Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

Nghin cu v thit k giao thc truyn thng CAN ng dng trong h thng xp hng t ng Research and design CAN protocol in queue management system
PGS.TS on Quang Vinh Khoa in, Trng HBK i Hc Nng e-Mail: dqvinh@dut.udn.vn Trn Thi Anh u Khoa in, Trng HBK i Hc Nng e-Mail: tranthaianhau2001@yahoo.com Tm tt
Giao thc CAN ngy cng c s dng rng ri trong nhiu ng dng cng nghip, dn sinh. Mt trong nhng h thng phc v dn sinh i hi yu cu cht lng cao v truyn d liu l h thng xp hng t ng. Bi bo cp n vic s dng giao thc CAN trong thit k mt gii php truyn thng cho h thng xp hng t ng. CAN c s dng trong ngnh cng nghip sn xut t, gip h thng in trn t n nh, an ton v tit kim nng lng hn, ng thi gip gim phc tp trong vic kt ni cc dy dn gia hng ngn thit b trn t. u im ni bt ca giao thc CAN l tnh n nh v an ton. Vic s dng c ch pht hin v x l li cc mnh, t l li trong gi tin truyn CAN l rt thp. Chnh nh nhng u im ni tri nh vy, ngy nay, CAN c s dng trong rt nhiu ngnh cng nghip khc. Ngy nay, CAN c chun ha thnh tiu chun ISO11898. Hu nh mi nh sn xut chip ln nh: Intel, Motorola, Maxim IC, Fairchild, Microchip, Philips, Texas Instrument, ... u c sn xut ra chip CAN, hoc c tch hp m un CAN vo vi iu khin. Trong , hng Microchip h tr rt mnh giao thc CAN. Rt nhiu dng vi iu khin ca hng tch hp m un CAN, gip cho vic pht trin cc ng dng da trn CAN tr nn n gin, nhanh v chi ph thp. Gii php a ra y l s dng cc b iu khin CAN gm vi iu khin PIC 18F4580 tch hp modun CAN v chip chuyn i tn hiu CAN MCP2551 ca Microchip. Trong ni dung bi bo, nhm tc gi tp trung xy dng giao thc CAN trong truyn thng ca h thng xp hng t ng. Vic thit k chc nng h thng xp hng t ng nh: phng php phn phi d liu, cc chc nng hin th, bm s, iu khin my in t vi iu khin v.v... l mt vn khc khng cp y. 2.2. Cc yu cu cht lng ca mt h thng xp hng t ng H thng xp hng t ng cn m bo cc yu cu c bn nh sau: Truyn thng a ch (Multi- Master): Trong hot ng ca h thng, nhiu thi im, nhn vin ti nhiu bn c th gi s cng mt lc, hoc ti thi im gi c ngi bm s ly phiu. Nh vy, mi nt mng trong mng truyn thng c quyn truyn d liu bt c thi im no. c im ny s khng c c khi ta s dng cc giao thc truyn theo kiu ch- t (master-slaver) Xc xut li phi thp: Mi yu cu gi s ca nhn vin ti cc bn hoc vic ly phiu ca khch hng

Abstract
CAN protocol has been more and more widely used in many industrial and civil applications. Queue management system requires good quality in data communication. This article refers to the use of CAN protocol to design a data communication solution of Querry management system.

1. Gii thiu
H thng xp hng t ng hay cn gi l h thng ly phiu t ng, hin ang c ng dng rng ri ti cc phng v, nh ga, sn bay, bnh vin, ngn hng, cc h thng mt ca ca cc s, ban, ngnh. Hin nay, phng php truyn d liu gia cc b iu khin my in, cc b iu khin ti cc bn v b iu khin trung tm thng dng 2 giao thc: giao thc t nh ngha da trn RS 485 hoc Ethernet. Gii php s dng giao thc t nh ngha trn chun RS 485 c u im l n gin v gi thnh thp. Tuy nhin, nhc im ln nht ca n l n nh khng cao, c bit khi c nhiu thao tc trong h thng cng lc. Gii php s dng giao thc Ethernet c u im l n nh cao. Tuy nhin, nhc im l chi ph cao, do mun truyn ethernet phi thay cc b iu khin ca cc bn bng cc my tnh. Vi thc trng , bi bo xut mt gii php truyn thng s dng giao thc CAN cho h thng xp hng t ng, va c gi thnh thp, va m bo n nh ca h thng.

