LI NI U

Ngy nay, nhng ng dng ca vin thng i su vo i sng sinh hot ca con ngi, l mt phn tt yu khng th thiu trong i sng hin i. Th k 21 c xem l th k ca khoa hc cng ngh, l th k m my mc c thit k mt cch t ng thay th cc hot ng ca con ngi trong vic truyn d liu, thng tin, cng nh phc v cc cng vic trong sinh hot. Trong mt cuc sng mang tnh t ng ho cao th cc dch v vin thng nh l mt cng c c lc, quan trng , h tr cho con ngi thc hin nhu cu ngy cng cao v cng hon thin ca mnh. Hin nay chng ta c i tham quan thc tp ti cc cng ty, c quan lm quen vi cc thit b in t, quan trng hn c l chng ta hc mn thc tp vin thng. Nhng bui hc ny c ngha rt ln vi chng ta, n gip ta c quan st v nhn thy nhng my mc c th t bit c cch hot ng cng nh lm vic c vi cc h thng vin thng, tuy thi gian hc khng c nhiu nhng cng gip cho chng ta c c hi c st vi thc tin n gip ta bit cch lm vic ca 1 h thng vin thng ti 1 trung tm vin thng v t c th t tm hiu nhiu hn v cc loi my mc, thit b m s gn lin vi chng ta trong tng lai sau ny.

 mn hc ny nhm chng ti c hc v b ngun AC, DC ca 1 trm vin thng l nh th no?, v cch m bo an ton cho cc h thng ny khi xy s c v dn MDF ca trm vin thng cch u ni cc loi cp v qun l ra sao.Mc d c gng rt nhiu song do hiu bit v kin thc cn hn ch, kinh nghim thc t cn t v trong qu trnh hc nhm khng th trnh khi nhng sai xt. Mong nhn c s ch dn ca thy gio v ng gp kin ca cc bn chng ti rt kinh nghim trong nhng t thc tp sau. Kha thc tp ny hon thnh khng nhng gip em c thm kin thc hn v mn hc ny m cn gip em c mt phng php lm vic mi, ch ng hn, linh hot hn. Qu trnh lm bi bo co ny l mt khong thi gian thc s c ch cho bn thn em v nhiu mt. Em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy Phan Tn Khanh v cc cng s ca thy tn tnh ging dy v hng dn cho em thc tp b mn thc tp vin thong ny .V em cng xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c gio ,ban gim hiu trong nh trng to iu kin cho chng em c tham quan v thc tp ti cc trm vin thng ca VNPT.

 ti 3:
1. L thuyt : Trnh by nguyn l v cc thnh phn , chc nng ca h thng phn phi

dy trung gian MDF ca trm vin thng thuc trung tm vin thng Lt Lm ng. 2. Thc hnh : Trnh by nguyn tc qun l s dng cp Inside , Outside ti MDF ca trung tm vin thng Lt ng dng u ni 2 dch v thoi v XDSL trn cng 1 i dy cp ng.

Bi lm
1.L thuyt : Nguyn l - L im chuyn tip gia cp inside - l cp t tng i ra cung cp cc dch v cho khch hng v cp outside l cp t bn ngoi vo tng i. - phi mt dch v vin thng n ng mt khch hng no . - C th qun l v iu phi mt cch d dng. Gi phi dy chnh (MDF):

- Gi phi dy chnh (MDF) ni cc dy truyn dn t tng i ny sang tng i khc cng nh ni cc dy phn phi t tng i ra thu bao. Thnh phn Khung gi MDF loi treo tng:
1m inside 2115mm outside

- Cu trc: -Chiu ngang: 1000mm -Chiu di: 2115mm - Mt khung thng phc v cho khong 2000 thu bao. - Vic gn khung gi nh th no s ph thuc vo cch b tr ca khung gi. Block u dy:

