Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011
Nghin cu, thit k v ch to h o tri im lm vic ca b iu ch
in quang
Realizing the instrumentation system for measuring the tranfer function
drift of electro-optic modulator
1
Bi ng Thnh,
1
o c Thnh,
2
Bernard Journet
1
Trng HBK H Ni
2
SATIE, ENS Cachan, France
e-Mail: buidangthanh-3i@mail.hut.edu.vn


Tm tt
B iu ch in quang l thit b quan trng trong rt
nhiu cc h thng nh h thng thng tin quang, h
thng cm bin. c tnh ca b iu ch ny c
xc nh theo mi quan h ca in p t vo in
cc lm vic (mt chiu) v cng sut quang u ra.
Vic m bo hot ng ti vng tuyn tnh nht trn
hm truyn l mt vn rt quan trng. Tuy nhin
hm truyn li b tri nn vic t mt gi tr phn cc
ti u (nh im lm vic) trc c th tr nn
khng c nhiu ngha. Vic tri ca hm truyn s
dn n vic gim hiu sut lm vic cc cc h thng
ng dng c dng b iu ch ny. xc nh mc
tri, mt tn hiu d tm tn s thp (500 Hz) c
a vo trong in cc phn cc v s phn tch
thnh phn sng hi bc hai sau b iu ch c
thc hin. Vi vic o thnh phn sng hi bc hai
ny, ng x khng tuyn tnh ca b iu ch c th
c xc nh.
Bi bo chng minh mi quan h gia thnh phn
sng hi bc hai vi mc tri ca hm truyn v
in p phn cc ca b iu ch, bn cnh cc kt
qu m phng trn Malab/Simulink cng chng minh
s ph hp vi cc tnh ton trc .
Mt h o c xy dng trn c s cc vi iu khin
PSoC c kt ni my tnh c thc hin cho kt
qu ban u rt tch cc, chnh xc ca h o
tri t c l 0,107%. y l c s pht trin cc
h thng b tri sau ny.

T kha : b iu ch in quang, sng hi bc hai,
b so pha, ng x phi tuyn, im lm vic.

Abstract:
Electro-optic modulator (EOM) is a key component in
many systems like optic communication systems,
sensor systems. The EOM are characterized by its
voltage to optical output transfer function.
Unfortunately, during their operating time, the EOM
are subject to a drift of the optical transfer function,
therefore the initial tuning of bias point is no longer
corresponding to the best characteristics of the device.
Consequently, there is degradation during time of the
performances of the system in which the EOM is
included. One of the main effects of this drift is that
the EOM does not work anymore in linear behaviour.
For determining the drift, a low frequency modulation
signal (at 500 Hz) is applied to the EOM and a
harmonic analysis is performed. By the measurement
of the second harmonic component, the non-linear
behaviour can be quantified.
This paper has been demontrated the relation between
the second harmonic component, the DC current and
the bias voltage. Otherwise, the calculating results are
verified by Madlab/simulink simulation.
An instrumentation system is carried out with two
microcontroller PSoC and it communicates with the
computer by a user interface. The accurate
measurement has been obtained until 0.107%. This is
a base to developpe the system of drift compensation.

Keywords: electro-optic modulator, second
harmonic, phase comparator, non-linearity behaviour,
bias point.

1. Phn m u
B iu ch in quang l phn t quan trng dng
trong cc h thng thng tin quang, trong cc ng
dng v o chit sut v khong cch vi chnh
xc cao. Chng dng chuyn i thng tin tn
hiu in thnh thng tin di dng tn hiu quang.
Hot ng l tng ca b iu ch ny t c khi
khi in p nh im lm vic nm cng st vi gi
tr ti u trn hm truyn t (v tr tuyn tnh nht)
cng tt. Tuy nhin iu ny t c khng d dng,
bi ngay c vic tm c im lm vic ti u th sau
khong thi gian lm vic no , chng cng b tri.
C nhiu nguyn nhn dn n s tri trong phi
k n s thay i ca nhit mi trng, hin
tng phn cc, do s thay i ca cng sut quang
[1,2,3].
Bi bo t chc thnh 6 phn chnh, sau phn gii
thiu, b iu ch in quang c trnh by trong
phn 2, phn 3 s trnh by v phng php xc nh
tri ca hm truyn, cc tnh ton v m phng
trn Matlab/Simulink kim nh cc tnh ton trc
, tip theo l phn xy dng h o v phn th 5 l
trnh by cc kt qu thc nghim, cui cng l kt
lun.