2. ng dng giao thc CAN trong h thng xp hng t ng

2.1. Gii thiu v giao thc CAN CAN- Controller Area Network l mt giao thc ni tip, c tnh thi gian thc, n nh v kh nng chng nhiu cao. CAN c pht trin bi nh sn xut ROBERT BOSH vo nhng nm 1980. Ban u,

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phi c truyn v my tnh. Nu c bt k mt yu cu no b b qua s gy ri lon h thng. Kh nng m rng cao: Do h thng phc v dn sinh, theo nm thng, s lng khch hng s ln ln. V vy, nhu cu m rng l tnh tt yu i vi h thng xp hng t ng. H thng phi c xy dng m bo tnh m rng cao nht c th. 2.3. Cc u im ca giao thc CAN 2.3.1. Truyn thng a ch (multi-master) Khc vi cc giao thc truyn thng hng a ch, Giao thc CAN hot ng theo c ch hng theo nh danh gi tin. Khi mt gi tin c truyn i t mt nt mng no , tc c cc nt mng cn li u nhn c. Sau , mi nt mng s quyt nh c x l gi tin hay khng. Tnh nng ny rt hu ch cho h thng xp hng t ng. Trong , thng tin ci t tham s t my tnh c th truyn c n ton b cc b iu khin bn, iu khin ly phiu. Giao thc CAN cho php truy cp ng truyn ng thi t nhiu nt mng. Bt k mt nt mng no cng c th truyn d liu i ti mi thi im. Tnh nng ny l thit yu i vi h thng xp hng t ng. , nhiu thi im, cc nhn vin nhiu bn c th bm gi s cng lc. Mi gi tin truyn bt u bng bt SOF (start of frame- bt u truyn) v theo sau l 11 bt nh danh (Identifier). Qu trnh phn x bt u: Quan st hnh H.2 ta thy: Khi truyn bt 5, nt mng 2 truyn i bt ln (bt 1), trong khi nt mng 1 v 3 truyn bt tri (bt 0), bt tri t bt ln nn tn hiu ng truyn l tri. Nt mng 2 c tn hiu ng truyn thy khng trng vi bt truyn i nn dng, gi tn hiu ln v i vo ch nghe.

H. 2

Phn x xung t ng truyn

H. 1

Truyn thng a ch ca giao thc CAN

2.3.2. m bo an ton d liu trong phn x xung t ng truyn Nu ti mt thi im, c ng thi nhiu nt mng cng bt u truyn d liu, vic phn gii ng truyn s c thc hin theo cc c ch sau: Bt tri (dominant) t bt ln (recessive) Truyn lng nghe- quyt nh tip tc truyn Trong c ch ny, cc bt truyn i mang tnh tri (bt logic 0) hoc mang tnh ln (bt logic 1). Khi bt tri v bt ln cng xut hin trn ng truyn, bt tri s t bt ln v ng truyn mang tn hiu tri. Mi nt mng (node) s truyn tng bt ca chui bit nh danh (Identifier), sau khi mi bt c truyn, c tn hiu ng truyn v so snh: nu khng bng nhau s i vo ch lng nghe (listening only). Gi s ti 1 thi im, khi lng nghe thy ng truyn ri, c 3 nt mng cng bt u truyn d liu.

Khi truyn bt 2, nt mng 1 truyn i bt tri (bt 1), nt mng 3 truyn i bt tri (bt 0), ng truyn mc tri, nt mng 1 c ng truyn v quyt nh dng truyn, gi tn hiu ln v i vo ch nghe. Sau khi nt mng 3 truyn xong gi tin, ng truyn ri, cc nt mng 2 v 1 s truyn li gi tin. C ch phn x ng truyn nh trn, m bo tnh u tin ca gi tin c gi i (gi tin c trng phn x b nht), m bo ton b cc nt mng c th gi d liu ng thi m khng s mt d liu. Khc vi mt s giao thc khc, khi c xung t, mt trong hai gi tin s b mt. y cng l tnh nng thit yu ca mt h thng xp hng t ng khi cc b iu khin bn ng thi truyn d liu v b iu khin trung tm. 2.3.3. Qun l li CAN s dng rt nhiu c ch qun l li : Li bit (Bit Error) Li nhi bt (Stuff Error) Li CRC (CRC Error) Li Form truyn (Form Error) Li xc nhn (Acknowledgement Error) Do , vic m bo cht lng truyn tin s c y ln mc cao nht. Xc sut 1 mt gi tin ca CAN b li m khng pht hin c l rt nh. Theo cc ti liu tham kho: Gi s c 0.7s th mi trng tc ng ln ng truyn CAN lm li 1 bit. V gi s tc truyn l 500kbits/s. Hot ng 8h/ngy v 365ngy/ nm. Th trong vng 1000 nm mi c mt frame b li m khng pht hin. 2.4. Xy dng h thng xp hng t ng dng giao thc CAN 2.4.1. M hnh h thng H thng gm: 1 b iu khin my in phiu (PRINTER CONTROLLER) cng bn phm

