Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

Nng cao cht lng h thng cn tu ha ng Improving the quality of the dynamic railway scale system
Nguyn Trung Dng Trng i hc Giao thng Vn ti e-Mail: dungnt01@yahoo.com.vn Tm tt:
Bi bo gii thiu mt thit k h thng cn tu ha ng k c phn cng v phn mm trong kt hp nhiu gii php x l tn hiu cn ng cho on tu trn c s s dng my tnh cng nghip kiu khng qut, nhng Windows XP v h thng nhn dng u my toa xe t c tin cy cao v tha mn yu cu v chnh xc cho cn giao nhn thng mi .

L Thy Nga Trng i hc Giao thng Vn ti e-Mail: lethuynga77@gmail.com

mt hng ri nh than, qung khong sn, st thp, b tng, xi mng, th rt kh xc nh. Gii php a ra l qu trnh nh lng hng ha phi c tin hnh ngay trong qu trnh vn chuyn, khng lm gin on n cc qu trnh khc, l cn tu ha ng. u im ca cng ngh cn ny l m bo c tnh lin tc ca sn xut v vn chuyn, nng sut cn cao, sai s c th chp nhn c (vo c < 1 %). Trn th gii hin nay, cc hng sn xut cn ni ting nh Schenck, Mettler Toledo, TrakBlaze .... [3],[8] u c sn phm cn tu ha ng. Cu cn ca cc hng nc ngoi thng c ch to theo kh ng st v nn ng st tiu chun. Cn Vit Nam, do nh hng mi trng v v tr a l cng nh hn ch v cc dng c kim nh, thi cng nn nn ng hu nh cha t chun. Hn th na h u my, toa xe ca nc ta tng i c, c t lu, v khng ng nht mt kiu, do rt kh quy v chun. iu ny lm cho cc h thng cn nhp khu khi vn hnh trn ng st Vit Nam thng km tin cy v km chnh xc hn rt nhiu so vi ng k hay vn hnh nc ngoi. Cho n nay ngnh ng st v mt s cng ty khai thc khong sn cng trang b cc h thng cn tu ha ng trong ton b thit b v cng ngh u nhp ngoi nn mi khi h thng b trc trc u phi ch chuyn gia nc ngoi khc phc hoc gi i bo hnh ti nc ngoi. Vic u t nghin cu mt cch bi bn hon chnh v lm ch cng ngh cn tu ha ng nhm to ra sn phm trong nc c cht lng tng ng, ph hp vi iu kin vn hnh v thc trng u my, toa xe hin c ti Vit Nam ng thi c sc cnh tranh cao vi sn phm cng loi nhp ngoi l vic lm rt cn thit.

Abstract:
This paper presents a system design for the dynamic railway scale system including the hardware and software that combines multiple signal processing solutions for the dynamic railway scale system on the basis of using fanless industrial computer, embedded Windows XP and the locomotive - railcar identification system to achieve high reliability and precision requirements for the trade rail scale.

K hiu
K hiu M J M2 Mw Jt Ks2 Cs2 n v kg kg.m2 kg kg kg.m2 N/m N.s/m ngha khi lng thng xe, bao gm c hng m men qun tnh gt u thng xe khi lng gi chuyn trn l xo khi lng gi chuyn di l xo m men qun tnh gt u gi chuyn cng treo toa xe 2 h tr cn treo toa xe 2 h

Ch vit tt
IPC PLC WIM Industrial Personal Computer Programmable Logic Controller Weighing In Motion

2. Cu trc h thng cn tu ha ng
V cng ngh, mt h thng cn bao gm cc thit b chnh sau: mng cn v mt bn cn, thit b chng x, bo v qu ti, kp ray (nhm thit b c kh cng trnh); cc u o, b cng tn hiu, b khuych i v x l tn hiu, thit b nhn dng toa xe v phn mm qun l d liu (nhm thit b in t v CNTT) [1], [4], [5]. Trong cng trnh ny, tc gi la chn kt cu cu cn kiu platform vi chiu di bn cn 3.8m c th thc hin c cn tnh hoc cn ng tng gi chuyn cho bt k loi u my hoc toa xe no ang vn dng trn ng st Vit Nam. Kt cu c kh cng c tnh ton cng vng, trit tiu ti a cc dao ng ng thi chng x cc hng mt cch hiu qu nht. Cu trc tng th ca h thng cn c m t trn H. 1

