A,B,C,D,,F,G An ton mng theo ngha l bo v v m bo an ton ..... Ti nguyn.ca mng. ARP tm a ch vt l ca trm ch tng ....

. Lin kt d liu xy dng khung thng tin (Frame). ATM c tc trao i thng tin t ... 155 Mbps n 622 Mbps Bo mt l k thut che du thng tin khng cho php cc thc th... Khng c quyn truy xut Bo v cc ti nguyn thng tin trn mng l cn thit v cp bch, v... Nhiu ngi s dng v phn tn v mt vt l Cc giao thc ng dng hot ng trn... Tng ng dng. Cc mng my tnh c thit k v ci t theo quan im ... C cu trc a tng . Cc tng ca m hnh OSI theo th t no di y ? Vt l, lin kt d liu, mng, vn ti, phin, trnh din v ng dng. Cc trm ca mng cc b Token Ring hot ng nh l mt b chuyn tip (Repeater) h tr cho s Khuch i tn hiu suy hao Cp ni c khong cch xa, s dng Repeater Khuch i tn hiu. Cu trc khun dng ca a ch IP lp A l.... Bit 1: 0, bit 2- 8: NetID, 9-32: HostID Cu trc khun dng ca a ch IP lp B l.... Bit 1-2: 10, bit 3- 16: NetID, 17-32: HostID Cu trc khun dng ca a ch IP lp C l.... Bit 1-3: 110, bit 4- 24: NetID, 25-32: HostID Cu trc khung thng tin ca Frame Relay n gin hn so vi khung ca X.25, v : a S dng mt phn cc chc nng tng 2 v khng c Header ca tng mng. Chun no di y c t v chun kin trc mng cc b cho Ethernet, bao gm cc chun tng vt l v tng con MAC. b IEEE802.3. Chun H.323 l mt tp cc giao thc v th tc cung cp cc dch v a phng tin vi thi gian thc qua mng..... Mng ng di WAN. Chc nng ca tng lin kt d liu l .... a To khung thng tin (Frame), Chc nng ca tng mng l .... a Thc hin chn ng Chc nng ca tng trnh by l chuyn i... b Ngn ng ngi s dng v ngn ng chung ca mng Chc nng ca tng vn chuyn l .... a Vn chuyn thng tin gia cc my ch (End to End). Chc nng ca tng vt l l ... a m bo cc yu cu truyn/nhn cc chui bt qua cc phng tin vt l. Chuyn mch mm c kh nng tch hp cc ng dng... .a Ca nh cung cp dch v khc nhau Cng ngh ADSLl cng ngh ng dy thu bao s truy nhp...... d i xng 1

Cng ngh DSL cho php tn dng min tn s cao truyn tn hiu tc cao trn a i dy cp ng thng thng. Cng ngh no sau y c i ca khung d liu c nh: d ATM CSMA/CD l phng php truy nhp ngu nhin s dng cho mng c cu trc hnh ... a Vng (RING) Dch v VoIP truyn thoi s dng giao thc..... a IP D liu trong mng Frame Relay c t chc thnh cc khung c di..... a Khng c nh D liu truyn t tng th i ca h thng pht sang tng th i ca h thng nhn (tr tng thp nht- tng vt l) bng cch truyn .. b Gin tip a ch IP 203.162.0.11 thuc a ch lp no: c Lp C iu khin cc cuc lin lc l chc nng ca tng no ? c Tng phin. im truy nhp dch v SAP (Service Access Point) l g ? a Ni trao cung cp dch v cc tng k nhau. di ca khung d liu ca ATM l.... a 53 byte Fast Ethernet cn c gi l..... a 100BaseT FDDI khng c s dng cho cc mng din rng WAN c bn knh ln hn b 100 km Firewall l mt h thng kim sot, ngn chn .... .a t nhp bt hp php t bn ngoi vo h thng Giao thc IP l giao thc.... a Khng lin kt Giao thc TCP l giao thc.... a Hng lin kt Giao thc UDP c s dng cho nhng ng dng... c Khng yu cu tin cy cao Giao thc IP c nhng chc nng no sau y ? a nh tuyn cc gi tin trn mng, b Phn mnh v hp nht cc gi d liu, c Kim sot lung d liu v kim sot li Giao thc no cung cp tnh nng vn chuyn gi tin c tin cy cao: b TCP Giao thc no ph hp nht cho vic giao vn d liu quan trng v mt thi gian: d ATM Giao thc no sau y thuc tng mng (Internet Layer) trong m hnh TCP/IP ? b IP, d ARP Giao thc TCP hot ng cng tng vi nhng giao thc no: b UDP

