Ethylene Oxide

SVTH Lp GVHD

: V Vit Tun : KSTN-Ha Du-K53 : PGS-TS Nguyn Hng Lin

Ni Dung
Gii thiu chung v EO Cc phng php sn xut EO La chn cng ngh
Kt lun

Ti liu tham kho

Gii thiu chung v EO

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Cu to Tnh cht vt l Tnh cht ha hc ng dng Tnh hnh sn xut v s dng trn th gii An ton khi s dng

Lch s
- Ln u tng hp nm 1859 bi Wurtz - Sn xut cng nghip t 1914

Cu to

- Etylen oxit (EO) hay oxiran - C2H4O - Cu trc mch vng

Tnh cht vt l
- Cht kh khng mu, c mi, v ngt. - Cc tnh cht vt l cho bng

Tnh cht ha hc
- Hot ng mnh

a. Phn ng t phn hy: T phn hy khong 400oC to sn phm chnh CO, CH4 cng C2H6, C2H4, H2, C, CH3CHO. Vn tn cha, bo qun

Tnh cht ha hc
b. Phn ng vi hp cht cha Hydro linh ng

H2O, RCOOH, H2S, RSH, ROH, NH3, H2NH, HRNH, R2NH, H-CN

Tnh cht ha hc
c. Phn ng vi nc: To EG l hp cht c quan trng nht
(CH2CH2)O + H2O HOCH2CH2OH 2 (CH2CH2)O + H2O HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH 3 (CH2CH2)O + H2O HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH n (CH2CH2)O + H2O HO(CH2CH2O)nH

Xc tc H+ Ph thuc t l EO/H2O

Tnh cht ha hc
d. Phn ng to Ethylene Glycol Ether (EGE):
(CH2CH2)O + ROH HOCH2CH2OR (CH2CH2)O + HOCH2CH2OR HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OR (CH2CH2)O + HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OR HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OR

Tnh cht ha hc
e. Phn ng to Ethanolamine:
CH2CH2)O + NH3 HOCH2CH2NH2 2(CH2CH2)O + NH3 (HOCH2CH2)2NH 3(CH2CH2)O + NH3 (HOCH2CH2)3N

ng dng

Ch yu sn xut EG (75%)

ng dng
a. Monoethylene Glycol: S dng lm ha cht chng ng, sn xut PET, cht ti nhit

ng dng
b. Diethylene Glycol: S dng sn xut Polyurethanes, Polyesters, cht lm mm, cht lm do, s dng trong sy kh, dung mi c. Triethylene Glycol: S dng sn xut sn, lm dung mi, cht lm mm, cht gi m d. Poly Ethylene Glycol: S dng lm thuc m, du bi trn, dung mi (trong sn, thuc), s dng trong m phm

ng dng

e. Ethylene Glycol Ether: Sn xut cht hot ng b mt, thuc ty, dung mi, du phanh, dung mi loi SO2, H2S, CO2. Sn xut Alcohol Ethoxysulfates (AES) theo phn ng:
R(OC2H4)nOH + SO3 R(OC2H4)nOSO3H

ng dng
f. Ethanolamine: S dng trong cng nghip dt, m phm, x phng, thuc ty g. Sn phm qu trnh Ethoxyl ha: Sn phm phn ng ca EO vi ru bo, amin bo, alkyl phenol s dng lm cht hot ng b mt, cht phn tn, cht ty ra thn thin mi trng

Tnh hnh sn xut s dng

Tng sn lng - Nm 2007: 18 triu tn - Nm 2008: 19 triu tn Xp th 14 D on tng 3% trong giai on 2013-2018.

Tnh hnh sn xut s dng

Ch yu sn xut EG (75%) Th 2 l sn xut cht hot ng b mt (~11%)

An ton khi s dng

a. Chy n: D gy chy n, dung dch 4% trong nc c th chy. b. c hi Gy au u, nn ma, kh th. Tip xc lu c th gy nguy c v tim, t lit, hn m. c. Tn cha vn chuyn: - Thit b bng thp khng g. - Thit b cha phi bm vo N2.

