KHOA CNG NGH NHIT LNH

TI: Tm hiu Bc t du DO 2 cp ( 2 bc phun khng c hi lu ti bc phun)

GVHD : T.S Nguyn Thanh Ho Lp : DHNL4

SVTH : Nhm 6 Nguyn Thnh Tng 08113991 Hong kim Vinh 08101821 V c Linh 08108651
Tp.HCM, thng 05 nm 2012

Li Ni u
Trong nhng nm gn y, cng vi s pht trin kinh t ca c nc ngnh cng ngh l hi c nhng bc pht trin vt bc v ngy cng tr nn quan trng trong i sng v sn xut ca con ngi. Ngnh cng ngh l hi trong nhng nm qua h tr c lc cho nhiu ngnh kinh t khc, gp phn nng cao cht lng sn phm m bo quy trnh cng ngh nh trong cc ngnh luyn kim, nng sn, ch bin thuc l, ngnh dt si, cng ngh nh v cc ngnh dn dng khc Hin nay, c hng triu chic l hi ra i vi hng trm kiu dng v quy m khc nhau. C nhng l hi nh, mi gi ch sn xut c my chc lt nc nng hoc hi bo ha p sut bnh thng nhng cng c nhng l hi vi cng sut cc ln, mi gi sn xut hng trm tn hi p sut cao v nhit cao cho cc t my pht in n 1200- 1300MW. R rng vic sn xut v s dng nhit ca hi nc gp phn quan trng trong cuc cch mng khoa hc k thut, pht trin ca x hi v nng cao i sng. p ng nhu cu , vic thit k l hi l cc k quan trng. N nh hng n hiu sut lm vic cng nh m bo an ton cho ngi s dng v gim thiu nhng thit hi ng k. Do vy chng ta cn tm hiu k hn v cc thit b, b phn trong l nhm a ra nhng gii php ti u nng cao hiu sut lm vic ca chng. Trong qu trnh hc tp, tm kim v thit b cng ngh l hi do thi gian c hn nn khng trnh khi nhng sai st, nhm chng em mong thy m nhim b mn l hi b sung v ng gp kin ti tiu lun chng em c hon chnh hn. Nhm chng em xin chn thnh bit n!

Nhm thc hin

Nhm 6, lp DHNL4

Chng 1:

TM HIU V CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG CA BC T DU DO 2 CP KHNG HI LU TI BC PHUN

1.1 Cu to bc phun du:

Bc phun du phi tha mn nhng iu kin sau: - C th phun du thnh ht bi nh vi lng gi t nht. - D ng ha trn hn hp du vi khng kh. -m bo nhit bung la cao. - Cu to n gin,d ch to, d bo tr sa cha. S cp nhin liu ca bc phun du 2 cp khng hi lu ti bec phun.

1,3 ng ng cp nhin liu 2,4 ng ng du hi S H thng bm nhin liu, km theo thit b lc nhin liu v van iu chnh p sut phun sng nhin liu PR1 U Bc phun sng nhin liu PR1 v PR2 Van iu chnh p sut phun nhin liu hai cp VR1(NO) Van in t hi du thng m VR3(NC) Van in t hi du thng ng MT Ca ly gi iu chnh bng thy lc 1.2 Nguyn l hot ng ca u t du DO 2 cp ( h thng cp nhin liu c bn 2 bc phun khng c hi lu ti bec phun) Ty ph ti nhit ca bung t m h thng c th t bng mt bc theo phun hay hai bc phun Nhin liu c ht vo h thng bm qua thit b lc, sau bm c lp mt van in t ba ng v mt van in t hai ng thng m. Khi cha cp ngun cho van in t 3 ng v van in t hai ng th th nhin liu sau khi qua bm s theo ng hi ca van tr v li bn cha. Khi cp ngun cho van th van in t 3 ng m ra cp nhin liu vo bung t v van in t 2 ng ca ng hi du ng li. Lu lng nhin liu c iu chnh da vo p lc ca bm, do phm vi iu chnh b gii hn nhng kt cu bec phun v h thng phun tng i n gin.