1. M u
Vn ti ng st l mt loi hnh vn ti c khi lng hng ha chuyn ch ln. c th ngnh l chy trn tuyn c nh, vn u t ln, nhng hiu qu kinh t kh cao. C th chuyn ch c mt khi lng hng ha m khng mt loi hnh vn chuyn ng b no t c. Trong qu trnh pht trin ngnh, yu cu t ng ha cng pht trin theo. Mt vn kh nan gii t ra l lm sao t ng ha nh lng hng ha nhanh nht m khng lm nh hng ti qu trnh sn xut cng nh chuyn ch. i vi nhng mt hng ng bao b th vic ny tng i n gin, nhng cc

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H. 1

Cu trc ca h thng cn tu ha ng

Tn hiu t 4 u o (Load cell) c a v hp ni (Junction box), tn hiu bnh qun u ra c a ti b x l cn ng. Tn hiu t cm bin bnh tu (Wheel detector) c a v b t ng nhn dng u my v toa xe . Ti y s o tc tc thi ca tng toa xe, m s lng trc, o khong cch gia cc trc, khong cch tm ci chuyn nhn dng, phn tch u my v toa xe c trong on tu. D liu sau c truyn v my tnh qua ng truyn thng RS 485. D liu t b x l cn v b nhn dng c a v my tnh v c phn mm x l tnh ra khi lng ca tng gi chuyn hng v c on tu ng thi thc hin cc tc nghip ca ngnh ng st cng nh lu tr d liu cn.

3.1 M hnh ton hc toa xe Mt vn kh quan trng trong bt k hnh thc cn no l lc tc dng ca on tu xung ng ray. Nu ng ray hon ton bng phng v thng, nn ng khng c bin dng, mt ln bnh xe v nhng trc ca n l nhng hnh trn ng tm th khi chuyn ng trng tm ca di trc l xo t vo tm trc bnh xe s v nn mt ng thng t song song vi mt ng. Hin nay thng c 3 m hnh toa xe in hnh trong loi m hnh thng nht 2 h treo c s dng ch yu.

3. Qu trnh chuyn ng ca toa xe trn bn cn

Mt h thng cn ng (WIM) c th khng bao gi t n chnh xc nh h thng cn tnh v cc lc nhiu xy ra trong qu trnh cn ng. iu kin ray v t vt l nguyn nhn gy ra dao ng ging nh mt h thng bao gm khi lng v l xo. Vic nghin cu qu trnh chuyn ng ca on tu qua cn cho php ta tin on c nhng yu t chnh gy ra cc xung lc nhiu t c gii php x l hm khi lng ph hp t c chnh xc cho cn. *) Vn ng ni thng xe:
m Z C2 ( Z l ZT ) K 2 ( Z l ZT ) C2 ( Z l Z S ) K 2 (Z l Z S ) 0 *) Vn ng gt u thng xe:
J lC2 ( Z l ZT ) lK2 ( Z l ZT ) lC2 ( Z l ZS ) lK2 ( Z l ZS ) 0
.. . . . . . .

H. 2

M hnh thng nht toa xe 2 h treo

Cc phng trnh vi phn dao ng toa xe gm c:

..

..

(1) (2) (3)

*) Vn ng ni khung gi chuyn trc:

m2 ZT C2 ( Z l Z T ) K 2 (Z l ZT ) C1 (Z T ZCT ) K1 (ZT ZCT ) 0
.. . . . . .

*) Vn ng gt u khung gi chuyn trc:

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. . . lT C1 l l K1 l ( ZT T T Z B1 ) T ( ZT T T Z B1 ) 2 2 2 2 2 2 l C1 l l K1 l T ( ZT T T Z B 2 ) T ( ZT T T Z B 2 ) 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 *) Vn ng ni khung gi chuyn sau:

JT T

..