H Gi d liu trong mt tng bt k gm nhng thnh phn no ? Hy chn ...... sau: Xc thc tng k trn. kim tra tnh xc thc ca mt thc th giao tip trn mng. Mt c Header, d D liu ca l cc hot ng thc th c th l ..... . a Mt ngi s dng, mt chng trnh, mt thit b phn cng. Hy chn ...... sau: Bn pht, d liu c cc giao thc cc tng thp ct hnh nhng gi c kch thc c nh. Qu trnh ny gi l qu trnh..... Ngc vi bn pht, bn thu, d liu cn phi c hp lai thnh thng ip thch hp tng ng dng (Application). B Phn on Hy chn ...... sau: Cc giao thc tng mng X25 m bo trao i thng tin c t l li thp, vi xc sut ln cc gi tin c gi ti ch khng c li v ng th t. Cng ngh .... rt cn thit i vi cc ng truyn c tin cy khng cao. b X25 Hy chn ...... sau: Cc Node mng giao tip vi thit b u cu qua giao din UNI v thit b chuyn mch ATM giao tip vi nhng thit b khc qua giao din a NNI (Network Network Interface). Hy chn ...... sau: Cc tnh hung bt thng trong qu trnh IP hot ng c giao thc... thng k v bo co a ICMP. Hy chn ...... sau: Cp si quang c kh nng truyn d liu vi dung lng ln, tc cao hn so vi cc loi cp ........... a Cp xon i c v bc, khng v bc v cp ng trc ng trc. Hy chn ...... sau: Cp si quang khng th b.... c t my nghe trm Hy chn ...... sau: Cp si quang truyn tn hiu d liu ........... di dng xung nh sng. . a S (Digital) Hy chn ...... sau: CSMA, gii thut Non - Persistent trnh c ......Tuy nhin, c nhiu thi gian cht ca I, Kng truyn: a Xung t Hy chn ...... sau: Giao thc IP l giao thc khng lin kt, cung cp a ch logic cho giao din vt l ca mng. Thc hin vic.... d Phn mnh v ng gi thng tin Hy chn ...... sau: Giao thc TCP l giao thc hng lin kt.... a Truyn d liu c tin cy cao Hy chn ...... sau: Khi d liu c chuyn t tng trn xung tng di k n, gi d liu c b sung thm thng tin iu khin trong phn d Header (tiu gi). Hy chn ...... sau: Loi cp xon i c v bc t b .......v c tc truyn cao vi khong cch xa so vi cp xon i khng v bc a Nhiu. Hy chn ...... sau: Mng Ethernet theo chun s dng cp si quang, tc truyn 10 Mb/s, phm vi cp 4km. Chun ny phn thnh 3 dng con: 10BASE-FL, 10BASE-FB v 10BASE-FP. a 10BASE -F. Hy chn ...... sau: Mc tiu kt ni cc my tnh thnh mng l cung cp cc ......... a dng, chia s ti nguyn chung v gim bt cc chi ph v u t trang thit b. a Dch v mng. Hy chn ...... sau: Trong cc mng IP, khng m bo tt c cc gi tin u n ch an ton v ng th t. Cc gi tin c th b mt (Packet Loss) khi mng b qu ti .hay trong trng hp.....hoc do ng kt ni khng m bo. c Nghn mng. Hy chn ...... sau: Trong mng chuyn mch gi, cc gi tin ca mt thng ip c th truyn c lp trn nhiu 3 tuyn hng ch v cc gi tin ca nhiu thng ip khc nhau c th cng truyn ....... tuyn lin mng. a Trn mt Hy chn ...... sau: Trong qu trnh trao i thng tin, ti bn pht, cc gi d liu c thm vo mt s thng tin