Trng hp t bng 2 bc phun th bc phun pha trn(bc phun 1)s c nh la trc, sau mt khong thi gian nht nh c ci t bi thit b hn gi (timer) van in t bc phun pha di ( bc phun 2) b tc ng, nhin liu s c cp vo bc phun 2 tin hnh qu trnh phun nhin liu vo bung t cng vi bc phun 1. qu trnh chy c trit , tng hiu sut v trnh m hng bm vo vch trong l, cn phi ha trn lng hi nhin liu v khng kh ng u ti mi v tr trong bung la. Khng kh c a n v tr gn nht vi khu vc chy ma khng gim nhit ca mi trng xung quanh khu vc chy. Thit b t tn sng nhin liu bng kh nn hoc hi p lc cao. Thit b t ny s dng hi nc hoc kh nn p lc cao tn sng nhin liu sau khi ra khi bec phun, v nhin liu chu tr lc ma st cu khng kh nn b tch thnh nhng ht nh . Trong kiu tn sng bng hi nc thun ty th p lc ca h thng cp du khng cao v ch p dng cho cc l hi c cng sut trung bnh. Thit b phun hn hp hi nc v c kh thng c dng cho cc l hi s dng trong nh my nhit in . p sut du khong 0,5 1 Mpa, do tc dng ca dng hi nc v dng nhin liu m du c phun thnh cc ht sng, v vy p sut ca du yu cu thp hn loi thit b phun bng c kh. to dng phun ri xon nhin liu th bc phun c gia cng gm 3 chi tit chnh: a phun sng, a to xoy v ng phn phi. Nhin liu c y vo ng phn phi sau khi qua b lc, ri i qua a xoy gm nhiu rnh hng theo phng tip tuyn, sau i qua u phun sng to thnh dng phun ri xon vo bung t. to dng phun ri xoy nhin liu th trong bec phun ny hi nc hoc khng kh c dn i theo phng tip tuyn qua rnh xon vo bung xoy. Khi lng du phun sng ln th s dng a phun sng, cn khi lng du phun sng nh th dng ming phun sng bng hi nc hoc kh nn. Nh vy c th m rng phm vi ca bec phun. u im : Hiu sut nhit cao. - C th t c nhiu loi nhin liu khc nhau - C cng sut ln - C kh nng t ng ha cao

 Nhc im: - Phi c b hm du i vi du nng - Khng s dng c vi l hi c cng sut ln v gi thnh cao. 1.3 VI PHUN (bc du). 1.3.1 Cu to v nguyn l hot ng

Vi phun kn

Ch thch: 1. l phun; 2. mt cnp ta ca kim; 3 v 19.kim phun; 4. cu trng; 5 v 16. ng dn nhin liu; 6. a y; 7. a l xo; 8. l xo ; 9. cc; 10. vt iu chnh; 11. bulng; 12. b ni vi ng dn nhin liu 13. chp ; 14. lc li; 15. thn vi phun; 17.thn kim phun Kt cu chung ca mt vi phun nhin liu gm ba phn chnh: Thn : trn thn kim c ng du dn n, ng dn v v vt x gi. Trong thn c l xo, cy y, pha trn c ai c chn hiu chnh sc cng ca l xo, trn cng l chp y ai c hiu chnh. u (t kim):c ni lin vi thn kim bng mt khu ni (cu trng) bn trong c ng du cao p, khoang cha du cao p v cha van kim. Phn di u VP c mt hay nhiu l phun du rt b.

 Khu ni: dng ni thn v u VP. Vi phun c lp vo np quy lt nh gujon v mt bch . Phn loi vi phun : Cn c vo van kim v t kim, ngi ta phn ra hai loi vi phun: vi phun kn v vi phun h. - Vi phun kn. Vi phun kn chia thnh: vi phun kn tiu chun, vi phun kn c cht trn mi kim v vi phun kn dng van. Hin nay, hu ht cc ng c Diesel u dng Vi phun kn. + Vi phun kn tiu chun :gm hai chi tit chnh xc l xi lanh kim phun 17 v kim phun 33, khe h trong phn dn hng ca hai chi tit ny khong 2 3 m. Mt cn ta 2 ca kim t ln van trong thn kim phun v ng kn ng thng ti cc l phun. Cc l phun cn ng knh 0,34mm phn b u quanh chu vi u vi phun. ng tm cc l phun v ng tm u vi phun to thnh gc 75 . cu trng 4 dng bt cht u vi phun ln thn. 1.3.2 Nguyn l lm vic : * Nhin liu cao p c bm cao p a qua li lc 14, qua cc ng 16 trong thn kim phun ti khng gian bn trn mt cn ta ca van kim. Lc do p sut nhin liu cao p to ra tc dng ln din tch hnh vnh khn ca van kim chng li lc p ca l xo. Khi lc ca p sut nhin liu ln hn lc p ca l xo th van kim b y bt ln m ng thng cho nhin liu ti l phun. p sut nhin liu lm cho van kim bt u bt m c gi l p sut bt u phun nhin liu . * Mun gim bt nhin liu r r qua khe h phn dn hng ca kim phun, i khi trn kim phun cn cn rnh hnh vnh khn. Hnh trnh nng kim phun c xc nh bi khe h gia mt trn ca kim vi mt phng di ca thn vi phun. Khe h ny thng vo khong 0,3 0,5mm. iu kin lm vic - Lm vic trong mi trng p sut du lnn, c lc va p ( gia b v kim phun). - Lm vic trong mi trng nhit cao