(4)

m2 Z S C2 (Z l Z S ) K2 (Z l Z S ) C1 (Z S ZCS ) K1 (Z S ZCS ) 0 *) Vn ng gt u khung gi chuyn sau: .. . . l C l . l K l JT S T 1 (Z S T S Z B 3 ) T 1 (Z S T S Z B 3 ) 2 2 2 2 2 2 lT C1 lT lT K1 lT ( Z S S Z B 4 ) ( Z S S Z B 4 ) 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 Vi: ZB1, ZB2, ZB3, ZB4 l nhp nh ca nn ng Z, , ZT, T, ZS, S l nhp nh, gt u thn xe v gi chuyn.

..

(5)

(6)

ZCT
.. .

Z ZB4 Z B1 Z B 2 ; ZCS B 3 2 2

Nhn xt thy dng phng trnh chung ca 4 phng trnh l: (7) Nghim ca (7) s gm 2 thnh phn, mt thnh phn dao ng t do v mt thnh phn dao ng cng bc. Hon ton ph hp vi l tnh ca h thng, l chu tc ng ca 2 thnh phn dao ng t do v dao ng cng bc. 3.2 Dng tn hiu thc t o c Trong thc t, do khng th xc nh c chnh xc cc gi tr hng s trong cc m hnh trn, do chng ta ch bit c dng hm ca lc tc dng ca toa xe ln ng ray. T bng thc nghim ngoi hin trng, chng ta c th bit c gn ng phng trnh lc tc dng trn.

M x C x Kx f (u )

H. 5

D liu thi gian thc o c ca u my TY7 ko 2 toa xe vi tc 10km/h

H. 3

Dng xung lc khi bnh tu ln vo bn cn

Qua H. 3 v H. 5 cho thy xung lc v dao ng khi bnh xe ln t ray c nh ln bn cn l khng th trnh khi. Gii php khc phc l x l nn ng ray trc, trong khu vc v sau bn cn tht tt, di on ray trc v sau cn x l t nht l 50 m ( khong gp 3 ln chiu di 1 toa xe). Khi gim c bin dao ng ny th mt phn cng gim c bin dao ng tn s ring 0 ca on tu. Tuy nhin cc xung lc kch ng vn cn v ph thuc vo vic tip cn cc bnh xe ca cc gi chuyn n v ri khi bn cn v cng ca h l xo. Vic loi tr hon ton cc dao ng khng mong mun sinh ra l kh thc hin, ta ch c th hn ch n mc ti thiu.

4. Nhn dng v o tc on tu
4.1 Nhim v cu h thng nhn dng 1. Xc nh hng tu, nhn dng c u my toa xe, pht hin v tr ca u my trong on tu. 2. Xc nh vn tc tc thi, khong cch trc trong mt gi chuyn, khong cch gi chuyn, s trc trong tng gi chuyn ca tng toa xe v gi d liu ng b ln my tnh trong chng trnh cn ng. y l nhng

H. 4

Hnh nh bn cn ngoi hin trng

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thng tin quan trng chng trnh x l tnh ton khi lng tnh c khi lng chnh xc vi tng loi gi chuyn v toa xe khc nhau. 3. Gi tn hiu bo tu chy sai di tc cho php trn bn cn (3Km/h 20 Km/h) v tn hiu bo tu chy qu gia tc cho php trn bn cn (v>2 Km/h) thc hin cn li. 4.2 Cm bin pht hin bnh tu pht hin s xut hin ca on tu ti vng cn, chng ta c th dng cc loi cm bin tim cn hoc cm bin quang hc, a chn ....Phng n c la chn y l dng cm bin tim cn kiu t. y l loi cm bin lm vic tin cy, chu c cc iu kin khc nghit v thi tit. ng. Cc hng nc ngoi lun lun bo v v gi c quyn i vi cng on x l v hiu chnh ny. 5.1 Cc thit b phn cng Cm bin trng lng loadcell l loi cht lng cao Model C16AD1 ti trng 30t ca hng HBM. Vi cc tnh nng k thut : nhy Cn = 2mV/V; phi tuyn l 0.0300 %ca Cn; nh hng nhit mi trng ti nhy l 0.025 % ca Cn ; sai s tr l 0.033 % ca Cn ; nhit lm vic t -30 C n +70 C, loi loadcell ny hon ton p ng c yu cu ca cn. B x l tn hiu Model RM 4220 cho php ni 4 u cn c nhy t 0.3 n 12 mV/V. y l b x l c cht lng cao, cc tnh nng ni tri nh: h s khuch i t 80 n 8500 ln; tri nhit l 0.2V/C ; cho php la chn b lc thng thp t 3 n 5000 Hz ; cc dng tn hiu ra chun hoc 10 V hoc 0 10V hay 4 20 mA ; nhit lm vic t 0 C n +70 C.

