Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

Nghin cu kh nng ng dng FPGA trong vic iu khin ng b h ng c mt chiu trong dy chuyn bc cp vin thng A study on practical application of FPGA technology in controlling synchronically a brushed DC motor of telecommunication cable plaiting/spinning line
Trng ng Khoa Hc vin K thut Qun s e-Mail: khoahn@yahoo.com
Tm tt Bi bo trnh by nhng kh nng thc t ng dng cng ngh FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) trong vic iu khin v ng b tc cho mt dy chuyn bn cp vin thng, nhng u, nhc im, cc vn k thut cn phi tp trung gii quyt khi thc hin thc t. Abstract: The article shows pratical applications of FPGAtechnology in controlling synchronically a brushedDC motor of telecommunication cable plaiting/spinning line; advantages, disadvantages and technical problems to be handled in reality.

2. Nhng kh nng thc t khi ng dng FPGA trong iu khin v ng b tc

Hin nay, cng ngh FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) pht rt mnh v ang c ng dng mt cch rng ri trong nhiu ngnh k thut v cng nghip. Vic ng dng cc board FPGA trong vic thit k h thng iu khin ng b cho mt dy chuyn bn cp vin thng c cc u im ni bt: [2] - S cng logic t hp trong mt board l rt ln, do c th gii quyt c bi ton iu khin vi cc chng trnh ng b tc khc nhau; - Tc x l rt cao, x l song song, p ng c yu cu thi gian thc vi iu khin h thng nhiu ng c mt chiu; - Trn cc board FPGA t hp sn cc b bin i A/D, D/A nn d dng phi hp vi cc tn hiu tng t u vo, u ra (v d, tn hiu phn hi dng in); - S lng u vo, u ra trn mt board FPGA rt ln, c ty quy nh, do c th a ra tn hiu iu khin cho mt s lng ln ng c mt chiu; - Chng trnh phn mm hng i tng, c t chc theo cc qu trnh (process), d vit cng nh kim tra, sa li.

1. Cc gii php k thut hin nay trong iu khin v ng b tc h nhiu ng c mt chiu

H thng iu khin v ng b tc cho dy chuyn nhiu ng c mt chiu sn xut cp vin thng hin nay vn ch yu s dng theo nguyn tc thay i in p phn ng, to tn hiu xung ng b dng rng ca, so snh vi in p iu khin mt chiu xc nh gc m ca thyristor nhm thay i in p mt chiu a n ng c [2]. Gii php phn cng thc hin nguyn tc ny ch yu da trn cc phn t sau: - Dng cc linh kin ri rc, nh bn dn, t, tr; - Dng cc linh kin t hp logic (IC s); - Dng vi iu khin vi cc phn mm lp trnh thng dng (C, C+); - Dng PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) vi cc modun x l s m rng.
Nhi du chng m

3. Xy dng s chc nng v chng trnh iu khin v ng b tc 3.1.S chc nng ca dy chuyn bn cp vin thng (hnh 1) [1]

Qun bng mica Gung cp Ko cp Thu cp

H 1. S chc nng thit b dy chuyn bn cp vin thng

VCCA-2011

106

Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

Nh vy, trong dy chuyn bn cp vin thng thng c 4 ng c mt chiu: - ng c gung cp, trn b tr cc rulo c cc i dy xon nhm; - ng c bc bng mica; - ng c ko dy; - ng c thu dy vo bobin. Trong 4 ng c ny, quan trng nht v c nh hng quyt nh n cht lng bn cp l ng c gung cp, y cng l ng c c cng sut ln nht. Trong qu trnh ng b tc s coi ng c ny l ng c chnh (master), cc ng c cn li l ng c ph (slave). Cc ng c ph ngoi vic t n nh tc theo cc tn hiu phn hi cc b (phn hi dng, p) cn c ng b tc theo tn hiu phn hi ca ng c chnh. Thut ton iu khin cc ng c y l iu khin theo chng trnh i vi dung lng i cp khc nhau, vic n nh tc vn dng thut ton PID c in. Cc thut ton ny c t chc trong chng trnh ca FPGA. u ra iu khin ca FPGA y l cc xung iu khin c v tr v rng theo yu cu, nhng bin thp (thng l mc 3,3V). Xung iu khin ny c khuch i m ri qua bin p xung n cc iu khin ca thyristor khuch i cng sut (hnh 2).
~
Bin p dng

Khuych i m

Khuych i cng sut Master

ng c Master

Tn hiu ng b

o tc

Tn hiu ngt s c

FPGA
o tc Khuych i cng sut Slave (1,2,3) ng c Slave (1,2,3)