1.3.4 Mt s loi vi phun kn:

Vi phun kn loi van.

Vi phun c cht trn kim phun

Vi phun ca hng Cummins

Vi phun kiu thy lc.

1.3.5 Hao mn v h hng ca vi phun - Do ma st khi chuyn ng v khi nhin liu khng sch, mt dn hng b mn, v va p c chu k v v nhin liu phun qua vi tc ln, phn b mt kn st, ni kim v b tip xc nhau, b dp nt, trc r nn van y khng kn v gy ra s r r nhin liu ming phun . Ti y nhin liu chy km, to mui than, lm nng u phun v thng lm tc l phun.

- Nu nhin liu c nhiu cn cn hoc ln nc, kim phun kh chuyn ng ,ca kimlm chy xm b mt kim hoc lun trng thi ng nn khng phun nhin liu c, hoc lun m lm nhin liu b r r. 1.3.6 Thao tc kim tra Sau khi xc nh VP h hng ( hoc cn kim tra) lp vi phun ln bn th v thc hin cc phun bc sau: 1, X gi: - Kho van dn du ln ng h p lc. - n mnh cn bm tay vi ln x gi n khi no thy nhin liu phun 2, Kim tra v iu chnh p lc phun: - M van cho u ln ng h p lc khong na vng -n mnh cn tay bm cho ng h p lc tng ln n khi no VP phun. - So snh p lc trn ng h vi gi tr cho ca nh ch to.(115-120 kg/cm2 i vi vi phun kim cht v 175kg/cm2 vi vi phun kn nhiu l). - Nu p lc thp hn gi tr quy nh ta vn c hiu chnh hoc thm tm m .Nu p lc cao hn th lm ngc li. 3. Kim tra r r du vi phun: - n cn bm tay cho p lc ln khong 4-5 kg/cm2 di p lc quy nh. Vi p lc ny du khng c ra khi vi phun. - Nu c r r l do mi kim (ch cn nh) v b trn chua kn . Nu r ra khu ni l do sit cha ng lc, mt tip xc khng tt th ta phi tho kim ra xoy li bng ct r v du nhn. 4, Kim tra phun rt: Kho van du ln ng h.Dng giy mm lu kh sch du VP, n mnh cn bm tay cho du phun ra nu thy kh u kim l tt , nu t th VP phun rt. Nguyn nhn c th l do d bn hay try st cn thao ra, r thn kim du bi trn. 5, Kim tra cht lng phun: - Vn kha van du ln ng h p lc - n mnh cn bm tay.

- Quan st tnh trng phun du phi tht ti sng, ng gc nn chm tia. - Dng ming giy di u VP khong 3cm,xem s l tia c khng . Nu nght th dng cy xoi thng, cn thn trnh cy xoi gy trong l.

Kim tra vi phun nhin liu 6, Kim tra s mn ca kim v b: - M van cho du ln ng h p lc - n cn bm tay cho p lc gn bng p lc phun.Gi cn bm v quan st s st p trn ng h, nu s st p khng qu 15kG/cm2 trong vng 15 giy th VP cn tt Ch : khng dng vi lau, ch dng du gasoil ty, ra sch cc chi tit. Dng c ,bn kp,tay ca ngi thao tc phi tht sch. 1.3.7 Sa cha vi phun: V y l mt trong nhng cp chi tit i hi tnh chnh xc rt cao nn thng thng khi b mn hoc h hng th ta thay b i kim-b phun. Trong trng hp thiu ph tng thay th th ta c th khi phc bng cch r