Cc phng php sn xut

1. Qu trnh Etylen Clohydrin:
Cl2 + H2O ClOH + HCl

CH2=CH2 + ClOH CH2OH-CH2Cl

HO Cl

Ca(OH) 2

2 O

CaCl 2

2H2O

Cc phng php sn xut

2. Qu trnh oxy ha trc tip etylen: 2.1. Ha hc qu trnh 2.2. Xc tc 2.3. Nguyn liu 2.4. iu kin phn ng 2.5. Thit b phn ng 2.6. Sn phm ph 2.7. Cc cng ngh sn xut

Oxy ha trc tip etylen

2.1. Ha hc qu trnh:

- Ta nhit mnh

Oxy ha trc tip etylen

2.2. Xc tc: - Xc tc: Ag (7-20%) trn cht mang. - Cht mang: ng knh mao qun ln, b mt ring nh. Dng -Al2O3, SiO2 Al2O3 - Cht ph tr: hp cht kim loi kim, kim th (100-500mg/kg). - Cc hp cht ca Cl (EDC, VC) gim cc phn ng chy. chn lc n 90%.

Oxy ha trc tip etylen

2.3. Nguyn liu: a. Etylen: Hm lng C2H2, S, CO < 2 ppm. Etylen t steam cracking tha mn. b. O2: C th dng Oxy tinh khit hoc khng kh.

Oxy ha trc tip etylen

2.4. iu kin phn ng: - Nhit : 260-290oC - p sut: 1-3 Mpa - Thi gian phn ng: 1-4s - T l phn ng: ph thuc dng oxy hay khng kh Duy tr nng etylen < 3% th tch di gii hn n dng kh tr: N2, CH4.

Oxy ha trc tip etylen

2.5. Thit b phn ng: Phn ng pha kh xc tc rn. - Thit b ng chm: + ng knh 12-50mm + Chiu di 12m + Bng thp khng g - Tch nhit phn ng bng dng kerosen chy ngoi ng

Oxy ha trc tip etylen

2.6. Sn phm ph: Ch yu l CO2, ngoi ra cn EG, formaldehit, axetaldehit. 2.7. Cc qu trnh cng ngh: - S dng Oxy l tc nhn oxy ha: Chemische Werke-Huls, Japan Catalytic, Shell, SD 2, SNAM Progetti - S dng khng kh: Distillers, IG Farben, SD, UN

Cng ngh chung

K2CO3

???

Cng ngh Shell

o 250-270 C 1.2 MPa

Hiu sut 65% chn lc 90% 1 etylen 1.4 EO 40%, 60 nh my theo CN ny

Cng ngh Scientific Design

Tun hon 60%
200-315oC 0.85-1.2 Mpa 25-30% Chn lc 70%

75-80% 50%

Tng hiu sut 60-65% Mt mt Etylen

T l 8/1 T l kk/etylen = 7-8/1 2-3% Etylen

Cng ngh SD 2
tinh khit cao Hiu sut khng cao 50 nh my

Cng ngh Union Carbide

n gin Sn xut EG Xc tc c bit Tinh khit khng cao Chim 20%

Cng ngh kt hp EO/EG Scientific Design

- Kt hp sn xut c EO EG - Tng lng EO tn dng 99.7% - 1 tn Etylen thu 1.81 tn EG hoc 1.31 tn EO tinh khit - ng dng hn 100 nh my. - Nh my ln nht th gii cng sut 700.000 tn/nm

La chn cng ngh

1. Cng ngh Oxy ha bng Oxy v khng kh Mi qu trnh u c u nhc im Tng th dng Oxy kinh t hn

La chn cng ngh

Cng ngh Shell: Hiu sut cao:1 tn etylen 1.4 tn EO. Xc tc c chn lc cao. Cng ngh SD: Hiu sut thp hn Shell: 1 tn etylen 1.2 tn EO - tinh khit cao: aldehyt < 10 ppm.

La chn cng ngh

Cng ngh UC: Dy chuyn, thit b n gin, Vn u t t, xc tc c hiu cao Dy chuyn sn xut linh ng. Nhc im: EO khng tinh khit, thng s dng kt hp sn xut EG.

La chn cng ngh

Cng ngh kt hp EO/EG ca SD: - Tn dng ti a EO: thu hi 99.7% EO, 1 lng nh to cn glycol. - Tit kim nguyn liu - Dy chuyn sn xut linh ng: c th thu EO tinh khit hoc EG vi hiu sut cao. - Nhc im: kh phc tp, u t ban u ln.

Nh my EO/EG Arab Saudi

Ti liu tham kho

1. Cng ngh tng hp hu c ha du Phm Thanh Huyn, Nguyn Hng Lin NXB khoa hc v k thut. 2. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 3. Petrochemical Processes A.Chauvel, G.Lefebvre. 4. Hydrocarbon Processing Petrochemical Processes 2005 handbook. 5. http://www.scidesign.com/ 6. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/ 7. http://www.ihs.com