a ng gi (Encapsulation) Hy chn ...... sau: Trt l s chnh lch thi gian n ca cc gi tin t ngun n ch.Thi gian trt t l thun vi dung lng ca b m cng ln th thi gian gy tr ra cng tng. Vic tnh ton dung lng ca b m thch hp i vi tng h thng l rt cn thit sao cho trnh c trt m thi gian tr khng lm gim ....... ca h iu ICMP l giao thcthng.khin ca tng IP, s dng thng bo... a Cht lng- QoS. a Li v cc thng tin trng thi khc. IEEE 802.5 qui nh kch thc ti a Frame l.... Hy chn ...... sau: Truyn d liu theo phng thc .... khng yu cu c tin cy cao, khng yu cu cht a Khng qui nh lng dch v v khng yu cu xc nhn. Ngc li, truyn theo phng thc knh o yu cu c tin cy cao, ISDN c 3 loi knh c bn: knh D, knh B v knh H, c phn bit vi nhau v m bo cht lng dch v v c xc nhn. :c Chc nng v tc c Khng lin kt Kt ni lin mng cc mng LAN, WAN, MAN c lp vi nhau bng cc thit b c chc nng...... Hy chn: Cc giao thcmng chuyn mchgi X25 c t cc th tc qun l lu lng, qun l tc nghn v .. b nh tuyn (Routing). x l li, m bo tnh thng nht, ton vn thng tin trn ng truyn tr nn phc tp, cng knh, lm gim Kt ni nhiu mng s dng cc giao thc khc nhau bng cc... .. .... trong mng truyn dn quang. d B nh tuyn. a.Thng lng Khng nh no sau y l ng khi ni mng c cu trc im- im l. Hy chn: Cc phng php mt m dng mt kho m ho v mt kho cho gii m i hi ngi gi v ngi a Mng lu v gi tip (Store - and - Forward). nhn phi bit kho v gi ...... Phn phi kho mt cch an ton trong mi trng nhiu ngi s dng l rt kh Khng nh khi ni v c trng ca mng qung b khn. . a Tt c cc node cng truy nhp chung trn mt ng truyn vt l. b B mt. Khng nh khi ni v di gi tin cc i MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit).... Hy chn: Cc tng c chng ln nhau, trong mi tng c nhiu thc th thc hin mt s chc nng nhm a Trong cc mng khc nhau l khc nhau. cung cp mt s ........, th tc cho cc thc th tng trn hot ng Khng nh khi ni v mng chuyn mch gi a Dch v. d Gi tin lu chuyn trn cc kt ni logic hng ch.v trn mt ng c th c nhiu gi tin cng lu chuyn. Hy chn: Cu trc mng hnh vng l mt chui kt ni cc node li vi nhau to thnh vng trn. V vy Ring Khng nh khi ni l mng ... chuyn mch knh. LAN khng phi v mng nh Ethernet. Cng ngh Ring LAN l s ho, c ch cm nhn sng mang l tn hiu a Thit Ring LAN thng s dng chun 802.5 tng t. lp lin kt vt l, truyn d liu v gii phng lin kt gia 2 thc th Khng nh khi ni v nhc im ca mng c cu trc im- im (Point to Point): a Qung b c tr ln, tn nhiu thi gian thit lp ng truyn v x l ti cc node. Khng nh khi ni v truyn d liu theo phng (RING), s dng th bi Token RING iu khin truy Hy chn: Chun ......c t mng cc b hnh vng thc khng lin kt l: a tin cy thp. nhp ng truyn. IEEE 802.5 bao gm c tng vt l v tng con MAC. Khng nh khi802.5 truyn d liu theo phng thc hng lin kt: d IEEE ni v a C tin cy cao, m bo thnhlng dch v vsau : Bonhncuc gi H.225; iu khin truyn Hy chn: Chun H.323 bao gm cc cht phn v giao thc c xc hiu Khng nh ni M ho v gii m Audio G.711, G.722, G.723, G.728, G.729.; M ho v gii m Video H.271, thng H.245; cu trc vt l ca mng l: a Cu hnh d liu- T.120 v Giao H.263; chia s mng (Topology ) vn truyn thng..... Khng nh khi ni v nhng chc nng ca Firewall: a RTP/RTCP. a chn: gi d liu vo/ra.c t mng tch hpthng tin thc i vo/ra Lc Chun...... l chun Qun l truy xut d liu v ting ni, gii thng tng cng l 16 Mb/s. Chun Hy Khng cn c gi l Isochronous Ethernet(IsoEnet) v n c thit k cho cc mi trng c lng lu thng ny nh no ng: b Hiu sut bng thng mng cao khi s dng k thut chn ng BellMan Ford ln. Khnga IEEE 802.9 v cc loi thng bo li ca ICMP nh khi ni a Khng nh hng g ca mt b nh kt cc mng l gi IP Hy chn: Chc nng ch yun cc ..... l lintuyn khi x khc nhau v vt l v chuyn i cc gi tin t Khng nh khi ni v cht lng nh ng i ca cc gi n node ch. mng ny sang mng khc, quyt dch v QoS a Tr , trt , mt gi . c Router Khng nh khi ni vca cc IEEEtrong nhhnh OSI l chun cho cp dchtng no trong m hnh OSI ?. Hy chn: Chc nng chun tng 802 m ngha tiu c cung nhng v bi......v che du hot ng b Tng Physical v dch v ca tng k trn. tng Datalink Khng nh khi ni v chc nng ca Token BUS: a Tng k di. Hy a. B Chc nng ca tng trm ngoi vngkin to ......., kim sot lung v kim liu.li. chn: sung nh k cc lin kt d liu l logic nu c nhu cu truyn d sot c. Loi b mt tin (Frames), cn nhu cu truyn d liu ra khi vng logic. a Khung thng trm khng d. Qun l nng ca tng vng logic, khi phc d liu gia ccdo gy vng logic.thit lp, duy tr, Hy chn: Chc li, khi to phin l qun l cc cuc lin lc b mt thc th bng cch Khng nhho v hu b cc phin truyn thng gia..... ng b khi ni v c ch iu khin li: c CRC ng dng. a Cc Khng nh khi ni vtng....... l m bo ccmt t bo v mt gi tin. Hy chn: Chc nng c tnh phn bit yu cu truyn/nhn cc chui bt qua cc phng tin vt l. c Cc t bo c di c nh a Vt l Khng nh khi ni v c trng c bn SMDS: i cc thng tin lin kt nhn trong mng MPLS m Hy chn: C ch phn phi nhn vi mc ch trao b cho v chuyn k c th cp nht, lin kt, c tnh bo nhau v gi boDchcc b ... lin mch gi khngduy tr v thng nht vi mt cao tr nhn cho cc FEC trong c s d liu nhn. 4 a nh tuyn. Hy chn: Cng ngh chuyn mch mm c kh nng tch hp v pht trin cc phn mm thng minh ca cc nh cung cp dch v, khai thc tim nng ca mng trong tng lai. V d dng ...... dch v mi t nh