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(KEYBOARD), 8 b iu khin ti cc bn nhn vin (TABLE CONTROLLER) vi bn phm v led hin th (LED DISPLAY), b iu khin trung tm (CENTRAL CONTROLLER) lm cu ni giao tip gia h thng v my tnh qun l (PC); my tnh qun l d liu v gi s th t vo bn lm vic. Ton b cc b iu khin ni vi nhau qua mng CAN. Mt vi iu khin PIC18F458 tch hp m un CAN v b chuyn i tn hiu MCP2551 lm nhim v truyn thng theo giao thc CAN (vi iu khin cn lm nhim v khc nh qun l phm bm, hin th s th t, iu khin in phiu). Nguyn l hot ng ca h thng nh sau:

H. 3

M hnh h thng

Mc nh, khi bt ngun, ton b h thng trong trng thi cha hot ng, ch tn hiu cho php t my tnh iu khin (m bo cho h thng hot ng ng b). Bm nt RUN trn giao din iu khin, my tnh truyn tn hiu cho php h thng (SYSTEM ENABLE) cho b iu khin trung tm. B iu khin trung tm gi tin nhn broadcast n ton b cc nt mng trong mng, cc nt mng nhn tn hiu bt u hot ng. Bn phm ca my in gm nhiu phm chc nng giao dch ca khch hng, mi chc nng tng ng vi 1 bn chc nng. V d: bm phm 3, khch hng s c bn 3 gi sau . Khch hng bm phm chc nng, b iu khin my in ra lnh my in xut phiu in s th t, s hiu bn cho khch hng, ng thi gi tn hiu n b iu khin trung tm, ni dung d liu gm: PRINT_ID, s hiu bn, s th t khch hng. Bn phm gi ti bn gm 2 phm: CALL- gi khch hng tip theo, RECALL- Gi li khch hng. Khi bm phm CALL, b iu khin bn tng s th t hin ti ln 1, hin th ra bng led, ng thi gi d liu n b iu khin trung tm gm: CALL_ID, S th t bn v s th t hin

ti. Khi bm phm RECALL, bo iu khin hin th s th t hin ti ra bng led, ng thi gi d liu n b iu khin trung tm gm: RECALL_ID, S th t bn v s th t hin ti. B iu khin trung tm nhn d liu t cc b iu khin bn v b iu khin my in, lu d liu ny vo b m. Nu b m d liu vn cha d liu v bt bo my tnh bn bng 0 (PC_BUSY=0), b iu khin trung tm tin hnh gi d liu ln my tnh. Mi ln gi d liu, thit lp bt bo my tnh bn ln 1 (trnh trng hp, my tnh ang pht loa gi s th b gin on bi d liu khc gi ln t b iu khin trung tm). My tnh nhn d liu t b iu khin trung tm. Khi nhn c d liu, my tnh x l d liu, gi s th t n bn tng ng theo d liu nhn c, hin th s th t trn giao din gim st. Hon thnh gi, gi lnh xung b iu khin trung tm, xa bt bo my tnh bn (PC_BUSY=1) b iu khin trung tm gi d liu tip ln my tnh nu c. Trong qu trnh , my tnh lu tr v cp nht c s d liu.

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Nh vy, mi d liu t cc b iu khin s lun c gi n bn iu khin trung tm mt cch thi gian thc. Nu cc b gi d liu ng thi, vic phn gii u tin s do mng CAN ph trch x l, cc gi d liu m bo s khng b mt d liu. 2.4.2. Xy dng phn cng Mi mt nt mng tham gia vo mng truyn thng s dng giao thc CAN c xy dng trn dng vi. Vi iu khin PIC18F458 tch hp m un CAN bao gm: mt b iu khin giao tip CAN, cc buffer message v iu khin. M un CAN thc hin tt c cc chc nng nhn v truyn d liu. Message c truyn bng cch ghi vo cc thanh ghi tng ng Trng thi v cc li c th pht hin bng c cc thanh ghi li. Chip MCP2551 l chip chuyn i tn hiu gia b iu khin giao CAN v ng truyn vt l. MCP2551 cung cp cho b iu khin giao thc CAN kh nng truyn nhn vi sai theo tiu chun ISO11898. N hot ng vi tc ln n 1Mbit/s