Chng 2:

GII THIU MT S LOI BC T DU DO 2 CP(2BEC PHUN KHNG C HI LU TI BC PHUN) CA HNG RIELLO

2.1 Loi PRESS G Bc t PRESS G c cng sut 107 1660 kW. Chng c thit k s dung lp t vi kch thc trung bnh ph hp vi cng nghip cng nh dn dng v cc d n ln nh.i vi bc t 2 cp, u t, c th thit k theo cng sut yu cu , cho php hiu sut t ti u m bo qu trnh t chy tt v gim tiu th nhin liu. 2.1.1 Phn loi STT 1 2 3 4 5 Model PRESS GW PRESS 1G PRESS 2G PRESS 3G PRESS 4G Cng sut 107/178 356 kW 130/190 534 kW 214/356 712 kW 273/534 1168 kW 415/830 1660 kW

Hnh 2.1 Bc t loi PRESS G 2.1.2 Cung cp nhin liu cho bc t.

- Bc t c thit lp vi 2 van y du. Mt thit b iu chnh,da trn cng sut yu cu u ra theo nguyn tc van y m cho php lng du i qua van v bc phun. van y cp 2 m cung cp lng nhin liu vi kh chy nhin liu cp 2. Tt c bc t u c gn vi bm t ng , b lc v b iu p.

Hnh 2.2 S nguyn l bc t loi PRESS GW- 4G P: bm, phin lc v van iu chnh p VF1 van cp bc phun 1 VF2 van cp bc phun 2 AD ca ly gi U1,U2 u phun 1,2 VC van iu chnh cho bc phun 2 2.1.3 Ch cp kh Chu trnh cp kh ca bc t PRESS G c thit k nh gn v cu trc v c cung cp bi qut ly tm t pha trc. N m bo ct p mc cao ti v tr yu cu v cho php ci t khng gii hn.

Hnh 2.3 H thng cp kh iu chnh bng thy lc ca bc t 2.1.4 u t - Bc t loi PRESS G c sn b dng c c bit gia tng chiu di u t. - S la chn ca vic s dng n ph thuc vo b dy tm bng v cc kiu l hi. - N ph thuc vo kiu my pht, kim tra ngu ca u t vo bung la mt cch chnh xc. V tr ban u ca u t c th d dng iu chnh vi v tr xa nht bn ngoi bi s thay i ca vt chu.

Hnh 2.4 u t ca bc t loi PRESS G

2.1.5 Kch thc v chiu di ca ngn la.

Hnh 2.5 th biu din mi quan h gia cng sut nhit u ra vi kch thc v chiu di ngn la. Da vo cng sut u ra ca bc ta c th xc nh c kch thc v chiu di ngn la da vo nhng ng c tnh th trn. 2.2 Loi RL 2.2.1 Phn loi STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Model RL 28 RL 38 RL 50 RL 70 RL 100 RL 130 RL 190 Cng sut 95/166 332 kW 118/237 450 kW 148/296 593 kW 255/474 830 kW 356/711 1186 kW 486/948 1540 kW 759/1423 2443 kW

Cc loi bc t RL ca hng Riello c cng sut t 95 n 2443 kW, v chng c thit k s dng trong ni hi nc nng hoc qu nhit, my sinh hi hoc hi nc, thu nhit du l hi.

Qu trnh hot ng c hai giai on, bc t c kt ni vi mt thit b in t PANEL STATUS, thit b ny c nhim v iu khin: b m thi gian, b nh la v xc nh cc li khi c s c. Bc t loi RL c thit k nh gn, s dng v bo tr n gin. Cung ng nhiu ph kin m bo tnh linh hot lm vic. Bng thng s k thut bc t loi RL ca hng Riello

iu kin tham chiu: (Ti nhit : 200 C, p sut: 1013.5mbar, n o c khong cch 1m)

2.2.2 H s bt chy ng vi tng loi bc t.

Hnh 2.6 th 2.2.3 Nhin liu cung cp Bc t c kt ni vi 3 van (trong c 1 van an ton v 2 van y) Thit b iu khin hot ng theo tn hiu ng ra, t iu chnh lu lng du ra khi van y sao cho ph hp, v cho php du c th i thng qua cc rnh trn van v u phun mt cch d dng. Khi van y m, n d dng cung ng nhin liu cho 2 xy lanh thy lc - y l thit b c kt ni vi van cp khng kh dng t chy khng kh.