571
Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011
2. B iu ch in quang
B iu ch dng trong nghin cu ny l loi b iu
ch theo cng kiu Mach-Zehnder. l loi
thit b c trn th trng, lm t vt liu LiNbO
3

(chun MX-LN-10 ca cng ty Photline) vi di tn
iu ch ln n 12 GHz. Theo chng c hai in
cc, mt nh im lm vic v mt iu ch tn
hiu cao tn. Hm truyn t ca chng c th c
trnh by theo phng trnh sau 4].

(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + = |
t
q o
t
) ( cos 1
2
1
) ( t V
V
P t P
b in out
(1)
, P
out
(t), P
in
l cng sut quang ra v vo ca b
iu ch, V
a
l in p t vo b iu ch, V

l in
p na sng, | l dch pha ca hm truyn, o l h
s suy gim quang v q l h s thm thu quang.
M t mt b iu ch in quang kiu Mach-
Zenhder c th c trnh by trn hnh 1.
iu ch HF
Ti 50
Cng sut
quang u vo
V
in
(t)
Cng sut
quang u ra
in
P
out
P

H. 1 B iu ch in quang kiu Mach-Zehnder
R rng hm truyn ca b iu ch (1) c dng hm
sin. Nh cc phn tch trn, vic dch chuyn v tr
ca hm truyn s gy ra s thay i tn hiu u ra
iu ch v gy ra cc tc hi khng mong mun
trong cc h thng ng dng dng b iu ch ny.
Hnh 2 m t hm truyn hai v tr tng ng vi
hai thi im khc nhau. Vi cng mt tn hiu u
vo ca b iu ch, ta s nhn c hai tn hiu khc
nhau u ra v y l mt minh ha r rng cho vn
tri hm truyn ca b iu ch.
V
t

TF
2
TF
1
Modulating signal
MS
1
MS
2
V
bp
P
out
A
B
C
B
1

H. 2 Hm truyn ca b iu ch ti 2 thi im khc
nhau

3. Xc nh tri ca hm truyn
3.1 Phng php
C nhiu phng php trn th gii a ra nhm xc
nh tri. C th chia chng thnh hai nhm:
- Nhm cc phng php s dng s o trc tip tn
hiu quang m chng c truyn trc tip qua b
iu ch 3,5]. Nguyn tc ca phng php l da
trn s xc nh mi lin h gia ng x tn s cao
(RF), dng mt chiu v hm truyn.
- Nhm cc phng php s dng tn hiu d tm m
chng c a vo in cc mt chiu ca b iu
ch 1,6]. Nguyn l ca phng php ny l xc nh
mi tng quan gia tn hiu iu ch, mc tri
ca hm truyn v in p phn cc.
Thc t th c hai nhm cc phng php trn u c
nhng u nhc im nht nh. Trong nghin cu
ny, nhm th hai c la chn bi chng c kh
nng ng dng cho mi h thng s dng b iu ch,
ngay c vi cc h thng thng tin quang m cc i
tc truyn thng nm cch xa nhau.
Tn hiu d tm y c chn sao cho tn s
thp khng nh hng n qu trnh iu ch tn
s cao, nhng li khng qu nh cc b lc c th
hot ng tt, bi cc l do ny m tn hiu iu ch
tn s 500 Hz c a vo th nghim, phng trnh
ca tn hiu d tm c trnh by phng trnh sau:
) 2 sin( ) (
0
t f V t v
bM bm
t = (2)
Tn hiu ny s c a vo in cc mt chiu
nhm iu ch tn hiu quang. Nh vy bn cnh tn
hiu d tm ny, thnh phn V
a
trong (1) s c thm
thnh phn in p phn cc DC. Phng trnh (1)
by gi c th vit di dng:

| |
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + + = = |
t
q
o
t
) ( cos 1
2 ) (
) (
) (
0
t v V
V t P
t P
t H
bm b
in
out
op
(3)
T phng trnh (2) v (3) chng ta c th vit li