c Tch hp Hy chn: phc tp ca cc phng php Token so ln hn nhiu vi CSMA/CD, x l n gin hn. Trong iu kin ... phng php th bi khng cao, v trm c th i n lt c th bi. Ngc li, phng php th bi hiu qu trong iu kin ti nng. a Ti nh Khng nh khi ni v n v d liu ca tng Process/Application: Hya Message (Thng ipthc PDU(Protocol Data Unit) bao gm ... c thm vo u n v d liu dch chn: n v d liu giao ) v SDU. Khng nh khi ni v giao din ISDN a Thng tin iu khin Rate : a Giao din BRI (Basic PCI. Interface); giao din PRI (Primary Rate Interface). Hy chn: D liu trong tng3 ca X.25 s ccp si quang.gi tin. u mi gi c b sung phn Network Khng nh khi ni v giao thc s dng trn chia thnh cc Header. Cc gi ny s c chuyn xung tng 2, cc hm chc nng ca LAP-B s b sung .. ....v cc Flag vo b FDDI, c SONET mi gi to thnh cc khung LAP-B v cc khung c chuyn xung tng vt trong trng hp ti Khng nh khi ni v hiu qu ca phng php truy nhp ng truyn l truyn n ch nh: a a Layer 2 Header . CSMA/CD Hy chn: Ethernet v cu hnh Bus v nht - Bus, sd liu trong mng:truy nhp ... Vn tc truyn c th t Khng nh khi ni c kch thc ln Star ca gi dng phng php ta n v100Mbpscc 10Gbps vi cc loi cpTransmission Unit) 10Mbps, truyn n i MTU (Maximum ng trc mnh, cp ng trc dy, cp xon i, cp quang ... Khnga CSMA/CD v k thut s dng bng thng hiu qu: nh khi ni Hy chn: Frame Relay loi b hon ton cc th tc ......trong m hnh OSI. Ch mt s chc nng chnh c iu khin lung ca s ng tng 2 c thc v ngn ng nh du trong mng Frame Relay cao hn nhiu so vi X25. Khng nh khi ni hin. V vy tc truyn siu vn bn (HyperText Markup Language): a Tng mng c L cng c son tho trang thng tin Web Hy chn: Gii phng lin kt ngha l gii phng cc ti nguyn caToken RING: cp pht cho qu Khng nh khi ni v nguyn nhn ph v h thng trong mng h thng c trnh l mt th d liu, sn sng cp pht cho lin kt tip theo. a Mt......v truyn bi. a Thit lp lin kt c Th bi bn lu chuyn khng dng trn vng Hy chn: Gii thut 1- Persistent trong k thut CSMA gim Ethernet:nhng kh nng xy ra xung t s cao Khng nh khi ni v nhng c im k thut c bn ca c...... hn. a Cu hnh Bus / Star hoc lai ghp Bus Star a Thi gian cht ca ng cp ng trc dy, cp xon i, cp quang d S dng cp ng trc mnh, truyn Hy chn: Gii ni v nhc im ln k thut cc phng php dng c kh Khng nh khi thut p- Persistent trong nht caCSMA c th ti thiu hoth bi: nng ... a Xung t v thi gian cht ca ng truyn a C kh nng iu ho lu lng trong mng Hy chn: Hm Confirm c php truy nhp dch v s dng c ch xc nhn ACK: Khng nh khi ni v phngthc th cung cpng truyn c xc nhn hon tt cc th tc c yu c cu t trc bi hm dch v nguyn thy ..... TOKEN RING Khnga Requestni v phng thc vi phm an ton thng tin: nh khi HyTh ng, Indication c mt thc th ch bo yu cu cung cp .... chn: Hm ch ng. a a Dch v. Khng nh khi ni v qu trnh phn mnh gi tin: c nh hng n tc trao i d liu trong mng. Khng nh khi ni v tn gi loi my ch cung cp dch v th in t: Hy Mail Servermng l s tch hp nhiu cng ngh, phng tin truy nhp v truyn thng, giao thc, ti b chn: Hi t nguyn d liu v ng dng khc nhau trn lung: Khng nh khi ni v tnh nng iu khinmt c s h tng v qun l chung nhm to ra ......., cung cp ng thi..nhiu loi kt d Hng linhnh dch v vi cht lng cao, p ng mi nhu cu ca ngi s dng. d Mt mng v truyn d liu Khng nh khi nitruyn thng mi. theo phng thc khng lin kt: Hy tin cy cao. cc dch v Datagram, kt ni cc mng con thnh lin mng, truyn d liu theo phng a chn: IP cung cp thc.... Kch thc gi tin MPLS nh th no so vi kch thc t bo ATM a Chuyn mch a Ln hn nhiu gi IP Datagram Hy chn:IP Header liu thm vo u cc gi c v t ti a l : Kch thc phn d ctrong khung X.25 ch tin thc tng lin kt d liu truyn theo dng khung d liu (Frame) a 128 bytes. a Giao thc. Kch thc phn d liu (User Data) trong khung Frame Relay ti a Hy 2048 Knh o v ngdn o c th nhndin qua cc trng VCI v VPI trong Header ca. ATM chn: byte a Trong mt bo dn Cell th Kch thc tngATMo c l: c nhiu knh o v knh o trong cc ng dn o khc nhau c th c cng mt bytes a 53VCI. Do mt .... hon ton c th xc nh bi s kt hp gia VPI v VCI. a Knh o Kim sot li v kim sot lung d liu c thc hin bi ... Hy Tng LAP-D thc hin cc chc nng cung cp dch v thit lp mt hay nhiu lin kt Data Link trn chn: lin kt d liu. a cng knh chuyn hot ng ca cc thc th .. .., to khung, kim sot ng b, pht hin li v kim sot Kin trc caD cho ccmch mm l....... lung a Phn tn, theo cc chun mi b Tng mng Hy chn: L hng loi A cho php ngi s dng ........ L hng loi ny rt nguy him, c th lm ph hy ton b h L, M, N thng..... a Truy nhp t xa bt hp php vo h thng 5 Hy chn: L hng loi B cho php ngi s dng ....... Mc nguy him trung bnh. Thng xut hin trong cc ng dng, dn n l thng tin..... c Thm cc quyn khng hp l