H. 6

Cm bin t c s dng

Trn mt bn cn, ta gn 2 cm bin t cnh mp trong ray. Khong cch gia 2 cm bin t l 3m . Khi c on tu i qua, s c dy xung t cc cm bin bo v tng ng vi s xut hin ca cc trc bnh xe. H thng nhn dng u my toa xe ch s dng 2 cm bin t t trn bn cn nhng li cung cp mt lng thng tin rt ln v hu ch cho qu trnh ng b v x l hm trng lng. Ch mt li sai st nh ca h thng nhn dng ny s lm cho vic b tc v b dao ng gp sai s rt ln hoc trng lng ca toa ny s c tnh cho toa khc dn n kt qu sai hon ton. Nhn thc c vn ny, nhm tc gi ti tp trung nghin cu cc gii php ng b t phn cng n phn mm nhm chng nhiu v tin cy ha mc ti a. Phn x l logic s b c thc trn b PLC loi nh S7-200 ca Siemens. D liu sau c truyn qua cng RS 485 v IPC. Cc thut ton chng nhiu, nhn dng nhiu tng v nng cao c ci t c trn PLC v trn IPC nhm m bo khng b st bt k trng hp v tnh hung hp no ng vi cc loi u my v toa xe ang vn hnh trn ng st Vit Nam. H thng trin khai thc t ngoi hin trng hot ng rt tt trong iu kin ngoi tri khc nghit v c nhiu loi nhiu tc ng

H. 7

Hnh nh t cn

My tnh cng nghip (IPC) UNO-3072L l loi khng qut, nhng Windows 2000/XP v Linux cho php lm vic n nh vi nhit v rung sc. Cc thng s c bn gm: CPU Celeron M 1.5 GHz; 1 GB DDRAM; 2 rnh cm PCI m rng; cc cng ca truyn thng 2 x RS-232, 2 x RS-485, 2 x LAN, 4 x USB v 4 ca DI, 4 ca DO v 2 b m/nh thi 16 bit. 5.2 X l tn hiu cn

5. H thng x l cn ng
Phn x l tn hiu cn lun c xem l phn tri tim quan trng nht ca mt h thng cn v c bit l cn

H. 8

Qu trnh x l tn hiu khi lng

Trong qu trnh x l tn hiu theo H. 8 th 4 cng on u tin ta thc hin trong phn cng, c th l la chn

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Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

cc tham s ph hp (h s khuch i, dng tn hiu ra, lc thng thp v to ngng) ca b x l RM-4220. t b lc thng thp c tn s ct l 10 Hz lc b nhng tn hiu c tn s ln hn 10 Hz. Tip ta chn cc tham s ph hp cho b bin i ADC thng qua vic t cc tham s cho Card o PCI-1716L. Vic chn tc ly mu ca ADC ph thuc vo di tc chy tu, chiu di bn cn, chiu di gi chuyn v s lng mu o trong mt xung lc ca gi chuyn. Trong thit b ny ta chn vi xung lc ca gi chuyn hp nht tung ng vi tc tu 20 km/h (5.56 m/s) l 100 mu, iu ny phn nh trung thc dng tn hiu Anolog. Vi chiu di bn cn l 3.8 m, chiu di gi chuyn l 2m ta tnh ra chu k ly mu ca ADC l 10ms. Vi chu k ny th khi tu chy chm nht 3 km/h (0.83 m/s), xung lc s c khong 700 d liu. Cc cng on tip theo x l d liu ta thc hin bng phn mm, gm: Hiu chnh ln 1: Hiu chnh theo cc qu chun tnh Tch phn ly gi tr trung bnh ca xung lc b tr nhng dao ng trong qu trnh cn. Hiu chnh ln 2: V c nhiu thng s khng o c trong qu trnh cn nh trnh by trn, trong phn ny s hiu chnh cc xung lc theo cc cp tc v chng loi b gi chuyn thng qua c s d liu c tnh ton v hiu chnh theo cc gi tr thc t hin trng. Lu thut ton cn ng c trnh by trn H. 9