H. 4

Node mng CAN

2.4.3. Xy dng phn mm 2.4.3.1. Thut ton chng trnh b iu khin my in:

H. 5

Thut ton b iu khin my in

Gii thch thut ton: (Xem hnh H.5) Mc nh, b iu khin my in cha c php hot ng. B iu khin my in bt u hot ng khi nhn c tn hiu cho php SYSTEM ENABLE t b iu khin trung tm. Da vo phm khch hng bm, b iu khin tng s th th tng ng: Numberi= numberi+1, i= 1-N, gi d liu ny ra lnh my in phiu, ng thi gi d liu n b iu khin trung tm theo giao thc CAN: ID ca gi tin l PRINT_ID, d liu l s th t Numberi v s hiu bn i. 2.4.3.2. Thut ton chng trnh b iu khin ti bn

Gii thch thut ton: (Xem hnh H.6) Mc nh, b iu khin ti bn cha c php hot ng. B iu khin ti bn bt u hot ng khi nhn c tn hiu cho php SYSTEM ENABLE t b iu khin trung tm. gi khch hng tip theo n giao dch, nhn vin bn th i bm phm CALL, b iu khin tng s th t hin ti ln 1 n v, cp nht bng led hin th, gi d liu n b iu khin trung tm theo CAN. ID ca gi tin l CALL_ID, d liu gm s th t Numberi, v s hiu bn i: CALL_ID + I + NUMBERI .

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H. 6

Thut ton b iu khin bn i

2.4.3.3. Thut ton chng trnh giao din iu khin my tnh

H. 7

Thut ton iu khin chng trnh PC

Gii thch thut ton: (Xem hnh H.7) Mc nh, h thng cha hot ng. Ngi iu khin bm RUN, my tnh gi lnh cho b iu khin trung tm, b iu khin ny gi lnh SYSTEM_ENABLE n ton h thng. Trong khi my tnh ri, ch d liu gi t b iu khin trung tm pht loa gi s v cp nht d liu gim st, c s d liu. 2.4.3.4. Thut ton b iu khin trung tm Gii thch thut ton: (Xem hnh H.8)

B iu khin nhn d liu t my tnh (Data from PC): Nu d liu n l SYSTEM_ENABLE, b iu khin trung tm gi d liu CAN broadcast cho php ton b h thng: ID ca gi tin l ENABLE_ID Nhn d liu t mng CAN (Data from CAN), tng di b m ln, lu d liu vo b m: BUFF_COUNT++,

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ID_BUFF[BUFF_COUNT]=ID, TABLE_BUFF[BUFF_COUNT]=N. Kim tra bin PC_BUSY=0, Nu cn d liu trong b m d liu (BUFF_COUNT>0), gi d liu ln my tnh, cp nht li b m d liu.

H. 8

Thut ton b iu khin trung tm

2.5. Kt qu ng dng thc t: H thng xp hng t ng ng dng giao thc truyn thng CAN c xy dng v a vo ng dng ti T mt ca lin thng, S k hoch v u t Thnh ph Nng. Chi ph xy dng h thng l thp, h thng chy n nh. H thng tha mn mi tiu ch ca h thng xp hng t ng yu cu: Thut ton x l ly phiu, gi s ng th t Cha pht hin trng hp h thng b qua yu cu ngi dng: khch hng n ly phiu v nhn vin vn hnh bn gi s H thng cha xy ra s c sau gn mt nm vn hnh

[3]

[4]

Mike Stanczyk.: Smart Sensor CAN Node using the MCP2510 and PIC16F876. Microchip Technology Inc, 2009 Keith Pazul.: Controller Area Network (CAN) Basics, Microchip Technology Inc, 2006

Biography
PGS. TS on Quang Vinh, Trng i hc Bch Khoa i hc Nng. Tt nghip i hc ngnh K thut in nm 1986 ti trng i hc in My Plzen, Tip Khc. Nhn bng Tin s ngnh K thut in nm 1996 ti trng i hc Ty Tip, Cng ha Sc. T nm 1987 n nay: Cn b trng i hc Bch khoa - i hc Nng. Thc s Trn Thi Anh u, Trng i hc Bch Khoa i hc Nng. Tt nghip i hc ngnh Tin hc Cng nghip nm 2004 ti trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni. Nhn bng Thc s ngnh o lng v H thng iu khin nm 2007 trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni. T nm 2007 n nay: Cn b trng i hc Bch khoa - i hc Nng.

3. KT LUN
Bi bo a ra mt gii php s dng giao thc truyn thng CAN vi chi ph thp, tnh n nh cao, p ng c nhu cu ca mt h thng trong thc t. Trong thi gian ti, nhm tc gi tip tc nghin cu a giao thc CAN vo ng dng trong cc dy chuyn sn xut trong cng nghip.

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Hong Minh Sn.: Mng Truyn Thng Cng Nghip. Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut, H ni, 2001 Bonnie C. Baker.: Ease into the Flexible CANbus Network. Microchip Technology Inc, 2009

[2]

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