thc hin c tt c cc loi truyn thng. a Bng thng. Hy chn: M hnh NGN ca SIEMENS vi tn gi l SURPASS, c cu trc phn tn, c cc c ch truy nhp a dch v, truyn ti trn IP/MPLS v giao din quang, qun l mng SNMP trn nn JAVA/CORBA. Giao din ngi s dng Lin mng c th c lin kt bi LAN to LAN, LAN to WAN v.... a HTTP. . Hy chn: Mi mt lp giao thc c hai c trng, c trng dch v v c trng ..... c trng dch v.l cc d WAN to WAN. Loi cps dchi trongbinhm nguyn thy. c trng giao thc bao gm khun dng PDU, cc tham s dch v tham xon v ph cc nht c s dng trong cc mng LAN l UTP (10BaseT). loi PDU v phng thc hot ng ca thc th giao thc. s dng cho mi mt MngaFrame Relay c gi l mng ..... Giao thc . Hyng Mt trong nhng chc nngcao. ....l chn ng i ca d liu t node ngun n node ch c chn: chuyn mch gi tc ca Mng a Tng mng. dng cc hnh BUS s a chn: Mc ch ca mi mt tng l cung cp cc dch v cho ..... v bo v cho tng k di khi nhng chi HyTerminator. Mng hi cch thc dch v ..... thc hin. tit v t l mt mng c d Tch hp c s h tng ca cc mng truyn thng hin c a Tng k trn. Mng hi t s tiu chnh ca ISDN l chun ho tt ckt cc mng khc nhau php cc phng tin nh m Hy chn: Mc dng giao thc no di y lin cc thit b u cui, cho :c IP Mng Internet nh, vn bn c tch hp chung vo mt mng duy nht. Nhm s dng c hiu qu cc .. .. ca thanh , hnh l :a Mng ca cc my tnh ton cu kt ni li vi nhau theo giao thc TCP/IP mng. Mngakiu nguyn Ti im- im gi l mng Lu v Mc tiu kt ni cc my tnh thnh mng l cung cp cc ...... a dng, chia s ti nguyn chung v Hy chn: gi tip (Store - and - Forward) ?. Mng LAN hnhchi ph v u t trangs c..... gim bt cc sao (STAR) khi c thit b. . a S ngngmng. ng ton b h thng. a Dch v hot Mng my tnh l Cc my tnh kt ni vi nhau bng cc ng truyn vt l v hot ng theo mt kin trc mng Nu mt Hy chn:xc nh mng nhn d liu t mt mng khc, kch thc gi d liu ln hn .... ca n, d liu s Mng NGN hi t nhng u im cachuynngh......trnh ny gi l qu trnh phn mnh d liu: c chia thnh nhiu gi nh hn cng tip, qu A a MTU mch knh Chuyn Mng X25 Nguyn c ch kimkhi truyn thoi qua lung,chuyncp cc dch th tin ch .... . x i Hy chn: c cc nhn gytr sot li, iu khin mng cung mch gi c v do cy, tc trao l thng tin ha; thi cc b m ti a ... gian m ha v ng gi d liu; tr khi truyn qua mng v do cc b m chng Jitter .d 64thu. pha Kbps Mt m Khung d liu d l qu trnh chuyn i thng tin bn r sang.... a Dng m ha tcchuyn mch nhn MPLSnh sau: Gi tin cha c gn nhn MPLS c chuyn n Hy chn: Nguyn (Encryption). M LER chuyn quamng ........; LER s xcnh v phn loi gi tin vo cc lp FEC. Header MPLS ca gi tin hnh OSI chia hot ng truyn thng thnh..... a 7c chn thm mt hoc nhiu nhn trc gi tin. Sau , gi tin c chuyn i trn hm n Router tip s tng. M theo trn ng n ch. dng ca m hnh OSI thnh 2 tng con: hnh 802 chia tng ng a MPLS MAC. a LLC v MPLS c th truyn ........ d chn: Nhc im Hya phng tin ca mng kiu im - im l hiu sut s dng ng truyn thp. Chim dng nhiu MPLSnguyncp.... thit lp ng truyn xchuyn mch knh da trn cc thit b ...... ti cung v dch v thng nht cho mng l ti cc node. V vy tc trao i thng tin thp. . c Chuyn mch tc cao c Tiu tn nhiu thi gian Mc tiu kt ni my tnh thnh cng khai: mt kho cng khai m ho v mt ...... gii m. Khng th Hy chn: Phng php m ho mng l Cung cp cc dch kho cng khai dng, chia s ti nguyn, nng cao tin cy, chinh phc suy ra kho b mt t v mng a v ngc li nh cc hm ton hc c bit khong cch v gim bt cc chi ph v u t . a Kho b mt Nhm mPhng thc tn cng t chi dch v cu t l mt gi l..... Mc nguy him thp, c th lm ngng Hy chn: bo cht lng dch v VoPN, yu DoS (Dinal of Services). b Nh hn 10% quyn truy nhp. tr ........ hoc chim Nhng Khng ph hngni v chc nng ca giao thc: a Khng nh khi d liu. aHy chn: Qu trnh thm Header li. iugi tin khi qua mi tng c gi l.... Khi nhn d liu s din ra ng gi, phn on v hp vo u khin lin kt v gim st. b.iu chiu ngc lng v iu khin li.s tch b Header thuc n trc khi chuyn d liu ln tng trn. theo khin lu li, qua mi tng cc gi tin ng b ho v a ch ho. a ng gi Nhng Khng nh khi ni v bin liu khng lin kt. SMDS thit lp mt.......gia thc th ngun v ch, cc Hy chn: SMDS l mt dch v d php bo m tnh ton vn thng tin trn mng: a Phng php pht hin cch c lp li, nhau v khng theotra mt m; t bo d liu truyn i mt li v sa vi bin php kim th t. b Ch kKnh o (Virtual Circuit) ca thng tin. b in t, tnh xc thc Nhng Khng nh khi niti to ..... thnhhng bo mt an ton h thng : sot li , kim sot lng, kim Hy chn: Tng 2 bn thu, v cc loi l cc khung thng tin. Thc hin kim sot lu lng, ngn khng nt ngun gy ngp lt d liu cho bn thu c tc thp hn. 6 a Chui bt Hy chn: Tng 2 thc hin vic to cc.. ..d liu, truyn cc khung tun t v x l cc thng ip xc nhn t bn my thu gi v. Tho g cc khung thnh chui bt khng cu trc chuyn xung tng vt l.

