M hnh nhit hi qu nhit
T s khi trn H.2 ta c quan h gia cc u
vo-ra cho vng iu khin nhit hi qu nhit
ca l hi c m t nh sau:

1 11 12
1 1 2 1
1 11 1 11 1 11
1
1 1 1
C G G
y r u v
C G C G C G
(36)

1 1 12 1
1 1 2 1
1 11 1 11 1 11
1 1 1
C C G C
u r u v
C G C G C G
(37)
Coi u
2
l nhiu o c, ta vit gn li a v bi
ton nhn dng vng h cho mt h vi cc u vo
l (r
1
, u
2
) v cc u ra l (y
1
, u
1
) :

1 11 12
1 11 1 11 1 11 1 1
1
1 2 1 1 12 1
1 11 1 11 1 11
11 12 1
1 1
21 22 2
1
1 1 1
1 1 1
C G G
C G C G C G y r
v
u u C C G C
C G C G C G
T T r
H v
T T u
(38)
Cc hm truyn ca m hnh qu trnh nhit s c
xc nh t kt qu nhn dng:

11
11
21
T
G
T
;
22
12
21
T
G
T

Hm truyn ca b iu khin nhit s l:

22
1
12
T
C
T

ii) M hnh cho p sut hi qu nhit
Hon ton tng t ta c ta c quan h gia cc u
vo-ra cho vng iu khin p sut hi qu nhit ca
l hi c m t nh sau:

2 22 21
2 22 2 22 2 22 2 2
2
2 1 2 2 21 2
2 22 2 22 2 22
11 12 2
2 2
21 22 1
1
1 1 1
1 1 1
C G G
C G C G C G y r
v
u u C C G C
C G C G C G
X X r
H v
X X u
(39)
Cc hm truyn ca m hnh qu trnh p sut s c
xc nh t kt qu nhn dng:

11
22
21
X
G
X
;
22
12
21
X
G
X

Hm truyn ca b iu khin p sut l:

22
2
12
X
C
X

4.3 c lng tham s m hnh
Cc tham s ca m hnh (38) cng nh (39) c
c lng t d liu thc nghim p dng thut ton
PEM vi hm mc tiu (28). Sau khi chy chng
trnh c lp trnh trn Matlab, ta c kt qu m hnh
qu trnh nhit nh sau :

1 2
11 1 2
0.6413 1.286 0.6465
( )
1 1.972 0.9718
q q
G q
q q
(40)

1 2
12 1 2
182.9 326.1 143.8
( )
1 1.752 0.7504
q q
G q
q q
(41)
Hm truyn ca b iu khin nhit l:

1 2
1 1 2
3629 7154 3526
( )
1 1.752 0.7504
q q
C q
q q
(42)
M hnh p sut hi qu nhit l:
1 2 3 4 5
22 1 2 3 4 5
0.017-0.012 0.102 0.21 0.15 0.04
( )
1 10.08 20.53 14.3 2.2 0.67
q q q q q
G q
q q q q q
(43)
1 2 3 4 5
21 1 2 3 4 5
1.2 5.2 8.54 6.6 2.34 + 0.28
( )
1 4 5.8 3.3 0.18 0.32
q q q q q
G q
q q q q q
(44)
Hm truyn b iu khin p sut l
1 2 3 4 5
2 1 2 3 4 5
33 332.9 678 472.4 72.5 21.9
( )
1 4 5.8 3.3 0.18 0.32
q q q q q
C q
q q q q q
(45)
Trn H. 5 l th so snh hm phng sai
) (
T
yy E ca tn hiu ra o c vi tn hiu ra ca m
hnh qu trnh nhit nhn c phng trnh (40) v
(41), ng thi cng so snh vi m hnh nhn c
t cc phng php nhn dng trong vng kn khc l
phng php trc tip v gin tip. Tng t, H. 6 l
s so snh kt qu phng php nhn dng vo-ra
cng nhau vi cc kt qu s dng phng php nhn
dng trc tip v gin tip i vi m hnh p sut hi
qu nhit. Kt qu thu c cho thy r, hm phng
sai ca tn hiu ra nhn c t phng php vo-ra
cng nhau gn nht vi ng phng sai ca tn hiu
thc. T nhn thy vic la chn phng php
nhn dng c ngha quan trng nh hng n cht
lng ca m hnh c lng.

4.4 Kim chng m hnh
M hnh sau khi nhn dng cn phi c kim chng
v k thut nh gi cho c s dng rt ph bin.
Kim chng m hnh da trn ch s cht lng
(perfomance index) l s ph hp ca m hnh nhn
dng vi d liu thc nghim c nh gi bng
cng thc sau [5]:

| |
| |
% 100 .
) (
)