(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + + = |
t
t
t
q
o
t t
0 0
) 2 sin( cos 1
2
) (
b bM op
V
V
t f V
V
t H
(4)
Da v cc phn tch chui Fourier, s dng cc hm
Bessel chng ta c c phng trnh mi:

(
(
(
(
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
=

=
1
0 1 2
1
0 2 0
) 1 2 cos( ) ( sin 2
) 2 cos( ) ( 2 ) ( cos 1
2
) (
n
n
n
n
op
t n J
t n J J
t H
e o q
e o o q
o
(5)
th , /
t
t o V V
bM
=
t
t | V V
b
/
0
+ = . R rng
l h s v ph thuc vo in p na sng V

, v bin
ca tn hiu d tm.
Tn hiu sau iu ch c th nhn c nh mt b d
tm quang, v c biu din nh sau:

) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( t P t H G R G R t .P t v
in op a L a L out out d p p
R R = =

(6)
y
p
R
l nhy, R
L
l tr khng vo ca b d
tm quang, G
a
l h s khuch i.
T (5) v (6) ta c th t c:

(
(

+ +
=

1
1 2
1
2 0
) 1 2 sin( ) ( ) sin( 2
) 2 cos( ) ( 2 ) ( ) cos( 1
) (
n
n
n
n
out d
t n J
t n J J
A t v
e o q
e o o q
(7)
,
0
2
P G R A
a L p
R
o
= , ) (o
k
J l hm Bessel.
T phng trnh ny, chng ta nhn thy thnh phn
tn hiu sau b iu ch s l tp hp ca rt nhiu cc
572
Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011
sng hi bc chn v l ca tn s tn hiu d tm.
Thnh phn sng hi bc hai l quan trng cho h
thng d tm tri hm truyn, chng c th nhn
c nh s dng b lc di thng la chn tn s
2f, hm truyn ca b lc di thng bc hai c th
trnh by nh sau :

2
2
0
1
1
) (
c c
c
BPF
j
Q
j
Q
H
j H
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
+
= (8)
phng trnh ny th Q l h s phm cht ca b
lc ti tn s lc
c c
f t e 2 = v H
0
chnh l h s
khuych i. B lc ny yu cu phi c phm cht
tt loi b cc thnh phn sng hi khc. u ra
l tng ca b lc ny sau khi cho cc thnh phn
sng hi trn i qua c th c m t bi phng
trnh:

) cos( ) 2 cos( ) ( . 2 ) ( ) (
0 2 0 2
e q o t J H A t V t V
H out BPF
= =

(9)
T phng trnh ny chng ta c th nhn thy gi tr
V
BPF-out
ph thuc vo gc pha | v in p phn cc
V
b0
. R rng mi quan h bin chng gia thnh phn
sng hi bc hai v mc tri ca hm truyn
c ch ra. Tuy nhin vic xc nh c mc
ca tri l cha v tri ny c th din ra
theo cc chiu khc nhau. Vic yu cu xc nh
hng ca tri cng l mt yu cu cp thit.
xc nh chiu ca tri, mt tn hiu chun
dng xung vung vi tn s e 2 c a vo,
phng trnh m t nh sau:

| |

=
+
+
+ =
0
0
1 2
2 ) 1 2 ( cos 2
2
) (
k
sq
k
t k C C
t V
e
t
(10)
C l bin ca tn hiu chun, k l s nguyn.
Khi chng ta nhn thnh phn ny vi tn hiu sau
b lc t c (9), ta s c phng trnh (11):
| |
) 2 cos( cos
1 2
2 ) 1 2 ( cos 2
2
1
) ( ) ( ) (
0
0
0
2
t B
k
t k
C t V t V t N
k
sq H
e
e
t

