Trng i hc Nng Lm Thi Nguyn Khoa: CNSH & CNTP

CC CNG THC TON HC S DNG TRONG QU TRNH TRCH LY

Ging vin : Trn Vn Hng B mn: Ha Cng Khoa: CNSH&CNTP Nhm: 9

Thi Nguyn, thng 3 nm 2012

5.7 TRCH LY CHO DNG

Phng trnh cn bng vt liu cho bc th n

mR.n-1 + ms.n = mR.n + mE.n

Vi cc ch s: F: hn hp u S: Dung m R: raphina E: trch

(8.6)

B y Emax E1 1 F 2 y R 3 ? y=y 0 s x 3= x R b) x2 x1 x0= x F A R

3 3 1

y2

M1 M2 M3

E1 E2 E3

R R
3

c)

Hnh 1.6: Trch ly cho dng

 Nu khng cp v s ho tan ln nhau gia dung mi u v dung mi ngi ta c th vn dng th tam gic theo h to x, y. hnh 1.6b. Nu c s ho tan tng phn gia dung mi u v dung mi trch, th s dng th tam gic hnh 1.6c. V tr im Mn c thnh phn ca hn hp pha th n, s c xc nh bng quy tc n by t quan h cc dng m R . n- 1 / m S . n-1

 Thnh phn ca raphinat xn v pha trch ly yn ly t im cui(Rn v En) trn ng cn bng i qua Mn .Longj raphinat v dung dch trch cng c xc nh theo quy tc n by Bc trch ly l thuyt tng ng vi s lng ng lin hp Rn En trong th tam gic khi t nng ca raphinat xR. Nng , lng ca raphinat v dung dch trch c tnh nh ng ni t nh C qua R v E ct AB.

5.8 TRCH LY NGC CHIU Cn bng vt liu ca h thng trch ly n bc ngc chiu:

mF +mS = mR +mE
i vi cu t phn b:

mFxF + mSxS = mRxR + mE xE

Nu b qua s ho tan ln nhau gia dung mi u v dung mi, th lng dung mi u v dung mi(mA , mC) trong tt c cc bc khng thay i. Khi cn bng vt liu ca cu t phn b s l:

mA(xF xR) =mC(yE- y S)

y E

E
max

F
E ,E R R 3 R ,R
3 2 1 1

E
2

M E
3

y
s

x
R

x
F

b)

c) Hnh1. 7: Trch ly ngc chiu

 Nu khng cp v s ho tan ln nhau gia dung mi u v dung mi ngi ta c th vn dng th tam gic theo h to x, y. S bc thay i nng (bc trch ly) bng s ng lm vic trong th hnh 1.6b Nu c s ho tan tng phn gia dung mi u v dung mi trch, th s dng th tam gic hnh. S bc thay i nng (bc trch ly) bng s ng lm vic . trong th hnh 1.6b

5.9 TRCH LY NGC CHIU C HI LU

Tu iu kin lm vic m mt hoc c hai sn phm c hi lu tr li. Cn bng vt liu ca h thng trch ly:

mF =mE +mR
Khi tnh ton cn gi thuyt l cc dng mS.0, mS.n -1 v mS.n +1 ch c dng mi nguyn cht C v cc dng mE v mR khng cha dung mi. Cn bng vt liu cho cu t phn b B l:

mF xF = mEYE + mR XR

Nu dng dung mi nguyn cht C th trch ly c tnh theo cng thc:

2 (1 + a1 )(1 + a.).....(1 + ai)....(1 + an )

Vi

m R.n

xn

mF xF

- trch ly ( lng cht trch ly trong hi lu chia cho lng trong hn hp u)

ai =

mE.i mR.i

- T l ca cc dng: t l gia khi lng ca dung dch vi khi lng cht rn, cng c th ly t l theo th tch;

5.11 TRCH LY NGC CHIU CA CHT RN

Cn bng vt liu tng t nh trch ly ngc chiu ca h lng, hnh 1.11 v cc phng trnh (1.12 ) v (1.13). Nu t s gia cc dng tt c cc bc, tr bc th nht, l hng s, tc nu a2 = a3 ==an =a=const, th trch ly c tnh theo cng thc: 1
=

1 + a 1(1 + a + a + ... +

n-1

Bi ton 2
Mt loi ph liu thi cha 11%x ng dng CuCl2. X c baz ho, sau dng acid long ra. Trong qu trnh ra c mt lng kh nh bay ln. Va m cha nc theo t l 2kg nc 1kg va kh. Gi thit s cn bng t c tng bc trch ly. Tnh s bc ca thp trch ly tch CuCl2 trong dung dch 12% vi hiu sut 98%.

 Bi Gii:
S di chuyn ca va trong thp t bc ny n bc khc lun vi mt lng nc khng i theo t l 2kg nc 1 kg va kh. S bc trch ly ca thp c tnh theo cng thc (8.32). Tnh lng va CuCl2 khi c lng b trong ph liu l 100kg: 11 100 =12,36 (kg )CuCl2 69 Nu c 12,36 kg CuCl2 trong ph liu th trch ly c: 12,36.98 =12,11 (kg)CuCl2 100

 V lng CuCl2 cn li trong b l: 12,36.2 = 0.25 (kg)CuCl2 100 Dng acid long ra va CuCl2, tc l ho tan c 12,11 kg CuCl2 trong thp trch ly.Gi d trong acid long c cha 200 kg nc, thi tlng acid long c dng cho ho tan 12,11 kg CuCl2 l: (mS -200).12 =12,11 100 Rt ra: mS=288,8 kg (acid long)

 Nh vy thnh phn ca pha trch tnh theo 100kg nc: 12 yE= 100 = 13,64 88 y cng l lng c cng thnh phn m va mang theo, nn: x1 =yE =13,64 Tng t thnh phn va mt theo b: 0,25 xR= 100 =0,125 200

 Nc acid long vo thp khng cha mui ng, nn thnh phn yS = 0. Thnh phn ca CuCl2 l y2 dng bn trn t bc 2 i vo bc 1 c tnh da vo cn bng ca CuCl2 bc 1lng dung mi dng trn l :288,8 kg . bc 1 c 12,36 kg CuCl2 cho mi 100 kg lng tr kh v ngoi ra c A kg vi 288,8 kg dung mi t bc 2 n, tng cng (12,36 + A )kg .i khi bc 1:pha trch 12,11 kg dung dch t dng di 13,64 .200 =27,28 (kg) 100

 Phng trnh cn bng ca CuCl2 bc l (lng vo bng lng ra) 12,36 +A =39,39 Rt ra A = 39,39 12,36 =27,03 (kg) Thnh phn ca dng bn trn (tnh theo kilgam cho mi 100kg nc) 27,03 Y2= . 100 = 9,36 288,8 S bc khng k bc 1 l : (bc) Tng cng c : NSt =10+1 =11( bc)