Hnh2.7 Hydraulic ram ca bc t loi RL H thng bm gm mt bm nhin liu nh, mt thit b lc du v van iu tit p sut.

Hnh 2.8 S nguyn l hot ng ca cc bc t loi RL 28- 190

Gii thch k hiu hnh v: P VF VF1 VF2 VC MT AD U1 U2 Bm, b lc, c cu chnh p u ra Van an ton Van inh t iu chnh u phun 1 Van in t iu chnh u phun 2 Thit b iu khin 2 van in t Xy lanh thy lc Van chnh gi u phun 1 u phun 2

2.2.4 Kch thc ca ng cp nhin liu Vic la chn kch thc ng kch ng ph thuc vo cao v khong cch gia bc t v bnh cha nhin liu. Bng 2.1 Kch thc ca ng cp nhin liu

H P V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Chnh lch gia bm v van chn ng ht ng ng knh trong ca ng Chiu cao 10m Chiu cao 4m Bc t Bm bc t Thit b lc Van tay ng ht Van chn ng ht ng Thit b iu khin van cp t xa Van in t ng ng hi Van chn

2.2.5 Ca cp kh

Hnh 2.9 Ca iu chnh gi.

2.2.6 u t. - S khc nhau v kch thc ca u t c th c la chn ty vo tng loi bc t. - S la chn ph thuc vo chiu dy ca tm bng iu khin v tng loi l hi. - Ph thuc vo kiu nh la v s an khp gia u t vi bung la phi chnh xc. - V tr ban u ca u t c th d dng thay i bng cch iu chnh c vt c nh vi mt bch ti khp ni. + Mch in iu khin.

Hnh 2.10 C cu in kt ni bc t.

Hnh 2.11 Mch in 1 pha kt ni vi bc t RL 28-38

2.2.7 Cc thit b trong Bc t. H thng ng ng cp kh c bc vt liu cch m. Van iu chnh lu lng kh c iu chnh bi xy lanh thy lc. M t c khi ng hiu in th 400V, dng 3 pha, 2800 vng/pht. u t hot ng da trn tnh hiu u ra. u t ch to t vt liu khng g, hnh cn, chng li s n mn v chu nhit cao. Mi la bng tia in. Ngn la n nh Bm cp nhin liu vi p sut cao c kt ni vi. B lc. B iu p. Kt ni vi ng h p sut v chn khng k. ng ng. H thng van: van an ton, van y, van in t, van chn Thit b quang in cm bin ngn la. Bng iu khin qu trnh t chy. Thit b iu khin h thng in STATUS PANEL v LED PANEL Cng tc bt/ tt bc t. Ca quan st ngn la. cng tc iu khin bng tay 2 u phun. Thanh trt d dng lp t v bo dng. Thit b bo v b lc chng li s nhim bc x. IP44 thit b bo v h thng in.

Thit b tiu chun. 2 ng mm kt ni cp du cho h thng. 2 m kh gn vi ng mm. 2 ng ni dng kt ni vo bm. 4 bulong kt ni bc t vi l hi. 1 mn nhit. 1 cu ch bo v thit b in. 2 thanh trt c th thay i chiu di.

Hnh 2.12 Mch in 3 pha kt ni vi bc t RL 38-50

Hnh 2.13 Mch in 3 pha kt ni bc t RL 70-100-130-190 Bng 2.2 Tit din ca dy kt ni v dng bo v tng ng vi tng bc t

+ Kch thc v bc t

Hnh 2.13 Kch thc tiu chun ca bc t

2.2.8 M t qu trnh lp t. Qu trnh lp t cc thit b trong bc t kh n gin, trnh t lp t nh sau: Tt c cc loi bc t u c thanh sng trt, iu to nhng thun li trong vic lp t v bo dng my. Khoan l trn l hi ti nhng v tr nh sn, gn cc m kh ti cc v tr va khoan, lp cc ng kt ni t bc t n l hi. Kt ni u t. Lp v o bn ngoi ca bc t Lp t u phun. Kim tra v tr cc tip im in. Cui cng kt ni cc thit b in theo s mch in trong s tay nh thit k cung cp.

+ Cc thit b ph trong bc t.

u phun.

Hnh ? u ni u t.

m kn.

H thng loi b kh