|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
+ = =

=

) ( . . 2
2 0
o J H A B = , t y chng ta thy rng
vic thay i cc gi tr ca s dn n s thay i
gi tr ca N(t), gi tr ny s t cc i khi 0 = , l
0 khi 2 / t = v cc tiu khi t = . Nhng nhn
xt ca phn chng minh ny s c kim nh qua
phn m phng tip theo. Gi tr trung bnh sau php
nhn ny (gi tr N(t)) c th c ly ra thng qua b
lc tn s thp.
S khi ca b o lng c th c trnh by trn
hnh sau:
2 f
0
2f
0
V2F
Optical
modulated
signal
2f
0
2f
0
NLI
Tn hiu sau iu ch

H. 3 S khi ca b o tri
u ra ca b o lng ny l tn hiu dng in p
NLI (mt nh ca N(t)), n nh gi mc phi tuyn
ca hm truyn ca b iu ch v n chnh l i
lng cho php ta xc nh mc tri ca hm
truyn.
3.2 M phng vi Matlab/Simulink
Vic m phng s dng phng trnh m hnh (1) vi
cc thng s sau V 7 =
t
V , mV 300

0
= V , 0 = | ,
1 = o v 1 = q . Mt chng trnh c vit trong
Matlab phn tch ph v hin th kt qu trong
cc d liu mang phn tch nhn c t vic thc
hin kt hp vi mt chng trnh trong Simulink,
cc m phng ban u l thay i in p phn cc v
quan st din bin ca thnh phn sng hi bc hai.
Chng ta cng quan st kt qu trong trng hp th
nht khi m gc pha v in p phn cc l khng.
Dng ca tn hiu v ph ca n c trnh by trn
hnh 4.

400 500 1000 1500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Magnitude
frequency(Hz)
M
a
g
n
i t u
d
e
(b)
(a)
400 500 1000 1500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Magnitude
frequency(Hz)
M
a
g
n
i t u
d
e
(b)
(a)

H. 4 Dng ca tn hiu v ph ca n ti V
b0
=0V
Nh vy v tr ny ch tn ti thnh phn sng hi bc
hai, tc im lm vic ang nm ti v tr phi tuyn
nht.

400 500 1000 1500
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
x 10
4
Magnitude
frequency(Hz)
M
a
g
n
i t u
d
e
(b)
(a)
400 500 1000 1500
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
x 10
4
Magnitude
frequency(Hz)
M
a
g
n
i t u
d
e
(b)
(a)

H. 5 Dng ca tn hiu v ph ca n ti V
b0
=1V
Ti gi tr V
b0
=1V, im lm vic nm ti v tr no
trn hm truyn (trong khong gi tr tuyn tnh nht
v phi tuyt nht), v chng ta quan st thy c cc
thnh phn sng hi khc nhau .

400 500 1000 1500
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
x 10
4
Magnitude
frequency(Hz)
M
a
g
n
i t u
d
e
(b)
(a)
400 500 1000 1500
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
x 10
4
Magnitude
frequency(Hz)
M
a
g
n
i t u
d
e
(b)
(a)

H. 6 Dng ca tn hiu v ph ca n ti V
b0
=3,5V
Ti gi tr V
b0
=3,5V, im lm vic nm chnh gia
ca hm truyn trn v tr tuyn tnh nht, do
chng ta quan st thy thnh phn sng hi bc hai l
khng tn ti.
T cc m phng u tin ny, chng ti tip tc tin
hnh cc m phng su hn v h o, mt s o
da trn cc khi m phng ca Simulink c trnh
by trn hnh 7.
573
Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011


H. 7 S h o trong Simulink
Vi gi thit l gc pha ban u l 0, chng ti thay
i cc gi tr in p phn cc v quan st dng ca
tn hiu trong mt s cc trng hp c bit sau.