Block outside:
Cp outside 1 2 100 Dy nhy

- Thng l block 100 i, dng u si cp t bn ngoi vo tng i. - Ngoi ra, trong block outside cn c thit b chng st gm 3 tip im v 5 ht n chng st ng dy. Block inside:
Cp inside 1 2 8 Dy nhy

- Thng l block 128 i, dng u ni cc i cp t tng i ra cung cp cc dch v cho khch hng. - Dy nhy l dy ni t bn inside qua outside. Lut cp: Block inside: - Mu chnh: trng xm - Mu ph: dng cam lc nu V d: si trng dng th si chnh l trng cn si ph l dng. - Nh vy s c tt c l 8 i cp v chia ra tng nhm khc nhau: - Nhm 1: 8 i u buc li bng si vng 8 i tip theo buc li bng si trng 8 i tip theo buc li bng si xm - Tt c nhng i ny buc chung li bng si . - Nhm 2 cng tng t v buc chung li bng si lc.

Block outside: - Mu chnh: trng en vng tm - Mu ph: dng cam lc nu xm V d: trng dng th si chnh l trng cn si ph l dng v hai si ny s xon li vi nhau. - Nh vy s c tt c l 25 i cp v chia thnh 4 nhm: - Nhm 25 S 1: buc li bng si trng dng S 2: buc li bng si trng cam S 3: buc li bng si trng lc S 4: buc li bng si trng nu - Tt c nhng i ny s buc chung li vi nhau bng si trng dng. S ng dy i t cp chnh ti nh khch hng
T cp Hp cp

Cp chnh

Phn phi

Hp u cui

- Cp chnh: gm 200 i cp tr ln. - T cp: dng u dy cp vo. - Hp cp: l mt t cp nh gm vi trm i cp tr xung. - Hp u cui: l mt hp cp nh thng gm 20 i cp. Phng php u ni cung cp hai dch v thoi v ADSL trn cng mt i dy cp ng: Dy nhy DLU Inside Outside Thoi

Dy nhy B trn XDSL + XDSL Thoi Block 128 i Inside Outside Thoi + XDSL

Dn phi dy trung gian MDF( Main Distribution Frame ) l 1 thit b nm trong mng ngoi vi. Gi phi dy chnh (MDF) ni cc dy truyn dn t tng i ny sang tng i khc cng nh ni cc dy phn phi t tng i ra thu bao. Ngoi ra, ngi ta cn dng cc tp im dung lng cao. MDF c 2 block : 1 dnh cho thoi, 1 dnh cho khng thoi cho nn ty theo khch hng h c yu cu c thoi hay khng c thoi th bn cp vo m thi.

Dn phi tuyn (MDF): l ni tp trung tt c cc kt cui ca u dy cc si cp v t ta ra cc ni trong mng. Dn phi tuyn thng nm trong phng my tng i v l ni xut pht tt c cc cp cho mng thu bao, cp lin trm ca 1 i/trm. Nh c dn phi tuyn v dy cp UTP, cc mch thu bao trong tng i c ni vo mng cp. Dn phi tuyn to s mm do trong vic u ni s thit b tng i vi i dy cp mng ngoi vi v cng l ni kim tra, gim st v o th mng cp. Dn phi tuyn chnh MDF l mt b phn khng th thiu trong mng li vin thng. N thc hin vic ni tip cc dy truyn dn t tng i ny sang tng i khc cng nh kt ni h thng chuyn mch trong tng i ti mng li cp thu bao v bo v tng i khng b hng bi cc tc nhn gy qu p, qu dng do mng bn ngoi gy ra (st nh, chm in AC...). Dn phi tuyn MDF Cp chnh : l cp xut pht t dn phi tuyn n t cp. Cng c trng hp cp chnh i thng t dn phi tuyn n tp im. Trn ng i, cp chnh c th chia nh ra n cc t cp. Trong trng hp ny T cp : l ni vn gi l cp chnh v xut pht t dn phi tuyn. tp trung cc kt cui ca 1 hay nhiu si cp chnh t dn phi tuyn n v cc kt cui ca mng cp phi t tp im n. Nh c t cp m mng cp tr nn mm do v linh hot hn trong khu vc cha c d bo nhu cu chnh xc. T cp cn l ni o th kim tra, xc nh h hng cp, cng l ni cho php gn cc thit b bo v (cu ch bo an nu khu vc thng xuyn b st nh), cng nh cc thit b d, kim tra cp. H thng phn phi ny:

c s dng ti cc trung tm vin thng hay cc tng i ni b.Sau y chng ta s i tm hiu dn phi dy trung gian MDF ca trm vin thng Chi Lng thuc thnh ph Lt, tnh Lm ng. Cu trc vt l ca MDF l h thng cc khung gi( cc khung gi ny c lp nhau) nhng si dy pha trn n gm cc Block nm ngang u ni card thu bao t trong i.

Hnh 1: Pha trn l thit b MDF Cu trc ca Block ( phin u dy ) : Phin u dy gm c 8 i cp, chiu ngang 8 i. Cch nh s trn Block 270-0-0-7( DLU 270,Sheft 0, Card 0-7 ).Si cp ni t y ra gi l cp Inside.

Block

* Phn cp Inside : l si cp mu xm c bc lp v PE chng chy tip l 1 lp gip bng kim loi, sau l cc b cp.Nhng b cp ny s c cc lut phn bit n nh sau : Ngi ta dng mu phn bit nhng i trong b cp. N c 2 mu chnh l mu trng , xm v 4 mu ph l dng ,vng ,lc ,nu.Cch kt hp nh sau : trng dng, trng vng, trng lc, trng nu; xm dng, xm vng, xm lc, xm - nu. Mi si cp c 4 nhm dng, lc, trng, ; trong mi nhm ny li chia lm 2 nhm nh l trng, vng; trong mi nhm ny s c 8 i cp. Nh vy trong 1 si cp s c 64 i, cc si cp ny s c ni ti cc phin u dy ( Block inside s c 128 i chia lm 16 hng mi hng 8 i )

* Phn cp outside (cp ngoi ng vo) si cp ny khng chy, c u ni vi Block nm bn di theo chiu dc. Thng thng ngi ta s dng Block 100, 200... Lut mu ca n nh sau gm 5 mu chnh v 5 mu ph. + 5 mu chnh : Trng, , en, vng, tm + 5 mu ph : Dng, cam, lc, nu, xm Nh vy theo lut ny ta c 25 i. Cch phn bit gia 25 i ny vi 25 i khc. y n s ly si dy buc li tng nhm, nhm no c si dy mu dng l nhm u tin tip theo l cam, lc, nu nh vy s to thnh cp 100, cn i vi cp 200 th ta lp li quy lut ny 1 ln na th ta s c cp 200.Nhng Block ny dng cp 100 hay 200 ti v chng l bi s ca 25. i vi nhng Block outside t ngoi ng vo ngi ta cn trang b thm cc ht n, chng st ( Mi hng c 8 i th s c 8 ht n ). Cc ht n ny gm 3 chn, chn gia s ni t cn 2 chn kia s ni ln 2 dy A,B, Block outside cn c chc nng o th. Tm li, thit b MDF gm c cc phin u dy t trong ra v t ngoi vo. Phin u dy trong ra gi l phin inside hoc Block inside cp dng u l cp inside. Phin u ngoi ng vo l phin outside hoc Block outside cp dng

u l cp outside, cp out side v inside s c lut ring ca n. Cn v cu trc vt l ca n l b rng 1m, b cao l 2m45.
2.