Hy chn: Tng mng(Network Layer) thc hin cc chc nng chn ng (Routing) cho cc ....t ngun ti ch c th trong cng mt mng hoc gia cc mng khc nhau a Gi tin Hy chn: Tng phin cho php ngi s dng trn cc my khc nhau thit lp, duy tr, hu b v ng b ........ loi thng gia h vi nhau . a L hngtruynA, B, C a Phin Nhng Khng nh khi ni v cc m hnh kt ni ADSL Hy chn: Tng ng dng(Application Layer) gm nhiu ..... cung cp cc phng tin cho ngi s dng truy a M hnh PPPoA (Point to Point over ATM), cp vo PPPoE (Point v cung cp cc dch v phn tn. b M hnhmi trng mng to Point over Ethernet) RFC 2516 Nhng a Giao thc ng dng cc m hnh truyn thoi qua mng chuyn mch gi: Khng nh khi ni v Hy chn: Tng vn chuyn Host to Host thc hin kt ni gia hai my ch trn mng bng cc giao thc.... a Voice over Frame Relay VoFR, a over ATM b Voice TCP v UDP. VoATM, c Voice over Internet Protocol VoIP Nhng Khng nh khi ni v cc phng php chng nhiu trong k thut DSL aHy chn:xuyn nhiu, Chng Tp hp cc giao thc mng chuyn mch gi ... d X25 b Phng php trit ting vng Hy chn: TCPnh khigiao thc hng lin kt, tcmtrc ng truyn liu,dng trong cng ngh xDSL: Nhng Khng l mt ni v cc phng php l ha khi truyn d s thc th thng lng thit lp php ni ch bin v pha trit sng truyn s liu: a Phng mt ktiulogic tm thi, tn ti trong qu trnhmang CAP, a TCP pht v thc th TCP thu b Phng php a m tn ri rc DMT Hy chn: TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) l chng ...... Nhng Khng nh khi ni v cc phng thc tn cng mng ph bin: cng hot ng nhm cung cp cc p ng truyn thng pht hin a Scannerphng tin(Response) lin mng. s hiu cng (Port) TCP/UDP; a Giao thc. b B kho (Password Cracker), Trojans; Hy chn:c kh thng, di mt "tm bt" IP ln hn nhiu lnchuyn trn mng. trong tng lin kt d Sniffer Thng nng "nh hi" gi d liu cc thng tin lu di khung d liu d liu. V nh khi ni v c c ch .. . Nhng Khngvy cn thit phi cc u im ca truyn thoi qua mng chuyn mch gi a Phn mnh u t v tng mng nhn. a Tit kim chi ph khi pht h hp nht khiv chi ph s dng dch v, Hy chn: Ton vn dbng thng thng tin trong cc khov QoShoc trn ng truyn khi...... th khng b S dng hiu qu liu ngha l vi cht lng dch d liu chp nhn c. th Khng bin i mt cch ngu nhin hoc c . Nhngtin hnhnh khi ni v c trng c bn ca cng ngh chuyn mch mm a Cha c u ph thuc vo phn cng chuyn mch. : b Phn mm khng quyn Hy chn: Token BUS: ni v c trng truyn cho mt trm, mt th bi Nhng Khng nh khi cp pht ng k thut ca an ton mng: c lu chuyn trn mt....gia cc trm c nhu cu. Khi mt trm nhn c th ton c quyn truy nhp ng truyn trong mt thi gian xc a Xc thc, tnh kh dng, tnh bo mt, tnh bi n vn; nh. Khi truyn ht d khng th thi ci. b Tnh khng ch, tnh liu hoc ht chigian cho php, n chuyn th bi cho trm tip theo. a Vng logic Hy chn: Trong k khi ni v BUS,gi tin trong mng xc nh bngcngchui cc trmtc ... Mi trm Nhng Khng nh thut Token di mt vng logic c truyn thng mt ngh quang, c 10Gbit/s: c bit a ch i ca gi Ethernet (1518 .trm a Kch thc ccca trm lin k trc v Th t byte)cui cng lin k vi trm u tin ca vng .Cc trm Nhng Khng nh khi ni v hn ch ca MPLS: a Khng cung cp dch v u cui (End-Point), b Li ng truyn cao hn cc cng ngh khc, gim i tin cy. Nhng Khng nh khi ni v h cc cng ngh xDSL: a IDSL; HDSL, b VDSL; ADSL Nhng Khng nh khi ni v nhng u im ca cng ngh chuyn mch mm : c Tch hp cc dch v mi, cho php ngi s dng c th t pht trin ng dng v dch v, d Tch hp v pht trin cc phn mm thng minh Nhng Khng nh khi ni v u im kin trc phn lp NGN: a Chuyn mch phn tn, x l vn tc nghn, b S thay i hay nng cp cng ngh mt lp khng nh hng n mng, c Pht trin cc dch v mi khng ph thuc vo cc nh khai thc mng. Nhng thut ng no dng m t cc n v d liu ti tng mng ? a Datagram., d Gi tin (Packed). Nhng giao thc no sau y thuc tng vn chuyn (Transport Layer) trong m hnh TCP/IP ?: a UDP: c TCP Nhng thc th no di y l giao thc ca WAN: a Frame Relay, d X25 Q,P,S,T,V,X 7