(a)


(b)


(c)

H. 8 Kt qu m phng trong trng hp Vb0=1V; u
ra ca a) b iu ch, b) b lc, c) b so pha
Nh vy kt qu sau b so pha cho kt qu trn hnh
8 (c), tt nhin l gi tr trung bnh ca kt qu ny s
l mt gi tr m.
Tip tc m phng vi cc gi tr khc ca in p
phn cc chng ta quan st trn hnh 9.

(a)


(b)


(c)

H. 9 Kt qu m phng trong trng hp Vb0=3,5V;
u ra ca a) b iu ch, b) b lc, c) b so pha
Khi gc pha l khng v in p phn cc l mt na
ca gi tr in p na sng, th im lm vic nm
v tr tuyn tnh nht trn hm truyn, gi tr trung
bnh nhn c ca kt qu ny ng nhin l khng
do tnh i xng ca th. Chng ti cng tin hnh
m phng vi cc gi tr khc ca in p phn cc
xung quanh im lm vic ti u v kt qu nhn
c l ph hp vi cc nhn nh v mc tri ca
hm truyn.

4. Xy dng h o
T cc phn tch l thuyt v kt qu m phng,
chng ti tin hnh thit k h o tri ca hm
truyn. Mt mch o lng c thit k da trn 2 vi
iu khin PSoC, hai vi iu khin ny lm vic cng
nhau theo cu hnh ch t v trao i thng tin vi
my tnh qua chun USB/RS232. S khi ca h
o lng c m t trn hnh sau:
My tnh
B iu ch
RF DC
USB/RS232
Khi o lng
Laser
PSOC-1
PSOC-2
B chia
Detector
Vb(t)
I2C f
0
iu khin
phn cc

H. 10 S khi ca h o lng
Giao din ca phn mm thu thp v qun l thng tin
trn my tnh c pht trin trn ngn ng Visual
Studio v c trnh by trn hnh 11. Giao din ny
cho php xc nh mc tri t ng, t cc gi tr
in p phn cc v sau l quan st s tr li t b
iu ch, ghi li cc kt qu theo thi gian...
574
Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011


H. 11 Giao din ca phn mm trn my tnh

5. Kt qu thc nghim
5.1 Phn ng ca b iu ch
B iu ch c c tnh ha thng qua hm truyn
tnh, tng ng vi cng sut u ra v in p phn
cc. Mt tn hiu xung rng ca 7 Hz c a vo
in cc phn cc ny kho st c tnh tnh ca
b iu ch. Tn s ny thp m bo tr li
ca b iu ch s c coi l mt hm truyn tnh.
u ra ca cng sut quang theo thi gian khi t tn
hiu rng ca ny vo c m t trn hnh 12.

H. 12 Cng sut u ra quang thay i khi cho mt tnh
hiu xung rng ca 7 Hz vo.
Ngoi ra c tnh hm truyn ca b iu ch theo
quan h gia u ra theo in p phn cc c m t
trn hnh 13.

H. 13 Hm truyn ca b iu ch
Tip tc tin hnh cc thc nghim, chng ti s dng
mt my phn tch ph chuyn dng kim tra
thnh phn sng hi bc hai nhm xc nh im ti
u trn hm truyn. Cc gi tr in p nh im lm
vic c ua vo v ghi li cc p ng ca b iu
ch, cc p ng ny c nhn bit thng qua dng
ca tn hiu sau b so snh pha DG201 trn mch o,
v c trnh by trn hnh 14, cc kt qu ny nhn
c nh vic chp nh mn hnh trn my hin sng.