Thc hnh :

a. Nguyn tc qun l cp inside, outside ti MDF ca trung tm vin thng lt - Qun l cp inside : Chng ta s nh s l si cp no s ni n ci t no trong i c ngha l n s ni n DLU no Sheft no v Card th bao nhiu. T y ta c th d dng xc nh c chng. - Qun l cp outside : i vi mng cp bn ngoi s c 1 chng trnh qun l qun l mng cp bn ngoi ng, tt c cc h hng khi c bo vo trong tng i 119 v s c in ra. Quy trnh ny c thc hin nh sau: + Bc 1: Nhn vin trc ti B phn tip nhn yu cu x l 119 tp trung c trch nhim tip nhn yu cu x l vo chng trnh QLMC (Form nhn my bo hng), vi cc thng tin sau: * S my: S in thoi vi thu bao c thoi; s qui c i vi thu bao khng thoi. * Trnh trng: Ghi r Hng ADSL hoc Hng xDSL

Hnh 1: Nhn bo hng + Bc 2: In phiu iu x l Sau khi tip nhn yu cu v cp nht vo chng trnh, thng tin yu cu x l s c chuyn tc thi n my tnh ti b phn x l:

- i vi khu vc Lt: Nhn vin trc x l ti BPHT chu trch nhim in phiu iu x l. Phiu iu c in lin tc v giao li cho Nhn vin trc tip x l vo 7h30 hoc 13h00 hoc c th bo trc tip bng in thoi. - i vi cc khu vc khc: Nhn vin trc x l ti i, Trm VT chu trch nhim in phiu iu x l. Phiu iu c in lin tc v giao li cho Nhn vin trc tip x l vo 7h30 hoc 13h00 hoc c th bo trc tip bng in thoi.

Hnh 2: In phiu iu vi x l V y l phiu iu vi x l:

- Sau khi c c phiu iu vi x l s a cho ngi th dy i kim tra. Nhn vo phiu iu vi x l ngi th dy d dng xac nh c tn cp 2/12, i cp 64, dung lng 300, chiu di 2000 v v tr u cui ca n s nm 5D Hai B Trng. Tt c cc ci ny gi l dn cp. b. Cch u ni 2 dch v thoi v XDSL trn cng 1 i dy cp ng : - Trn i cp ng u ni n nh khch hng s c 2 dch v XDSL v thoi cch u ni 2 dch v ny trn cng i dy cp ng nh sau : u tin n s vo 1 b chia ( Sphitter ) b chia ny c tc dng l chia 2 ng tn hiu ra ri nhau. ng th 1 s u vo thoi ng th 2 s qua 1 phng tin l Modem, ngi ta phi dng b chia ny l v thoi n nm tn s thp cn XDSL nm tn s cao. XDSL Thoi B chia XDSL - c th truyn 2 dch v cng 1 lc th trong i phi u ni nh sau : Chng ta s ly thoi trn vo XDSL
Thoi Block nh

Thoi

Block Block Trung gian Thoi Trn Thoi XDSL Thoi XDSL XDSL Block outside Nh khch hng Nhng thu bao c yu cu

KT LUN

Qua nhng bui thc tp c s hng dn tn tnh ca cc k s, nhn vin cc trm vin thng v c bit l thy Phan Tn Khanh trc tip hng dn. Em c ci nhn tng qut v su sc hn v tng i vin thng.Bi bo co l nhng bui thc tp, em thu thp cc thng s k thut ca thit b MDF dn phi dy trung gian. Trong bi bo co em trnh by ton b nhng cu trc c im cch qun l cc si cp ca cc thit b MDF trong tng i. Tuy nhin do thi gian tham quan cc tng i khng c nhiu nn cng cha hiu r v c th v n. Cc cch u ni ca cc thit b trong dn MDF cn tng qut. c ci nhn khch quan nh gi trung thc v hiu r cnh k v cc h thng vin thng th chng ta phi c nhiu thi

gian thc tp hn na. Mn thc tp vin thng l mn hay v rt thc tin trong ngnh in t - Vin thng.Em xin chn thnh cm n!