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Hunh Vn Kha 3/10/2010
Gi i thi u bi ton m
Bi n ng u nhin X nh n cc gi tr x1, x2, , xM v i xc su t tng ng p1, p2, ., pM Dy h u h n cc gi tr c a X g i l m u tin (message) T p h p {a1, a2, , aD} g i l t p cc k t m (code character) M i xi tng ng v i m t dy h u h n cc k t m g i l t m (character word) T p cc t m g i l b m (code)
3/10/2010
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Hunh Vn Kha 3/10/2010
Gi i thi u bi ton m
Gi s cc t m l khc nhau M u tin do bi n X sinh ra c m ha thnh m t dy cc t m M c tiu c a bi ton l c c ti u ha chi u di trung bnh c a m Chi u di c a t m ng v i xi l ni, i = 1, 2, , M. M c tiu l c c ti u ha:
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Hunh Vn Kha 3/10/2010
M ti n t v m gi i c
Xt b m nh phn x1 x2 x3 x4 0 010 01 10
3/10/2010
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Hunh Vn Kha 3/10/2010
M ti n t v m gi i c
B m g i l gi i c n u m i dy h u h n cc t m u tng ng v i nhi u nh t m t m u tin Dy A g i l ti n t c a dy B n u dy B c th c vi t d i d ng AC, v i C l m t dy no B m ti n t l b m c tnh ch t: khng t m no l ti n t c a t m khc B m ti n t l gi i c, nhng b m gi i c cha ch c l b m ti n t B m ti n t c th c gi i m t ng b c
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Hunh Vn Kha 3/10/2010
M ti n t v m gi i c
B m sau l b m ti n t x1 x2 x3 x4 0 100 101 11
3/10/2010
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Hunh Vn Kha 3/10/2010
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Hunh Vn Kha 3/10/2010
3/10/2010
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Hunh Vn Kha 3/10/2010
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Hunh Vn Kha 3/10/2010
Tm dy m khng gi i c
Dy cc k t m c th i di n cho 2 m u tin c g i l dy m khng gi i c Ta s khng ch ng minh nh l 2.1 nhng s ch ra cch tm dy m khng gi i c Gi s Sn ch a t m W. Ti n hnh ng c l i, ta tm c dy: A0, W0, A1, W1, , An, Wn
3/10/2010
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Hunh Vn Kha 3/10/2010
Tm dy m khng gi i c
A0, W0, W1, , Wn l cc t m, Ai Si (i = 1, 2, , n), W0 = A0A1, An = Wn V i m i i = 1, 2, , n-1 th ho c Ai = WiAi+1 ho c Wi = AiAi+1 V d trn, ta c:
A5 = ad S5 W5 = ad A2 = cde S2 W2 = c A4 = b S4 W4 = bad A1 = bb S1 W1 = bbcde A3 = de S3 W3= deb A0 = a W0 = abb
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Hunh Vn Kha 3/10/2010
Tm dy m khng gi i c
Ta xy d ng hai dy, m t dy b t u v i A0W1, dy kia b t u v i W0 N u Ai = WiAi+1, thm Wi+1 vo cu i dy ch a Wi N u Wi = AiAi+1, thm Wi+1 vo cu i dy khng ch a Wi Ti p t c nh v y n Wn Ng i ta ch ng minh c r ng hai dy t o thnh nh trn l m t, v chnh l dy m khng gi i c c n tm
3/10/2010
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Hunh Vn Kha 3/10/2010
Tm dy m khng gi i c
A0W1 = abbcde W0 = abb W1 = A1A2 thm W2 vo W0 A0W1 = abbcde W0W2 = abbc A2 = W2A3 thm W3 vo W0W2 A0W1 = abbcde W0W2W3 = abbcdeb W3 = A3A4 thm W4 vo A0W1 A0W1W4 = abbcdebad W0W2W3 = abbcdeb W4 = A4A5 thm W5 vo W0W2W3 A0W1W4 = abbcdebad W0W2W3W5 = abbcdebad
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Hunh Vn Kha 3/10/2010
Ch : Ta thm cc Wi vo cc dy ng n hn x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 abc abcd e dba bace ceac ceab eabd 010 0001 0110 1100 00011 00110 11110 101011