Bt u

c d liu - S u my + toa xe = n - Toa xe hin ti = 0 - Pht hin tu vo bn cn - o vn tc tc thi ca trc - Toa xe hin ti ++

Toa xe hin ti <=n 1 Nhn dng gi chuyn 1

Nhn dng gi chuyn 2

Cn ng gi chuyn 1

Cn ng gi chuyn 2

B vn tc Cho khi lng toa B dao ng Cho khi lng toa

In phiu 1 In phiu cn Kt thc

H. 9

Lu thut ton cn ng

Di y l mt s trang giao din vn hnh v phiu cn thc hin c ch cn ng v cn tnh vi u my l TY7 ko theo 4 chng loi toa xe khc nhau. Qua phiu cn ng cho thy tc cn trung bnh

khong 13 km/h . Cc gi tr khi lng o c ca cc toa xe khi cn tnh v cn ng l rt st nhau .

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tc gi hon ton lm ch cng ngh x l tn hiu ca cn tu ha ng . Nhng gii php tng th t phn c kh n gii php cp ngun, dp xung ngun, chng nhiu, chng st cho n cc thut ton nh lng v b tin tin to ra h thng x l tn hiu cn lm vic rt chnh xc, n nh v tin cy. Cc kt qu cn th nghim v kt qu o kim hiu chun cho thy chnh xc ca cn cao hn nhiu so vi mc cho php ca cn giao nhn thng mi.

Ti liu tham kho

H. 10 Trang giao din cn tnh

H. 11 Phiu cn tnh

[1] James, G. (2003), Analysis of traffic load effects on railway bridges, PhD thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm [2] Karoumi, R. Wiberg, J., Olofsson, P. (2004), Monitoring traffic loads and traffic load effects on the New Arstaberg Railway Bridge, Second international conference on structural engineering, mechanics and computation (Semc 2004), Cape Town, South Africa, 57 July 2004. [3] Datasheet of MultiRail, MultiBridge . SchenckProcess GmbH. [4] Quilligan, M. Karoumi, R., Obrien E. J. (2002), Development and testing of a 2-dimensional multivehicle Bridge-WIM algorithm, Proc. third international conference on weigh-in-motion, Orlando, USA, 13-15 May 2002. [5] K. Elis Norden (1998) Handbook of Electronic Weighing [6] DI Dr. techn. Andreas Schbel1, DI (FH) Roland Stadlbauer2, Manfred Pisek3, DI Thomas Maly. Wayside Dynamic Weighing and Flat Spot Detection at Austrian Railways [7] M. Niedzwiecki and A. Wasilewki New algorithms for the dynamic weighing of freight trains Control Eng.Practice, Vol.5 No.05, pp.603-618 [8] H s xut cung cp v lp t 01 trm cn ng trn b LTS4 (ca Trakblaze-c) trn ng st Cng ty CP than o Nai TKV.

Tc gi:
1. Nguyn Trung Dng tt nghip chuyn ngnh T ng ha i hc Bch khoa H Ni nm 1998, t ti nay l ging vin ti B mn iu khin hc, Khoa in in t, Trng i hc Giao thng Vn ti. 2. L Th Thy Nga tt nghip i hc ngnh T ng ha nm 2000 v Thc s k thut T ng ha nm 2005 ti Trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni. Hin l ging vin B mn iu khin hc - Trng i hc Giao thng vn ti

H. 12 Phiu cn ng

6. Kt lun
Trong khun kh cng trnh nghin cu ny, tc gi la chn gii php cu cn kiu platform vi nhiu phng php thit k v x l tn hiu tin tin cho php ch to cn vi chnh xc v tin cy cao ph hp vi h tng ng st v cc loi u my toa xe ti Vit Nam. Bng nhng nghin cu l thuyt bi bn v c nhng thc nghim kh y t PTN n hin trng, nhm

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