Khuych i m

H 2. Cu trc h thng iu khin v ng b tc ng c cho dy chuyn bn cp

3.2. T chc chng trnh

Vic t chc chng trnh iu khin ng b tc cho dy chuyn bn cp c vit trong mt Project hon chnh vi cc th tc nh khai bo cng vo/ra, nh ngha cc hng, bin, tn hiu v.v... c vit trn ngn ng thng dng VHDL hoc Verilog. Di y s xem xt cc chng trnh (process) chnh (hnh 3). Nhim v chnh ca cc process nh sau - Process khi ng: Nhn tn hiu khi ng h thng hoc tn hiu dng khn cp khi c s c trong qu trnh hot ng ca dy chuyn. - Process tng tc : Thc hin vic thay i t t v tr ca xung iu khin vi tc ph hp vi c tnh c ca tng ng c c trong dy chuyn, cng nh t s tryn ca cc b gim tc, m bo

trong giai on ny bc xon v cng ca cp vn t yu cu. - Process n nh tc : y l process thc hin thut ton n nh tc cho tt c cc ng c trong dy chuyn. Thut ton n nh tc s dng PID, c bit trong process ny cn phi to c dch xung iu khin theo v tr gc m yu cu v du ca sai lch tc theo quy lut hm cosin, do s thay i in p mt chiu u ra t l vi cosin ca gc m thyristor. - Process chn xung iu khin: To ra cc nhm xung iu khin a n tng ng c. - Process to rng xung iu khin: To rng xung iu khin theo yu cu, ty thuc vo cng sut ca tng ng c.

VCCA-2011

107

Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

Tn hiu khi ng

Process Khi ng

Tn hiu ngt s c

Tn hiu ng b

Process Tng tc

Tn hiu t (Gc m yu cu) Phn hi t ng c Master

Phn hi cc b

Process n nh tc

Process To xung iu khin

Process To rng xung iu khin

Tn hiu dng h thng

Process Gim tc

H 3. T chc chng trnh iu khin ng b tc

3.3.Mt s kt qu nghin cu ti phng th nghim

Trn c s nghin cu cc phng php iu khin tc ng c mt chiu, tc gi cng vi nhm sinh vin dn s chuyn ngnh iu khin cng nghip ti Hc vin K thut Qun s thc hin thit k m hnh thu nh ca mt cng on trong dy chuyn bc cp, gm vic ng b tc cho 3 ng c: ko dy ri dy thu dy vo rulo. Cc thit b chnh bao gm: - 03 ng c mt chiu loi 221 (cng sut 13W, kch t c lp, in p kch thch 110V, in p phn ng 0-110V, tc 3000 vng/pht). - Board FPGA BASYS-2 ca Digillent vi 16 u vo/ra dnh cho ngi s dng. - o v phn hi tc s dng Encoder tng i loi E6A2-CWZ5C ca mrn, phn gii 100 xung/vng quay. - S chnh lu c iu khin dng s chnh lu 1 pha 2 bn chu k vi 2 thyristor v 2 iot. Nhm nghin cu ca sinh vin tin hnh thit k, ch to cc phn t c kh truyn ng v xy dng chng trnh iu khin ng b theo ngn ng VHDL ca Xilinx; tin hnh chy ng b h thng. Kt qu v mt cm quan nhn c dy c ri v thu vo rulo u n, theo tng lp vi cc tc t trc khc nhau, tuy nhin cha c kh nng th nghim trong iu kin c xung nhiu cng nghip tc ng.

Cc board FPGA hin nay u c h tr cc cng ni ghp vi mn hnh (cng VCA), cng PS/2 tiu chun nn hon ton c th xy dng cc giao din iu khin v gim st hot ng ca dy chuyn bn cp thng qua chut, bn phm. S lng cng vo/ra trn mt board FPGA kh ln, cng vi chng trnh x l song song nn hon ton c th s dng mt board FPGA duy nht thc hin chng trnh iu khin ng b tc . Mt hn ch c bn cn phi khc phc khi ng dng thc t l phi m bo kh nng chng nhiu cho board FPGA do ng c mt chiu cng sut ln dng chi than; hn ch ny c th c khc phc bng cch dng dy dn tn hiu c bc kim, cc mch lc nhiu xung v b tr board trong v hp kim loi chng nhiu.

Ti liu tham kho

Ti liu h thng dy chuyn bn cp n 300 i ca hng Daewoo; Cng ty c phn Vt liu Bu in, 2001. [2] Thn Ngc Hon, Nguyn Tin Ban. iu khin t ng cc h thng truyn ng in, NXB Khoa hc K thut, 2007. [3] Volnei A. Pedroni, Circuit Design with VHDL, McGraw-Hill, 2004. [1]

Kt lun VCCA-2011
108

Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

Trng ng Khoa sinh nm 1967, nhn bng K s chuyn ngnh Tn la nm 1989 v bng Thc s ngnh T ng ha nm 1999 ti Hc vin K thut Qun s. T nm 2000 n nm 2004 l ngin cu sinh v nhn bng Tin s ngnh iu khin ti trng i hc k thut tng hp mang tn N.E. Bauman - Cng ha Lin bang Nga. tham gia ging dy ti Hc vin K thut Qun s t nm 1990. Hin nay l Ging vin chnh, Ch nhim B mn T ng v K thut tnh, Khoa K thut iu khin, Hc vin K thut Qun s. Hng nghin cu chnh l cc h thng iu khin thit b bay.

VCCA-2011

109