, ( ) (
1
1
2
1
2


=
=
=
n
k
n
k
N
y k y
k y k y
FIT
u
(46)
Cc m hnh nhn c trn y cho thy c chnh
xc rt cao, v d m hnh qu trnh nhit cho ch s
cht lng FIT = 98.01%. Tuy nhin, trn thc t
xt n nh hng ca nhiu o ti m hnh nhn
dng, ta tin hnh m phng vi cc s liu u ra
thc nghim o c cha nhiu n trng vi t l
nhiu trn tn hiu NSR= 5% v 20%. ph hp ca
m hnh vi d liu nh gi c biu din trn
Hnh 7 v Hnh 8. Kt qu cho thy khi t l nhiu
trn tn hiu tng th cht lng ca m hnh gim,
song ngay c vi NSR=20% ta vn c kt qu kh tt.
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Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011


5. Kt lun
Phng php nhn dng vo-ra cng nhau vi thut
ton c lng PEM c nhm tc gi la chn
xc nh m hnh nhit v p sut hi qu nhit
ca l hi da trn d liu thu thp ti Nh my m
Ph M trong khi h thng ang vn hnh. M hnh
nhn dng c mc d ch c bc 2 v bc 4 (ph
hp vi m hnh l thuyt), nhng cng cho chnh
xc kh cao ngay c khi tn ti nhiu o. Bn cnh
m hnh qu trnh, ta cn xc nh c hm truyn
ca b iu khin. Nhng kt qu ny chng t kh
nng p dng thnh cng cc phng php nhn dng
hin i vo trong thc t cng nghip, lm c s gii
quyt cc bi ton iu khin v ti u ha h thng.

Ti liu tham kho
[1] Ljung, Lennart: System Identification Theory
for User. 2
nd
Edition, Prentice Hall, 1999.
[2] Zhu, Y.: Multivariable System Identification for
Process Control. Elsevier Science &
Technology Books, 2001.
[3] Rodriguez Vasquez, J.R.; R. Rivas Pezez; J.
Sotomayor Moriano.; J.R.P. Gonzalez: System
identification of steam pressure in a fire tube
boiler. Computer and Chemical Engineering,
2008.



[4] Gibson, Marion; Hoff, Paul Van den.:
Instrument Variable Methods for Closed loop
System Identification. Automatica 41, 2005, pp
241- 249.
[5] Urban, Forsell,: Lennart, Ljung.: Closed loop
identification revisited. Automatica 35, 1999, pp
1215-1241.
[6] Soderstrom, Torsten.; Stoica, Petre.: System
Identification; Prentice Hall. 1989
[7] Hoff, Paul Van den.: Closed-loop Issues in
System Identification. Annual Reviews in
Control, 1998, pp 173- 186,
[8] Brett Ninnes; H. Hjalmarsson.: Analysis of the
Variability of Joint Input-Output Estimation
Methods.
[9] Nguyn Hu Quc t.: Xy dng m hnh ng
hc cho l hi trong nh my m Ph M,
Lun vn Thc s, i hc Bch khoa H Ni,
2009
[10] Huang, B.; Shah, S.: Closed loop identification a
two step aproach. Journal of process control,
7,1997, pp 425-438
[11] M.Gervers, L.Miskovic, D.Bonvin, A.Karimi,
Identification of multi input system: variance
and input design issues, Automatica 42, 2006,
pp 559- 572.


2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
T
I
C

8
2
5
3
.
P
V
kiem chung mo hinh voi NSR=20%
time(s)
Measured Output
m20 Fit: 82.99%
H.8 Kim chng m hnh vi NSR=20%

2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
T
I
C

8
2
5
3
.
P
V
kiem chung mo hinh voi NSR=5%
time(s)
Measured Output
m5 Fit: 90.61%
H.7 Kim chng m hnh vi NSR=5%
-2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
The covariance function estimates
c
o
v
a
r
i
a
n
c
e

f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
true
join input -otput
direct
indirect
H. 5 Phng sai ca u ra nhit nh gi trn m
hnh c lng v trn d liu thc nghim
-2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
The covariance function estimates
true
joint input -ouput
direct
indirect
H. 6 Phng sai ca u ra p sut nh gi trn
m hnh v trn d liu thc nghim

79
Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011

Trnh Th Khnh Ly tt nghip
K s in, chuyn ngnh o
lng-Tin hc cng nghip nm
2002 v Thc s chuyn ngnh o
lng v cc h thng iu khin
nm 2004 ti H Bch khoa H
Ni.
T nm 2002 n nay, ThS. Trnh
Th Khnh Ly l ging vin khoa
Cng ngh T ng, Trng i
hc in lc. Hin ch ang l nghin cu sinh chuyn
ngnh L thuyt iu khin v iu khin ti u, H Bch
khoa H Ni; hng nghin cu chnh l nhn dng v iu
khin cc qu trnh cng ngh.

Hong Minh Sn nhn bng Tin
s (Dr.-Ing.) ngnh in ca TU
Dresden-CHLB c nm 1998 v
hng cc h thng iu khin qu
trnh. T nm 2000, anh l ging
vin B mn iu khin T ng,
Khoa in (nay l Vin in), H
Bch khoa H Ni; t nm 2006 l
Ph gio s ngnh iu khin.
Cc hng nghin cu chnh ca
PGS. Hong Minh Sn bao gm:
cc h iu khin phn tn v phn
cp, cng ngh phn mm iu
khin v t ng ha, nhn dng v iu khin cc qu trnh
cng ngh.


80