Qu trnh chia d liu thnh cc gi c kch thc quy nh gi l qu trnh b Phn mnh Qu trnh thm thng tin iu khin vo u mi gi tin, c gi l qu trnh a ng gi d liu.. Phng php chuyn mch no s dng mch o ? b Packet Phng php truy nhp no di y lng nghe lu thng mng trn ng truyn trc khi truyn d liu ?. a CSMA/CD SMDS l mt ... .a Dch v truyn s liu Tng k di cung cp dch v cho tng k trn qua ... a Cc im truy cp dch v SAP (Service Access Points) Tng no di y cho php nhiu thit b chia s ng truyn ? b MAC. Tng no di y duy tr v gii phng lin kt gia cc thit b truyn thng ? c LLC Tng no xc nh giao din gia ngi s dng v mi trng OSI ? a Tng ng dng Tng vn chuyn Host to Host hot ng bi cc giao thc ... a TCP Tng con iu khin truy nhp MAC l con ca tng no trong OSI ?. c Datalink Tng no c lin quan n cc giao thc trao i d liu ? B c d Tng vn chuyn, tng lin kt d liu, tng vt l Tng no di y thit lp, duy tr, hu b cc giao dch" gia cc thc th u cui ? c Tng phin Tng no thc hin vic chuyn giao cc thng ip gia cc tin trnh trn cc thit b ? a,b,c,d tng mng , tng vn chuyn, tng lin kt d kiu, tng phin Th bi (Token) l mt n v d liu c bit, c kch thc v ni dung gm cc thng tin .... a iu khin c quy nh ring cho mi phng php Thng tin iu khin bao gm: a a ch ngun v ch, m pht hin li v cc thng tin iu khin khc. Tnh khng chi ci (Nonreputation) ngha l trong qu trnh trao i thng tin cc thc th tham gia .... b Khng th chi b cc thao tc c thc hin. Tc Fast Ethernet v Ethernet Gigabit nhanh hn tc ca .... d ATM Trong cc mng qung b, tng no iu khin vic truy nhp ng truyn a MAC (Medium Acces Sublayer) Trong k thut chuyn mch knh, trc khi trao i thng tin, h thng s thit lp kt ni gia 2 thc th bng mt....... A ng truyn vt l. Trong k thut datagram, nu xy ra nghn thng tin..... c Cc gi tin c th c nh tuyn ra khi vng nghn Trong k thut knh o, cc gi tin lu chuyn trn mng s nhanh hn v b Khng cn phi nh tuyn ti cc node, nhng s kh thch ng vi nghn. Trong k thut Token Ring, mt th bi lu chuyn trn vng vt l cp pht Quyn truy nhp ng truyn cho cc trm Trong mng hnh BUS, tt c cc trm truy nhp ngu nhin vo... 8