(a) V
b0
= 5.54V


(b) V
b0
= 5.11V


(c) V
b0
= 6.16V

H. 14 Dng in p u ra ca b so pha DG201
D dnh nhn thy trng hp u hnh 14 (a), khi
V
b0
=5,54 V th im lm vic nm chnh gia ca
hm truyn trn vng tuyn tnh nht, hnh 14 (b) v
14 (c) m t c hai v tr xung quanh im lm vic
ti u. Kt qu ny hon ton ph hp vi cc tnh
ton l thuyt cng nh kt qu m phng trnh
by trn hnh 8 (c) v hnh 9 (c).
nghin cu ng x ca b iu ch, mt in p
mt chiu thay i theo bc 74 mV c a vo
in cc phn cc, tt nhin l c km theo tn hiu
d tm. Din bin ca mc phi tuyn NLI theo s
thay i ca in p phn cc c ch ra trn
hnh 15. C bn im lm vic ti u c ch ra trn
hnh ny l A, B, C v D, nhng ch cc im A v B
c chn vi l do trnh in p qu cao t vo cc
in cc phn cc ny.
phn gii ca php o tri c th c xc nh
(V) 0049 , 0 5 * % 049 , 0 * 2 2
max_ min
= = =
input
V V o
th % 049 , 0 % 100
1024
1
2
1
% 100
2
1
2
1
~ = =
n
o
do ta c th xc nh chnh xc ca h o
% 107 , 0 % 100
6 , 4
0049 , 0
% 100
1 max
min
~ = =
V
V
M
o
575
Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011
Trong V
max1
l gi tr nh nh ca ng NLI
theo in p phn cc.

-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
N
L
I

(
V
)
10 5 0 -5 -10
Tension de polarisation (V)
A
B C D

H. 15 Din bin ca phi tuyn NLI ca b iu ch khi
in p phn cc thay i (bc l 74mV)

6. Kt lun
B iu ch in quang c vai tr quan trng trong
cc h thng thng tin quang cng nh trong cc h
cm bin o vi chnh xc cao hin nay. Vic xc
nh c mc tri cng nh chiu tri ca hm
truyn c vai tr quan trng trong cc nghin cu tip
theo pht trin cc h thng b, t ci thin cht
lng lm vic cho b iu ch ny, cng nh cht
lng ca cc h thng s dng chng. Kt qu t
c trong nghin cu ny c chng minh trn
l thuyt, c kim nh bng cc kt qu m phng
v t xy dng nn h o cho php o mc tri.
Vi chnh xc ca h o l 0,107% t c,
l kt qu tch cc v l cng c hu hiu kho st
mc tri cng nh pht trin cc h thng b mc
tri sau ny.

Ti liu tham kho
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Bi ng Thnh sinh nm 1976.
Anh nhn bng thc s v o
lng v cc h thng iu khin
ca trng i hc Bch Khoa H
Ni (HUST) nm 2002. T nm
2001 n 2007 anh l ging vin
ca B mn K thut o v Tin
hc Cng nghip (3I), HUST.
Anh nhn bng Tin s v in
t- T ng ha ca trng Ecole Normale Suprieure
de Cachan, cng ha Php nm 2011. Hin anh l
ging vin, nghin cu vin ca 3I, HUST. Hng
nghin cu chnh l thit k v thc hin cc h thng
o lng, iu khin, cc h thng nhng v h thng
mng cng nghip.

o c Thnh sinh nm 1973.
Anh nhn bng thc s v o
lng iu khin ca trng i
hc Bch Khoa H Ni nm
1997, T nm 1995 n nay anh
l ging vin, nghin cu vin
ca B mn K thut o v Tin
hc Cng nghip (3I), HUST.
Hng nghin cu chnh l thit
k v thc hin cc h thng o
lng, iu khin, cc h thng
nhng v h thng mng cng nghip.

Bernard Journet sinh nm 1956.
ng nhn bng Tin s nm 1983
ca trng Paris VI Pierre et
Marie Curie v nghin cu sng
a chn di, thu thp v x l d
liu. Nm 1989, ng bt u lm
vic ti trng ENS Cachan nm
1989 vi vai tr l ph gio s, v
tham gia ging dy vt l, in t
v quang in t. ng nghin cu cc b d tm di
laser, phn tch kh v truyn thng tin quang bo mt.
Hin ng l trng nhm nghin cu v siu cao tn
ca phng th nghim SATIE (Vin Alembert, ENS
Cachan) vi s mnh pht trin cc ng dng ca b
dao ng quang in t.



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