a ng truyn chung Trong mng hnh STAR, khi mt my tnh c s c th Ton b h thng ngng hot ng. Trong qu trnh truyn thng, cc thc th trong mng my tnh khi trao i thng tin vi nhau phi tun theo Tp cc quy tc quy c. Truyn d liu theo phng thc khng lin kt: a tin cy cao. Vit Nam c trung tm thng tin Chu Thi bnh dng APNIC phn a ch IP thuc lp no: c Lp C Vi phm an ton thng tin hiu theo ngha .... c Ni dung thng tin v lung thng tin thay i VoPN l cng ngh truyn thoi thi gian thc s dng h thng..... c Chuyn mch gi. X.25 l giao thc ca cng ngh chuyn mch gi, c t giao tip gia .... c DTE v DCE Xu hng pht trin cc dch v mng my tnh l Cung cp cc dch v truy nhp vo cc ngun thng tin xa, Xu hng pht trin cc dch v gii tr trc tuyn (Online) hin i.

1- B; 2- E; 3 - A; 4 - C. a 1- D; 2- C; 3 - B; 4 - A.

a 1- C; 2- B; 3 - A; 4 - C.

b 1- A; 2- E; 3 - A; 4 - C.

a 1- D; 2- A; 3 - B; 4 - C.

a 1- D; 2- A; 3 - B; 4 - C. a 1 - C; 2 - A; 3 - D; 4 - B. a 1- B; 2-D; 3 - C; 4 - A.

a 1 - A; 2 - C; 3 - B

d 1- A; 2- E; 3 - A; 4 - C.

a 1- A; 2- D; 3 - C; 4 - B

a 1- C; 2- B; 3 - A; 4 - C.

a 1- D; 2- C; 3- B; 4- A

a 1 - D; 2 - C; 3- B; 4- A a 1 - C; 2 - D; 3 - A; 4 - B

a 1- C; 2- B; 3- D; 4- A

a 1- D; 2- C; 3- B; 4- A

a 1- C; 2- B; 3 - A; 4 - C.

a 1- C; 2- A; 3- D; 4- B

a 1- D; 2- B; 3 - A; 4 - C. a 1- A; 2- B; 3- C; 4- C a 1- D; 2- A; 3 - B; 4 - C a 1- C; 2- D; 3- B; 4- A a 1- C; 2- B; 3 - A; 4 D a 1- D; 2- B; 3- C; 4- A 10

a 1- C; 2- A; 3- D; 4- B

a 1- B; 2- D; 3- A; 4- C.

a 1- A; 2- C 3- D; 4- B a 1- C; 2- A; 3- D; 4- B

a 1- D; 2- B; 3- A; 4- C.

a 1- B; 2- D; 3- A; 4- C.

a 1- C; 2- B; 3- D; 4- A

a 1- C; 2- B; 3- D; 4- A.

a 1- D; 2- B; 3- A; 4- C

a 1- B; 2- C; 3- A; 4- D.

a 1- C; 2- A; 3- D; 4- B

a 1- B; 2- C; 3- A; 4- D.

a 1- D; 2- C; 3- B; 4- A

a 1- D; 2- C; 3- B; 4- A.

a 1- A; 2- B; 3- C; 4- D a 1- B; 2- C; 3- A; 4- D

a 1- C; 2- D; 3- B; 4- A.

a 1- B; 2- C; 3- D; 4- A.

a 1- D; 2- C; 3- A; 4- B

a 1- B; 2- C ; 3- D; 4- A.

a 1- B; 2- D; 3- A; 4- C

a 1- D; 2- A; 3- B; 4- C.

a 1- D; 2- C; 3- A; 4- B a 1- A; 2- D; 3- C; 4- B

a 1- D; 2- A; 3- B; 4- C.

a 1- C; 2- A; 3- B; 4- D. a 1- D; 2- B; 3-A; 4- C.

a 1- B; 2- D; 3- A; 4- C.

11

a 1- A; 2- C; 3- B; 4- D.

a 1- D; 2- A; 3- B; 4- C.

a 1- C; 2- A; 3- B; 4- D.

a 1- C; 2- D; 3- A; 4- B.

a 1- B; 2- A; 3- D; 4- C.

a 1- B; 2- C; 3- D; 4- A. a 1- E; 2- D; 3- C; 4- B.; 5- A

12